/* an analogue to the random() function, but use prng_bytes */
long int
get_random()
{
  long int l;
  prng_bytes ((unsigned char *)&l, sizeof(l));
  if (l < 0)
    l = -l;
  return l;
}
Exemple #2
0
/* create a temporary filename in directory */
const char *
create_temp_file (const char *directory, const char *prefix, struct gc_arena *gc)
{
  static unsigned int counter;
  struct buffer fname = alloc_buf_gc (256, gc);
  int fd;
  const char *retfname = NULL;
  unsigned int attempts = 0;

  do
    {
      uint8_t rndbytes[16];
      const char *rndstr;

      ++attempts;
      ++counter;

      prng_bytes (rndbytes, sizeof rndbytes);
      rndstr = format_hex_ex (rndbytes, sizeof rndbytes, 40, 0, NULL, gc);
      buf_printf (&fname, PACKAGE "_%s_%s.tmp", prefix, rndstr);

      retfname = gen_path (directory, BSTR (&fname), gc);
      if (!retfname)
        {
          msg (M_FATAL, "Failed to create temporary filename and path");
          return NULL;
        }

      /* Atomically create the file.  Errors out if the file already
         exists.  */
      fd = platform_open (retfname, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_WRONLY, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
      if (fd != -1)
        {
          close (fd);
          return retfname;
        }
      else if (fd == -1 && errno != EEXIST)
        {
          /* Something else went wrong, no need to retry.  */
          struct gc_arena gcerr = gc_new ();
          msg (M_FATAL, "Could not create temporary file '%s': %s",
               retfname, strerror_ts (errno, &gcerr));
          gc_free (&gcerr);
          return NULL;
        }
    }
  while (attempts < 6);

  msg (M_FATAL, "Failed to create temporary file after %i attempts", attempts);
  return NULL;
}
Exemple #3
0
/*
 * Prepend a random string to hostname to prevent DNS caching.
 * For example, foo.bar.gov would be modified to <random-chars>.foo.bar.gov.
 * Of course, this requires explicit support in the DNS server (wildcard).
 */
const char *
hostname_randomize(const char *hostname, struct gc_arena *gc)
{
# define n_rnd_bytes 6

  uint8_t rnd_bytes[n_rnd_bytes];
  const char *rnd_str;
  struct buffer hname = alloc_buf_gc (strlen(hostname)+sizeof(rnd_bytes)*2+4, gc);

  prng_bytes (rnd_bytes, sizeof (rnd_bytes));
  rnd_str = format_hex_ex (rnd_bytes, sizeof (rnd_bytes), 40, 0, NULL, gc);
  buf_printf(&hname, "%s.%s", rnd_str, hostname);
  return BSTR(&hname);
# undef n_rnd_bytes
}
Exemple #4
0
void
session_id_random (struct session_id *sid)
{
  prng_bytes (sid->id, SID_SIZE);
}
Exemple #5
0
int ipsec_sa_init(struct ipsec_sa *ipsp)
{
	int error = 0;
	char sa[SATOT_BUF];
	size_t sa_len;

#ifdef CONFIG_KLIPS_DEBUG
	char ipaddr_txt[ADDRTOA_BUF];
	char ipaddr2_txt[ADDRTOA_BUF];
#endif
#if defined (CONFIG_KLIPS_AUTH_HMAC_MD5) || \
	defined (CONFIG_KLIPS_AUTH_HMAC_SHA1)
	unsigned char kb[AHMD596_BLKLEN];
	int i;
#endif

	if (ipsp == NULL) {
		KLIPS_PRINT(debug_pfkey,
			    "ipsec_sa_init: "
			    "ipsp is NULL, fatal\n");
		SENDERR(EINVAL);
	}

	sa_len = KLIPS_SATOT(debug_pfkey, &ipsp->ips_said, 0, sa, sizeof(sa));

	KLIPS_PRINT(debug_pfkey,
		    "ipsec_sa_init: "
		    "(pfkey defined) called for SA:%s\n",
		    sa_len ? sa : " (error)");

