/// <summary>
/// Create new thread and execute code in it. Wait until execution ends
/// </summary>
/// <param name="pCode">Code to execute</param>
/// <param name="size">Code size</param>
/// <param name="callResult">Code return value</param>
/// <returns>Status</returns>
NTSTATUS RemoteExec::ExecInNewThread( PVOID pCode, size_t size, uint64_t& callResult )
{
AsmJit::Assembler a;
AsmJitHelper ah( a );
NTSTATUS dwResult = STATUS_SUCCESS;
// Write code
dwResult = CopyCode( pCode, size );
if (dwResult != STATUS_SUCCESS)
return dwResult;
bool switchMode = (_proc.core().native()->GetWow64Barrier().type == wow_64_32);
auto pExitThread = _mods.GetExport( _mods.GetModule( L"ntdll.dll" ), "NtTerminateThread" ).procAddress;
if (pExitThread == 0)
return LastNtStatus( STATUS_NOT_FOUND );
ah.GenPrologue( switchMode );
// Prepare thread to run in x64 mode
if(switchMode)
{
// Allocate new x64 activation stack
auto createActStack = _mods.GetExport( _mods.GetModule( L"ntdll.dll", LdrList, mt_mod64 ),
"RtlAllocateActivationContextStack" ).procAddress;
if (createActStack)
{
ah.GenCall( static_cast<size_t>(createActStack), { _userData.ptr<size_t>() + 0x3100 } );
a.mov( AsmJit::nax, _userData.ptr<size_t>( ) + 0x3100 );
a.mov( AsmJit::nax, AsmJit::sysint_ptr( AsmJit::nax ) );
ah.SetTebPtr();
a.mov( AsmJit::sysint_ptr( AsmJit::ndx, 0x2c8 ), AsmJit::nax );
}
}
ah.GenCall( _userCode.ptr<size_t>(), { } );
ah.ExitThreadWithStatus( pExitThread, _userData.ptr<size_t>( ) + INTRET_OFFSET );
// Execute code in newly created thread
if (_userCode.Write( size, a.getCodeSize(), a.make() ) == STATUS_SUCCESS)
{
auto thread = _threads.CreateNew( _userCode.ptr<ptr_t>() + size, _userData.ptr<ptr_t>() );
dwResult = thread.Join();
callResult = _userData.Read<uint64_t>( INTRET_OFFSET, 0 );
}
else
dwResult = LastNtStatus();
return dwResult;
}
/// <summary>
/// Create activation context
/// Target memory layout:
/// -----------------------------
/// | hCtx | ACTCTX | file_path |
/// -----------------------------
/// </summary>
/// <param name="path">Image file path.</param>
/// <param name="id">Manifest resource id</param>
/// <returns>true on success</returns>
bool MMap::CreateActx( const std::wstring& path, int id /*= 2 */ )
{
AsmJit::Assembler a;
AsmJitHelper ah( a );
uint64_t result = 0;
ACTCTXW act = { 0 };
_pAContext = _process.memory().Allocate( 512, PAGE_READWRITE );
act.cbSize = sizeof(act);
act.dwFlags = ACTCTX_FLAG_RESOURCE_NAME_VALID;
act.lpSource = reinterpret_cast<LPCWSTR>(_pAContext.ptr<size_t>() + sizeof(HANDLE) + sizeof(act));
act.lpResourceName = MAKEINTRESOURCEW( id );
bool switchMode = (_process.core().native()->GetWow64Barrier().type == wow_64_32);
auto pCreateActx = _process.modules().GetExport( _process.modules().GetModule( L"kernel32.dll" ), "CreateActCtxW" );
if (pCreateActx.procAddress == 0)
return nullptr;
// CreateActCtx(&act)
// Emulate Wow64
if (switchMode)
{
_ACTCTXW_T<DWORD> act32 = { 0 };
act32.cbSize = sizeof(act32);
act32.dwFlags = ACTCTX_FLAG_RESOURCE_NAME_VALID;
act32.lpSource = _pAContext.ptr<DWORD>() + sizeof(HANDLE) + sizeof(act32);
