// 使用OpenGL來繪圖
void RenderFrameOpenGL(void)
{
// 清除畫面
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
// 設定好GPU要去哪讀取頂點資料
glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
glVertexPointer(4, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(Vector4), g_vertices);
// 設定要變更GL_MODELVIEW矩陣
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
// `旋轉角度`
static float angle = 0.0f;
angle += 0.01f;
// `設定旋轉矩陣`
Matrix4x4 world_view_matrix = g_view_matrix;
world_view_matrix.RotateZ(angle);
glLoadMatrixf( (float *) &world_view_matrix);
// `畫出金字塔的8條邊線`
glDrawElements(
GL_LINES, // `指定所要畫的基本圖形種類`
16, // `有幾個索引值`
GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, // `索引值的型態`
g_indices // `索引值陣列`
);
// 把背景backbuffer的畫面呈現出來
GutSwapBuffersOpenGL();
}
// 使用OpenGL來繪圖
void RenderFrameOpenGL(void)
{
// 清除畫面
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
// 把正向跟反向的面都畫出來
glDisable(GL_CULL_FACE);
// 使用CUBEMAP貼圖功能
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP);
// 套用CUBEMAP貼圖
glBindTexture( GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, g_TextureID );
// 開啟自動產生貼圖座標功能
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_S);
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_T);
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_R);
// 以反射的值為貼圖座標
glTexGeni(GL_S, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GL_REFLECTION_MAP);
glTexGeni(GL_T, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GL_REFLECTION_MAP);
glTexGeni(GL_R, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GL_REFLECTION_MAP);
// Trilinear filter
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR );
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR );
// 使用自動normalize功能
glEnable(GL_NORMALIZE);
// 計算出一個可以轉換到鏡頭座標系的矩陣
Matrix4x4 view_matrix = GutMatrixLookAtRH(g_eye, g_lookat, g_up);
Matrix4x4 world_view_matrix = g_world_matrix * view_matrix;
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadMatrixf( (float *) &world_view_matrix);
// 傳入0代表不套用模型中的材質, 經由外部來設定.
g_Model_OpenGL.Render(0);
// 把背景backbuffer的畫面呈現出來
GutSwapBuffersOpenGL();
}
// 使用OpenGL來繪圖
void RenderFrameOpenGL(void)
{
// 清除畫面
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
// 設定要用陣列的方式傳入頂點位置跟顏色
glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(Vertex_VC), g_pSphereVertices);
glEnableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY);
glColorPointer(4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, sizeof(Vertex_VC), g_pSphereVertices[0].m_RGBA);
// 計算出一個可以轉換到鏡頭座標系的矩陣
Matrix4x4 view_matrix = GutMatrixLookAtRH(g_eye, g_lookat, g_up);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadMatrixf( (float *) &view_matrix);
glDrawElements(
GL_TRIANGLES, // 指定所要畫的基本圖形種類
g_iNumSphereIndices, // 有幾個索引值
GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, // 索引值的型態
g_pSphereIndices // 索引值陣列
);
// 把背景backbuffer的畫面呈現出來
GutSwapBuffersOpenGL();
}
// 使用OpenGL來繪圖
void RenderFrameOpenGL(void)
{
// 清除畫面
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
// 設定好GPU要去哪讀取頂點座標資料
glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(Vertex_VC), &g_vertices[0].m_Position);
// 設定好GPU要去哪讀取頂點顏色資料
glEnableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY);
glColorPointer(4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, sizeof(Vertex_VC), &g_vertices[0].m_RGBA);
// 設定要變更GL_MODELVIEW矩陣
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
// 設定轉換矩陣
Matrix4x4 world_view_matrix = g_object_matrix * g_view_matrix;
glLoadMatrixf( (float *) &world_view_matrix);
// 畫出金字塔的8條邊線
glDrawElements(
GL_TRIANGLES, // 指定所要畫的基本圖形種類
18, // 有幾個索引值
GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, // 索引值的型態
g_indices // 索引值陣列
);
// 把背景backbuffer的畫面呈現出來
GutSwapBuffersOpenGL();
}
// 使用OpenGL來繪圖
