void zone_daily_F(
long day,
struct world_object *world,
struct basin_object *basin,
struct hillslope_object *hillslope,
struct zone_object *zone,
struct command_line_object *command_line,
struct tec_entry *event,
struct date current_date)
{
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Local Function Declarations. */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
void patch_daily_F(
struct world_object *,
struct basin_object *,
struct hillslope_object *,
struct zone_object *,
struct patch_object *,
struct command_line_object *,
struct tec_entry *,
struct date);
long julday(struct date);
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Local variable definition. */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
int patch;
double snow_rain_range;
double es;
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Update the forcing functions based on the hourly computation*/
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Make use of more accurate basin daylength */
/* if it is not given and the zone horizons are 0 */
/* If the zone horizons are non zero we use the */
/* daylength computed from hourly solar geometry. */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if ( (zone[0].daylength_flag == 0) &&
(zone[0].e_horizon == 0) &&
(zone[0].w_horizon == 0) ){
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* adjust the simulated radiation for new dayl */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if (zone[0].Kdown_direct_flag == 0){
zone[0].Kdown_direct = zone[0].Kdown_direct
* ( basin[0].daylength / zone[0].metv.dayl );
}
if (zone[0].Kdown_diffuse_flag == 0){
zone[0].Kdown_diffuse = zone[0].Kdown_diffuse
* ( basin[0].daylength / zone[0].metv.dayl );
}
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* update the zone daylength to be the basin dayl */
/* which is likely more accurate. */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
zone[0].metv.dayl = basin[0].daylength;
}
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Deretmine if we need to adjust Kdowns or metv.tmax. */
/* */
/* We assume that if either Kdown_diffuse or Kdown_direct */
/* was not supplied then themetv.tmax needs adjustment. */
/* This is because the adjustment should not be needed */
/* if we had good enough data to get Kdowns. */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if ( (zone[0].Kdown_direct_flag == 0) ||
(zone[0].Kdown_diffuse_flag == 0) ){
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Adjust the computed Kdown's for cloud fraction if they */
/* were not read in directly. */
/* See simuilate_zone_daily_1 for the adjustment computation */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
zone[0].Kdown_direct = zone[0].Kdown_direct
* zone[0].Kdown_direct_adjustment;
zone[0].Kdown_diffuse = zone[0].Kdown_diffuse
* zone[0].Kdown_diffuse_adjustment;
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* radrat (unitless) */
/* */
/* Equation 2a & 2b , Page 5, "MTCLIM" */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if ( (zone[0].Kdown_direct_flat + zone[0].Kdown_diffuse_flat) != 0.0 ) {
zone[0].radrat = (zone[0].Kdown_direct + zone[0].Kdown_diffuse) /
(zone[0].Kdown_direct_flat + zone[0].Kdown_diffuse_flat);
}
else zone[0].radrat = 1.0;
/*zone[0].radrat = 1.0;*/
/* EG edit: when radrat equals zero, tmax= -Inf and PSN=Nan */
if ( zone[0].radrat == 0.0) {
zone[0].radrat = 1.0;
}
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* LAI compensation (unitless) */
/* */
/* Equation 2a & 2b , Page 5, "MTCLIM" */
/* Modified so that the base station LAI is subtracted from the*/
/* zone lai. */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
zone[0].effective_lai = 0.0;
for ( patch=0 ; patch<zone[0].num_patches ; patch++ ){
zone[0].effective_lai
+= zone[0].patches[patch][0].effective_lai
* zone[0].patches[patch][0].area;
}
zone[0].effective_lai = zone[0].effective_lai / zone[0].area;
if ( zone[0].radrat < 1.0 ){
zone[0].LAI_temp_adjustment
=-1 * ( 1/zone[0].radrat ) * ( 1 + (zone[0].effective_lai
- zone[0].base_station_effective_lai )
/ zone[0].defaults[0][0].max_effective_lai );
}
else{
zone[0].LAI_temp_adjustment = ( zone[0].radrat )
* ( 1 - (zone[0].effective_lai
- zone[0].base_station_effective_lai )
/ zone[0].defaults[0][0].max_effective_lai );
} /*end if-else*/
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*metv.tmax adjusted ( degrees C) */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
zone[0].metv.tmax = zone[0].metv.tmax + zone[0].LAI_temp_adjustment;
} /*end if*/