act32.lpResourceName = id ;
a.push( _pAContext.ptr<DWORD>() + static_cast<DWORD>(sizeof(HANDLE)) );
a.mov( AsmJit::eax, static_cast<DWORD>(pCreateActx.procAddress) );
a.call( AsmJit::nax );
a.mov( AsmJit::edx, _pAContext.ptr<DWORD>() );
a.mov( AsmJit::dword_ptr( AsmJit::edx ), AsmJit::eax );
auto pTermThd = _process.modules().GetExport( _process.modules().GetModule( L"ntdll.dll" ), "NtTerminateThread" );
a.push( AsmJit::nax );
a.push( DWORD( 0 ) );
a.mov( AsmJit::eax, static_cast<DWORD>(pTermThd.procAddress) );
a.call( AsmJit::nax );
a.ret( 4 );
// Write path to file
_pAContext.Write( sizeof(HANDLE), act32 );
_pAContext.Write( sizeof(HANDLE) + sizeof(act32), (path.length() + 1) * sizeof(wchar_t), path.c_str() );
auto pCode = _process.memory().Allocate( 0x1000 );
pCode.Write( 0, a.getCodeSize(), a.make() );
result = _process.remote().ExecDirect( pCode.ptr<ptr_t>(), _pAContext.ptr<size_t>() + sizeof(HANDLE) );
}
// Native way
else
{
ah.GenPrologue();
ah.GenCall( static_cast<size_t>(pCreateActx.procAddress), { _pAContext.ptr<size_t>() + sizeof(HANDLE) } );
a.mov( AsmJit::ndx, _pAContext.ptr<size_t>() );
a.mov( AsmJit::sysint_ptr( AsmJit::ndx ), AsmJit::nax );
_process.remote().AddReturnWithEvent( ah );
ah.GenEpilogue();
// Write path to file
_pAContext.Write( sizeof(HANDLE), act );
_pAContext.Write( sizeof(HANDLE) + sizeof(act), (path.length() + 1) * sizeof(wchar_t), path.c_str() );
_process.remote().ExecInWorkerThread( a.make(), a.getCodeSize(), result );
}
if (reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(result) == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
_pAContext.Free();
// SetLastError( err::mapping::CantCreateActx );
return false;
}
return true;
}
/// <summary>
/// Run module initializers(TLS and entry point).
/// </summary>
/// <param name="pImage">Image data</param>
/// <param name="dwReason">one of the following:
/// DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH
/// DLL_THREAD_ATTACH
/// DLL_PROCESS_DETACH
/// DLL_THREAD_DETTACH
/// </param>
/// <returns>true on success</returns>
bool MMap::RunModuleInitializers( ImageContext* pImage, DWORD dwReason )
{
AsmJit::Assembler a;
AsmJitHelper ah( a );
uint64_t result = 0;
auto hNtdll = _process.modules().GetModule( L"ntdll.dll", LdrList, pImage->PEImage.mType() );
auto pActivateActx = _process.modules().GetExport( hNtdll, "RtlActivateActivationContext" );
auto pDeactivateeActx = _process.modules().GetExport( hNtdll, "RtlDeactivateActivationContext" );
ah.GenPrologue();
// ActivateActCtx
if (_pAContext.valid())
{
a.mov( AsmJit::nax, _pAContext.ptr<size_t>() );
a.mov( AsmJit::nax, AsmJit::dword_ptr( AsmJit::nax ) );
ah.GenCall( static_cast<size_t>(pActivateActx.procAddress), { 0, AsmJit::nax, _pAContext.ptr<size_t>() + sizeof(HANDLE) } );
}
// Function order
// TLS first, entry point last
if (dwReason == DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH || dwReason == DLL_THREAD_ATTACH)
{
// PTLS_CALLBACK_FUNCTION(pImage->ImageBase, dwReason, NULL);
if (!(pImage->flags & NoTLS))
for (auto& pCallback : pImage->tlsCallbacks)