	KLIPS_PRINT(debug_pfkey,
		    "ipsec_sa_init: "
		    "calling init routine of %s%s%s\n",
		    IPS_XFORM_NAME(ipsp));

	switch (ipsp->ips_said.proto) {
#ifdef CONFIG_KLIPS_IPIP
	case IPPROTO_IPIP: {
		ipsp->ips_xformfuncs = ipip_xform_funcs;
#ifdef CONFIG_KLIPS_DEBUG
		sin_addrtot(ipsp->ips_addr_s, 0, ipaddr_txt,
			    sizeof(ipaddr_txt));
		sin_addrtot(ipsp->ips_addr_d, 0, ipaddr2_txt,
			    sizeof(ipaddr2_txt));
		KLIPS_PRINT(debug_pfkey,
			    "ipsec_sa_init: "
			    "(pfkey defined) IPIP ipsec_sa set for %s->%s.\n",
			    ipaddr_txt,
			    ipaddr2_txt);
#endif
	}
	break;
#endif          /* !CONFIG_KLIPS_IPIP */

#ifdef CONFIG_KLIPS_AH
	case IPPROTO_AH:

		ipsp->ips_xformfuncs = ah_xform_funcs;

#ifdef CONFIG_KLIPS_OCF
		if (ipsec_ocf_sa_init(ipsp, ipsp->ips_authalg, 0))
			break;
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_KLIPS_ALG
		error = ipsec_alg_auth_key_create(ipsp);
		if ((error < 0) && (error != -EPROTO))
			SENDERR(-error);

		if (error == -EPROTO) {
			/* perform manual key generation,
			   ignore this particular error */
			error = 0;
#endif              /* CONFIG_KLIPS_ALG */

		switch (ipsp->ips_authalg) {
# ifdef CONFIG_KLIPS_AUTH_HMAC_MD5
		case AH_MD5: {
			unsigned char *akp;
			unsigned int aks;
			MD5_CTX *ictx;
			MD5_CTX *octx;

			if (ipsp->ips_key_bits_a != (AHMD596_KLEN * 8)) {
				KLIPS_PRINT(debug_pfkey,
					    "ipsec_sa_init: "
					    "incorrect key size: %d bits -- must be %d bits\n" /*octets (bytes)\n"*/,
					    ipsp->ips_key_bits_a, AHMD596_KLEN *
					    8);
				SENDERR(EINVAL);
			}

#  if KLIPS_DIVULGE_HMAC_KEY
			KLIPS_PRINT(debug_pfkey && sysctl_ipsec_debug_verbose,
				    "ipsec_sa_init: "
				    "hmac md5-96 key is 0x%08x %08x %08x %08x\n",
				    ntohl(*(((__u32 *)ipsp->ips_key_a) + 0)),
				    ntohl(*(((__u32 *)ipsp->ips_key_a) + 1)),
				    ntohl(*(((__u32 *)ipsp->ips_key_a) + 2)),
				    ntohl(*(((__u32 *)ipsp->ips_key_a) + 3)));
#  endif                        /* KLIPS_DIVULGE_HMAC_KEY */

			ipsp->ips_auth_bits = AHMD596_ALEN * 8;

			/* save the pointer to the key material */
			akp = ipsp->ips_key_a;
			aks = ipsp->ips_key_a_size;

			KLIPS_PRINT(debug_pfkey && sysctl_ipsec_debug_verbose,
				    "ipsec_sa_init: "
				    "allocating %lu bytes for md5_ctx.\n",
				    (unsigned long) sizeof(struct md5_ctx));
			if ((ipsp->ips_key_a = (caddr_t)
					       kmalloc(sizeof(struct md5_ctx),
						       GFP_ATOMIC)) == NULL) {
				ipsp->ips_key_a = akp;
				SENDERR(ENOMEM);
			}
			ipsp->ips_key_a_size = sizeof(struct md5_ctx);

			for (i = 0; i < DIVUP(ipsp->ips_key_bits_a, 8); i++)
				kb[i] = akp[i] ^ HMAC_IPAD;
			for (; i < AHMD596_BLKLEN; i++)
				kb[i] = HMAC_IPAD;

			ictx = &(((struct md5_ctx*)(ipsp->ips_key_a))->ictx);
			osMD5Init(ictx);
			osMD5Update(ictx, kb, AHMD596_BLKLEN);

			for (i = 0; i < AHMD596_BLKLEN; i++)
				kb[i] ^= (HMAC_IPAD ^ HMAC_OPAD);

			octx = &(((struct md5_ctx*)(ipsp->ips_key_a))->octx);
			osMD5Init(octx);
			osMD5Update(octx, kb, AHMD596_BLKLEN);

