// Find the first Assignment with loc on the LHS
Assignment *
StatementList::findOnLeft(Exp *loc) const
{
	for (const auto &s : slist) {
		auto as = (Assignment *)s;
		Exp *left = as->getLeft();
		if (*left == *loc)
			return as;
		if (left->isLocal()) {
			auto l = (Location *)left;
			Exp *e = l->getProc()->expFromSymbol(((Const *)l->getSubExp1())->getStr());
			if (e && ((*e == *loc) || (e->isSubscript() && *e->getSubExp1() == *loc))) {
				return as;
			}
		}
	}
	return nullptr;
}
Exemple #2
0
Exp *GenericExpTransformer::applyTo(Exp *e, bool &bMod)
{
	bool change;
	Exp *bindings = e->match(match);
	if (bindings == NULL) {
#if 0
		if (e->getOper() == match->getOper())
			LOG << "match failed: " << e << " with " << match << "\n";
#endif
		return e;
	}

	if (where) {
		Exp *cond = where->clone();
		if (checkCond(cond, bindings) == false)
			return e;
	}

	LOG << "applying generic exp transformer match: " << match;
	if (where)
		LOG << " where: " << where;
	LOG << " become: " << become;
	LOG << " to: " << e;
	LOG << " bindings: " << bindings << "\n";

	e = become->clone();
	for (Exp *l = bindings; l->getOper() != opNil; l = l->getSubExp2())
		e = e->searchReplaceAll(l->getSubExp1()->getSubExp1(),
		                        l->getSubExp1()->getSubExp2(),
		                        change);

	LOG << "calculated result: " << e << "\n";
	bMod = true;

	Exp *r;
	if (e->search(new Unary(opVar, new Terminal(opWild)), r)) {
		LOG << "error: variable " << r << " in result!\n";
		assert(false);
	}

	return e;
}
Exp *ExpTransformer::applyAllTo(Exp *p, bool &bMod)
{
	for (std::list<Exp*>::iterator it = cache.begin(); it != cache.end(); it++)
		if (*(*it)->getSubExp1() == *p)
			return (*it)->getSubExp2()->clone();

	Exp *e = p->clone();
	Exp *subs[3];
	subs[0] = e->getSubExp1();
	subs[1] = e->getSubExp2();
	subs[2] = e->getSubExp3();

	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
		if (subs[i]) {
			bool mod = false;
			subs[i] = applyAllTo(subs[i], mod);
			if (mod && i == 0)
				e->setSubExp1(subs[i]);
			if (mod && i == 1)
				e->setSubExp2(subs[i]);
			if (mod && i == 2)
				e->setSubExp3(subs[i]);
			bMod |= mod;
//			if (mod) i--;
		}

#if 0
	LOG << "applyAllTo called on " << e << "\n";
#endif
	bool mod;
	//do {
		mod = false;
		for (std::list<ExpTransformer *>::iterator it = transformers.begin(); it != transformers.end(); it++) {
			e = (*it)->applyTo(e, mod);
			bMod |= mod;
		}
	//} while (mod);

	cache.push_back(new Binary(opEquals, p->clone(), e->clone()));
	return e;
}
Exemple #4
0
// Find the first Assignment with loc on the LHS
Assignment* StatementList::findOnLeft(Exp* loc)
{
    if (slist.size() == 0)
        return NULL;
    for (iterator it = slist.begin(); it != slist.end(); it++)
        {
            Exp *left = ((Assignment*)*it)->getLeft();
            if (*left == *loc)
                return (Assignment*)*it;
            if (left->isLocal())
                {
                    Location *l = (Location*)left;
                    Exp *e = l->getProc()->expFromSymbol(((Const*)l->getSubExp1())->getStr());
                    if (e && ((*e == *loc) || (e->isSubscript() && *e->getSubExp1() == *loc)))
                        {
                            return (Assignment*)*it;
                        }
                }
        }
    return NULL;
}
Exemple #5
0
bool GenericExpTransformer::checkCond(Exp *cond, Exp *bindings)
{
	switch (cond->getOper()) {
	case opAnd:
		return checkCond(cond->getSubExp1(), bindings)
		    && checkCond(cond->getSubExp2(), bindings);
	case opEquals:
		{
			Exp *lhs = cond->getSubExp1(), *rhs = cond->getSubExp2();
			for (Exp *l = bindings; l->getOper() != opNil; l = l->getSubExp2()) {
				Exp *e = l->getSubExp1();
				bool change = false;
				lhs = lhs->searchReplaceAll(e->getSubExp1()->clone(), e->getSubExp2()->clone(), change);
#if 0
				if (change)
					LOG << "replaced " << e->getSubExp1() << " with " << e->getSubExp2() << "\n";
#endif
				change = false;
				rhs = rhs->searchReplaceAll(e->getSubExp1()->clone(), e->getSubExp2()->clone(), change);
#if 0
				if (change)
					LOG << "replaced " << e->getSubExp1() << " with " << e->getSubExp2() << "\n";
#endif
			}
			if (lhs->getOper() == opTypeOf) {
#if 0 // ADHOC TA
				Type *ty = lhs->getSubExp1()->getType();
#else
				Type *ty = NULL;
#endif
				if (ty == NULL) {
#if 0
					if (VERBOSE)
						LOG << "no type for typeof " << lhs << "\n";
#endif
					return false;
				}
				lhs = new TypeVal(ty);
#if 0
				LOG << "got typeval: " << lhs << "\n";
#endif
			}
			if (lhs->getOper() == opKindOf) {
				OPER op = lhs->getSubExp1()->getOper();
				lhs = new Const(operStrings[op]);
			}
			rhs = applyFuncs(rhs);

#if 0
			LOG << "check equals in cond: " << lhs << " == " << rhs << "\n";
#endif

			if (lhs->getOper() == opVar) {
				Exp *le;
				for (le = bindings; le->getOper() != opNil && le->getSubExp2()->getOper() != opNil; le = le->getSubExp2())
					;
				assert(le->getOper() != opNil);
				le->setSubExp2(new Binary(opList, new Binary(opEquals, lhs->clone(), rhs->clone()), new Terminal(opNil)));
#if 0
				LOG << "bindings now: " << bindings << "\n";
#endif
				return true;
			}

			if (*lhs == *rhs)
				return true;

