Lit CNF_Manager::translateExprRec(const Expr& e, CNF_Formula& cnf, const Theorem& thmIn)
{
  if (e.isFalse()) return Lit::getFalse();
  if (e.isTrue()) return Lit::getTrue();
  if (e.isNot()) return !translateExprRec(e[0], cnf, thmIn);

  ExprHashMap<Var>::iterator iMap = d_cnfVars.find(e);

  if (e.isTranslated()) {
    DebugAssert(iMap != d_cnfVars.end(), "Translated expr should be in map");
    return Lit((*iMap).second);
  }
  else e.setTranslated(d_bottomScope);

  Var v(int(d_varInfo.size()));
  bool translateOnly = false;

  if (iMap != d_cnfVars.end()) {
    v = (*iMap).second;
    translateOnly = true;
    d_varInfo[v].fanouts.clear();
  }
  else {
    d_varInfo.resize(v+1);
    d_varInfo.back().expr = e;
    d_cnfVars[e] = v;
  }

  Expr::iterator i, iend;
  bool isAnd = false;
  switch (e.getKind()) {
    case AND:
      isAnd = true;
    case OR: {
      vector<Lit> lits;
      unsigned idx;
      for (i = e.begin(), iend = e.end(); i != iend; ++i) {
        lits.push_back(translateExprRec(*i, cnf, thmIn));
      }

      //      DebugAssert(concreteExpr(e,Lit(v)) == e,"why here");

      for (idx = 0; idx < lits.size(); ++idx) {
        cnf.newClause();
        cnf.addLiteral(Lit(v),isAnd);
        cnf.addLiteral(lits[idx], !isAnd);
	
	//	DebugAssert(concreteExpr(e[idx],lits[idx]) == e[idx], "why here");

	std::string reasonStr = (isAnd ? "and_mid" : "or_mid");
	Expr after = e[idx] ;
	cnf.getCurrentClause().setClauseTheorem(d_rules->CNFtranslate(e, after, reasonStr, idx)); // by yeting
      }

      cnf.newClause();
      cnf.addLiteral(Lit(v),!isAnd);
      for (idx = 0; idx < lits.size(); ++idx) {
        cnf.addLiteral(lits[idx], isAnd);
      }

      std::string reasonStr = (isAnd ? "and_final" : "or_final") ;   
      Expr after = e ;

      cnf.getCurrentClause().setClauseTheorem(d_rules->CNFtranslate(e, after, reasonStr, 0)); // by yeting
      break;
    }
    case IMPLIES: {
      Lit arg0 = translateExprRec(e[0], cnf, thmIn);
      Lit arg1 = translateExprRec(e[1], cnf, thmIn);

      //      DebugAssert(concreteExpr(e, Lit(v)) == e, "why here");
      //      DebugAssert(concreteExpr(e[0], arg0) == e[0], "why here");
      //      DebugAssert(concreteExpr(e[1], arg1) == e[1], "why here");

      cnf.newClause();
      cnf.addLiteral(Lit(v));
      cnf.addLiteral(arg0);

      cnf.getCurrentClause().setClauseTheorem( d_rules->CNFtranslate(e, e, "imp", 0)); // by yeting

      cnf.newClause();
      cnf.addLiteral(Lit(v));
      cnf.addLiteral(arg1,true);

      cnf.getCurrentClause().setClauseTheorem( d_rules->CNFtranslate(e, e, "imp", 1)); // by yeting

      cnf.newClause();
      cnf.addLiteral(Lit(v),true);
      cnf.addLiteral(arg0,true);
      cnf.addLiteral(arg1);

      cnf.getCurrentClause().setClauseTheorem( d_rules->CNFtranslate(e, e, "imp", 2)); // by yeting

      break;
    }
    case IFF: {
      Lit arg0 = translateExprRec(e[0], cnf, thmIn);
      Lit arg1 = translateExprRec(e[1], cnf, thmIn);