#  if KLIPS_DIVULGE_HMAC_KEY
			KLIPS_PRINT(debug_pfkey && sysctl_ipsec_debug_verbose,
				    "ipsec_sa_init: "
				    "MD5 ictx=0x%08x %08x %08x %08x octx=0x%08x %08x %08x %08x\n",
				    ((__u32*)ictx)[0],
				    ((__u32*)ictx)[1],
				    ((__u32*)ictx)[2],
				    ((__u32*)ictx)[3],
				    ((__u32*)octx)[0],
				    ((__u32*)octx)[1],
				    ((__u32*)octx)[2],
				    ((__u32*)octx)[3] );
#  endif                        /* KLIPS_DIVULGE_HMAC_KEY */

			/* zero key buffer -- paranoid */
			memset(akp, 0, aks);
			kfree(akp);
		}
		break;
# endif                 /* CONFIG_KLIPS_AUTH_HMAC_MD5 */
# ifdef CONFIG_KLIPS_AUTH_HMAC_SHA1
		case AH_SHA: {
			unsigned char *akp;
			unsigned int aks;
			SHA1_CTX *ictx;
			SHA1_CTX *octx;

			if (ipsp->ips_key_bits_a != (AHSHA196_KLEN * 8)) {
				KLIPS_PRINT(debug_pfkey,
					    "ipsec_sa_init: "
					    "incorrect key size: %d bits -- must be %d bits\n" /*octets (bytes)\n"*/,
					    ipsp->ips_key_bits_a, AHSHA196_KLEN *
					    8);
				SENDERR(EINVAL);
			}

#  if KLIPS_DIVULGE_HMAC_KEY
			KLIPS_PRINT(debug_pfkey && sysctl_ipsec_debug_verbose,
				    "ipsec_sa_init: "
				    "hmac sha1-96 key is 0x%08x %08x %08x %08x\n",
				    ntohl(*(((__u32 *)ipsp->ips_key_a) + 0)),
				    ntohl(*(((__u32 *)ipsp->ips_key_a) + 1)),
				    ntohl(*(((__u32 *)ipsp->ips_key_a) + 2)),
				    ntohl(*(((__u32 *)ipsp->ips_key_a) + 3)));
#  endif                        /* KLIPS_DIVULGE_HMAC_KEY */

			ipsp->ips_auth_bits = AHSHA196_ALEN * 8;

			/* save the pointer to the key material */
			akp = ipsp->ips_key_a;
			aks = ipsp->ips_key_a_size;

			KLIPS_PRINT(debug_pfkey && sysctl_ipsec_debug_verbose,
				    "ipsec_sa_init: "
				    "allocating %lu bytes for sha1_ctx.\n",
				    (unsigned long) sizeof(struct sha1_ctx));
			if ((ipsp->ips_key_a = (caddr_t)
					       kmalloc(sizeof(struct sha1_ctx),
						       GFP_ATOMIC)) == NULL) {
				ipsp->ips_key_a = akp;
				SENDERR(ENOMEM);
			}
			ipsp->ips_key_a_size = sizeof(struct sha1_ctx);

			for (i = 0; i < DIVUP(ipsp->ips_key_bits_a, 8); i++)
				kb[i] = akp[i] ^ HMAC_IPAD;
			for (; i < AHMD596_BLKLEN; i++)
				kb[i] = HMAC_IPAD;

			ictx = &(((struct sha1_ctx*)(ipsp->ips_key_a))->ictx);
			SHA1Init(ictx);
			SHA1Update(ictx, kb, AHSHA196_BLKLEN);

			for (i = 0; i < AHSHA196_BLKLEN; i++)
				kb[i] ^= (HMAC_IPAD ^ HMAC_OPAD);

			octx = &(((struct sha1_ctx*)(ipsp->ips_key_a))->octx);
			SHA1Init(octx);
			SHA1Update(octx, kb, AHSHA196_BLKLEN);