void RenderFrameOpenGL(void)
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
// 設定要用陣列的方式傳入頂點位置跟顏色
glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);
// 在此不需要用到zbuffer
glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
//glDepthFunc(GL_ALWAYS);
glDepthMask(GL_FALSE);
{
// 不再用單一顏色來清除畫面,
// 把整個畫面用磚墻圖片蓋過去
// 把modelview, projection矩陣設成單位矩陣
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
// 套用貼圖
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, g_Texture0_ID);
// 畫出矩形, 同時會清除ZBuffer
glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(Vertex_VT), &g_FullScreenQuad[0].m_Position);
glTexCoordPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(Vertex_VT), &g_FullScreenQuad[0].m_Texcoord);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
// 把存放在stack中的projection取回來
glPopMatrix();
}
{
// 開啟混色功能
glEnable(GL_BLEND);
// source_blend_factor = 1
// dest_blend_factor = 1
// 混色公式= source_color * 1 + dest_color * 1
glBlendFunc(GL_ONE, GL_ONE);
// 套用貼圖
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, g_Texture1_ID);
// 套入轉換矩陣
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadMatrixf( (float *) &g_proj_matrix);
Matrix4x4 view_matrix = GutMatrixLookAtRH(g_eye, g_lookat, g_up);
Matrix4x4 world_view_matrix = g_world_matrix * view_matrix;
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadMatrixf( (float *) &world_view_matrix);
// 畫出矩形
glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(Vertex_VT), &g_Quad[0].m_Position);
glTexCoordPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(Vertex_VT), &g_Quad[0].m_Texcoord);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
// 關閉混色功能
glDisable(GL_BLEND);
}
// 把背景backbuffer的畫面呈現出來
GutSwapBuffersOpenGL();
}
// `使用OpenGL來繪圖`
void RenderFrameOpenGL(void)
{
// `清除畫面`
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
// `設定好GPU要去哪讀取頂點座標資料`
glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(Vertex_VC), &g_vertices[0].m_Position);
// `設定好GPU要去哪讀取頂點顏色資料`
glEnableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY);
glColorPointer(4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, sizeof(Vertex_VC), &g_vertices[0].m_RGBA);
// `設定要變更GL_MODELVIEW矩陣`
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
static float angle = 0.0f;
angle += 0.01f;
// `設定轉換矩陣`
Matrix4x4 world_view_matrix = g_view_matrix;
// `乘上旋轉矩陣`
world_view_matrix.RotateZ(angle);
glLoadMatrixf( (float *) &world_view_matrix);
// `畫出金字塔的8條邊線`
glDrawElements(
GL_TRIANGLES, // `指定所要畫的基本圖形種類`
18, // `有幾個索引值`
GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, // `索引值的型態`
g_indices // `索引值陣列`
);
// `把背景backbuffer的畫面呈現出來`
GutSwapBuffersOpenGL();
}
// 使用OpenGL來繪圖
void RenderFrameOpenGL(void)
{
Vector4 vPlane(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, -g_mirror_z);
// 清除畫面
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT);
// 畫出茶壼
RenderModelOpenGL(false, NULL);
// 設定轉換矩陣
Matrix4x4 view_matrix = g_Control.GetViewMatrix();;
Matrix4x4 world_view_matrix = view_matrix;
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadMatrixf( (float *) &g_projection_matrix);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadMatrixf( (float *) &world_view_matrix);
sModelMaterial_OpenGL material;
material.Submit(NULL);
// 設定頂點資料格式
glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(Vertex_V), &g_Quad_v[0].m_Position);
// 畫出鏡子, 同時把鏡子部分的stencil buffer設為1.
{
glEnable(GL_STENCIL_TEST);
glStencilFunc(GL_ALWAYS, 1, 0xff);
glStencilOp(GL_KEEP, GL_KEEP, GL_REPLACE);
glColor4f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
}
// 把鏡子部分的zbuffer清為1.0
{
glStencilFunc(GL_EQUAL, 1, 0xff);
glStencilOp(GL_KEEP, GL_KEEP, GL_KEEP);
// 把z值的輸出范圍設定為1~1, 也就是z永遠輸出1.
glDepthRange(1.0f, 1.0f);
glDepthFunc(GL_ALWAYS);
// 只更新zbuffer,不需要更新顏色.