      //      DebugAssert(concreteExpr(e, Lit(v)) == e, "why here");
      //      DebugAssert(concreteExpr(e[0], arg0) == e[0], "why here");
      //      DebugAssert(concreteExpr(e[1], arg1) == e[1], "why here");

      cnf.newClause();
      cnf.addLiteral(Lit(v));
      cnf.addLiteral(arg0);
      cnf.addLiteral(arg1);

      cnf.getCurrentClause().setClauseTheorem(d_rules->CNFtranslate(e, e, "iff", 0)); // by yeting

      cnf.newClause();
      cnf.addLiteral(Lit(v));
      cnf.addLiteral(arg0,true);
      cnf.addLiteral(arg1,true);

      cnf.getCurrentClause().setClauseTheorem(d_rules->CNFtranslate(e, e, "iff", 1)); // by yeting

      cnf.newClause();
      cnf.addLiteral(Lit(v),true);
      cnf.addLiteral(arg0,true);
      cnf.addLiteral(arg1);

      cnf.getCurrentClause().setClauseTheorem(d_rules->CNFtranslate(e, e, "iff", 2)); // by yeting

      cnf.newClause();
      cnf.addLiteral(Lit(v),true);
      cnf.addLiteral(arg0);
      cnf.addLiteral(arg1,true);

      cnf.getCurrentClause().setClauseTheorem(d_rules->CNFtranslate(e, e, "iff", 3)); // by yeting
      break;
    }
    case XOR: {

      Lit arg0 = translateExprRec(e[0], cnf, thmIn);
      Lit arg1 = translateExprRec(e[1], cnf, thmIn);

      //      DebugAssert(concreteExpr(e, Lit(v)) == e, "why here");
      //      DebugAssert(concreteExpr(e[0], arg0) == e[0], "why here");
      //      DebugAssert(concreteExpr(e[1], arg1) == e[1], "why here");


      cnf.newClause();
      cnf.addLiteral(Lit(v),true);
      cnf.addLiteral(arg0);
      cnf.addLiteral(arg1);

      cnf.getCurrentClause().setClauseTheorem(d_rules->CNFtranslate(e, e, "xor", 0)); // by yeting

      cnf.newClause();
      cnf.addLiteral(Lit(v),true);
      cnf.addLiteral(arg0,true);
      cnf.addLiteral(arg1,true);

      cnf.getCurrentClause().setClauseTheorem(d_rules->CNFtranslate(e, e, "xor", 1)); // by yeting

      cnf.newClause();
      cnf.addLiteral(Lit(v));
      cnf.addLiteral(arg0,true);
      cnf.addLiteral(arg1);

      cnf.getCurrentClause().setClauseTheorem(d_rules->CNFtranslate(e, e, "xor", 2)); // by yeting

      cnf.newClause();
      cnf.addLiteral(Lit(v));
      cnf.addLiteral(arg0);
      cnf.addLiteral(arg1,true);

      cnf.getCurrentClause().setClauseTheorem(d_rules->CNFtranslate(e, e, "xor", 3)); // by yeting
      break;
    }
    case ITE:
    {

      Lit arg0 = translateExprRec(e[0], cnf, thmIn);
      Lit arg1 = translateExprRec(e[1], cnf, thmIn);
      Lit arg2 = translateExprRec(e[2], cnf, thmIn);


      Expr aftere0 = concreteExpr(e[0], arg0);
      Expr aftere1 = concreteExpr(e[1], arg1);
      Expr aftere2 = concreteExpr(e[2], arg2);
      
      vector<Expr> after ;
      after.push_back(aftere0);
      after.push_back(aftere1);
      after.push_back(aftere2);
      
      Theorem e0thm;
      Theorem e1thm;
      Theorem e2thm;

      { e0thm = d_iteMap[e[0]];
	if (e0thm.isNull()) e0thm = d_commonRules->reflexivityRule(e[0]);
	e1thm = d_iteMap[e[1]];
	if (e1thm.isNull()) e1thm = d_commonRules->reflexivityRule(e[1]);
	e2thm = d_iteMap[e[2]];
	if (e2thm.isNull()) e2thm = d_commonRules->reflexivityRule(e[2]);
      }

      vector<Theorem> thms ;
      thms.push_back(e0thm);
      thms.push_back(e1thm);      
      thms.push_back(e2thm);