#  if KLIPS_DIVULGE_HMAC_KEY
			KLIPS_PRINT(debug_pfkey && sysctl_ipsec_debug_verbose,
				    "ipsec_sa_init: "
				    "SHA1 ictx=0x%08x %08x %08x %08x octx=0x%08x %08x %08x %08x\n",
				    ((__u32*)ictx)[0],
				    ((__u32*)ictx)[1],
				    ((__u32*)ictx)[2],
				    ((__u32*)ictx)[3],
				    ((__u32*)octx)[0],
				    ((__u32*)octx)[1],
				    ((__u32*)octx)[2],
				    ((__u32*)octx)[3] );
#  endif                        /* KLIPS_DIVULGE_HMAC_KEY */
			/* zero key buffer -- paranoid */
			memset(akp, 0, aks);
			kfree(akp);
		}
		break;
# endif                 /* CONFIG_KLIPS_AUTH_HMAC_SHA1 */
		default:
			KLIPS_PRINT(debug_pfkey,
				    "ipsec_sa_init: "
				    "authalg=%d support not available in the kernel",
				    ipsp->ips_authalg);
			SENDERR(EINVAL);
		}
#ifdef CONFIG_KLIPS_ALG
			/* closure of the -EPROTO condition above */
		}
#endif
		break;
#endif          /* CONFIG_KLIPS_AH */

#ifdef CONFIG_KLIPS_ESP
	case IPPROTO_ESP:
		ipsp->ips_xformfuncs = esp_xform_funcs;
		{
#ifdef CONFIG_KLIPS_OCF
			if (ipsec_ocf_sa_init(ipsp, ipsp->ips_authalg,
					      ipsp->ips_encalg))
				break;
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_KLIPS_ALG
			error = ipsec_alg_enc_key_create(ipsp);
			if (error < 0)
				SENDERR(-error);

			error = ipsec_alg_auth_key_create(ipsp);
			if ((error < 0) && (error != -EPROTO))
				SENDERR(-error);

			if (error == -EPROTO) {
				/* perform manual key generation,
				   ignore this particular error */
				error = 0;
#endif                  /* CONFIG_KLIPS_ALG */

			switch (ipsp->ips_authalg) {
#if defined (CONFIG_KLIPS_AUTH_HMAC_MD5) || \
				defined (CONFIG_KLIPS_AUTH_HMAC_SHA1)
				unsigned char *akp;
				unsigned int aks;
#endif
# ifdef CONFIG_KLIPS_AUTH_HMAC_MD5
			case AH_MD5: {
				MD5_CTX *ictx;
				MD5_CTX *octx;

				if (ipsp->ips_key_bits_a !=
				    (AHMD596_KLEN * 8)) {
					KLIPS_PRINT(debug_pfkey,
						    "ipsec_sa_init: "
						    "incorrect authorisation key size: %d bits -- must be %d bits\n" /*octets (bytes)\n"*/,
						    ipsp->ips_key_bits_a,
						    AHMD596_KLEN * 8);
					SENDERR(EINVAL);
				}

#  if KLIPS_DIVULGE_HMAC_KEY
				KLIPS_PRINT(
					debug_pfkey && sysctl_ipsec_debug_verbose,
					"ipsec_sa_init: "
					"hmac md5-96 key is 0x%08x %08x %08x %08x\n",
					ntohl(*(((__u32 *)(ipsp->ips_key_a)) +
						0)),
					ntohl(*(((__u32 *)(ipsp->ips_key_a)) +
						1)),
					ntohl(*(((__u32 *)(ipsp->ips_key_a)) +
						2)),
					ntohl(*(((__u32 *)(ipsp->ips_key_a)) +
						3)));
#  endif                                /* KLIPS_DIVULGE_HMAC_KEY */
				ipsp->ips_auth_bits = AHMD596_ALEN * 8;

				/* save the pointer to the key material */
				akp = ipsp->ips_key_a;
				aks = ipsp->ips_key_a_size;

				KLIPS_PRINT(
					debug_pfkey && sysctl_ipsec_debug_verbose,
					"ipsec_sa_init: "
					"allocating %lu bytes for md5_ctx.\n",
					(unsigned long) sizeof(struct
							       md5_ctx));
				if ((ipsp->ips_key_a = (caddr_t)
					kmalloc(sizeof(struct md5_ctx),
						GFP_ATOMIC)) == NULL) {
					ipsp->ips_key_a = akp;
					SENDERR(ENOMEM);
				}
				ipsp->ips_key_a_size = sizeof(struct md5_ctx);

				for (i = 0; i < DIVUP(ipsp->ips_key_bits_a, 8);
				     i++)
					kb[i] = akp[i] ^ HMAC_IPAD;
				for (; i < AHMD596_BLKLEN; i++)
					kb[i] = HMAC_IPAD;

				ictx = &(((struct md5_ctx*)(ipsp->ips_key_a))
					  ->ictx);
				osMD5Init(ictx);
				osMD5Update(ictx, kb, AHMD596_BLKLEN);

				for (i = 0; i < AHMD596_BLKLEN; i++)
					kb[i] ^= (HMAC_IPAD ^ HMAC_OPAD);

				octx = &(((struct md5_ctx*)(ipsp->ips_key_a))
					  ->octx);
				osMD5Init(octx);
				osMD5Update(octx, kb, AHMD596_BLKLEN);