/* EG edit: LAI temp adjustment was pushing tmax below tmin*/
if (zone[0].metv.tmax < zone[0].metv.tmin) {
zone[0].metv.tmax = zone[0].metv.tmin + 1.0;
}
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* If no PAR or only diffuse PAR is given get the other PAR's */
/* We assume the ratio of diffuse to direct PAR is a closed */
/* form equation of the ratio of diffuse to direct Kdown. */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if ( (zone[0].PAR_direct == -999.0 ) && ( zone[0].PAR_diffuse == -999.0) ){
zone[0].PAR_direct = 1000.0 * zone[0].Kdown_direct * RAD2PAR * EPAR;
zone[0].PAR_diffuse = 1000.0 * zone[0].Kdown_diffuse * RAD2PAR * EPAR;
}
else if ( zone[0].PAR_direct == -999.0 ){
zone[0].PAR_direct = zone[0].PAR_diffuse * (zone[0].Kdown_direct
/ zone[0].Kdown_diffuse );
}
else if ( zone[0].PAR_diffuse == -999.0 ){
zone[0].PAR_diffuse = zone[0].PAR_direct * (zone[0].Kdown_diffuse
/ zone[0].Kdown_direct );
}
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* .metv.tavg (degrees C) */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if ( zone[0].metv.tavg == -999.0 ){
zone[0].metv.tavg = (zone[0].metv.tmax + zone[0].metv.tmin)/2.0;
}
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* metv.tday (degrees C) */
/* */
/* Eq 1. Page 4, "MTCLIM" */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if ( zone[0].metv.tday == -999.0 ){
zone[0].metv.tday = zone[0].defaults[0][0].temcf
* (zone[0].metv.tmax - zone[0].metv.tavg) + zone[0].metv.tavg;
}
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* metv.tnight (degrees C) */
/* */
/* zcomp.c C Rhessys code */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if ( zone[0].metv.tnight == -999.0 ){
zone[0].metv.tnight = (zone[0].metv.tday + zone[0].metv.tmin)/2.0;
}
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* If we have no snow data determine if the rain should be snow*/
/* */
/* Based on U.S Army Corps of ENgineers (1956) Snow Hydrology */
/* use a min/max to get range in which there is a mix of snow/rain */
/* */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if (zone[0].snow == -999.0 ){
if (zone[0].metv.tavg < zone[0].defaults[0][0].max_snow_temp ){
if (zone[0].metv.tavg <= zone[0].defaults[0][0].min_rain_temp){
zone[0].snow = zone[0].rain;
zone[0].rain = 0.0;
}
else{
snow_rain_range = zone[0].defaults[0][0].max_snow_temp
- zone[0].defaults[0][0].min_rain_temp;
if ( snow_rain_range < 0.001){
zone[0].snow = zone[0].rain;
zone[0].rain = 0.0;
}
else{
zone[0].snow = min((zone[0].defaults[0][0].max_snow_temp
- zone[0].metv.tavg) * zone[0].rain / snow_rain_range, zone[0].rain);
zone[0].rain = zone[0].rain - zone[0].snow;
}
}
}
else{
zone[0].snow = 0.0;
}
}
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* If we have no rain duration data set it as */
/* daylength if rain 0 if not. */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if ( zone[0].daytime_rain_duration == -999.0 ){
if ( zone[0].rain == 0 || (zone[0].snow != 0 ) ){
zone[0].daytime_rain_duration = 0;
}
else{
zone[0].daytime_rain_duration = zone[0].metv.dayl;
}
}
else{
if ( zone[0].rain == 0 ){
zone[0].daytime_rain_duration = 0;
}
else{
zone[0].daytime_rain_duration =
min( zone[0].metv.dayl,zone[0].daytime_rain_duration);
}
}
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Ldown */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if ( zone[0].Ldown == -999.0){
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* compute the daily downwelling long wave based on */
/* .metv.tavg. (kJ/(m2*day)) */
/* */
/* Base on Linacre 1992 as found in C version of rhessys. */
/* */
/* Also, Linacre's formula requires cloud fraction in */
/* oktas of cloud cover; where 1 okta = 1/8 th of sky */
/* covered by clouds. */
/* */
/* If we dont have cloud fraction data we assume 4.0oktas */
/* of full cloudyness if it is a rainy day or a rain or */
/* snow day. */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if ( zone[0].cloud_fraction != -999.0 ){
zone[0].cloud = zone[0].cloud_opacity
* zone[0].cloud_fraction * 12.0;
}
else if ((zone[0].snow + zone[0].rain) > zone[0].defaults[0][0].pptmin ){
zone[0].cloud = 4.0;
zone[0].cloud_fraction = 1.0;
}
else{
zone[0].cloud = 0;
zone[0].cloud_fraction = 0.0;
}
zone[0].Ldown = (208+6*zone[0].metv.tavg) * ( 1.0
+ 0.0034*pow(zone[0].cloud,2.0))* 86400.0 / 1000.0;
} /*end if*/
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Saturation Vapour Pressure (Pa) */
/* */
/* Note the original rehssys code supplied es in mbar. */
/* c.f. eq. 1 Running and Coughlan , 1987, p. 133. */