glColorMask(false, false, false, false);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
// 恢復更新顏色的功能
glColorMask(true, true, true, true);
glDepthFunc(GL_LESS);
// 把z值的范圍還原為0~1
glDepthRange(0.0f, 1.0f);
}
// 畫出鏡子里的茶壼
{
glColor4f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
RenderModelOpenGL(true, &vPlane);
glDisable(GL_STENCIL_TEST);
}
// 把背景backbuffer的畫面呈現出來
GutSwapBuffersOpenGL();
}
// `使用OpenGL來繪圖`
void RenderFrameOpenGL(void)
{
{
// `使用`g_framebuffer framebuffer object
glBindFramebufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT, g_framebuffer);
glViewport(0, 0, 512, 512);
// `清除畫面`
glClearColor(0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f, 1.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
//
RenderSolarSystemOpenGL();
}
{
// `使用主framebuffer object, 也就是視窗.`
glBindFramebufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT, 0);
int w, h;
GutGetWindowSize(w, h);
glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
//` 清除畫面`
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
// `計算出一個可以轉換到鏡頭座標系的矩陣`
Matrix4x4 view_matrix = g_Control.GetViewMatrix();
Matrix4x4 world_matrix = g_Control.GetObjectMatrix();
Matrix4x4 world_view_matrix = world_matrix * view_matrix;
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadMatrixf( (float *) &world_view_matrix);
// `設定頂點資料格式`
glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
glDisableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY);
glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, g_texture);
glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(Vertex_VT), g_Quad_Inv[0].m_Position);
glTexCoordPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(Vertex_VT), g_Quad_Inv[0].m_Texcoord);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
}
// `把背景backbuffer的畫面呈現出來`
GutSwapBuffersOpenGL();
}
// 使用OpenGL來繪圖
void RenderFrameOpenGL(void)
{
// 清除畫面
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
// 設定轉換矩陣
Matrix4x4 view_matrix = g_Control.GetViewMatrix();
Matrix4x4 world_matrix = g_Control.GetObjectMatrix();
Matrix4x4 world_view_matrix = world_matrix * view_matrix;
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadMatrixf( (float *) &view_matrix);
SetupLightingOpenGL();
glLoadMatrixf( (float *) &world_view_matrix);
g_Model_OpenGL.Render();
// 把背景backbuffer的畫面呈現出來
GutSwapBuffersOpenGL();
}
// `使用OpenGL來繪圖`
void RenderFrameOpenGL(void)
{
// `清除畫面`
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
// `把正向跟反向的面都畫出來`
glDisable(GL_CULL_FACE);
// `設定要用陣列的方式傳入頂點位置跟顏色`
glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);
// `計算出一個可以轉換到鏡頭座標系的矩陣`
Matrix4x4 view_matrix = GutMatrixLookAtRH(g_eye, g_lookat, g_up);
Matrix4x4 world_view_matrix = g_world_matrix * view_matrix;
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadMatrixf( (float *) &world_view_matrix);
GLint modes[] = {
GL_REPEAT, // `左下角`
GL_MIRRORED_REPEAT, // `左上角`
GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE, // `右下角`
GL_CLAMP_TO_BORDER, // `右上角`
};
float border_color[4] = {0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f};
glTexParameterfv(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_BORDER_COLOR, border_color);
for ( int i=0; i<4; i++ )
{
glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(Vertex_VT), g_Quads[i][0].m_Position);
glTexCoordPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(Vertex_VT), g_Quads[i][0].m_Texcoord);
// `套用不同的貼圖座標解讀模式`
// GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S `設定水平方向解讀模式`
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, modes[i]);
// GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T `設定垂直方向解讀模式`
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, modes[i]);
// `畫出格子`
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
}
// `把背景backbuffer的畫面呈現出來`
GutSwapBuffersOpenGL();
}
// 使用OpenGL來繪圖
void RenderFrameOpenGL(void)
{
// 清除畫面
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
// 把正向跟反向的面都畫出來
glDisable(GL_CULL_FACE);
// 設定要用陣列的方式傳入頂點位置跟顏色
glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
glEnableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY);
glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(Vertex_VCN), &g_Quad[0].m_Position);
glColorPointer (4, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(Vertex_VCN), &g_Quad[0].m_Color);
// 計算出一個可以轉換到鏡頭座標系的矩陣
Matrix4x4 view_matrix = GutMatrixLookAtRH(g_eye, g_lookat, g_up);
Matrix4x4 world_view_matrix = g_world_matrix * view_matrix;
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadMatrixf( (float *) &world_view_matrix);
// 畫出格子
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
// 把背景backbuffer的畫面呈現出來
GutSwapBuffersOpenGL();
}
// 使用OpenGL來繪圖
void RenderFrameOpenGL(void)
{
// 清除畫面
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
// 計算出一個可以轉換到鏡頭座標系的矩陣
Matrix4x4 view_matrix = GutMatrixLookAtRH(g_eye, g_lookat, g_up);
// 計算出一個非平行投影的矩陣
Matrix4x4 perspective_matrix = GutMatrixPerspectiveRH_OpenGL(90.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 100.0f);
// 把這兩個矩陣相乘
Matrix4x4 view_perspective_matrix = view_matrix * perspective_matrix;
// 把空間中的座標點轉換到螢幕座標系上
Vector4 vertices[16];
for ( int i=0; i<16; i++ )
{
vertices[i] = g_vertices[i] * view_perspective_matrix;
vertices[i] /= vertices[i].GetW();
}
// 畫出金字塔的8條邊線
glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
glVertexPointer(4, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(Vector4), vertices);
glDrawArrays(GL_LINES, 0, 16);
// 把背景backbuffer的畫面呈現出來
GutSwapBuffersOpenGL();
}
// 使用OpenGL來繪圖
void RenderFrameOpenGL(void)
{
// 清除畫面
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
// 計算出一個可以轉換到鏡頭座標系的矩陣
Matrix4x4 view_matrix = GutMatrixLookAtRH(g_eye, g_lookat, g_up);
// 設定鏡頭轉換矩陣
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadMatrixf((float *) &view_matrix);
// 計算出一個非平行投影的透視矩陣
Matrix4x4 perspective_matrix = GutMatrixPerspectiveRH_OpenGL(90.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 100.0f);
// 設定視角轉換矩陣
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadMatrixf((float *) &perspective_matrix);
// 畫出金字塔的8條邊線
glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
glVertexPointer(4, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(Vector4), g_vertices);
glDrawArrays(GL_LINES, 0, 16);
// 把背景backbuffer的畫面呈現出來
GutSwapBuffersOpenGL();
}
// 使用OpenGL來繪圖
void RenderFrameOpenGL(void)
{
// `取得視窗大小`
int w, h;
GutGetWindowSize(w, h);
// `清除畫面`
glClearColor(0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f, 1.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
Vector4 camera_lookat(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
Matrix4x4 ortho_proj = GutMatrixOrthoRH_OpenGL(20.0f, 20.0f, 0.1f, 100.0f);
{
// `前視圖`
glViewport(0, h/2, w/2, h/2);
// view matrix
Vector4 camera_pos(0.0f, -20.0f, 0.0f);
Vector4 camera_up(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
g_view_matrix = GutMatrixLookAtRH(camera_pos, camera_lookat, camera_up);
// projection matrix
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadMatrixf(&ortho_proj[0][0]);
// render objects
RenderSolarSystemOpenGL();
}
{
// `上視圖`
glViewport(w/2, h/2, w/2, h/2);
// view matrix
Vector4 camera_pos(0.0f, 0.0f, 20.0f);
Vector4 camera_up(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
g_view_matrix = GutMatrixLookAtRH(camera_pos, camera_lookat, camera_up);
// projection matrix
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadMatrixf(&ortho_proj[0][0]);
// render objects
RenderSolarSystemOpenGL();
}
{
// `右視圖`
glViewport(0, 0, w/2, h/2);
// view matrix
Vector4 camera_pos(20.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
Vector4 camera_up(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
g_view_matrix = GutMatrixLookAtRH(camera_pos, camera_lookat, camera_up);
// projection matrix
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadMatrixf(&ortho_proj[0][0]);
// render objects
RenderSolarSystemOpenGL();
}
{
// `使用者視角`
glViewport(w/2, 0, w/2, h/2);
// object * view matrix
Matrix4x4 object_matrix = g_Control.GetObjectMatrix();
Matrix4x4 view_matrix = g_Control.GetViewMatrix();
g_view_matrix = object_matrix * view_matrix;
// projection matrix
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadMatrixf(&g_projection_matrix[0][0]);
// render objects
RenderSolarSystemOpenGL();
}
{
// `畫出viewport的邊界`
glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