#  if KLIPS_DIVULGE_HMAC_KEY
				KLIPS_PRINT(
					debug_pfkey && sysctl_ipsec_debug_verbose,
					"ipsec_sa_init: "
					"MD5 ictx=0x%08x %08x %08x %08x octx=0x%08x %08x %08x %08x\n",
					((__u32*)ictx)[0],
					((__u32*)ictx)[1],
					((__u32*)ictx)[2],
					((__u32*)ictx)[3],
					((__u32*)octx)[0],
					((__u32*)octx)[1],
					((__u32*)octx)[2],
					((__u32*)octx)[3] );
#  endif                                /* KLIPS_DIVULGE_HMAC_KEY */
				/* paranoid */
				memset(akp, 0, aks);
				kfree(akp);
				break;
			}
# endif                         /* CONFIG_KLIPS_AUTH_HMAC_MD5 */
# ifdef CONFIG_KLIPS_AUTH_HMAC_SHA1
			case AH_SHA: {
				SHA1_CTX *ictx;
				SHA1_CTX *octx;

				if (ipsp->ips_key_bits_a !=
				    (AHSHA196_KLEN * 8)) {
					KLIPS_PRINT(debug_pfkey,
						    "ipsec_sa_init: "
						    "incorrect authorisation key size: %d bits -- must be %d bits\n" /*octets (bytes)\n"*/,
						    ipsp->ips_key_bits_a,
						    AHSHA196_KLEN * 8);
					SENDERR(EINVAL);
				}

#  if KLIPS_DIVULGE_HMAC_KEY
				KLIPS_PRINT(
					debug_pfkey && sysctl_ipsec_debug_verbose,
					"ipsec_sa_init: "
					"hmac sha1-96 key is 0x%08x %08x %08x %08x\n",
					ntohl(*(((__u32 *)ipsp->ips_key_a) +
						0)),
					ntohl(*(((__u32 *)ipsp->ips_key_a) +
						1)),
					ntohl(*(((__u32 *)ipsp->ips_key_a) +
						2)),
					ntohl(*(((__u32 *)ipsp->ips_key_a) +
						3)));
#  endif                                /* KLIPS_DIVULGE_HMAC_KEY */
				ipsp->ips_auth_bits = AHSHA196_ALEN * 8;

				/* save the pointer to the key material */
				akp = ipsp->ips_key_a;
				aks = ipsp->ips_key_a_size;

				KLIPS_PRINT(
					debug_pfkey && sysctl_ipsec_debug_verbose,
					"ipsec_sa_init: "
					"allocating %lu bytes for sha1_ctx.\n",
					(unsigned long) sizeof(struct
							       sha1_ctx));
				if ((ipsp->ips_key_a = (caddr_t)
					kmalloc(sizeof(struct sha1_ctx),
						GFP_ATOMIC)) == NULL) {
					ipsp->ips_key_a = akp;
					SENDERR(ENOMEM);
				}
				ipsp->ips_key_a_size = sizeof(struct sha1_ctx);

				for (i = 0; i < DIVUP(ipsp->ips_key_bits_a, 8);
				     i++)
					kb[i] = akp[i] ^ HMAC_IPAD;
				for (; i < AHMD596_BLKLEN; i++)
					kb[i] = HMAC_IPAD;

				ictx = &(((struct sha1_ctx*)(ipsp->ips_key_a))
					  ->ictx);
				SHA1Init(ictx);
				SHA1Update(ictx, kb, AHSHA196_BLKLEN);

				for (i = 0; i < AHSHA196_BLKLEN; i++)
					kb[i] ^= (HMAC_IPAD ^ HMAC_OPAD);

				octx = &((struct sha1_ctx*)(ipsp->ips_key_a))
					->octx;
				SHA1Init(octx);
				SHA1Update(octx, kb, AHSHA196_BLKLEN);