#if 0 // ADHOC TA
			if (lhs->getOper() == opTypeVal
			 && rhs->getOper() == opTypeVal
			 && lhs->getType()->resolvesToCompound()
			 && rhs->getType()->isCompound())
				return true;
#endif

			Exp *new_bindings = lhs->match(rhs);
			if (new_bindings == NULL)
				return false;

#if 0
			LOG << "matched lhs with rhs, bindings: " << new_bindings << "\n";
#endif

			Exp *le;
			for (le = bindings; le->getOper() != opNil && le->getSubExp2()->getOper() != opNil; le = le->getSubExp2())
				;
			assert(le->getOper() != opNil);
			le->setSubExp2(new_bindings);

#if 0
			LOG << "bindings now: " << bindings << "\n";
#endif

			return true;
		}
	default:
		LOG << "don't know how to handle oper "
		    << operStrings[cond->getOper()] << " in cond.\n";
	}
	return false;
}
Exemple #6
0
bool DataFlow::renameBlockVars(UserProc* proc, int n, bool clearStacks /* = false */ ) {
	if (++progress > 200) {
		std::cerr << 'r' << std::flush;
		progress = 0;
	}
	bool changed = false;

	// Need to clear the Stacks of old, renamed locations like m[esp-4] (these will be deleted, and will cause compare
	// failures in the Stacks, so it can't be correctly ordered and hence balanced etc, and will lead to segfaults)
	if (clearStacks) Stacks.clear();

	// For each statement S in block n
	BasicBlock::rtlit rit; StatementList::iterator sit;
	PBB bb = BBs[n];
	Statement* S;
	for (S = bb->getFirstStmt(rit, sit); S; S = bb->getNextStmt(rit, sit)) {
		// if S is not a phi function (per Appel)
		/* if (!S->isPhi()) */ {
			// For each use of some variable x in S (not just assignments)
			LocationSet locs;
			if (S->isPhi()) {
				PhiAssign* pa = (PhiAssign*)S;
				Exp* phiLeft = pa->getLeft();
				if (phiLeft->isMemOf() || phiLeft->isRegOf())
					phiLeft->getSubExp1()->addUsedLocs(locs);
				// A phi statement may use a location defined in a childless call, in which case its use collector
				// needs updating
				PhiAssign::iterator pp;
				for (pp = pa->begin(); pp != pa->end(); ++pp) {
					Statement* def = pp->def;
					if (def && def->isCall())
						((CallStatement*)def)->useBeforeDefine(phiLeft->clone());
				}
			}
			else {				// Not a phi assignment
				S->addUsedLocs(locs);
			}
			LocationSet::iterator xx;
			for (xx = locs.begin(); xx != locs.end(); xx++) {
				Exp* x = *xx;
				// Don't rename memOfs that are not renamable according to the current policy
				if (!canRename(x, proc)) continue;
				Statement* def = NULL;
				if (x->isSubscript()) {					// Already subscripted?
					// No renaming required, but redo the usage analysis, in case this is a new return, and also because
					// we may have just removed all call livenesses
					// Update use information in calls, and in the proc (for parameters)
					Exp* base = ((RefExp*)x)->getSubExp1();
					def = ((RefExp*)x)->getDef();
					if (def && def->isCall()) {
						// Calls have UseCollectors for locations that are used before definition at the call
						((CallStatement*)def)->useBeforeDefine(base->clone());
						continue;
					}
					// Update use collector in the proc (for parameters)
					if (def == NULL)
						proc->useBeforeDefine(base->clone());
					continue;							// Don't re-rename the renamed variable
				}
				// Else x is not subscripted yet
				if (STACKS_EMPTY(x)) {
					if (!Stacks[defineAll].empty())
						def = Stacks[defineAll].top();
					else {
						// If the both stacks are empty, use a NULL definition. This will be changed into a pointer
						// to an implicit definition at the start of type analysis, but not until all the m[...]
						// have stopped changing their expressions (complicates implicit assignments considerably).
						def = NULL;
						// Update the collector at the start of the UserProc
						proc->useBeforeDefine(x->clone());
					}
				}
				else
					def = Stacks[x].top();
				if (def && def->isCall())
					// Calls have UseCollectors for locations that are used before definition at the call
					((CallStatement*)def)->useBeforeDefine(x->clone());
				// Replace the use of x with x{def} in S
				changed = true;
				if (S->isPhi()) {
					Exp* phiLeft = ((PhiAssign*)S)->getLeft();
					phiLeft->setSubExp1(phiLeft->getSubExp1()->expSubscriptVar(x, def /*, this*/));
				} else {
					S->subscriptVar(x, def /*, this */);
				}
			}
		}

		// MVE: Check for Call and Return Statements; these have DefCollector objects that need to be updated
		// Do before the below, so CallStatements have not yet processed their defines
		if (S->isCall() || S->isReturn()) {
			DefCollector* col;
			if (S->isCall())
				col = ((CallStatement*)S)->getDefCollector();
			else
				col = ((ReturnStatement*)S)->getCollector();
			col->updateDefs(Stacks, proc);
		}

		// For each definition of some variable a in S
		LocationSet defs;
		S->getDefinitions(defs);
		LocationSet::iterator dd;
		for (dd = defs.begin(); dd != defs.end(); dd++) {
			Exp* a = *dd;
			// Don't consider a if it cannot be renamed
			bool suitable = canRename(a, proc);
			if (suitable) {
				// Push i onto Stacks[a]
				// Note: we clone a because otherwise it could be an expression that gets deleted through various
				// modifications. This is necessary because we do several passes of this algorithm to sort out the
				// memory expressions
				Stacks[a->clone()].push(S);
				// Replace definition of a with definition of a_i in S (we don't do this)
			}
			// FIXME: MVE: do we need this awful hack?
			if (a->getOper() == opLocal) {
				Exp *a1 = S->getProc()->expFromSymbol(((Const*)a->getSubExp1())->getStr());
				assert(a1);
				a = a1;
				// Stacks already has a definition for a (as just the bare local)
				if (suitable) {
					Stacks[a->clone()].push(S);
				}
			}
		}
		// Special processing for define-alls (presently, only childless calls).
// But note that only everythings at the current memory level are defined!
		if (S->isCall() && ((CallStatement*)S)->isChildless() && !Boomerang::get()->assumeABI) {
			// S is a childless call (and we're not assuming ABI compliance)
			Stacks[defineAll];										// Ensure that there is an entry for defineAll
			std::map<Exp*, std::stack<Statement*>, lessExpStar>::iterator dd;
			for (dd = Stacks.begin(); dd != Stacks.end(); ++dd) {
// if (dd->first->isMemDepth(memDepth))
					dd->second.push(S);								// Add a definition for all vars
			}
		}
	}