 

      cnf.newClause();
      cnf.addLiteral(Lit(v),true);
      cnf.addLiteral(arg0);
      cnf.addLiteral(arg2);
      
      cnf.getCurrentClause().setClauseTheorem(d_rules->CNFITEtranslate(e, after,thms, 1)); // by yeting

      cnf.newClause();
      cnf.addLiteral(Lit(v));
      cnf.addLiteral(arg0);
      cnf.addLiteral(arg2,true);

      cnf.getCurrentClause().setClauseTheorem(d_rules->CNFITEtranslate(e, after,thms, 2)); // by yeting

      cnf.newClause();
      cnf.addLiteral(Lit(v));
      cnf.addLiteral(arg0,true);
      cnf.addLiteral(arg1,true);

      cnf.getCurrentClause().setClauseTheorem(d_rules->CNFITEtranslate(e, after,thms, 3)); // by yeting

      cnf.newClause();
      cnf.addLiteral(Lit(v),true);
      cnf.addLiteral(arg0,true);
      cnf.addLiteral(arg1);

      cnf.getCurrentClause().setClauseTheorem(d_rules->CNFITEtranslate(e, after,thms, 4)); // by yeting

      cnf.newClause();
      cnf.addLiteral(Lit(v));
      cnf.addLiteral(arg1,true);
      cnf.addLiteral(arg2,true);

      cnf.getCurrentClause().setClauseTheorem(d_rules->CNFITEtranslate(e, after,thms, 5)); // by yeting

      cnf.newClause();
      cnf.addLiteral(Lit(v),true);
      cnf.addLiteral(arg1);
      cnf.addLiteral(arg2);

      cnf.getCurrentClause().setClauseTheorem(d_rules->CNFITEtranslate(e, after,thms, 6)); // by yeting
      
      break;
    }
    default:
    {
      DebugAssert(!e.isAbsAtomicFormula() || d_varInfo[v].expr == e,
                  "Corrupted Varinfo");
      if (e.isAbsAtomicFormula()) {
        registerAtom(e, thmIn);
        return Lit(v);
      }

      Theorem thm = replaceITErec(e, v, translateOnly);
      const Expr& e2 = thm.getRHS();
      DebugAssert(e2.isAbsAtomicFormula(), "Expected AbsAtomicFormula");
      if (e2.isTranslated()) {
        // Ugly corner case: we happen to create an expression that has been
        // created before.  We remove the current variable and fix up the
        // translation stack.
        if (translateOnly) {
          DebugAssert(v == d_cnfVars[e2], "Expected literal match");
        }
        else {
          d_varInfo.resize(v);
          while (!d_translateQueueVars.empty() &&
                 d_translateQueueVars.back() == v) {
            d_translateQueueVars.pop_back();
          }
          DebugAssert(d_cnfVars.find(e2) != d_cnfVars.end(),
                      "Expected existing literal");
          v = d_cnfVars[e2];
          d_cnfVars[e] = v;
          while (d_translateQueueVars.size() < d_translateQueueThms.size()) {
            d_translateQueueVars.push_back(v);
          }
        }
      }
      else {
        e2.setTranslated(d_bottomScope);
        // Corner case: don't register reflexive equality
        if (!e2.isEq() || e2[0] != e2[1]) registerAtom(e2, thmIn);
        if (!translateOnly) {
          if (d_cnfVars.find(e2) == d_cnfVars.end()) {
            d_varInfo[v].expr = e2;
            d_cnfVars[e2] = v;
          }
          else {
            // Same corner case in an untranslated expr
            d_varInfo.resize(v);
            while (!d_translateQueueVars.empty() &&
                   d_translateQueueVars.back() == v) {
              d_translateQueueVars.pop_back();
            }
            v = d_cnfVars[e2];
            d_cnfVars[e] = v;
            while (d_translateQueueVars.size() < d_translateQueueThms.size()) {
              d_translateQueueVars.push_back(v);
            }
          }
        }
      }
      return Lit(v);
    }
  }

  // Record fanins / fanouts
  Lit l;
  for (i = e.begin(), iend = e.end(); i != iend; ++i) {
    l = getCNFLit(*i);
    DebugAssert(!l.isNull(), "Expected non-null literal");
    if (!translateOnly) d_varInfo[v].fanins.push_back(l);
    if (l.isVar()) d_varInfo[l.getVar()].fanouts.push_back(v);
  }
  return Lit(v);
}