/* */
/* Since 1 bar = 100 kpa (approx) ; a millibar = 100 Pa approx.*/
/* This explains why the es from the original code was: */
/* */
/* 6.1078 * exp((17.269*z[0].metv.tday)/(237.3 + */
/* z[0].metv.tday)) */
/* */
/* Which is approx 100 times that of the es here. */
/* */
/* Eq. 5.12 p. 110, Jones, "Plants and Microclimate" */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if ( zone[0].metv.vpd == -999.0 ){
es = 613.75 * exp( (17.502 * zone[0].metv.tavg)
/ ( 240.97 + zone[0].metv.tavg) );
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Make use of relative humidity if available. */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if ( zone[0].relative_humidity == -999.0 ){
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Dew Point Vapour Pressure (Pa) */
/* */
/* Note the original rehssys code supplied es in mbar. */
/* c.f. eq. 1 Running and Coughlan , 1987, p. 133. */
/* */
/* Since 1 bar = 100 kpa (approx) ; a millibar = 100 Pa approx.*/
/* This explains why the es from the original code was: */
/* */
/* 6.1078 * exp((17.269*z[0].tdewpoint)/(237.3 + */
/* z[0].tdewpoint)) */
/* */
/* Which is approx 100 times that of the es here. */
/* */
/* Eq. 5.12 p. 110, Jones, "Plants and Microclimate" */
/* Assuming that tdewpoint is valid for the whole day. */
/* */
/* We cannot make a correction for rain_duration here. */
/* Instead we hope that the dewpoint vapour pressure is */
/* measured by a temperature value (night min) */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
zone[0].e_dewpoint = 613.750 * exp( (17.502
* zone[0].tdewpoint) / ( 240.97 + zone[0].tdewpoint));
}
else{
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Dew Point Vapour Pressure (Pa) */
/* */
/* ONly for dayligh conditions with no rain. */
/* Eq. 5.13 and 5.14 , p. 110, Jones, "Plants and Microclimate"*/
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
zone[0].e_dewpoint = zone[0].relative_humidity * es;
} /*end if-else*/
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* metv.vpd (Pa) */
/* */
/* Eq. 5.14, p. 110, Jones, "Plants and Microclimate" */
/* Limited to at least 0.0 as per rhessys C code. */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
zone[0].metv.vpd = max(es - zone[0].e_dewpoint,0.0);
if (zone[0].relative_humidity == -999.0) {
if (es > ZERO)
zone[0].relative_humidity = zone[0].e_dewpoint / es;
else
zone[0].relative_humidity = -999.0;
}
}
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Nitrogen Deposition */
/* - if not availabe use default value */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if (zone[0].ndep_NO3 == -999.0){
zone[0].ndep_NO3 = zone[0].defaults[0][0].ndep_NO3;
}
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* metv.tsoil - soil temperature (degrees C) */
/* */
/* We always update a running average for metv.tsoil in */
/* case we get a missing value. */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if ( zone[0].metv.tsoil == -999.0 ){
zone[0].metv.tsoil_sum = 0.9 * zone[0].metv.tsoil_sum +
0.1 * zone[0].metv.tavg;
zone[0].metv.tsoil = zone[0].metv.tsoil_sum;
}
else{
zone[0].metv.tsoil_sum = zone[0].metv.tsoil;
}
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* set LAI scalar to 1.0 is missing */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if ( zone[0].LAI_scalar == -999.0 ){
zone[0].LAI_scalar = 1.0;
}
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Atmospheric CO2 concentration (ppm) */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if ( zone[0].CO2 == -999.0 ){
zone[0].CO2 = zone[0].defaults[0][0].atm_CO2;
}
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Fill in the bbgc metv structure for missing variables */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* compute total precip kg/m2 */
/* */
/* assumes density snow = debsity rain */
/* kg/m2 = (m / m2) *( 1000kg/m3) */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
zone[0].metv.prcp = (zone[0].rain + zone[0].snow)*1000.0;
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* compute total shortwave flux (W/m2) */
/* W/m2 = Kj/(m2*day) * ( 1 day / dayl s ) * 1000 j / 1kj */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
zone[0].metv.swavgfd = (zone[0].Kdown_direct + zone[0].Kdown_diffuse)
/ zone[0].metv.dayl * 1000.0 ;
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* compute total ppfd umol photon/m2*s */
/* umol photon/m2*s = u mol photon/m2*day * (1 day/dayl s) */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