	// For each successor Y of block n
	std::vector<PBB>& outEdges = bb->getOutEdges();
	unsigned numSucc = outEdges.size();
	for (unsigned succ = 0; succ < numSucc; succ++) {
		PBB Ybb = outEdges[succ];
		// Suppose n is the jth predecessor of Y
		int j = Ybb->whichPred(bb);
		// For each phi-function in Y
		Statement* S;
		for (S = Ybb->getFirstStmt(rit, sit); S; S = Ybb->getNextStmt(rit, sit)) {
			PhiAssign* pa = dynamic_cast<PhiAssign*>(S);
			// if S is not a phi function, then quit the loop (no more phi's)
			// Wrong: do not quit the loop: there's an optimisation that turns a PhiAssign into an ordinary Assign.
			// So continue, not break.
			if (!pa) continue;
			// Suppose the jth operand of the phi is a
			// For now, just get the LHS
			Exp* a = pa->getLeft();
			// Only consider variables that can be renamed
			if (!canRename(a, proc)) continue;
			Statement* def;
			if (STACKS_EMPTY(a))
				def = NULL;				// No reaching definition
			else
				def = Stacks[a].top();
			// "Replace jth operand with a_i"
			pa->putAt(j, def, a);
		}
	}

	// For each child X of n
	// Note: linear search!
	unsigned numBB = proc->getCFG()->getNumBBs();
	for (unsigned X=0; X < numBB; X++) {
		if (idom[X] == n)
			renameBlockVars(proc, X);
	}

	// For each statement S in block n
	// NOTE: Because of the need to pop childless calls from the Stacks, it is important in my algorithm to process the
	// statments in the BB *backwards*. (It is not important in Appel's algorithm, since he always pushes a definition
	// for every variable defined on the Stacks).
	BasicBlock::rtlrit rrit; StatementList::reverse_iterator srit;
	for (S = bb->getLastStmt(rrit, srit); S; S = bb->getPrevStmt(rrit, srit)) {
		// For each definition of some variable a in S
		LocationSet defs;
		S->getDefinitions(defs);
		LocationSet::iterator dd;
		for (dd = defs.begin(); dd != defs.end(); dd++) {
			if (canRename(*dd, proc)) {
				// if ((*dd)->getMemDepth() == memDepth)
				std::map<Exp*, std::stack<Statement*>, lessExpStar>::iterator ss = Stacks.find(*dd);
				if (ss == Stacks.end()) {
					std::cerr << "Tried to pop " << *dd << " from Stacks; does not exist\n";
 					assert(0);
				}
					ss->second.pop();
			}
		}
		// Pop all defs due to childless calls
		if (S->isCall() && ((CallStatement*)S)->isChildless()) {
			std::map<Exp*, std::stack<Statement*>, lessExpStar>::iterator sss;
			for (sss = Stacks.begin(); sss != Stacks.end(); ++sss) {
				if (!sss->second.empty() && sss->second.top() == S) {
					sss->second.pop();
				}
			}
		}
	}
	return changed;
}
Exemple #7
0
std::list<Statement *> *RTLInstDict::transformPostVars(std::list<Statement *> *rts, bool optimise)
{
    std::list<Statement *>::iterator rt;

    // Map from var (could be any expression really) to details
    std::map<Exp *, transPost, lessExpStar> vars;
    int tmpcount = 1;  // For making temp names unique
    // Exp *matchParam(1, idParam);  // ? Was never used anyway

#ifdef DEBUG_POSTVAR
    std::cout << "Transforming from:\n";
    for (Exp_CIT p = rts->begin(); p != rts->end(); p++) {
        std::cout << setw(8) << " ";
        (*p)->print(std::cout);
        std::cout << "\n";
    }
#endif

    // First pass: Scan for post-variables and usages of their referents
    for (rt = rts->begin(); rt != rts->end(); rt++) {
        // ss appears to be a list of expressions to be searched
        // It is either the LHS and RHS of an assignment, or it's the parameters of a flag call
        Binary *ss;
        if ((*rt)->isAssign()) {
            Exp *lhs = ((Assign *)*rt)->getLeft();
            Exp *rhs = ((Assign *)*rt)->getRight();

            // Look for assignments to post-variables
            if (lhs && lhs->isPostVar()) {
                if (vars.find(lhs) == vars.end()) {
                    // Add a record in the map for this postvar
                    transPost &el = vars[lhs];
                    el.used = false;
                    el.type = ((Assign *)*rt)->getType();

                    // Constuct a temporary. We should probably be smarter and actually check that it's not otherwise
                    // used here.
                    std::string tmpname = el.type->getTempName() + (tmpcount++) + "post" ;
                    el.tmp = Location::tempOf(new Const(tmpname.c_str()));

                    // Keep a copy of the referrent. For example, if the lhs is r[0]', base is r[0]
                    el.base = lhs->getSubExp1();
                    el.post = lhs;  // The whole post-var, e.g. r[0]'
                    el.isNew = true;

                    // The emulator generator sets optimise false
                    // I think this forces always generating the temps (MVE)
                    if (!optimise) {
                        el.used = true;
                        el.isNew = false;
                    }

                }
            }
            // For an assignment, the two expressions to search are the left and right hand sides (could just put the
            // whole assignment on, I suppose)
            ss = new Binary(opList,
                            lhs->clone(),
                            new Binary(opList,
                                       rhs->clone(),
                                       new Terminal(opNil)));
        } else if ((*rt)->isFlagAssgn()) {
            // An opFlagCall is assumed to be a Binary with a string and an opList of parameters
            ss = (Binary *)((Binary *)*rt)->getSubExp2();
        } else
            ss = NULL;