ah.GenCall( static_cast<size_t>(pCallback), { pImage->imgMem.ptr<size_t>(), dwReason, NULL } );
// DllMain
if (pImage->EntryPoint != 0)
ah.GenCall( static_cast<size_t>(pImage->EntryPoint), { pImage->imgMem.ptr<size_t>(), dwReason, NULL } );
}
// Entry point first, TLS last
else
{
// DllMain
if (pImage->EntryPoint != 0)
ah.GenCall( static_cast<size_t>(pImage->EntryPoint), { pImage->imgMem.ptr<size_t>(), dwReason, NULL } );
// PTLS_CALLBACK_FUNCTION(pImage->ImageBase, dwReason, NULL);
if (!(pImage->flags & NoTLS))
for (auto& pCallback : pImage->tlsCallbacks)
ah.GenCall( static_cast<size_t>(pCallback), { pImage->imgMem.ptr<size_t>(), dwReason, NULL } );
}
// DeactivateActCtx
if (_pAContext.valid())
{
a.mov( AsmJit::nax, _pAContext.ptr<size_t>() + sizeof(HANDLE) );
a.mov( AsmJit::nax, AsmJit::dword_ptr( AsmJit::nax ) );
ah.GenCall( static_cast<size_t>(pDeactivateeActx.procAddress), { 0, AsmJit::nax } );
}
_process.remote().AddReturnWithEvent( ah );
ah.GenEpilogue();
_process.remote().ExecInWorkerThread( a.make(), a.getCodeSize(), result );
return true;
}
/// <summary>
/// Generate assembly code for remote call.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="a">Underlying assembler object</param>
/// <param name="pfn">Remote function pointer</param>
/// <param name="args">Function arguments</param>
/// <param name="cc">Calling convention</param>
/// <param name="retType">Return type</param>
/// <returns>true on success</returns>
bool RemoteExec::PrepareCallAssembly( AsmJit::Assembler& a,
const void* pfn,
std::vector<AsmVariant>& args,
eCalligConvention cc,
eReturnType retType )
{
size_t data_offset = ARGS_OFFSET;
AsmJitHelper ah( a );
// Invalid calling convention
if (cc < cc_cdecl || cc > cc_fastcall)
{
LastNtStatus( STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_3 );
return false;
}
// Copy structures and strings
for (auto& arg : args)
{
if (arg.type == AsmVariant::dataStruct || arg.type == AsmVariant::dataPtr)
{
_userData.Write( data_offset, arg.size, reinterpret_cast<const void*>(arg.imm_val) );
arg.new_imm_val = _userData.ptr<size_t>() + data_offset;
// Add some padding after data
data_offset += arg.size + 0x10;
}
}
// Insert hidden variable if return type is struct.
// This variable contains address of buffer in which return value is copied
if (retType == rt_struct)
{
args.emplace( args.begin(), AsmVariant( _userData.ptr<size_t>() + ARGS_OFFSET ) );
args.front().new_imm_val = args.front().imm_val;
args.front().type = AsmVariant::structRet;
}
ah.GenPrologue();
ah.GenCall( pfn, args, cc );
// Retrieve result from XMM0 or ST0
if (retType == rt_float || retType == rt_double)
{
a.mov( AsmJit::nax, _userData.ptr<size_t>() + RET_OFFSET );
#ifdef _M_AMD64
if (retType == rt_double)
a.movsd( AsmJit::Mem( AsmJit::nax, 0 ), AsmJit::xmm0 );
else
a.movss( AsmJit::Mem( AsmJit::nax, 0 ), AsmJit::xmm0 );
#else
a.fstp( AsmJit::Mem( AsmJit::nax, 0, retType * sizeof(float) ) );
#endif
}
AddReturnWithEvent( ah, retType );
ah.GenEpilogue();
return true;
}
/// <summary>
/// Create event to synchronize APC procedures
/// </summary>
/// <param name="threadID">The thread identifier.</param>