glPushClientAttrib(GL_CLIENT_VERTEX_ARRAY_BIT);
glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
// projection matrix
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
// worldview matrix
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
// `畫邊界`
glColor4f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(Vertex_VC), g_Border);
glDrawArrays(GL_LINES, 0, 4);
glPopClientAttrib();
}
// `把背景backbuffer的畫面呈現出來`
GutSwapBuffersOpenGL();
}
// `使用OpenGL來繪圖`
void RenderFrameOpenGL(void)
{
// `取得視窗大小`
int w, h;
GutGetWindowSize(w, h);
// `清除畫面`
glClearColor(0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f, 1.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
// `在螢幕上畫出行星運動`
RenderSolarSystemOpenGL(false);
/*
`啟動Selection Buffer, 硬體會試著去重畫一次3D物件,`
`但不會更新畫面, 只會記錄下落在畫面中某個范圍內所有3D物件.`
*/
int x,y,buttons[3];
GutGetMouseState(x, y, buttons);
if ( buttons[0] )
{
GLint viewport[4];
glSelectBuffer(BUFSIZE,selectBuf);
glRenderMode(GL_SELECT);
glInitNames();
glGetIntegerv(GL_VIEWPORT,viewport);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glPushMatrix();
glLoadIdentity();
// `設定Selection Buffer的檢查范圍`
gluPickMatrix(x, viewport[3]-y, 3, 3, viewport);
float fRatio = (viewport[2]+0.0) / viewport[3];
glMultMatrixf( (float *)&g_projection_matrix );
// `在Selection Buffer中畫出3D物件`
RenderSolarSystemOpenGL(true);
int hits = glRenderMode(GL_RENDER);
GLuint *ptr = selectBuf;
GLuint Zmin = 0xffffffff;
GLuint SelectedObject = 0;
// `找出檢查范圍中, 距離鏡頭最近的物體.`
for ( int i=0; i<hits; i++, ptr+=4 )
{
if ( ptr[1] < Zmin )
{
Zmin = ptr[1];
SelectedObject = ptr[3];
}
}
switch(SelectedObject)
{
default:
case 0:
printf("Nothing\r");
break;
case 1:
printf("Sun \r");
break;
case 2:
printf("Earth \r");
break;
}
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glPopMatrix();
}
// `把背景backbuffer的畫面呈現出來`
GutSwapBuffersOpenGL();
}
// 使用OpenGL來繪圖
void RenderFrameOpenGL(void)
{
Vector4 vPlane(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, -g_mirror_z);
{
// 使用g_framebuffer framebuffer object
glBindFramebufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT, g_framebuffer);
glViewport(0, 0, 512, 512);
// 清除畫面
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.9f, 1.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
//
RenderModelOpenGL(true, &vPlane);
}
{
// 使用主framebuffer object, 也就是視窗.
glBindFramebufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT, 0);
int w, h;
GutGetWindowSize(w, h);
glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
// 清除畫面
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.6f, 1.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
RenderModelOpenGL(false, NULL);
// 設定轉換矩陣
Matrix4x4 world_view_matrix = g_Control.GetViewMatrix();
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadMatrixf( (float *) &g_projection_matrix);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadMatrixf( (float *) &world_view_matrix);
sModelMaterial_OpenGL material;
material.m_Textures[0] = g_texture;
material.Submit(NULL);
// 設定頂點資料格式
glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
glClientActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0_ARB);
glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);
// 計算貼圖座標矩陣
Matrix4x4 uv_offset_matrix;
uv_offset_matrix.Scale_Replace(0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f);
uv_offset_matrix[3].Set(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
Matrix4x4 texture_matrix = g_mirror_view_matrix * g_projection_matrix * uv_offset_matrix;
glMatrixMode(GL_TEXTURE);
glLoadMatrixf( (float *) &texture_matrix );
// vertex position & texcoord使用同樣的資料
glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(Vertex_V), &g_Quad[0].m_Position);
glTexCoordPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(Vertex_V), &g_Quad[0].m_Position);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
glLoadIdentity();
}
// 把背景backbuffer的畫面呈現出來
GutSwapBuffersOpenGL();
}
// 使用OpenGL來繪圖
void RenderFrameOpenGL(void)
{
Matrix4x4 light_projection_matrix;
Matrix4x4 light_view_matrix;
Matrix4x4 light_world_view_matrix;
Matrix4x4 view_matrix = g_Control.GetViewMatrix();
