void
mag_root(mag_t y, const mag_t x, ulong n)
{
if (n == 0)
{
mag_inf(y);
}
else if (n == 1 || mag_is_special(x))
{
mag_set(y, x);
}
else if (n == 2)
{
mag_sqrt(y, x);
}
else if (n == 4)
{
mag_sqrt(y, x);
mag_sqrt(y, y);
}
else
{
fmpz_t e, f;
fmpz_init_set_ui(e, MAG_BITS);
fmpz_init(f);
/* We evaluate exp(log(1+2^(kn)x)/n) 2^-k where k is chosen
so that 2^(kn) x ~= 2^30. TODO: this rewriting is probably
unnecessary with the new exp/log functions. */
fmpz_sub(e, e, MAG_EXPREF(x));
fmpz_cdiv_q_ui(e, e, n);
fmpz_mul_ui(f, e, n);
mag_mul_2exp_fmpz(y, x, f);
mag_log1p(y, y);
mag_div_ui(y, y, n);
mag_exp(y, y);
fmpz_neg(e, e);
mag_mul_2exp_fmpz(y, y, e);
fmpz_clear(e);
fmpz_clear(f);
}
}
void
_arb_bell_sum_taylor(arb_t res, const fmpz_t n,
const fmpz_t a, const fmpz_t b, const fmpz_t mmag, long tol)
{
fmpz_t m, r, R, tmp;
mag_t B, C, D, bound;
arb_t t, u;
long wp, k, N;
if (_fmpz_sub_small(b, a) < 5)
{
arb_bell_sum_bsplit(res, n, a, b, mmag, tol);
return;
}
fmpz_init(m);
fmpz_init(r);
fmpz_init(R);
fmpz_init(tmp);
/* r = max(m - a, b - m) */
/* m = a + (b - a) / 2 */
fmpz_sub(r, b, a);
fmpz_cdiv_q_2exp(r, r, 1);
fmpz_add(m, a, r);
fmpz_mul_2exp(R, r, RADIUS_BITS);
mag_init(B);
mag_init(C);
mag_init(D);
mag_init(bound);
arb_init(t);
arb_init(u);
if (fmpz_cmp(R, m) >= 0)
{
mag_inf(C);
mag_inf(D);
}
else
{
/* C = exp(R * |F'(m)| + (1/2) R^2 * (n/(m-R)^2 + 1/(m-R))) */
/* C = exp(R * (|F'(m)| + (1/2) R * (n/(m-R) + 1)/(m-R))) */
/* D = (1/2) R * (n/(m-R) + 1)/(m-R) */
fmpz_sub(tmp, m, R);
mag_set_fmpz(D, n);
mag_div_fmpz(D, D, tmp);
mag_one(C);
mag_add(D, D, C);
mag_div_fmpz(D, D, tmp);
mag_mul_fmpz(D, D, R);
mag_mul_2exp_si(D, D, -1);
/* C = |F'(m)| */
wp = 20 + 1.05 * fmpz_bits(n);
arb_set_fmpz(t, n);
arb_div_fmpz(t, t, m, wp);
fmpz_add_ui(tmp, m, 1);
arb_set_fmpz(u, tmp);
arb_digamma(u, u, wp);
arb_sub(t, t, u, wp);
arb_get_mag(C, t);
/* C = exp(R * (C + D)) */
mag_add(C, C, D);
mag_mul_fmpz(C, C, R);
mag_exp(C, C);
}
if (mag_cmp_2exp_si(C, tol / 4 + 2) > 0)
{
_arb_bell_sum_taylor(res, n, a, m, mmag, tol);
_arb_bell_sum_taylor(t, n, m, b, mmag, tol);
arb_add(res, res, t, 2 * tol);
}
else
{
arb_ptr mx, ser1, ser2, ser3;
/* D = T(m) */
wp = 20 + 1.05 * fmpz_bits(n);
arb_set_fmpz(t, m);
arb_pow_fmpz(t, t, n, wp);
fmpz_add_ui(tmp, m, 1);
arb_gamma_fmpz(u, tmp, wp);
arb_div(t, t, u, wp);
arb_get_mag(D, t);
/* error bound: (b-a) * C * D * B^N / (1 - B), B = r/R */
/* ((b-a) * C * D * 2) * 2^(-N*RADIUS_BITS) */
/* ((b-a) * C * D * 2) */
mag_mul(bound, C, D);
mag_mul_2exp_si(bound, bound, 1);
fmpz_sub(tmp, b, a);
mag_mul_fmpz(bound, bound, tmp);
/* N = (tol + log2((b-a)*C*D*2) - mmag) / RADIUS_BITS */
if (mmag == NULL)
{
/* estimate D ~= 2^mmag */
fmpz_add_ui(tmp, MAG_EXPREF(C), tol);
fmpz_cdiv_q_ui(tmp, tmp, RADIUS_BITS);
}
else
{
fmpz_sub(tmp, MAG_EXPREF(bound), mmag);
fmpz_add_ui(tmp, tmp, tol);
fmpz_cdiv_q_ui(tmp, tmp, RADIUS_BITS);
}
if (fmpz_cmp_ui(tmp, 5 * tol / 4) > 0)
N = 5 * tol / 4;
else if (fmpz_cmp_ui(tmp, 2) < 0)
N = 2;
else
N = fmpz_get_ui(tmp);
/* multiply by 2^(-N*RADIUS_BITS) */
mag_mul_2exp_si(bound, bound, -N * RADIUS_BITS);
mx = _arb_vec_init(2);
ser1 = _arb_vec_init(N);
ser2 = _arb_vec_init(N);
ser3 = _arb_vec_init(N);
/* estimate (this should work for moderate n and tol) */
wp = 1.1 * tol + 1.05 * fmpz_bits(n) + 5;
/* increase precision until convergence */
while (1)
{
/* (m+x)^n / gamma(m+1+x) */
arb_set_fmpz(mx, m);
arb_one(mx + 1);
_arb_poly_log_series(ser1, mx, 2, N, wp);
for (k = 0; k < N; k++)
arb_mul_fmpz(ser1 + k, ser1 + k, n, wp);
arb_add_ui(mx, mx, 1, wp);
_arb_poly_lgamma_series(ser2, mx, 2, N, wp);
_arb_vec_sub(ser1, ser1, ser2, N, wp);
_arb_poly_exp_series(ser3, ser1, N, N, wp);
/* t = a - m, u = b - m */
arb_set_fmpz(t, a);
arb_sub_fmpz(t, t, m, wp);
arb_set_fmpz(u, b);
arb_sub_fmpz(u, u, m, wp);
arb_power_sum_vec(ser1, t, u, N, wp);
arb_zero(res);
for (k = 0; k < N; k++)
arb_addmul(res, ser3 + k, ser1 + k, wp);
if (mmag != NULL)
{
if (_fmpz_sub_small(MAG_EXPREF(arb_radref(res)), mmag) <= -tol)
break;
}
else
{
if (arb_rel_accuracy_bits(res) >= tol)
break;
}
wp = 2 * wp;
}
/* add the series truncation bound */
arb_add_error_mag(res, bound);
_arb_vec_clear(mx, 2);
_arb_vec_clear(ser1, N);
_arb_vec_clear(ser2, N);
_arb_vec_clear(ser3, N);
}
mag_clear(B);
mag_clear(C);
mag_clear(D);
mag_clear(bound);
arb_clear(t);
arb_clear(u);
fmpz_clear(m);
fmpz_clear(r);
fmpz_clear(R);
fmpz_clear(tmp);
}