//
// AUTOTEST: static channel filter, blind equalization on QPSK symbols
//
void autotest_eqlms_cccf_blind()
{
// parameters
float tol = 2e-2f; // error tolerance
unsigned int k = 2; // samples/symbol
unsigned int m = 7; // filter delay
float beta = 0.3f; // excess bandwidth factor
unsigned int p = 7; // equalizer order
float mu = 0.7f; // equalizer bandwidth
unsigned int num_symbols = 400; // number of symbols to observe
// create sequence generator for repeatability
msequence ms = msequence_create_default(12);
// create interpolating filter
firinterp_crcf interp = firinterp_crcf_create_prototype(LIQUID_FIRFILT_ARKAISER,k,m,beta,0);
// create equalizer
eqlms_cccf eq = eqlms_cccf_create_rnyquist(LIQUID_FIRFILT_ARKAISER,k,p,beta,0);
eqlms_cccf_set_bw(eq, mu);
// create channel filter
float complex h[5] = {
{ 1.00f, 0.00f},
{ 0.00f, -0.01f},
{-0.11f, 0.02f},
{ 0.02f, 0.01f},
{-0.09f, -0.04f} };
firfilt_cccf fchannel = firfilt_cccf_create(h,5);
// arrays
float complex buf[k]; // filter buffer
float complex sym_in [num_symbols]; // input symbols
float complex sym_out[num_symbols]; // equalized symbols
// run equalization
unsigned int i;
unsigned int j;
for (i=0; i<num_symbols; i++) {
// generate input symbol
sym_in[i] = ( msequence_advance(ms) ? M_SQRT1_2 : -M_SQRT1_2 ) +
( msequence_advance(ms) ? M_SQRT1_2 : -M_SQRT1_2 ) * _Complex_I;
// interpolate
firinterp_crcf_execute(interp, sym_in[i], buf);
// apply channel filter (in place)
firfilt_cccf_execute_block(fchannel, buf, k, buf);
// apply equalizer as filter
for (j=0; j<k; j++) {
eqlms_cccf_push(eq, buf[j]);
// decimate by k
if ( (j%k) != 0 ) continue;
eqlms_cccf_execute(eq, &sym_out[i]);
// update equalization (blind operation)
if (i > m + p)
eqlms_cccf_step(eq, sym_out[i]/cabsf(sym_out[i]), sym_out[i]);
}
}
// compare input, output
unsigned int settling_delay = 285;
for (i=m+p; i<num_symbols; i++) {
// compensate for delay
j = i-m-p;
// absolute error
float error = cabsf(sym_in[j]-sym_out[i]);
if (liquid_autotest_verbose) {
printf("x[%3u] = {%12.8f,%12.8f}, y[%3u] = {%12.8f,%12.8f}, error=%12.8f %s\n",
j, crealf(sym_in [j]), cimagf(sym_in [j]),
i, crealf(sym_out[i]), cimagf(sym_out[i]),
error, error > tol ? "*" : "");
if (i == settling_delay + m + p)
printf("--- start of test ---\n");
}
// check error
if (i > settling_delay + m + p)
CONTEND_DELTA(error, 0.0f, tol);
}
// clean up objects
firfilt_cccf_destroy(fchannel);
eqlms_cccf_destroy(eq);
msequence_destroy(ms);
}
int main(int argc, char*argv[])
{
srand(time(NULL));
// options
unsigned int num_symbols=500; // number of symbols to observe
float SNRdB = 30.0f; // signal-to-noise ratio [dB]
unsigned int hc_len=5; // channel filter length
unsigned int k=2; // matched filter samples/symbol
unsigned int m=3; // matched filter delay (symbols)
float beta=0.3f; // matched filter excess bandwidth factor
unsigned int p=3; // equalizer length (symbols, hp_len = 2*k*p+1)
float mu = 0.08f; // learning rate
// modulation type/depth
modulation_scheme ms = LIQUID_MODEM_QPSK;
int dopt;
while ((dopt = getopt(argc,argv,"hn:s:c:k:m:b:p:u:M:")) != EOF) {
switch (dopt) {
case 'h': usage(); return 0;
case 'n': num_symbols = atoi(optarg); break;
case 's': SNRdB = atof(optarg); break;
case 'c': hc_len = atoi(optarg); break;
case 'k': k = atoi(optarg); break;
case 'm': m = atoi(optarg); break;
case 'b': beta = atof(optarg); break;
case 'p': p = atoi(optarg); break;
case 'u': mu = atof(optarg); break;