Matrix4x4 world_matrix = g_Control.GetObjectMatrix();
{
// `使用` g_framebuffer framebuffer object
glBindFramebufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT, g_framebuffer);
glViewport(0, 0, 512, 512);
// `清除畫面`
glClearColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
// `光源位置`
Vector4 vLightPos = g_Light.m_Position;
Vector4 vLightUp(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
Vector4 vLightLookat(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
// `設定光源的轉換矩陣`
light_projection_matrix = GutMatrixPerspectiveRH_OpenGL(60.0f, 1.0f, 0.1f, 100.0f);
light_view_matrix = GutMatrixLookAtRH(vLightPos, vLightLookat, vLightUp);
light_world_view_matrix = world_matrix * light_view_matrix;
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadMatrixf( (float *) &light_projection_matrix );
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadMatrixf( (float *) &light_world_view_matrix );
glDisable(GL_LIGHTING);
// `畫出黑色的茶壼`
sModelMaterial_OpenGL material;
material.m_bCullFace = false;
material.m_Diffuse.Set(0.0);
material.Submit(NULL);
g_Model_OpenGL.Render(0);
}
{
// `使用主framebuffer object, 也就是視窗.`
glBindFramebufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT, 0);
int w, h;
GutGetWindowSize(w, h);
glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
// `清除畫面`
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.6f, 1.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
// `計算出一個可以轉換到鏡頭座標系的矩陣`
Matrix4x4 view_matrix = g_Control.GetViewMatrix();
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadMatrixf( (float *) &view_matrix);
SetupLightingOpenGL();
Matrix4x4 world_view_matrix = world_matrix * view_matrix;
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadMatrixf( (float *) &g_projection_matrix);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadMatrixf( (float *) &world_view_matrix);
g_Model_OpenGL.Render();
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadMatrixf( (float *) &view_matrix);
glDisable(GL_LIGHTING);
sModelMaterial_OpenGL material;
material.m_Diffuse.Set(1.0f);
material.m_Textures[0] = g_texture;
material.Submit(NULL);
Matrix4x4 uv_offset_matrix;
uv_offset_matrix.Identity();
uv_offset_matrix.Scale(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);
uv_offset_matrix[3].Set(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f);
Matrix4x4 texture_matrix = light_view_matrix * light_projection_matrix * uv_offset_matrix;
glMatrixMode(GL_TEXTURE);
glLoadMatrixf( (float *)&texture_matrix);
glDisable(GL_LIGHTING);
// `設定頂點資料格式`
glPushClientAttrib(GL_CLIENT_VERTEX_ARRAY_BIT);
glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
glClientActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0_ARB);
glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);
//
glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(Vertex_VT), &g_Quad[0].m_Position);
// `直接把頂點資料拿來當貼圖座標使用`
glTexCoordPointer(4, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(Vertex_VT), &g_Quad[0].m_Position);
// `畫出看板`
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
glPopClientAttrib();
glLoadIdentity();
}
// 把背景backbuffer的畫面呈現出來
GutSwapBuffersOpenGL();
}
// `使用OpenGL來繪圖`
void RenderFrameOpenGL(void)
{
// `清除畫面`
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
// `設定要用陣列的方式傳入頂點位置跟顏色`
glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
glEnableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY);
// `計算出一個可以轉換到鏡頭座標系的矩陣`
Matrix4x4 view_matrix = GutMatrixLookAtRH(g_eye, g_lookat, g_up);
Matrix4x4 world_view_matrix;
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
// `載入鏡頭轉換矩陣`
glLoadMatrixf( (float *) &view_matrix );
glPushMatrix(); // `把目前的矩陣存到stack里`
// `太陽, 套入滑鼠的旋轉控制.`
glRotatef(FastMath::RadianToDegree(g_fRotate_X), 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glRotatef(FastMath::RadianToDegree(g_fRotate_Y), 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(Vertex_VC), g_pSunVertices);
glColorPointer(4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, sizeof(Vertex_VC), g_pSunVertices[0].m_RGBA);
glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, g_iNumSphereIndices, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, g_pSphereIndices);