zone[0].metv.ppfd = (zone[0].PAR_direct + zone[0].PAR_diffuse)
/ zone[0].metv.dayl ;
if ( command_line[0].verbose_flag > 1 )
printf("\n%8d -222.1 ",julday(current_date)-2449000);
if ( command_line[0].verbose_flag > 0 )
printf("%8.4f %8.4f %8.4f %8.4f %8.4f %8.4f %8.4f %8.4f ",
zone[0].metv.dayl,
zone[0].metv.tmax,
zone[0].metv.tmin,
zone[0].metv.tavg,
zone[0].metv.tnight,
zone[0].metv.tday,
zone[0].metv.tsoil,
zone[0].tdewpoint);
if ( command_line[0].verbose_flag > 1 )
printf("\n%8d -222.2 ",julday(current_date)-2449000);
if ( command_line[0].verbose_flag > 0 )
printf("%8.4f %8.4f %8.2f ",
zone[0].rain,
zone[0].snow,
zone[0].metv.vpd);
if ( command_line[0].verbose_flag > 1 )
printf("%8.1f %8.1f %8.0f %8.0f %8.1f ",
zone[0].Kdown_direct,
zone[0].Kdown_diffuse,
zone[0].PAR_direct,
zone[0].PAR_diffuse,
zone[0].Ldown);
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* update met running averages variables */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
zone[0].metv.tmin_ravg = 1.0/6.0*zone[0].metv.tmin + 5.0/6.0*zone[0].metv.tmin_ravg;
zone[0].metv.vpd_ravg = 1/6.0*zone[0].metv.vpd + 5.0/6.0*zone[0].metv.vpd_ravg;
zone[0].metv.dayl_ravg = 1/6.0*zone[0].metv.dayl + 5.0/6*zone[0].metv.dayl_ravg;
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Cycle through the patches for day end computations */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
for ( patch=0 ; patch<zone[0].num_patches; patch++ ){
patch_daily_F(
world,
basin,
hillslope,
zone,
zone[0].patches[patch],
command_line,
event,
current_date );
}
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* update accumulator variables */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if ((command_line[0].output_flags.monthly == 1) &&
(command_line[0].z != NULL) ){
zone[0].acc_month.precip += zone[0].rain + zone[0].snow;
zone[0].acc_month.tmin += zone[0].metv.tmin;
zone[0].acc_month.tmax += zone[0].metv.tmax;
zone[0].acc_month.K_direct += zone[0].Kdown_direct;
zone[0].acc_month.K_diffuse += zone[0].Kdown_diffuse;
zone[0].acc_month.length += 1;
}
return;
} /*end zone_daily_F.c*/
void zone_daily_F(
long day,
struct world_object *world,
struct basin_object *basin,
struct hillslope_object *hillslope,
struct zone_object *zone,
struct command_line_object *command_line,
struct tec_entry *event,
struct date current_date)
{
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Local Function Declarations. */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
void patch_daily_F(
struct world_object *,
struct basin_object *,
struct hillslope_object *,
struct zone_object *,
struct patch_object *,
struct command_line_object *,
struct tec_entry *,
struct date);
long julday(struct date);
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Local variable definition. */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
int patch;
double snow_rain_range;
double es;
double Tcloud, f8, e8z, tau8;
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Update the forcing functions based on the hourly computation*/
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Set daily Kdowns to calculated if not given as inputs. */
/* Transmissivity & cloud fractions carry over from zone_daily_I. */
if ((zone[0].Kdown_direct_flag == 0) ||
(zone[0].Kdown_diffuse_flag == 0)) {
zone[0].Kdown_direct_flat = zone[0].Kdown_direct_flat_calc;
zone[0].Kdown_direct = zone[0].Kdown_direct_calc;
zone[0].Kdown_diffuse_flat = zone[0].Kdown_diffuse_flat_calc;
zone[0].Kdown_diffuse = zone[0].Kdown_diffuse_calc;
}
/* Otherwise use input Kdowns and calculate transmissivity as */
/* ratio between given and calculated, then generate cloud */
/* fraction estimates for longwave calculations. */
else {
zone[0].atm_trans = (zone[0].Kdown_direct+zone[0].Kdown_diffuse)
/ (zone[0].Kdown_direct_calc + zone[0].Kdown_diffuse_calc);
zone[0].cloud_fraction = 1.0 - zone[0].atm_trans
/(zone[0].defaults[0][0].sea_level_clear_sky_trans
+ zone[0].z * zone[0].defaults[0][0].atm_trans_lapse_rate);
zone[0].cloud_fraction = max(zone[0].cloud_fraction,0.0);
zone[0].cloud_fraction = min(zone[0].cloud_fraction,1.0);
zone[0].cloud = zone[0].cloud_opacity * zone[0].cloud_fraction * 12.0;
}
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Make use of more accurate basin daylength */
/* if it is not given and the zone horizons are 0 */
/* If the zone horizons are non zero we use the */
/* daylength computed from hourly solar geometry. */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if ( (zone[0].daylength_flag == 0) &&
(zone[0].e_horizon == 0) &&