case 'M':
ms = liquid_getopt_str2mod(optarg);
if (ms == LIQUID_MODEM_UNKNOWN) {
fprintf(stderr,"error: %s, unknown/unsupported modulation scheme '%s'\n", argv[0], optarg);
return 1;
}
break;
default:
exit(1);
}
}
// validate input
if (num_symbols == 0) {
fprintf(stderr,"error: %s, number of symbols must be greater than zero\n", argv[0]);
exit(1);
} else if (hc_len == 0) {
fprintf(stderr,"error: %s, channel must have at least 1 tap\n", argv[0]);
exit(1);
} else if (k < 2) {
fprintf(stderr,"error: %s, samples/symbol must be at least 2\n", argv[0]);
exit(1);
} else if (m == 0) {
fprintf(stderr,"error: %s, filter semi-length must be at least 1 symbol\n", argv[0]);
exit(1);
} else if (beta < 0.0f || beta > 1.0f) {
fprintf(stderr,"error: %s, filter excess bandwidth must be in [0,1]\n", argv[0]);
exit(1);
} else if (p == 0) {
fprintf(stderr,"error: %s, equalizer semi-length must be at least 1 symbol\n", argv[0]);
exit(1);
} else if (mu < 0.0f || mu > 1.0f) {
fprintf(stderr,"error: %s, equalizer learning rate must be in [0,1]\n", argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
// derived values
unsigned int hm_len = 2*k*m+1; // matched filter length
unsigned int hp_len = 2*k*p+1; // equalizer filter length
unsigned int num_samples = k*num_symbols;
// bookkeeping variables
float complex sym_tx[num_symbols]; // transmitted data sequence
float complex x[num_samples]; // interpolated time series
float complex y[num_samples]; // channel output
float complex z[num_samples]; // equalized output
float hm[hm_len]; // matched filter response
float complex hc[hc_len]; // channel filter coefficients
float complex hp[hp_len]; // equalizer filter coefficients
unsigned int i;
// generate matched filter response
liquid_firdes_rnyquist(LIQUID_FIRFILT_RRC, k, m, beta, 0.0f, hm);
firinterp_crcf interp = firinterp_crcf_create(k, hm, hm_len);
// create the modem objects
modem mod = modem_create(ms);
modem demod = modem_create(ms);
unsigned int M = 1 << modem_get_bps(mod);
// generate channel impulse response, filter
hc[0] = 1.0f;
for (i=1; i<hc_len; i++)
hc[i] = 0.09f*(randnf() + randnf()*_Complex_I);
firfilt_cccf fchannel = firfilt_cccf_create(hc, hc_len);
// generate random symbols
for (i=0; i<num_symbols; i++)
modem_modulate(mod, rand()%M, &sym_tx[i]);
// interpolate
for (i=0; i<num_symbols; i++)
firinterp_crcf_execute(interp, sym_tx[i], &x[i*k]);
// push through channel
float nstd = powf(10.0f, -SNRdB/20.0f);
for (i=0; i<num_samples; i++) {
firfilt_cccf_push(fchannel, x[i]);
firfilt_cccf_execute(fchannel, &y[i]);
// add noise
y[i] += nstd*(randnf() + randnf()*_Complex_I)*M_SQRT1_2;
}
// push through equalizer
// create equalizer, intialized with square-root Nyquist filter
eqlms_cccf eq = eqlms_cccf_create_rnyquist(LIQUID_FIRFILT_RRC, k, p, beta, 0.0f);
eqlms_cccf_set_bw(eq, mu);
// get initialized weights
eqlms_cccf_get_weights(eq, hp);
// filtered error vector magnitude (emperical RMS error)
float evm_hat = 0.03f;
float complex d_hat = 0.0f;
for (i=0; i<num_samples; i++) {
// print filtered evm (emperical rms error)
if ( ((i+1)%50)==0 )
printf("%4u : rms error = %12.8f dB\n", i+1, 10*log10(evm_hat));
eqlms_cccf_push(eq, y[i]);
eqlms_cccf_execute(eq, &d_hat);
// store output
z[i] = d_hat;
// decimate by k
if ( (i%k) != 0 ) continue;
// estimate transmitted signal
unsigned int sym_out; // output symbol
float complex d_prime; // estimated input sample
modem_demodulate(demod, d_hat, &sym_out);