// `水星`
glPushMatrix(); // `把目前的矩陣存到stack里`
float mercury_rotate_y = 360.0f * (g_simulation_days / days_a_year_mercury);
glRotatef(mercury_rotate_y, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
glTranslatef(mercury_to_sun_distance, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(Vertex_VC), g_pMoonVertices);
glColorPointer(4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, sizeof(Vertex_VC), g_pMoonVertices[0].m_RGBA);
glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, g_iNumSphereIndices, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, g_pSphereIndices);
// `從stack里pop出一個矩陣, 并套用到目前所指定要操作的矩陣`GL_MODELVIEW
glPopMatrix();
// `金星`
glPushMatrix(); // `把目前的矩陣存到stack里`
float venus_rotate_y = 360.0f * (g_simulation_days / days_a_year_venus);
glRotatef(venus_rotate_y, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
glTranslatef(venus_to_sun_distance, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(Vertex_VC), g_pMoonVertices);
glColorPointer(4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, sizeof(Vertex_VC), g_pMoonVertices[0].m_RGBA);
glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, g_iNumSphereIndices, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, g_pSphereIndices);
// `從stack里pop出一個矩陣, 并套用到目前所指定要操作的矩陣`GL_MODELVIEW
glPopMatrix();
// `地球`
glPushMatrix();// `把目前的矩陣存到stack里`
float earth_rotate_y = 360.0f * (g_simulation_days / days_a_year);
glRotatef(earth_rotate_y, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
glTranslatef(earth_to_sun_distance, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(Vertex_VC), g_pEarthVertices);
glColorPointer(4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, sizeof(Vertex_VC), g_pEarthVertices[0].m_RGBA);
glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, g_iNumSphereIndices, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, g_pSphereIndices);
// `月球`
float moon_rotate_y = 360.0f * (g_simulation_days / days_a_month);
glRotatef(moon_rotate_y, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
glTranslatef(moon_to_earth_distance, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(Vertex_VC), g_pMoonVertices);
glColorPointer(4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, sizeof(Vertex_VC), g_pMoonVertices[0].m_RGBA);
glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, g_iNumSphereIndices, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, g_pSphereIndices);
// `從stack里pop出一個矩陣, 并套用到目前所指定要操作的矩陣GL_MODELVIEW`
glPopMatrix();
glPopMatrix();
// `把背景backbuffer的畫面呈現出來`
GutSwapBuffersOpenGL();
}
// 使用OpenGL來繪圖
void RenderFrameOpenGL(void)
{
Matrix4x4 light_projection_matrix;
Matrix4x4 light_view_matrix;
Matrix4x4 light_world_view_matrix;
Matrix4x4 view_matrix = g_Control.GetViewMatrix();
Matrix4x4 world_matrix = g_Control.GetObjectMatrix();
GLuint blurred_texture = 0;
{
// 使用g_framebuffer framebuffer object
glBindFramebufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT, g_framebuffer);
glViewport(0, 0, g_framebuffer_w, g_framebuffer_h);
// 清除畫面
glClearColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
// 設定光源位置
Vector4 vLightPos = g_Light.m_Position;
Vector4 vLightUp(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
Vector4 vLightLookat(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
light_projection_matrix = GutMatrixPerspectiveRH_OpenGL(60.0f, 1.0f, 0.1f, 100.0f);
light_view_matrix = GutMatrixLookAtRH(vLightPos, vLightLookat, vLightUp);
light_world_view_matrix = world_matrix * light_view_matrix;
// 把鏡頭放到光源位置來畫陰影
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadMatrixf( (float *) &light_projection_matrix );
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadMatrixf( (float *) &light_world_view_matrix );
SetupLightingOpenGL();
// 套用預設材質, 把貼圖全部關閉
sModelMaterial_OpenGL material;
material.m_Ambient = Vector4::GetZero();
material.m_Emissive = Vector4::GetZero();
material.m_Diffuse = Vector4::GetZero();
material.m_Specular = Vector4::GetZero();
material.m_bCullFace = false;
material.Submit(NULL);
// 畫出模型
g_Model_OpenGL.Render(0);
}
// 把影子柔化
{
blurred_texture = BlurTexture(g_texture);
}
{
// 使用主framebuffer object, 也就是視窗.
glBindFramebufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT, 0);
int w, h;
GutGetWindowSize(w, h);
glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
// 清除畫面
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.6f, 1.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadMatrixf( (float *) &view_matrix);
// 設定光源
SetupLightingOpenGL();
// 設定轉換矩陣
Matrix4x4 world_view_matrix = world_matrix * view_matrix;
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadMatrixf( (float *) &g_projection_matrix);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadMatrixf( (float *) &world_view_matrix);
// 畫出茶壼
g_Model_OpenGL.Render();
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadMatrixf( (float *) &view_matrix);
sModelMaterial_OpenGL material;
material.m_Textures[0] = blurred_texture;
material.Submit(NULL);
// 計算貼圖矩陣
Matrix4x4 uv_offset_matrix;
uv_offset_matrix.Identity();
uv_offset_matrix.Scale(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);
uv_offset_matrix[3].Set(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f);
Matrix4x4 texture_matrix = light_view_matrix * light_projection_matrix * uv_offset_matrix;
glMatrixMode(GL_TEXTURE);
glLoadMatrixf( (float *)&texture_matrix);
// 開啟自動產生貼圖座標功能
// S/T/R分別代表貼圖座標的X/Y/Z軸
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_S);
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_T);
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_R);
// 以光線的反射向量來做為貼圖座標
glTexGeni(GL_S, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GL_OBJECT_LINEAR);
glTexGeni(GL_T, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GL_OBJECT_LINEAR);
glTexGeni(GL_R, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GL_OBJECT_LINEAR);
Matrix4x4 identMatrix = Matrix4x4::IdentityMatrix();
glTexGenfv(GL_S, GL_OBJECT_PLANE, &identMatrix[0][0]);
glTexGenfv(GL_T, GL_OBJECT_PLANE, &identMatrix[1][0]);
glTexGenfv(GL_R, GL_OBJECT_PLANE, &identMatrix[2][0]);
// 畫出地表
g_Terrain_OpenGL.Render(0);
glLoadIdentity();
}
// 把背景backbuffer的畫面呈現出來
GutSwapBuffersOpenGL();
}
// 使用OpenGL來繪圖
void RenderFrameOpenGL(void)
{
// `清除畫面`
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
// `設定要用陣列的方式傳入頂點位置跟顏色`
glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
glEnableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY);
// `計算出一個可以轉換到鏡頭座標系的矩陣`
Matrix4x4 view_matrix = GutMatrixLookAtRH(g_eye, g_lookat, g_up);
Vector4 border(-15.0f, 0.0f, -15.0f);
Vector4 grid_position = border;
const int grids_x = 30;
const int grids_z = 30;
for ( int x=0; x<grids_x; x++ )
{
int grid_x = x & 0x07;
grid_position[2] = border[2];
for ( int z=0; z<grids_z; z++ )
{
int grid_z = z & 0x07;
char c = g_map[grid_x][grid_z];
// `設定轉換矩陣`
Matrix4x4 object_matrix; object_matrix.Identity();
if ( c==0 )
{
object_matrix = view_matrix;
object_matrix.Translate(grid_position);
glLoadMatrixf( (float *) &object_matrix);
// `設定GPU要去哪讀取頂點座標資料`
glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(Vertex_VC), &g_road_vertices[0].m_Position);
// `設定GPU要去哪讀取頂點顏色資料`
glColorPointer(4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, sizeof(Vertex_VC), &g_road_vertices[0].m_RGBA);
// `畫出地板`
glDrawElements(
GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, // `指定所要畫的基本圖形種類`
4, // `有幾個索引值`
GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, // `索引值的型態`
g_road_trianglestrip_indices // `索引值陣列`
);
}
else
{
// `設定金字塔的高度`
object_matrix.Scale_Replace(1.0f, (float) c, 1.0f);
object_matrix[3] = grid_position;
Matrix4x4 world_view_matrix = object_matrix * view_matrix;
glLoadMatrixf( (float *) &world_view_matrix);
// `設定GPU要去哪讀取頂點座標資料`
glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(Vertex_VC), &g_pyramid_vertices[0].m_Position);
// `設定GPU要去哪讀取頂點顏色資料`
glColorPointer(4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, sizeof(Vertex_VC), &g_pyramid_vertices[0].m_RGBA);
// `畫出金字塔`
glDrawElements(
GL_TRIANGLE_FAN, // `指定所要畫的基本圖形種類`
6, // `有幾個索引值`
GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, // `索引值的型態`
g_pyramid_trianglefan_indices // `索引值陣列`
);
}
grid_position[2] += 1.0f;
}
grid_position[0] += 1.0f;
}
// `把背景backbuffer的畫面呈現出來`
GutSwapBuffersOpenGL();
}