/// <returns>true on success</returns>
bool RemoteExec::CreateAPCEvent( DWORD threadID )
{
if(_hWaitEvent == NULL)
{
AsmJit::Assembler a;
AsmJitHelper ah( a );
wchar_t pEventName[128] = { 0 };
uint64_t dwResult = NULL;
size_t len = sizeof(pEventName);
OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES obAttr = { 0 };
UNICODE_STRING ustr = { 0 };
// Detect ntdll type
eModType mt = mt_default;
if (_memory.core().native()->GetWow64Barrier().type == wow_64_32)
mt = mt_mod64;
// Event name
swprintf_s( pEventName, ARRAYSIZE( pEventName ), L"\\BaseNamedObjects\\_MMapEvent_0x%x_0x%x", threadID, GetTickCount() );
// Prepare Arguments
ustr.Length = static_cast<USHORT>(wcslen( pEventName ) * sizeof(wchar_t));
ustr.MaximumLength = static_cast<USHORT>(sizeof(pEventName));
ustr.Buffer = reinterpret_cast<PWSTR>(_userData.ptr<size_t>() + ARGS_OFFSET + sizeof(obAttr) + sizeof(ustr));
obAttr.ObjectName = reinterpret_cast<PUNICODE_STRING>(_userData.ptr<size_t>() + ARGS_OFFSET + sizeof(obAttr));
obAttr.Length = sizeof(obAttr);
auto pCreateEvent = _mods.GetExport( _mods.GetModule( L"ntdll.dll", LdrList, mt ), "NtCreateEvent" ).procAddress;
if (pCreateEvent == 0)
return false;
ah.GenCall( static_cast<size_t>(pCreateEvent), {
_userData.ptr<size_t>( ) + EVENT_OFFSET, EVENT_ALL_ACCESS,
_userData.ptr<size_t>() + ARGS_OFFSET, 0, FALSE
} );
// Save status
a.mov( AsmJit::ndx, _userData.ptr<size_t>() + ERR_OFFSET );
a.mov( AsmJit::dword_ptr( AsmJit::ndx ), AsmJit::eax );
a.ret();
NTSTATUS status = _userData.Write( ARGS_OFFSET, obAttr );
status |= _userData.Write( ARGS_OFFSET + sizeof(obAttr), ustr );
status |= _userData.Write( ARGS_OFFSET + sizeof(obAttr) + sizeof(ustr), len, pEventName );
if (status != STATUS_SUCCESS)
return false;
ExecInNewThread( a.make(), a.getCodeSize(), dwResult );
status = _userData.Read<NTSTATUS>( ERR_OFFSET, -1 );
if (status != STATUS_SUCCESS)
return false;
ustr.Buffer = pEventName;
obAttr.ObjectName = &ustr;
// Open created event
status = GET_IMPORT( NtOpenEvent )( &_hWaitEvent, SYNCHRONIZE | EVENT_MODIFY_STATE, &obAttr );
if (status != STATUS_SUCCESS)
return false;
}
return true;
}
/// <summary>
/// Create worker RPC thread
/// </summary>
/// <returns>Thread ID</returns>
DWORD RemoteExec::CreateWorkerThread()
{
AsmJit::Assembler a;
AsmJitHelper ah( a );
AsmJit::Label l_loop = a.newLabel();
//
// Create execution thread
//
if(!_hWorkThd.valid())
{
eModType mt = mt_default;
if (_memory.core().native()->GetWow64Barrier().type == wow_64_32)
{
mt = mt_mod64;
ah.SwitchTo64();
// Align stack on 16 byte boundary
a.and_( AsmJit::nsp, -16 );
// Allocate new x64 activation stack
auto createActStack = _mods.GetExport( _mods.GetModule( L"ntdll.dll", LdrList, mt ),
"RtlAllocateActivationContextStack" ).procAddress;
if(createActStack)
{
ah.GenCall( static_cast<size_t>(createActStack), { _userData.ptr<size_t>() + 0x3000 } );
a.mov( AsmJit::nax, _userData.ptr<size_t>() + 0x3000 );
a.mov( AsmJit::nax, AsmJit::sysint_ptr( AsmJit::nax ) );
ah.SetTebPtr();
a.mov( AsmJit::sysint_ptr( AsmJit::ndx, 0x2c8 ), AsmJit::nax );
}
}