modem_get_demodulator_sample(demod, &d_prime);
// update equalizer
eqlms_cccf_step(eq, d_prime, d_hat);
// update filtered evm estimate
float evm = crealf( (d_prime-d_hat)*conjf(d_prime-d_hat) );
evm_hat = 0.98f*evm_hat + 0.02f*evm;
}
// get equalizer weights
eqlms_cccf_get_weights(eq, hp);
// destroy objects
eqlms_cccf_destroy(eq);
firinterp_crcf_destroy(interp);
firfilt_cccf_destroy(fchannel);
modem_destroy(mod);
modem_destroy(demod);
//
// export output
//
FILE * fid = fopen(OUTPUT_FILENAME,"w");
fprintf(fid,"%% %s : auto-generated file\n\n", OUTPUT_FILENAME);
fprintf(fid,"clear all\n");
fprintf(fid,"close all\n");
fprintf(fid,"k = %u;\n", k);
fprintf(fid,"m = %u;\n", m);
fprintf(fid,"num_symbols = %u;\n", num_symbols);
fprintf(fid,"num_samples = num_symbols*k;\n");
// save transmit matched-filter response
fprintf(fid,"hm_len = 2*k*m+1;\n");
fprintf(fid,"hm = zeros(1,hm_len);\n");
for (i=0; i<hm_len; i++)
fprintf(fid,"hm(%4u) = %12.4e;\n", i+1, hm[i]);
// save channel impulse response
fprintf(fid,"hc_len = %u;\n", hc_len);
fprintf(fid,"hc = zeros(1,hc_len);\n");
for (i=0; i<hc_len; i++)
fprintf(fid,"hc(%4u) = %12.4e + j*%12.4e;\n", i+1, crealf(hc[i]), cimagf(hc[i]));
// save equalizer response
fprintf(fid,"hp_len = %u;\n", hp_len);
fprintf(fid,"hp = zeros(1,hp_len);\n");
for (i=0; i<hp_len; i++)
fprintf(fid,"hp(%4u) = %12.4e + j*%12.4e;\n", i+1, crealf(hp[i]), cimagf(hp[i]));
// save sample sets
fprintf(fid,"x = zeros(1,num_samples);\n");
fprintf(fid,"y = zeros(1,num_samples);\n");
fprintf(fid,"z = zeros(1,num_samples);\n");
for (i=0; i<num_samples; i++) {
fprintf(fid,"x(%4u) = %12.4e + j*%12.4e;\n", i+1, crealf(x[i]), cimagf(x[i]));
fprintf(fid,"y(%4u) = %12.4e + j*%12.4e;\n", i+1, crealf(y[i]), cimagf(y[i]));
fprintf(fid,"z(%4u) = %12.4e + j*%12.4e;\n", i+1, crealf(z[i]), cimagf(z[i]));
}
// plot time response
fprintf(fid,"t = 0:(num_samples-1);\n");
fprintf(fid,"tsym = 1:k:num_samples;\n");
fprintf(fid,"figure;\n");
fprintf(fid,"plot(t,real(z),...\n");
fprintf(fid," t(tsym),real(z(tsym)),'x');\n");
// plot constellation
fprintf(fid,"tsym0 = tsym(1:(length(tsym)/2));\n");
fprintf(fid,"tsym1 = tsym((length(tsym)/2):end);\n");
fprintf(fid,"figure;\n");
fprintf(fid,"plot(real(z(tsym0)),imag(z(tsym0)),'x','Color',[1 1 1]*0.7,...\n");
fprintf(fid," real(z(tsym1)),imag(z(tsym1)),'x','Color',[1 1 1]*0.0);\n");
fprintf(fid,"xlabel('In-Phase');\n");
fprintf(fid,"ylabel('Quadrature');\n");
fprintf(fid,"axis([-1 1 -1 1]*1.5);\n");
fprintf(fid,"axis square;\n");
fprintf(fid,"grid on;\n");
// compute composite response
fprintf(fid,"g = real(conv(conv(hm,hc),hp));\n");
// plot responses
fprintf(fid,"nfft = 1024;\n");
fprintf(fid,"f = [0:(nfft-1)]/nfft - 0.5;\n");
fprintf(fid,"Hm = 20*log10(abs(fftshift(fft(hm/k,nfft))));\n");
fprintf(fid,"Hc = 20*log10(abs(fftshift(fft(hc, nfft))));\n");
fprintf(fid,"Hp = 20*log10(abs(fftshift(fft(hp, nfft))));\n");
fprintf(fid,"G = 20*log10(abs(fftshift(fft(g/k, nfft))));\n");
fprintf(fid,"figure;\n");
fprintf(fid,"plot(f,Hm, f,Hc, f,Hp, f,G,'-k','LineWidth',2, [-0.5/k 0.5/k],[-6.026 -6.026],'or');\n");
fprintf(fid,"xlabel('Normalized Frequency');\n");
fprintf(fid,"ylabel('Power Spectral Density');\n");
fprintf(fid,"legend('transmit','channel','equalizer','composite','half-power points',1);\n");
fprintf(fid,"axis([-0.5 0.5 -12 8]);\n");
fprintf(fid,"grid on;\n");
fclose(fid);
printf("results written to '%s'\n", OUTPUT_FILENAME);
return 0;
}