        /* Look for usages of post-variables' referents
         * Trickier than you'd think, as we need to make sure to skip over the post-variables themselves. ie match
         * r[0] but not r[0]'
         * Note: back with SemStrs, we could use a match expression which was a wildcard prepended to the base
         * expression; this would match either the base (r[0]) or the post-var (r[0]').
         * Can't really use this with Exps, so we search twice; once for the base, and once for the post, and if we
         * get more with the former, then we have a use of the base (consider r[0] + r[0]')
         */
        for (std::map<Exp *, transPost, lessExpStar>::iterator sr = vars.begin(); sr != vars.end(); sr++) {
            if (sr->second.isNew) {
                // Make sure we don't match a var in its defining statement
                sr->second.isNew = false;
                continue;
            }
            Binary *cur;
            for (cur = ss; !cur->isNil(); cur = (Binary *)cur->getSubExp2()) {
                if (sr->second.used)
                    break;  // Don't bother; already know it's used
                Exp *s = cur->getSubExp1();
                if (!s) continue;
                if (*s == *sr->second.base) {
                    sr->second.used = true;
                    break;
                }
                std::list<Exp *> res1, res2;
                s->searchAll(sr->second.base, res1);
                s->searchAll(sr->second.post, res2);
                // Each match of a post will also match the base.
                // But if there is a bare (non-post) use of the base, there will be a result in res1 that is not in res2
                if (res1.size() > res2.size())
                    sr->second.used = true;
            }
        }
    }

    // Second pass: Replace post-variables with temporaries where needed
    for (rt = rts->begin(); rt != rts->end(); rt++) {
        for (std::map<Exp *, transPost, lessExpStar>::iterator sr = vars.begin(); sr != vars.end(); sr++) {
            if (sr->second.used) {
                (*rt)->searchAndReplace(sr->first, sr->second.tmp);
            } else {
                (*rt)->searchAndReplace(sr->first, sr->second.base);
            }
        }
    }

    // Finally: Append assignments where needed from temps to base vars
    // Example: esp' = esp-4; m[esp'] = modrm; FLAG(esp)
    // all the esp' are replaced with say tmp1, you need a "esp = tmp1" at the end to actually make the change
    for (std::map<Exp *, transPost, lessExpStar>::iterator sr = vars.begin(); sr != vars.end(); sr++) {
        if (sr->second.used) {
            Assign *te = new Assign(sr->second.type,
                                    sr->second.base->clone(),
                                    sr->second.tmp);
            rts->push_back(te);
        } else {
            // The temp is either used (uncloned) in the assignment, or is deleted here
            //delete sr->second.tmp;
        }
    }

#ifdef DEBUG_POSTVAR
    std::cout << "\nTo =>\n";
    for (std::list<Exp *>::iterator p = rts->begin(); p != rts->end(); p++) {
        std::cout << setw(8) << " ";
        (*p)->print(std::cout);
        std::cout << "\n";
    }
    std::cout << "\n";
#endif

    return rts;
}
/*==============================================================================
 * FUNCTION:	  FrontEnd::processProc
 * OVERVIEW:	  Process a procedure, given a native (source machine) address.
 * PARAMETERS:	  address - the address at which the procedure starts
 *				  pProc - the procedure object
 *				  frag - if true, this is just a fragment of a procedure
 *				  spec - if true, this is a speculative decode
 *				  os - the output stream for .rtl output
 * NOTE:		  This is a sort of generic front end. For many processors, this will be overridden
 *					in the FrontEnd derived class, sometimes calling this function to do most of the work
 * RETURNS:		  true for a good decode (no illegal instructions)
 *============================================================================*/
bool FrontEnd::processProc(ADDRESS uAddr, UserProc* pProc, std::ofstream &os, bool frag /* = false */,
		bool spec /* = false */) {
	PBB pBB;					// Pointer to the current basic block
	std::cout<<"Entering Processing Proc\n"; 
	// just in case you missed it
	first_line = true;
	if (AssProgram)
		std::cout <<"Name Of Program : " << AssProgram->name << std::endl;
	Boomerang::get()->alert_new(pProc);
	 
	// We have a set of CallStatement pointers. These may be disregarded if this is a speculative decode
	// that fails (i.e. an illegal instruction is found). If not, this set will be used to add to the set of calls
	// to be analysed in the cfg, and also to call newProc()
	std::list<CallStatement*> callList;

	// Indicates whether or not the next instruction to be decoded is the lexical successor of the current one.
	// Will be true for all NCTs and for CTIs with a fall through branch.
	bool sequentialDecode = true;

	Cfg* pCfg = pProc->getCFG();

	// If this is a speculative decode, the second time we decode the same address, we get no cfg. Else an error.
	if (spec && (pCfg == 0))
		return false;
	assert(pCfg);

	// Initialise the queue of control flow targets that have yet to be decoded.
	targetQueue.initial(uAddr);

	// Clear the pointer used by the caller prologue code to access the last call rtl of this procedure
	//decoder.resetLastCall();

	// ADDRESS initAddr = uAddr;
	int nTotalBytes = 0;
	ADDRESS startAddr = uAddr;
	ADDRESS lastAddr = uAddr;
	ADDRESS address = uAddr;
	std::cout << "Start at address = " << uAddr << std::endl; 
	//------IMPORTANT------------------------------------------------------------------------
	list<AssemblyLabel*>::iterator lbi;
	list<AssemblyLine*>* temp_lines = new list<AssemblyLine*>();
	
	if (AssProgram){
		for(lbi = AssProgram->labelList->begin(); lbi != AssProgram->labelList->end(); ++lbi ){
			if((*lbi)->address == uAddr){
				temp_lines = (*lbi)->lineList;
				std::cout << "***DECODE LABEL: " << (*lbi)->name << std::endl;
				std::cout << "***AT ADDRESS: " << (*lbi)->address << std::endl;
				std::cout << "***NUMBER OF INSTRUCTION: " << (*lbi)->lineList->size() << std::endl;
				break;
			}
		}
	}
	
	list<AssemblyLine*>::iterator li;
	if (temp_lines->size()>0)
		li = temp_lines->begin();
	
	//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	while ((uAddr = targetQueue.nextAddress(pCfg)) != NO_ADDRESS) {
		// The list of RTLs for the current basic block
		std::list<RTL*>* BB_rtls = new std::list<RTL*>();

		// Keep decoding sequentially until a CTI without a fall through branch is decoded
		//ADDRESS start = uAddr;
		DecodeResult inst;
		while (sequentialDecode) {