#  if KLIPS_DIVULGE_HMAC_KEY
				KLIPS_PRINT(
					debug_pfkey && sysctl_ipsec_debug_verbose,
					"ipsec_sa_init: "
					"SHA1 ictx=0x%08x %08x %08x %08x octx=0x%08x %08x %08x %08x\n",
					((__u32*)ictx)[0],
					((__u32*)ictx)[1],
					((__u32*)ictx)[2],
					((__u32*)ictx)[3],
					((__u32*)octx)[0],
					((__u32*)octx)[1],
					((__u32*)octx)[2],
					((__u32*)octx)[3] );
#  endif                                /* KLIPS_DIVULGE_HMAC_KEY */
				memset(akp, 0, aks);
				kfree(akp);
				break;
			}
# endif                         /* CONFIG_KLIPS_AUTH_HMAC_SHA1 */
			case AH_NONE:
				break;
			default:
				KLIPS_PRINT(debug_pfkey,
					    "ipsec_sa_init: "
					    "authalg=%d support not available in the kernel.\n",
					    ipsp->ips_authalg);
				SENDERR(EINVAL);
			}
#ifdef CONFIG_KLIPS_ALG
			/* closure of the -EPROTO condition above */
		}
#endif

			ipsp->ips_iv_size =
				ipsp->ips_alg_enc->ixt_common.ixt_support.
				ias_ivlen / 8;

			/* Create IV */
			if (ipsp->ips_iv_size) {
				if ((ipsp->ips_iv = (caddr_t)
					kmalloc(ipsp->ips_iv_size,
						GFP_ATOMIC)) == NULL)
					SENDERR(ENOMEM);
				prng_bytes(&ipsec_prng, (char *)ipsp->ips_iv,
					   ipsp->ips_iv_size);
				ipsp->ips_iv_bits = ipsp->ips_iv_size * 8;
			}
		}
		break;
#endif          /* !CONFIG_KLIPS_ESP */
#ifdef CONFIG_KLIPS_IPCOMP
	case IPPROTO_COMP:

		ipsp->ips_xformfuncs = ipcomp_xform_funcs;

		ipsp->ips_comp_adapt_tries = 0;
		ipsp->ips_comp_adapt_skip = 0;
		ipsp->ips_comp_ratio_cbytes = 0;
		ipsp->ips_comp_ratio_dbytes = 0;

#ifdef CONFIG_KLIPS_OCF
		if (ipsec_ocf_comp_sa_init(ipsp, ipsp->ips_encalg))
			break;
#endif

		ipsp->ips_comp_adapt_tries = 0;
		ipsp->ips_comp_adapt_skip = 0;
		ipsp->ips_comp_ratio_cbytes = 0;
		ipsp->ips_comp_ratio_dbytes = 0;
		break;
#endif          /* CONFIG_KLIPS_IPCOMP */
	default:
		printk(KERN_ERR "KLIPS sa initialization: "
		       "proto=%d unknown.\n",
		       ipsp->ips_said.proto);
		SENDERR(EINVAL);
	}

errlab:
	return error;
}
void
openvpn_encrypt (struct buffer *buf, struct buffer work,
		 const struct crypto_options *opt,
		 const struct frame* frame)
{
  struct gc_arena gc;
  gc_init (&gc);

  if (buf->len > 0 && opt->key_ctx_bi)
    {
      struct key_ctx *ctx = &opt->key_ctx_bi->encrypt;

      /* Do Encrypt from buf -> work */
      if (ctx->cipher)
	{
	  uint8_t iv_buf[OPENVPN_MAX_IV_LENGTH];
	  const int iv_size = cipher_ctx_iv_length (ctx->cipher);
	  const cipher_kt_t *cipher_kt = cipher_ctx_get_cipher_kt (ctx->cipher);
	  int outlen;

	  if (cipher_kt_mode_cbc(cipher_kt))
	    {
	      CLEAR (iv_buf);

	      /* generate pseudo-random IV */
	      if (opt->flags & CO_USE_IV)
		prng_bytes (iv_buf, iv_size);