auto proc = _mods.GetExport( _mods.GetModule( L"ntdll.dll", LdrList, mt ), "NtDelayExecution" ).procAddress;
auto pExitThread = _mods.GetExport( _mods.GetModule( L"ntdll.dll" ), "NtTerminateThread" ).procAddress;
if (proc == 0 || pExitThread == 0)
return 0;
/*
for(;;)
SleepEx(5, TRUE);
ExitThread(SetEvent(m_hWaitEvent));
*/
a.bind( l_loop );
ah.GenCall( static_cast<size_t>(proc), { TRUE, _workerCode.ptr<size_t>() } );
a.jmp( l_loop );
ah.ExitThreadWithStatus( pExitThread, _userData.ptr<size_t>() );
// Write code into process
LARGE_INTEGER liDelay = { 0 };
liDelay.QuadPart = -10 * 1000 * 5;
_workerCode.Write( 0, liDelay );
_workerCode.Write( sizeof(LARGE_INTEGER), a.getCodeSize(), a.make() );
_hWorkThd = _threads.CreateNew( _workerCode.ptr<size_t>() + sizeof(LARGE_INTEGER), _userData.ptr<size_t>() );
}
return _hWorkThd.id();
}
/// <summary>
/// Execute code in context of any existing thread
/// </summary>
/// <param name="pCode">Cde to execute</param>
/// <param name="size">Code size.</param>
/// <param name="callResult">Execution result</param>
/// <param name="thd">Target thread</param>
/// <returns>Status</returns>
NTSTATUS RemoteExec::ExecInAnyThread( PVOID pCode, size_t size, uint64_t& callResult, Thread& thd )
{
NTSTATUS dwResult = STATUS_SUCCESS;
CONTEXT_T ctx;
// Prepare for remote exec
CreateRPCEnvironment( true );
// Write code
dwResult = CopyCode( pCode, size );
if (dwResult != STATUS_SUCCESS)
return dwResult;
if (_hWaitEvent)
ResetEvent( _hWaitEvent );
if (!thd.Suspend())
return LastNtStatus();
if (thd.GetContext( ctx, CONTEXT_ALL, true ))
{
AsmJit::Assembler a;
AsmJitHelper ah( a );
#ifdef _M_AMD64
const int count = 15;
AsmJit::GPReg regs[] = { AsmJit::rax, AsmJit::rbx, AsmJit::rcx, AsmJit::rdx, AsmJit::rsi,
AsmJit::rdi, AsmJit::r8, AsmJit::r9, AsmJit::r10, AsmJit::r11,
AsmJit::r12, AsmJit::r13, AsmJit::r14, AsmJit::r15, AsmJit::rbp
};
//
// Preserve thread context
// I don't care about FPU, XMM and anything else
//
a.sub(AsmJit::rsp, count * WordSize); // Stack must be aligned on 16 bytes
a.pushfq(); //
// Save registers
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
a.mov( AsmJit::Mem( AsmJit::rsp, i * WordSize ), regs[i] );
ah.GenCall( _userCode.ptr<size_t>(), { _userData.ptr<size_t>() } );
AddReturnWithEvent( ah, rt_int32, INTRET_OFFSET );
// Restore registers
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
a.mov( regs[i], AsmJit::Mem( AsmJit::rsp, i * WordSize ) );
a.popfq();
a.add( AsmJit::rsp, count * WordSize );
a.jmp( ctx.Rip );
#else
a.pushad();
a.pushfd();
ah.GenCall( _userCode.ptr<size_t>(), { _userData.ptr<size_t>() } );
AddReturnWithEvent( ah, rt_int32, INTRET_OFFSET );
a.popfd();
a.popad();
a.push( ctx.NIP );
a.ret();
#endif
if (_userCode.Write( size, a.getCodeSize(), a.make() ) == STATUS_SUCCESS)
{
ctx.NIP = _userCode.ptr<size_t>() + size;
if (!thd.SetContext( ctx, true ))
dwResult = LastNtStatus();
}
else
dwResult = LastNtStatus();
}
else
dwResult = LastNtStatus();
thd.Resume();
if (dwResult == STATUS_SUCCESS)
{
WaitForSingleObject( _hWaitEvent, INFINITE );
callResult = _userData.Read<size_t>( INTRET_OFFSET, 0 );
}
return dwResult;
}