(zone[0].w_horizon == 0) ){
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* adjust the simulated radiation for new dayl */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if (zone[0].Kdown_direct_flag == 0){
zone[0].Kdown_direct = zone[0].Kdown_direct
* ( basin[0].daylength / zone[0].metv.dayl );
}
if (zone[0].Kdown_diffuse_flag == 0){
zone[0].Kdown_diffuse = zone[0].Kdown_diffuse
* ( basin[0].daylength / zone[0].metv.dayl );
}
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* update the zone daylength to be the basin dayl */
/* which is likely more accurate. */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
zone[0].metv.dayl = basin[0].daylength;
}
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* MOVED TEMP AND PRECIP CALCS UP SO CAN BE USED FOR CLOUD FRAC */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* metv.tavg calc in zone_daily_I */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* metv.tday (degrees C) */
/* */
/* Eq 1. Page 4, "MTCLIM" */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if ( zone[0].metv.tday == -999.0 ){
zone[0].metv.tday = zone[0].defaults[0][0].temcf
* (zone[0].metv.tmax - zone[0].metv.tavg) + zone[0].metv.tavg;
}
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* metv.tnight (degrees C) */
/* */
/* zcomp.c C Rhessys code */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if ( zone[0].metv.tnight == -999.0 ){
zone[0].metv.tnight = (zone[0].metv.tday + zone[0].metv.tmin)/2.0;
}
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* If we have no snow data determine if the rain should be snow*/
/* */
/* Based on U.S Army Corps of ENgineers (1956) Snow Hydrology */
/* use a min/max to get range in which there is a mix of snow/rain */
/* */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if (zone[0].snow == -999.0 ){
if (zone[0].metv.tavg < zone[0].defaults[0][0].max_snow_temp ){
if (zone[0].metv.tavg <= zone[0].defaults[0][0].min_rain_temp){
zone[0].snow = zone[0].rain;
zone[0].rain = 0.0;
}
else{
snow_rain_range = zone[0].defaults[0][0].max_snow_temp
- zone[0].defaults[0][0].min_rain_temp;
if ( snow_rain_range < 0.001){
zone[0].snow = zone[0].rain;
zone[0].rain = 0.0;
}
else{
zone[0].snow = min((zone[0].defaults[0][0].max_snow_temp
- zone[0].metv.tavg) * zone[0].rain
/ snow_rain_range, zone[0].rain);
zone[0].rain = zone[0].rain - zone[0].snow;
}
}
}
else{
zone[0].snow = 0.0;
}
}
zone[0].snow += zone[0].snow_hourly_total;
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* If we have no rain duration data set it as */
/* daylength if rain 0 if not. */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if ( zone[0].daytime_rain_duration == -999.0 ){
if ( zone[0].rain == 0 || (zone[0].snow != 0 ) ){
zone[0].daytime_rain_duration = 0;
}
else{
/* Old code */
/* zone[0].daytime_rain_duration = zone[0].metv.dayl;*/
/* Since this value is used for both infiltration (intensity) and
radiation, we are now defining it as # of seconds of rain over
ENTIRE 24-hr period. If no value is given, we assume it rains
over the full day. */
zone[0].daytime_rain_duration = 86400;
}
}
else{
if ( zone[0].rain == 0 && zone[0].rain_hourly_total == 0){
zone[0].daytime_rain_duration = 0;
}
else{
/* Old code */
/*zone[0].daytime_rain_duration =
min( zone[0].metv.dayl,zone[0].daytime_rain_duration);*/
/* We adjust this value in the radiation routines to split
into daylight vs. nighttime rain hours, so here we leave
it as-is and just bound to 0:86400 sec. */
zone[0].daytime_rain_duration =
min( 86400, max(zone[0].daytime_rain_duration,0));
}
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* MOVED CLOUD FRACTION CALCS INTO ZONE DAILY I AND EARLIER IN */
/* THIS ROUTINE SO CAN BE USED FOR K ADJUSTMENTS */
/*---------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Deretmine if we need to adjust Kdowns or metv.tmax. */
/* */
/* We assume that if either Kdown_diffuse or Kdown_direct */
/* was not supplied then themetv.tmax needs adjustment. */
/* This is because the adjustment should not be needed */
/* if we had good enough data to get Kdowns. */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if ( (zone[0].Kdown_direct_flag == 0) ||
(zone[0].Kdown_diffuse_flag == 0) ){
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Adjust the computed Kdown's for cloud fraction if they */
/* were not read in directly. */
/* See simuilate_zone_daily_1 for the adjustment computation */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
zone[0].Kdown_direct = zone[0].Kdown_direct
* zone[0].Kdown_direct_adjustment;