	      /* Put packet ID in plaintext buffer or IV, depending on cipher mode */
	      if (opt->packet_id)
		{
		  struct packet_id_net pin;
		  packet_id_alloc_outgoing (&opt->packet_id->send, &pin, BOOL_CAST (opt->flags & CO_PACKET_ID_LONG_FORM));
		  ASSERT (packet_id_write (&pin, buf, BOOL_CAST (opt->flags & CO_PACKET_ID_LONG_FORM), true));
		}
	    }
	  else if (cipher_kt_mode_ofb_cfb(cipher_kt))
	    {
	      struct packet_id_net pin;
	      struct buffer b;

	      ASSERT (opt->flags & CO_USE_IV);    /* IV and packet-ID required */
	      ASSERT (opt->packet_id); /*  for this mode. */

	      packet_id_alloc_outgoing (&opt->packet_id->send, &pin, true);
	      memset (iv_buf, 0, iv_size);
	      buf_set_write (&b, iv_buf, iv_size);
	      ASSERT (packet_id_write (&pin, &b, true, false));
	    }
	  else /* We only support CBC, CFB, or OFB modes right now */
	    {
	      ASSERT (0);
	    }

	  /* initialize work buffer with FRAME_HEADROOM bytes of prepend capacity */
	  ASSERT (buf_init (&work, FRAME_HEADROOM (frame)));

	  /* set the IV pseudo-randomly */
	  if (opt->flags & CO_USE_IV)
	    dmsg (D_PACKET_CONTENT, "ENCRYPT IV: %s", format_hex (iv_buf, iv_size, 0, &gc));

	  dmsg (D_PACKET_CONTENT, "ENCRYPT FROM: %s",
	       format_hex (BPTR (buf), BLEN (buf), 80, &gc));

	  /* cipher_ctx was already initialized with key & keylen */
	  ASSERT (cipher_ctx_reset(ctx->cipher, iv_buf));

	  /* Buffer overflow check */
	  if (!buf_safe (&work, buf->len + cipher_ctx_block_size(ctx->cipher)))
	    {
	      msg (D_CRYPT_ERRORS, "ENCRYPT: buffer size error, bc=%d bo=%d bl=%d wc=%d wo=%d wl=%d cbs=%d",
		   buf->capacity,
		   buf->offset,
		   buf->len,
		   work.capacity,
		   work.offset,
		   work.len,
		   cipher_ctx_block_size (ctx->cipher));
	      goto err;
	    }

	  /* Encrypt packet ID, payload */
	  ASSERT (cipher_ctx_update (ctx->cipher, BPTR (&work), &outlen, BPTR (buf), BLEN (buf)));
	  ASSERT (buf_inc_len(&work, outlen));

	  /* Flush the encryption buffer */
	  ASSERT (cipher_ctx_final(ctx->cipher, BPTR (&work) + outlen, &outlen));
	  ASSERT (buf_inc_len(&work, outlen));

	  /* For all CBC mode ciphers, check the last block is complete */
	  ASSERT (cipher_kt_mode (cipher_kt) != OPENVPN_MODE_CBC ||
	      outlen == iv_size);

	  /* prepend the IV to the ciphertext */
	  if (opt->flags & CO_USE_IV)
	    {
	      uint8_t *output = buf_prepend (&work, iv_size);
	      ASSERT (output);
	      memcpy (output, iv_buf, iv_size);
	    }

	  dmsg (D_PACKET_CONTENT, "ENCRYPT TO: %s",
	       format_hex (BPTR (&work), BLEN (&work), 80, &gc));
	}
      else				/* No Encryption */
	{
	  if (opt->packet_id)
	    {
	      struct packet_id_net pin;
	      packet_id_alloc_outgoing (&opt->packet_id->send, &pin, BOOL_CAST (opt->flags & CO_PACKET_ID_LONG_FORM));
	      ASSERT (packet_id_write (&pin, buf, BOOL_CAST (opt->flags & CO_PACKET_ID_LONG_FORM), true));
	    }
	  work = *buf;
	}

      /* HMAC the ciphertext (or plaintext if !cipher) */
      if (ctx->hmac)
	{
	  uint8_t *output = NULL;

	  hmac_ctx_reset (ctx->hmac);
	  hmac_ctx_update (ctx->hmac, BPTR(&work), BLEN(&work));
	  output = buf_prepend (&work, hmac_ctx_size(ctx->hmac));
	  ASSERT (output);
	  hmac_ctx_final (ctx->hmac, output);
	}

      *buf = work;
    }

  gc_free (&gc);
  return;

err:
  crypto_clear_error();
  buf->len = 0;
  gc_free (&gc);
  return;
}