			// Decode and classify the current source instruction
			if (Boomerang::get()->traceDecoder)
				LOG << "*" << uAddr << "\t";

			// Decode the inst at uAddr.
			
			if(ASS_FILE){
				if(li != temp_lines->end()){

					inst = decodeAssemblyInstruction(uAddr,"assemblySets.at(line)", (*li));
				}
			}
			else
				inst = decodeInstruction(uAddr);
			
			// If invalid and we are speculating, just exit
			if (spec && !inst.valid)
				return false;

			// Need to construct a new list of RTLs if a basic block has just been finished but decoding is
			// continuing from its lexical successor
			if (BB_rtls == NULL)
				BB_rtls = new std::list<RTL*>();

			RTL* pRtl = inst.rtl;
			if (inst.valid == false) {
				
				// Alert the watchers to the problem
				Boomerang::get()->alert_baddecode(uAddr);

				// An invalid instruction. Most likely because a call did not return (e.g. call _exit()), etc.
				// Best thing is to emit a INVALID BB, and continue with valid instructions
				if (VERBOSE) {
					LOG << "Warning: invalid instruction at " << uAddr << ": ";
					// Emit the next 4 bytes for debugging
					for (int ii=0; ii < 4; ii++)
						LOG << (unsigned)(pBF->readNative1(uAddr + ii) & 0xFF) << " ";
					LOG << "\n";
				}
				// Emit the RTL anyway, so we have the address and maybe some other clues
				BB_rtls->push_back(new RTL(uAddr));	 
				pBB = pCfg->newBB(BB_rtls, INVALID, 0);
				sequentialDecode = false; BB_rtls = NULL; continue;
			}
            //pProc->unionDefine = new list<UnionDefine*>();
            pProc->bitVar = AssProgram->bitVar;
            pProc->replacement = AssProgram->replacement;
			// alert the watchers that we have decoded an instruction
			Boomerang::get()->alert_decode(uAddr, inst.numBytes);
			nTotalBytes += inst.numBytes;			
			
			// Check if this is an already decoded jump instruction (from a previous pass with propagation etc)
			// If so, we throw away the just decoded RTL (but we still may have needed to calculate the number
			// of bytes.. ick.)
			std::map<ADDRESS, RTL*>::iterator ff = previouslyDecoded.find(uAddr);
			if (ff != previouslyDecoded.end())
				pRtl = ff->second;

			if (pRtl == NULL) {
				// This can happen if an instruction is "cancelled", e.g. call to __main in a hppa program
				// Just ignore the whole instruction
				if (inst.numBytes > 0)
					uAddr += inst.numBytes;
				continue;
			}
			
			// Display RTL representation if asked
                std::cout<<"RTL: "<<std::endl;
				std::ostringstream st;
				pRtl->print(st);
                std::cout << st.str().c_str()<<std::endl;

	
			ADDRESS uDest;

			// For each Statement in the RTL
			//std::list<Statement*>& sl = pRtl->getList();
			std::list<Statement*> sl = pRtl->getList();
			// Make a copy (!) of the list. This is needed temporarily to work around the following problem.
			// We are currently iterating an RTL, which could be a return instruction. The RTL is passed to
			// createReturnBlock; if this is not the first return statement, it will get cleared, and this will
			// cause problems with the current iteration. The effects seem to be worse for MSVC/Windows.
			// This problem will likely be easier to cope with when the RTLs are removed, and there are special
			// Statements to mark the start of instructions (and their native address).
			// FIXME: However, this workaround breaks logic below where a GOTO is changed to a CALL followed by a return
			// if it points to the start of a known procedure
			std::list<Statement*>::iterator ss;
#if 1
			for (ss = sl.begin(); ss != sl.end(); ss++) { // }
#else
			// The counter is introduced because ss != sl.end() does not work as it should
			// FIXME: why? Does this really fix the problem?
			int counter = sl.size();

			for (ss = sl.begin(); counter > 0; ss++, counter--) {
#endif
				Statement* s = *ss;
				s->setProc(pProc);		// let's do this really early!
				if (refHints.find(pRtl->getAddress()) != refHints.end()) {
					const char *nam = refHints[pRtl->getAddress()].c_str();
					ADDRESS gu = prog->getGlobalAddr((char*)nam);
					if (gu != NO_ADDRESS) {
						s->searchAndReplace(new Const((int)gu), new Unary(opAddrOf, Location::global(nam, pProc)));
					}
				}
				s->simplify();
				GotoStatement* stmt_jump = static_cast<GotoStatement*>(s);

				// Check for a call to an already existing procedure (including self recursive jumps), or to the PLT
				// (note that a LibProc entry for the PLT function may not yet exist)
				ADDRESS dest;
				Proc* proc;
				
				if (s->getKind() == STMT_GOTO) {
					dest = stmt_jump->getFixedDest();
					if (dest != NO_ADDRESS) {
						proc = prog->findProc(dest);
						if (proc == NULL) {
							if(!ASS_FILE){
								if (pBF->IsDynamicLinkedProc(dest))
									proc = prog->setNewProc(dest);
							}
						}
						if (proc != NULL && proc != (Proc*)-1) {
							s = new CallStatement();
							CallStatement *call = static_cast<CallStatement*>(s);
							call->setDest(dest);
							call->setDestProc(proc);
							call->setReturnAfterCall(true);
							// also need to change it in the actual RTL
							std::list<Statement*>::iterator ss1 = ss;
							ss1++;
							assert(ss1 == sl.end());
							pRtl->replaceLastStmt(s);
							*ss = s;
						}
					}
				}

				switch (s->getKind())
				{

				case STMT_GOTO: {
					uDest = stmt_jump->getFixedDest();
	
					// Handle one way jumps and computed jumps separately
					if (uDest != NO_ADDRESS) {

						BB_rtls->push_back(pRtl);
						sequentialDecode = false;

						pBB = pCfg->newBB(BB_rtls,ONEWAY,1);
						BB_rtls = NULL;		// Clear when make new BB

						// Exit the switch now if the basic block already existed
						if (pBB == 0) {
							break;
						}