zone[0].Kdown_diffuse = zone[0].Kdown_diffuse
* zone[0].Kdown_diffuse_adjustment;
if (command_line[0].verbose_flag == -5) {
printf("\nZONE DAILY F: Precip=%lf cloudfrac=%lf Kdir_adj=%lf Kdif_adj=%lf Tavg=%lf",
zone[0].snow + zone[0].rain,
zone[0].cloud_fraction,
zone[0].Kdown_direct_adjustment/86.4,
zone[0].Kdown_diffuse_adjustment/86.4,
zone[0].metv.tavg);
}
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* radrat (unitless) */
/* */
/* Equation 2a & 2b , Page 5, "MTCLIM" */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if ( (zone[0].Kdown_direct_flat + zone[0].Kdown_diffuse_flat) != 0.0 ) {
zone[0].radrat = (zone[0].Kdown_direct + zone[0].Kdown_diffuse) /
(zone[0].Kdown_direct_flat + zone[0].Kdown_diffuse_flat);
}
else zone[0].radrat = 1.0;
/*zone[0].radrat = 1.0;*/
/* EG edit: when radrat equals zero, tmax= -Inf and PSN=Nan */
if ( zone[0].radrat == 0.0) {
zone[0].radrat = 1.0;
}
/*------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* REMOVING TMAX CORRECTION SINCE EQUATION IS ALWAYS ADDING 1 DEG */
/* EVEN ON FLAT SURFACES WITH SAME LAI AS BASE. EQN NEEDS EDITS */
/* BEFORE RE-IMPLEMENTING. */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* LAI compensation (unitless) */
/* */
/* Equation 2a & 2b , Page 5, "MTCLIM" */
/* Modified so that the base station LAI is subtracted from the*/
/* zone lai. */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
//zone[0].effective_lai = 0.0;
//for ( patch=0 ; patch<zone[0].num_patches ; patch++ ){
// zone[0].effective_lai
// += zone[0].patches[patch][0].effective_lai
// * zone[0].patches[patch][0].area;
//}
//zone[0].effective_lai = zone[0].effective_lai / zone[0].area;
//if ( zone[0].radrat < 1.0 ){
// zone[0].LAI_temp_adjustment
// =-1 * ( 1/zone[0].radrat ) * ( 1 + (zone[0].effective_lai
// - zone[0].base_station_effective_lai )
// / zone[0].defaults[0][0].max_effective_lai );
//}
//else {
// zone[0].LAI_temp_adjustment = ( zone[0].radrat )
// * ( 1 - (zone[0].effective_lai
// - zone[0].base_station_effective_lai )
// / zone[0].defaults[0][0].max_effective_lai );
//} /*end if-else*/
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*metv.tmax adjusted ( degrees C) */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
//zone[0].metv.tmax = zone[0].metv.tmax + zone[0].LAI_temp_adjustment;
/*-----------------------------------------------------------------*/
} /*end if*/
/* EG edit: LAI temp adjustment was pushing tmax below tmin*/
if (zone[0].metv.tmax < zone[0].metv.tmin) {
zone[0].metv.tmax = zone[0].metv.tmin + 1.0;
}
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* If no PAR or only diffuse PAR is given get the other PAR's */
/* We assume the ratio of diffuse to direct PAR is a closed */
/* form equation of the ratio of diffuse to direct Kdown. */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if ( (zone[0].PAR_direct == -999.0 ) && ( zone[0].PAR_diffuse == -999.0) ){
zone[0].PAR_direct = 1000.0 * zone[0].Kdown_direct * RAD2PAR * EPAR;
zone[0].PAR_diffuse = 1000.0 * zone[0].Kdown_diffuse * RAD2PAR * EPAR;
}
else if ( zone[0].PAR_direct == -999.0 ){
zone[0].PAR_direct = zone[0].PAR_diffuse * (zone[0].Kdown_direct
/ zone[0].Kdown_diffuse );
}
else if ( zone[0].PAR_diffuse == -999.0 ){
zone[0].PAR_diffuse = zone[0].PAR_direct * (zone[0].Kdown_diffuse
/ zone[0].Kdown_direct );
}
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* LDOWN MODEL REPLACED WITH NEW ONE CALCULATED AFTER VAPOR PRESSURE */
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Saturation Vapour Pressure (Pa) */
/* */
/* Note the original rehssys code supplied es in mbar. */
/* c.f. eq. 1 Running and Coughlan , 1987, p. 133. */
/* */
/* Since 1 bar = 100 kpa (approx) ; a millibar = 100 Pa approx.*/
/* This explains why the es from the original code was: */
/* */
/* 6.1078 * exp((17.269*z[0].metv.tday)/(237.3 + */
/* z[0].metv.tday)) */
/* */
/* Which is approx 100 times that of the es here. */
/* */
/* Eq. 5.12 p. 110, Jones, "Plants and Microclimate" */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if ( zone[0].metv.vpd == -999.0 ){
es = 613.75 * exp( (17.502 * zone[0].metv.tavg)
/ ( 240.97 + zone[0].metv.tavg) );
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Make use of relative humidity if available. */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if ( zone[0].relative_humidity == -999.0 ){
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Dew Point Vapour Pressure (Pa) */
/* */
/* Note the original rehssys code supplied es in mbar. */
