void XsdSchemaDebugger::dumpParticle(const XsdParticle::Ptr &particle, int level)
{
    QString prefix; prefix.fill(QLatin1Char(' '), level);

    qDebug("%s min=%s max=%s", qPrintable(prefix), qPrintable(QString::number(particle->minimumOccurs())),
                               qPrintable(particle->maximumOccursUnbounded() ? QLatin1String("unbounded") : QString::number(particle->maximumOccurs())));

    if (particle->term()->isElement()) {
        qDebug("%selement (%s)", qPrintable(prefix), qPrintable(XsdElement::Ptr(particle->term())->displayName(m_namePool)));
    } else if (particle->term()->isModelGroup()) {
        const XsdModelGroup::Ptr group(particle->term());
        if (group->compositor() == XsdModelGroup::SequenceCompositor) {
            qDebug("%ssequence", qPrintable(prefix));
        } else if (group->compositor() == XsdModelGroup::AllCompositor) {
            qDebug("%sall", qPrintable(prefix));
        } else if (group->compositor() == XsdModelGroup::ChoiceCompositor) {
            qDebug("%schoice", qPrintable(prefix));
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < group->particles().count(); ++i)
            dumpParticle(group->particles().at(i), level + 5);
    } else if (particle->term()->isWildcard()) {
        XsdWildcard::Ptr wildcard(particle->term());
        qDebug("%swildcard (process=%d)", qPrintable(prefix), wildcard->processContents());
    }
}
bool XsdSchemaChecker::isValidParticleExtension(const XsdParticle::Ptr &extension, const XsdParticle::Ptr &base) const
{
    // @see http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema11-1/#cos-particle-extend

    // 1
    if (extension == base)
        return true;

    // 2
    if (extension->minimumOccurs() == 1 && extension->maximumOccurs() == 1 && extension->maximumOccursUnbounded() == false) {
        if (extension->term()->isModelGroup()) {
            const XsdModelGroup::Ptr modelGroup = extension->term();
            if (modelGroup->compositor() == XsdModelGroup::SequenceCompositor) {
                if (particleEqualsRecursively(modelGroup->particles().first(), base))
                    return true;
            }
        }
    }

    // 3
    if (extension->minimumOccurs() == base->minimumOccurs()) { // 3.1
        if (extension->term()->isModelGroup() && base->term()->isModelGroup()) {
            const XsdModelGroup::Ptr extensionGroup(extension->term());
            const XsdModelGroup::Ptr baseGroup(base->term());

            if (extensionGroup->compositor() == XsdModelGroup::AllCompositor && baseGroup->compositor() == XsdModelGroup::AllCompositor) {
                const XsdParticle::List extensionParticles = extensionGroup->particles();
                const XsdParticle::List baseParticles = baseGroup->particles();
                for (int i = 0; i < baseParticles.count() && i < extensionParticles.count(); ++i) {
                    if (baseParticles.at(i) != extensionParticles.at(i))
                        return false;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return false;
}
bool XsdParticleChecker::isUPAConform(const XsdParticle::Ptr &particle, const NamePool::Ptr &namePool)
{

    /**
     * In case we encounter an <xsd:all> element, don't construct a state machine, but use the approach
     * described at http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/#non-ambig
     * Reason: For n elements inside the <xsd:all>, represented in the NDA, the state machine
     * constructs n! states in the DFA, which does not scale.
     */
    if (particle->term()->isModelGroup()) {
        const XsdModelGroup::Ptr group(particle->term());
        if (group->compositor() == XsdModelGroup::AllCompositor)
            return isUPAConformXsdAll(particle, namePool);
    }

    /**
     * The algorithm is implemented like described in http://www.ltg.ed.ac.uk/~ht/XML_Europe_2003.html#S2.2
     */

    // create a state machine for the given particle
    XsdStateMachine<XsdTerm::Ptr> stateMachine(namePool);

    XsdStateMachineBuilder builder(&stateMachine, namePool);
    const XsdStateMachine<XsdTerm::Ptr>::StateId endState = builder.reset();
    const XsdStateMachine<XsdTerm::Ptr>::StateId startState = builder.buildParticle(particle, endState);
    builder.addStartState(startState);

/*
    static int counter = 0;
    {
        QFile file(QString("/tmp/file_upa%1.dot").arg(counter));
        file.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly);
        stateMachine.outputGraph(&file, "Base");
        file.close();
    }
    ::system(QString("dot -Tpng /tmp/file_upa%1.dot -o/tmp/file_upa%1.png").arg(counter).toLatin1().data());
*/
    const XsdStateMachine<XsdTerm::Ptr> dfa = stateMachine.toDFA();
/*
    {
        QFile file(QString("/tmp/file_upa%1dfa.dot").arg(counter));
        file.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly);
        dfa.outputGraph(&file, "Base");
        file.close();
    }
    ::system(QString("dot -Tpng /tmp/file_upa%1dfa.dot -o/tmp/file_upa%1dfa.png").arg(counter).toLatin1().data());
*/
    const QHash<XsdStateMachine<XsdTerm::Ptr>::StateId, XsdStateMachine<XsdTerm::Ptr>::StateType> states = dfa.states();
    const QHash<XsdStateMachine<XsdTerm::Ptr>::StateId, QHash<XsdTerm::Ptr, QVector<XsdStateMachine<XsdTerm::Ptr>::StateId> > > transitions = dfa.transitions();

    // the basic idea of that algorithm is to iterate over all states of that machine and check that no two edges
    // that match on the same term leave a state, so for a given term it should always be obvious which edge to take
    QHashIterator<XsdStateMachine<XsdTerm::Ptr>::StateId, XsdStateMachine<XsdTerm::Ptr>::StateType> stateIt(states);
    while (stateIt.hasNext()) { // iterate over all states
        stateIt.next();

        // fetch all transitions the current state allows
        const QHash<XsdTerm::Ptr, QVector<XsdStateMachine<XsdTerm::Ptr>::StateId> > currentTransitions = transitions.value(stateIt.key());
        QHashIterator<XsdTerm::Ptr, QVector<XsdStateMachine<XsdTerm::Ptr>::StateId> > transitionIt(currentTransitions);
        while (transitionIt.hasNext()) { // iterate over all transitions
            transitionIt.next();

            if (transitionIt.value().size() > 1) {
                // we have one state with two edges leaving it, that means
                // the XsdTerm::Ptr exists twice, that is an error
                return false;
            }

            QHashIterator<XsdTerm::Ptr, QVector<XsdStateMachine<XsdTerm::Ptr>::StateId> > innerTransitionIt(currentTransitions);
            while (innerTransitionIt.hasNext()) { // iterate over all transitions again, as we have to compare all transitions with all
                innerTransitionIt.next();

                if (transitionIt.key() == innerTransitionIt.key()) // do no compare with ourself
                    continue;

                // use the helper method termMatches to check if both term matches
                if (termMatches(transitionIt.key(), innerTransitionIt.key(), namePool))
                    return false;
            }
        }
    }

    return true;
}