						// Add the out edge if it is to a destination within the
						// procedure

						if (uDest < pBF->getLimitTextHigh()) {
							targetQueue.visit(pCfg, uDest, pBB);
							pCfg->addOutEdge(pBB, uDest, true);
						}
						else {
							std::cout<<"Entering Processing Proc5\n"; 
							if (!ASS_FILE)
								LOG << "Error: Instruction at " << uAddr << " branches beyond end of section, to "
									<< uDest << "\n";
							else{
								targetQueue.visit(pCfg, uDest, pBB);
								pCfg->addOutEdge(pBB, uDest, true);
							} 

						}
					}
					break;
				}

				case STMT_CASE: {
					Exp* pDest = stmt_jump->getDest();
					if (pDest == NULL) {				// Happens if already analysed (now redecoding)
						// SWITCH_INFO* psi = ((CaseStatement*)stmt_jump)->getSwitchInfo();
						BB_rtls->push_back(pRtl);
						pBB = pCfg->newBB(BB_rtls, NWAY, 0);	// processSwitch will update num outedges
						pBB->processSwitch(pProc);		// decode arms, set out edges, etc
						sequentialDecode = false;		// Don't decode after the jump
						BB_rtls = NULL;					// New RTLList for next BB
						break;							// Just leave it alone
					}
					// Check for indirect calls to library functions, especially in Win32 programs
					if (pDest && pDest->getOper() == opMemOf &&
							pDest->getSubExp1()->getOper() == opIntConst && 
							pBF->IsDynamicLinkedProcPointer(((Const*)pDest->getSubExp1())->getAddr())) {
						if (VERBOSE)
							LOG << "jump to a library function: " << stmt_jump << ", replacing with a call/ret.\n";
						// jump to a library function
						// replace with a call ret
						// TODO: 
						std::string func = pBF->GetDynamicProcName(
							((Const*)stmt_jump->getDest()->getSubExp1())->getAddr());
						//------------------------------------
						CallStatement *call = new CallStatement;
						call->setDest(stmt_jump->getDest()->clone());
						LibProc *lp = pProc->getProg()->getLibraryProc(func.c_str());
						if (lp == NULL)
							LOG << "getLibraryProc returned NULL, aborting\n";
						assert(lp);
						call->setDestProc(lp);
						std::list<Statement*>* stmt_list = new std::list<Statement*>;
						stmt_list->push_back(call);
						BB_rtls->push_back(new RTL(pRtl->getAddress(), stmt_list));
						pBB = pCfg->newBB(BB_rtls, CALL, 1);
						appendSyntheticReturn(pBB, pProc, pRtl);
						sequentialDecode = false;
						BB_rtls = NULL;
						if (pRtl->getAddress() == pProc->getNativeAddress()) {
							// it's a thunk
							// Proc *lp = prog->findProc(func.c_str());
							func = std::string("__imp_") + func;
							pProc->setName(func.c_str());
							//lp->setName(func.c_str());
							Boomerang::get()->alert_update_signature(pProc);
						}
						callList.push_back(call);
						ss = sl.end(); ss--;	// get out of the loop
						break;
					}
					BB_rtls->push_back(pRtl);
					// We create the BB as a COMPJUMP type, then change to an NWAY if it turns out to be a switch stmt
					pBB = pCfg->newBB(BB_rtls, COMPJUMP, 0);
					LOG << "COMPUTED JUMP at " << uAddr << ", pDest = " << pDest << "\n";
					if (Boomerang::get()->noDecompile) {
						// try some hacks
						if (pDest->isMemOf() && pDest->getSubExp1()->getOper() == opPlus &&
								pDest->getSubExp1()->getSubExp2()->isIntConst()) {
							// assume subExp2 is a jump table
							ADDRESS jmptbl = ((Const*)pDest->getSubExp1()->getSubExp2())->getInt();
							unsigned int i;
							for (i = 0; ; i++) {
								ADDRESS uDest = pBF->readNative4(jmptbl + i * 4);
								if (pBF->getLimitTextLow() <= uDest && uDest < pBF->getLimitTextHigh()) {
									LOG << "  guessed uDest " << uDest << "\n";
									targetQueue.visit(pCfg, uDest, pBB);
									pCfg->addOutEdge(pBB, uDest, true);
								} else
									break;
							}
							pBB->updateType(NWAY, i);
						}
					}
					sequentialDecode = false;
					BB_rtls = NULL;		// New RTLList for next BB
					break;
				}


				case STMT_BRANCH: {
					uDest = stmt_jump->getFixedDest();
					BB_rtls->push_back(pRtl);
					pBB = pCfg->newBB(BB_rtls, TWOWAY, 2);

					// Stop decoding sequentially if the basic block already existed otherwise complete the basic block
					if (pBB == 0)
						sequentialDecode = false;
					else {

						// Add the out edge if it is to a destination within the procedure
						if (!ASS_FILE){
							if (uDest < pBF->getLimitTextHigh()) {
								targetQueue.visit(pCfg, uDest, pBB);
								pCfg->addOutEdge(pBB, uDest, true);
							}
							else
								LOG << "Error: Instruction at " << uAddr << " branches beyond end of section, to "
									<< uDest << "\n";
						}
						else {
								targetQueue.visit(pCfg, uDest, pBB);
								pCfg->addOutEdge(pBB, uDest, true);
						}

						// Add the fall-through outedge
						pCfg->addOutEdge(pBB, uAddr + inst.numBytes); 
					}

					// Create the list of RTLs for the next basic block and continue with the next instruction.
					BB_rtls = NULL;
					break;
				}

				case STMT_CALL: {
					CallStatement* call = static_cast<CallStatement*>(s);
					
					// Check for a dynamic linked library function
					// TODO: solution dont use pBF
					if (!ASS_FILE){ 
						if (call->getDest()->getOper() == opMemOf &&
								call->getDest()->getSubExp1()->getOper() == opIntConst &&
								pBF->IsDynamicLinkedProcPointer(((Const*)call->getDest()->getSubExp1())->getAddr())) {
							// Dynamic linked proc pointers are treated as static.
							const char *nam = pBF->GetDynamicProcName( ((Const*)call->getDest()->getSubExp1())->getAddr());
							Proc *p = pProc->getProg()->getLibraryProc(nam);
							call->setDestProc(p);
							call->setIsComputed(false);
						}
					}
					else {
						if (call->getDest()->getOper() == opMemOf &&
								call->getDest()->getSubExp1()->getOper() == opIntConst &&
								funcsType.find(((Const*)call->getDest()->getSubExp1())->getAddr())->second) {
							// Dynamic linked proc pointers are treated as static.
							const char *nam = namesList.find(((Const*)call->getDest()->getSubExp1())->getAddr())->second;
							Proc *p = pProc->getProg()->getLibraryProc(nam);
							call->setDestProc(p);
							call->setIsComputed(false);
						}
					}