/* c.f. eq. 1 Running and Coughlan , 1987, p. 133. */
/* */
/* Since 1 bar = 100 kpa (approx) ; a millibar = 100 Pa approx.*/
/* This explains why the es from the original code was: */
/* */
/* 6.1078 * exp((17.269*z[0].tdewpoint)/(237.3 + */
/* z[0].tdewpoint)) */
/* */
/* Which is approx 100 times that of the es here. */
/* */
/* Eq. 5.12 p. 110, Jones, "Plants and Microclimate" */
/* Assuming that tdewpoint is valid for the whole day. */
/* */
/* We cannot make a correction for rain_duration here. */
/* Instead we hope that the dewpoint vapour pressure is */
/* measured by a temperature value (night min) */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
zone[0].e_dewpoint = 613.750 * exp( (17.502
* zone[0].tdewpoint) / ( 240.97 + zone[0].tdewpoint));
}
else{
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Dew Point Vapour Pressure (Pa) */
/* */
/* ONly for dayligh conditions with no rain. */
/* Eq. 5.13 and 5.14 , p. 110, Jones, "Plants and Microclimate"*/
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
zone[0].e_dewpoint = zone[0].relative_humidity * es;
} /*end if-else*/
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* metv.vpd (Pa) */
/* */
/* Eq. 5.14, p. 110, Jones, "Plants and Microclimate" */
/* Limited to at least 0.0 as per rhessys C code. */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
zone[0].metv.vpd = max(es - zone[0].e_dewpoint,0.0);
if (zone[0].relative_humidity == -999.0) {
if (es > ZERO)
zone[0].relative_humidity = zone[0].e_dewpoint / es;
else
zone[0].relative_humidity = -999.0;
}
}
/* Case where vpd is given. Still need to calculate e_dewpoint */
/* for snowpack sublim and RH for output. */
else {
es = 613.75 * exp( (17.502 * zone[0].metv.tavg)
/ ( 240.97 + zone[0].metv.tavg) );
zone[0].e_dewpoint = es - zone[0].metv.vpd;
zone[0].relative_humidity = zone[0].e_dewpoint / es;
}
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* NEW ATMOSPHERIC LONGWAVE MODEL */
/* Clear sky emissivity from Satterlund 1979 as applied in */
/* Mahat & Tarboten 2012 UEB with cloud fraction correction. */
/* After testing, best results from Diley-Crawford model but */
/* leaving others in as comments in case someone else wants */
/* to experiment. */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if ( zone[0].Ldown == -999.0){
/* Satterlund-Crawford */
/*zone[0].Ldown = (zone[0].cloud_fraction
+ (1.0 - zone[0].cloud_fraction) * 1.08 * (1.0 - exp(-pow(zone[0].e_dewpoint/100,(zone[0].metv.tavg+273.16)/2016))))
* (SBC * 86400/1000) * pow(zone[0].metv.tavg+273.16,4);*/
/* Diley-Crawford */
zone[0].Ldown = zone[0].cloud_fraction * (SBC * 86400/1000) * pow(zone[0].metv.tavg+273.16,4)
+ (1.0 - zone[0].cloud_fraction) * ( 59.38 + 113.7*pow((zone[0].metv.tavg+273.16)/273.16,6)
+ 96.96 * pow(4650*(zone[0].e_dewpoint/1000)/(zone[0].metv.tavg+273.16)/25,0.5)) * 86400/1000;
/* split by day/night (not sensitive) */
/*zone[0].Ldown = ( zone[0].cloud_fraction * (SBC * (seconds_per_day-zone[0].metv.dayl)/1000) * pow(zone[0].metv.tnight+273,4)
+ (1.0 - zone[0].cloud_fraction) * ( 59.38 + 113.7*pow((zone[0].metv.tnight+273)/273.16,6)
+ 96.96 * pow(4650*(zone[0].e_dewpoint/1000)/(zone[0].metv.tnight+273)/25,0.5)) * (seconds_per_day-zone[0].metv.dayl)/1000 )
+ ( zone[0].cloud_fraction * (SBC * zone[0].metv.dayl/1000) * pow(zone[0].metv.tday+273,4)
+ (1.0 - zone[0].cloud_fraction) * ( 59.38 + 113.7*pow((zone[0].metv.tday+273)/273.16,6)
+ 96.96 * pow(4650*(zone[0].e_dewpoint/1000)/(zone[0].metv.tday+273)/25,0.5)) * zone[0].metv.dayl/1000 );*/
/* Diley with Kimball cloud correction per Flerchinger 2009 */
/*if ( (current_date.month>=5) && (current_date.month<=10) )
Tcloud = (zone[0].metv.tavg+273.16) - 9; /* summer adjustment for cloud temp */
/*else
Tcloud = (zone[0].metv.tavg+273.16) - 13; /* winter adjustment for cloud temp */
/*f8 = -0.6732 + (0.006240*Tcloud) - (0.9140*pow(10,-5)*pow(Tcloud,2));
e8z = 0.24 + (2.98*pow(10,-6) * pow(zone[0].e_dewpoint/1000,2) * exp(3000.0/(zone[0].metv.tavg+273.16)));
tau8 = 1.0 - e8z*(1.4-0.4*e8z);
zone[0].Ldown = zone[0].cloud_fraction * f8 * tau8 * (SBC * 86400/1000) * pow(Tcloud,4)
+ (1.0 - zone[0].cloud_fraction) * ( 59.38 + 113.7*pow((zone[0].metv.tavg+273.16)/273.16,6)
+ 96.96 * pow(4650*(zone[0].e_dewpoint/1000)/(zone[0].metv.tavg+273.16)/25,0.5)) * 86400/1000;*/
} /*end if*/
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Nitrogen Deposition */
/* - if not availabe use default value */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if (zone[0].ndep_NO3 == -999.0){
zone[0].ndep_NO3 = zone[0].defaults[0][0].ndep_NO3;
}
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* metv.tsoil - soil temperature (degrees C) */
/* */
/* We always update a running average for metv.tsoil in */
/* case we get a missing value. */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if ( zone[0].metv.tsoil == -999.0 ){
zone[0].metv.tsoil_sum = 0.9 * zone[0].metv.tsoil_sum +
0.1 * zone[0].metv.tavg;
zone[0].metv.tsoil = zone[0].metv.tsoil_sum;
}
else{
zone[0].metv.tsoil_sum = zone[0].metv.tsoil;
}
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* set LAI scalar to 1.0 is missing */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if ( zone[0].LAI_scalar == -999.0 ){
zone[0].LAI_scalar = 1.0;
}
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Atmospheric CO2 concentration (ppm) */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if ( zone[0].CO2 == -999.0 ){
zone[0].CO2 = zone[0].defaults[0][0].atm_CO2;
}
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Fill in the bbgc metv structure for missing variables */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* compute total precip kg/m2 */
/* */
/* assumes density snow = debsity rain */
/* kg/m2 = (m / m2) *( 1000kg/m3) */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
zone[0].metv.prcp = (zone[0].rain + zone[0].snow)*1000.0;
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* compute total shortwave flux (W/m2) */
/* W/m2 = Kj/(m2*day) * ( 1 day / dayl s ) * 1000 j / 1kj */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
zone[0].metv.swavgfd = (zone[0].Kdown_direct + zone[0].Kdown_diffuse)
/ zone[0].metv.dayl * 1000.0 ;
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* compute total ppfd umol photon/m2*s */
/* umol photon/m2*s = u mol photon/m2*day * (1 day/dayl s) */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
zone[0].metv.ppfd = (zone[0].PAR_direct + zone[0].PAR_diffuse)
/ zone[0].metv.dayl ;
if ( command_line[0].verbose_flag > 1 )
printf("\n%8d -222.1 ",julday(current_date)-2449000);
if ( command_line[0].verbose_flag > 0 )
printf("%8.4f %8.4f %8.4f %8.4f %8.4f %8.4f %8.4f %8.4f ",
zone[0].metv.dayl,
zone[0].metv.tmax,
zone[0].metv.tmin,
zone[0].metv.tavg,
zone[0].metv.tnight,
zone[0].metv.tday,
zone[0].metv.tsoil,
zone[0].tdewpoint);
if ( command_line[0].verbose_flag > 1 )
printf("\n%8d -222.2 ",julday(current_date)-2449000);
if ( command_line[0].verbose_flag > 0 )
printf("%8.4f %8.4f %8.2f ",
zone[0].rain,
zone[0].snow,
zone[0].metv.vpd);
if ( command_line[0].verbose_flag > 1 )
printf("%8.1f %8.1f %8.0f %8.0f %8.1f ",
zone[0].Kdown_direct,
zone[0].Kdown_diffuse,
zone[0].PAR_direct,
zone[0].PAR_diffuse,
zone[0].Ldown);
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* update met running averages variables */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
zone[0].metv.tmin_ravg = 1.0/(zone[0].defaults[0][0].ravg_days)*zone[0].metv.tmin
+ (zone[0].defaults[0][0].ravg_days-1.0)/(zone[0].defaults[0][0].ravg_days)*zone[0].metv.tmin_ravg;
zone[0].metv.vpd_ravg = 1.0/(zone[0].defaults[0][0].ravg_days)*zone[0].metv.vpd
+ (zone[0].defaults[0][0].ravg_days-1.0)/(zone[0].defaults[0][0].ravg_days)*zone[0].metv.vpd_ravg;
zone[0].metv.dayl_ravg = 1.0/(zone[0].defaults[0][0].ravg_days)*zone[0].metv.dayl
+ (zone[0].defaults[0][0].ravg_days-1.0)/(zone[0].defaults[0][0].ravg_days)*zone[0].metv.dayl_ravg;
if (command_line[0].verbose_flag == -5) {
printf(" Kdowndir=%lf Kdowndiff=%lf Ldown=%lf",
zone[0].Kdown_direct/86.4,
zone[0].Kdown_diffuse/86.4,
zone[0].Ldown/86.4);
}
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Cycle through the patches for day end computations */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
for ( patch=0 ; patch<zone[0].num_patches; patch++ ){
patch_daily_F(
world,
basin,
hillslope,
zone,
zone[0].patches[patch],
command_line,
event,
current_date );
if(command_line[0].vegspinup_flag > 0){
if (zone[0].patches[patch]->target_status == 0){
world[0].target_status = 0;
}
}
}
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* update accumulator variables */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
if ((command_line[0].output_flags.monthly == 1) &&
(command_line[0].z != NULL) ){
zone[0].acc_month.precip += zone[0].rain + zone[0].snow;
zone[0].acc_month.tmin += zone[0].metv.tmin;
zone[0].acc_month.tmax += zone[0].metv.tmax;
zone[0].acc_month.K_direct += zone[0].Kdown_direct;
zone[0].acc_month.K_diffuse += zone[0].Kdown_diffuse;
zone[0].acc_month.length += 1;
}
return;
} /*end zone_daily_F.c*/