					// Is the called function a thunk calling a library function?
					// A "thunk" is a function which only consists of: "GOTO library_function"
					// Should i modify
					if (!ASS_FILE){
						if(	call &&	call->getFixedDest() != NO_ADDRESS ) {
							// Get the address of the called function.
							ADDRESS callAddr=call->getFixedDest();
							// It should not be in the PLT either, but getLimitTextHigh() takes this into account
							if (callAddr < pBF->getLimitTextHigh()) {
								// Decode it.
								DecodeResult decoded=decodeInstruction(callAddr);
								if (decoded.valid) { // is the instruction decoded succesfully?
									// Yes, it is. Create a Statement from it.
									RTL *rtl = decoded.rtl;
									Statement* first_statement = *rtl->getList().begin();
									if (first_statement) {
										first_statement->setProc(pProc);
										first_statement->simplify();
										GotoStatement* stmt_jump = static_cast<GotoStatement*>(first_statement);
										// In fact it's a computed (looked up) jump, so the jump seems to be a case
										// statement.
										//TODO : We dont handle this case
										if ( first_statement->getKind() == STMT_CASE &&
											stmt_jump->getDest()->getOper() == opMemOf &&
											stmt_jump->getDest()->getSubExp1()->getOper() == opIntConst &&
											pBF->IsDynamicLinkedProcPointer(((Const*)stmt_jump->getDest()->getSubExp1())->
												getAddr())) // Is it an "DynamicLinkedProcPointer"?
										{
											// Yes, it's a library function. Look up it's name.
											ADDRESS a = ((Const*)stmt_jump->getDest()->getSubExp1())->getAddr();
											// TODO : We dont handle this case
											const char *nam = pBF->GetDynamicProcName(a);
											// Assign the proc to the call
											Proc *p = pProc->getProg()->getLibraryProc(nam);
											if (call->getDestProc()) {
												// prevent unnecessary __imp procs
												prog->removeProc(call->getDestProc()->getName());
											}
											call->setDestProc(p);
											call->setIsComputed(false);
											call->setDest(Location::memOf(new Const(a)));
										}
									}
								}
							}
						}
					}
					// Treat computed and static calls separately
					if (call->isComputed()) {
						BB_rtls->push_back(pRtl);
						pBB = pCfg->newBB(BB_rtls, COMPCALL, 1);

						// Stop decoding sequentially if the basic block already
						// existed otherwise complete the basic block
						if (pBB == 0)
							sequentialDecode = false;
						else
							pCfg->addOutEdge(pBB, uAddr + inst.numBytes);
						// Add this call to the list of calls to analyse. We won't
						// be able to analyse it's callee(s), of course.
						callList.push_back(call);
					}
					else {		// Static call
						// Find the address of the callee.
						ADDRESS uNewAddr = call->getFixedDest();

						// Calls with 0 offset (i.e. call the next instruction) are simply pushing the PC to the
						// stack. Treat these as non-control flow instructions and continue.
						if (uNewAddr == uAddr + inst.numBytes)
							break;

						// Call the virtual helper function. If implemented, will check for machine specific funcion
						// calls
						if (helperFunc(uNewAddr, uAddr, BB_rtls)) {
							// We have already added to BB_rtls
							pRtl = NULL;		// Discard the call semantics
							break;
						}

						BB_rtls->push_back(pRtl);

						// Add this non computed call site to the set of call sites which need to be analysed later.
						//pCfg->addCall(call);
						callList.push_back(call);

						// Record the called address as the start of a new procedure if it didn't already exist.
						if (uNewAddr && uNewAddr != NO_ADDRESS && pProc->getProg()->findProc(uNewAddr) == NULL) {
							callList.push_back(call);
							//newProc(pProc->getProg(), uNewAddr);
							if (Boomerang::get()->traceDecoder)
								LOG << "p" << uNewAddr << "\t";
						}

 						// Check if this is the _exit or exit function. May prevent us from attempting to decode
						// invalid instructions, and getting invalid stack height errors
						
						const char* name;
						if (!ASS_FILE){
							name = pBF->SymbolByAddress(uNewAddr);
							if (name == NULL && call->getDest()->isMemOf() && 
												call->getDest()->getSubExp1()->isIntConst()) {
								ADDRESS a = ((Const*)call->getDest()->getSubExp1())->getInt();
								if (pBF->IsDynamicLinkedProcPointer(a))
									name = pBF->GetDynamicProcName(a);
							}
						}
						else {
							name = namesList.find(uNewAddr)->second;
						}	
						if (name && noReturnCallDest(name)) {
							// Make sure it has a return appended (so there is only one exit from the function)
							//call->setReturnAfterCall(true);		// I think only the Sparc frontend cares
							// Create the new basic block
							pBB = pCfg->newBB(BB_rtls, CALL, 1);
							appendSyntheticReturn(pBB, pProc, pRtl);

							// Stop decoding sequentially
							sequentialDecode = false;
						}
						else {
							// Create the new basic block
							pBB = pCfg->newBB(BB_rtls, CALL, 1);

							if (call->isReturnAfterCall()) {
								// Constuct the RTLs for the new basic block
								std::list<RTL*>* rtls = new std::list<RTL*>();
								// The only RTL in the basic block is one with a ReturnStatement
								std::list<Statement*>* sl = new std::list<Statement*>;
								sl->push_back(new ReturnStatement());
								rtls->push_back(new RTL(pRtl->getAddress()+1, sl));
		
								BasicBlock* returnBB = pCfg->newBB(rtls, RET, 0);
								// Add out edge from call to return
								pCfg->addOutEdge(pBB, returnBB);
								// Put a label on the return BB (since it's an orphan); a jump will be reqd
								pCfg->setLabel(returnBB);
								pBB->setJumpReqd();
								// Mike: do we need to set return locations?
								// This ends the function
								sequentialDecode = false;
							}
							else {
								// Add the fall through edge if the block didn't
								// already exist
								if (pBB != NULL)
									pCfg->addOutEdge(pBB, uAddr+inst.numBytes);
							}
						}
					}

					extraProcessCall(call, BB_rtls);

					// Create the list of RTLs for the next basic block and continue with the next instruction.
					BB_rtls = NULL;
					break;	
				}

				case STMT_RET: {
					// Stop decoding sequentially
					sequentialDecode = false;

					pBB = createReturnBlock(pProc, BB_rtls, pRtl);

					// Create the list of RTLs for the next basic block and
					// continue with the next instruction.
					BB_rtls = NULL;		// New RTLList for next BB
				}
				break;

				case STMT_BOOLASSIGN:
					// This is just an ordinary instruction; no control transfer
					// Fall through
				case STMT_JUNCTION:
					// FIXME: Do we need to do anything here?
				case STMT_ASSIGN:
				case STMT_PHIASSIGN:
				case STMT_IMPASSIGN:
				case STMT_IMPREF:
					// Do nothing
					break;
		
				} // switch (s->getKind())
			}
			if (BB_rtls && pRtl)
				// If non null, we haven't put this RTL into a the current BB as yet
				BB_rtls->push_back(pRtl);

			if (inst.reDecode)
				// Special case: redecode the last instruction, without advancing uAddr by numBytes
				continue;
			uAddr += inst.numBytes;
			
			if (uAddr > lastAddr)
				lastAddr = uAddr;

			// If sequentially decoding, check if the next address happens to be the start of an existing BB. If so,
			// finish off the current BB (if any RTLs) as a fallthrough, and no need to decode again (unless it's an
			// incomplete BB, then we do decode it).
			// In fact, mustn't decode twice, because it will muck up the coverage, but also will cause subtle problems
			// like add a call to the list of calls to be processed, then delete the call RTL (e.g. Pentium 134.perl
			// benchmark)
			if (sequentialDecode && pCfg->existsBB(uAddr)) {
				// Create the fallthrough BB, if there are any RTLs at all
				if (BB_rtls) {
					PBB pBB = pCfg->newBB(BB_rtls, FALL, 1);
					// Add an out edge to this address
					if (pBB) {
						pCfg->addOutEdge(pBB, uAddr);
						BB_rtls = NULL;			// Need new list of RTLs
					}
				}
				// Pick a new address to decode from, if the BB is complete
				if (!pCfg->isIncomplete(uAddr))
					sequentialDecode = false;
			}
			if(AssProgram)
			++ li ;
		}	// while sequentialDecode
		
		// Add this range to the coverage
//		  pProc->addRange(start, uAddr);

		// Must set sequentialDecode back to true
		sequentialDecode = true;
		

	}	// while nextAddress() != NO_ADDRESS

	//ProgWatcher *w = prog->getWatcher();
	//if (w)
	//	  w->alert_done(pProc, initAddr, lastAddr, nTotalBytes);

	// Add the callees to the set of CallStatements, and also to the Prog object
	std::list<CallStatement*>::iterator it;
	for (it = callList.begin(); it != callList.end(); it++) {
		ADDRESS dest = (*it)->getFixedDest();
		// Don't speculatively decode procs that are outside of the main text section, apart from dynamically
		// linked ones (in the .plt)
		// TODO: change pBF pointers
		if (!ASS_FILE){
			if (pBF->IsDynamicLinkedProc(dest) || !spec || (dest < pBF->getLimitTextHigh())) {
				pCfg->addCall(*it);
				// Don't visit the destination of a register call
				Proc *np = (*it)->getDestProc();
				if (np == NULL && dest != NO_ADDRESS) {
					//np = newProc(pProc->getProg(), dest);
					np = pProc->getProg()->setNewProc(dest);
				}
				if (np != NULL) {
					np->setFirstCaller(pProc);
					pProc->addCallee(np);
				}			
			}
		}
		else{
				pCfg->addCall(*it);
				// Don't visit the destination of a register call
				Proc *np = (*it)->getDestProc();
				if (np == NULL && dest != NO_ADDRESS) {
					//np = newProc(pProc->getProg(), dest);
					np = pProc->getProg()->setNewProc(dest);
				}
				if (np != NULL) {
					np->setFirstCaller(pProc);
					pProc->addCallee(np);
				}			
		}
	}

	Boomerang::get()->alert_decode(pProc, startAddr, lastAddr, nTotalBytes);
	std::cout<< "finished processing proc " << pProc->getName() << " at address " << pProc->getNativeAddress() << "\n";
	if (VERBOSE)
		LOG << "finished processing proc " << pProc->getName() << " at address " << pProc->getNativeAddress() << "\n";

	return true;
}

/*==============================================================================
 * FUNCTION:	FrontEnd::getInst
 * OVERVIEW:	Fetch the smallest (nop-sized) instruction, in an endianness independent manner
 * NOTE:		Frequently overridden
 * PARAMETERS:	addr - host address to getch from
 * RETURNS:		An integer with the instruction in it
 *============================================================================*/
int FrontEnd::getInst(int addr)
{
	return (int)(*(unsigned char*)addr);
}


/*==============================================================================
 * FUNCTION:	TargetQueue::visit
 * OVERVIEW:	Visit a destination as a label, i.e. check whether we need to queue it as a new BB to create later.
 *				Note: at present, it is important to visit an address BEFORE an out edge is added to that address.
 *				This is because adding an out edge enters the address into the Cfg's BB map, and it looks like the
 *				BB has already been visited, and it gets overlooked. It would be better to have a scheme whereby
 *				the order of calling these functions (i.e. visit() and AddOutEdge()) did not matter.
 * PARAMETERS:	pCfg - the enclosing CFG
 *				uNewAddr - the address to be checked
 *				pNewBB - set to the lower part of the BB if the address
 *				already exists as a non explicit label (BB has to be split)
 * RETURNS:		<nothing>
 *============================================================================*/
void TargetQueue::visit(Cfg* pCfg, ADDRESS uNewAddr, PBB& pNewBB) {
	// Find out if we've already parsed the destination
	bool bParsed = pCfg->label(uNewAddr, pNewBB);
	// Add this address to the back of the local queue,
	// if not already processed
	if (!bParsed) {
		targets.push(uNewAddr);
		if (Boomerang::get()->traceDecoder)
			LOG << ">" << uNewAddr << "\t";
	}
}