/* Try to map overlapped memory range */
static void test_unmap_double_map(void **state)
{
uc_engine *uc = *state;
uc_assert_success(uc_mem_map(uc, 0, 0x4000, 0)); /* 0x0000 - 0x4000 */
uc_assert_fail(uc_mem_map(uc, 0x0000, 0x1000, 0)); /* 0x1000 - 0x1000 */
}
static void test_overlap_unmap_double_map(void **state)
{
uc_engine *uc = *state;
uc_mem_map( uc, 0x1000, 0x2000, 0);
uc_mem_map( uc, 0x1000, 0x1000, 0);
uc_mem_unmap(uc, 0x2000, 0x1000);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp)
{
uc_engine *uc;
uc_hook trace1, trace2;
uc_err err;
uint32_t eax, ebx;
printf("Memory protections test\n");
// Initialize emulator in X86-32bit mode
err = uc_open(UC_ARCH_X86, UC_MODE_32, &uc);
if (err) {
printf("Failed on uc_open() with error returned: %u\n", err);
return 1;
}
uc_mem_map(uc, 0x100000, 0x1000, UC_PROT_READ);
uc_mem_map(uc, 0x300000, 0x1000, UC_PROT_READ | UC_PROT_WRITE);
uc_mem_map(uc, 0x400000, 0x1000, UC_PROT_WRITE);
// write machine code to be emulated to memory
if (uc_mem_write(uc, 0x100000, PROGRAM, sizeof(PROGRAM))) {
printf("Failed to write emulation code to memory, quit!\n");
return 2;
} else {
printf("Allowed to write to read only memory via uc_mem_write\n");
}
uc_mem_write(uc, 0x300000, (const uint8_t*)"\x41\x41\x41\x41", 4);
uc_mem_write(uc, 0x400000, (const uint8_t*)"\x42\x42\x42\x42", 4);
//uc_hook_add(uc, &trace2, UC_HOOK_CODE, hook_code, NULL, (uint64_t)0x400000, (uint64_t)0x400fff);
// intercept invalid memory events
uc_hook_add(uc, &trace1, UC_MEM_READ_PROT, hook_mem_invalid, NULL);
// emulate machine code in infinite time
printf("BEGIN execution\n");
err = uc_emu_start(uc, 0x100000, 0x100000 + sizeof(PROGRAM), 0, 2);
if (err) {
printf("Expected failure on uc_emu_start() with error returned %u: %s\n",
err, uc_strerror(err));
} else {
printf("UNEXPECTED uc_emu_start returned UC_ERR_OK\n");
}
printf("END execution\n");
uc_reg_read(uc, UC_X86_REG_EAX, &eax);
printf("Final eax = 0x%x\n", eax);
uc_reg_read(uc, UC_X86_REG_EBX, &ebx);
printf("Final ebx = 0x%x\n", ebx);
uc_close(uc);
return 0;
}
static void VM_exec()
{
int c;
uc_engine *uc;
uc_err err;
// Initialize emulator in X86-64bit mode
err = uc_open(UC_ARCH_X86, UC_MODE_32, &uc);
if(err)
{
printf("Failed on uc_open() with error returned: %s\n", uc_strerror(err));
return;
}
repeat:
err = uc_mem_map(uc, ADDRESS1, SIZE, UC_PROT_ALL);
if(err != UC_ERR_OK)
{
printf("Failed to map memory %s\n", uc_strerror(err));
goto err;
}
err = uc_mem_map(uc, ADDRESS2, SIZE, UC_PROT_ALL);
if(err != UC_ERR_OK)
{
printf("Failed to map memory %s\n", uc_strerror(err));
goto err;
}
err = uc_mem_unmap(uc, ADDRESS1, SIZE);
if(err != UC_ERR_OK)
{
printf("Failed to unmap memory %s\n", uc_strerror(err));
goto err;
}
err = uc_mem_unmap(uc, ADDRESS2, SIZE);
if(err != UC_ERR_OK)
{
printf("Failed to unmap memory %s\n", uc_strerror(err));
goto err;
}
for(;;)
{
c = getchar(); //pause here and analyse memory usage before exiting with a program like VMMap;
if(c != 'e')
goto repeat;
else
break;
}
err:
uc_close(uc);
}
static void test_strange_map(void **state)
{
uc_engine *uc = *state;
uc_mem_map( uc, 0x0,0x3000,0);
uc_mem_unmap(uc, 0x1000,0x1000);
uc_mem_map( uc, 0x3000,0x1000,0);
uc_mem_map( uc, 0x4000,0x1000,0);
uc_mem_map( uc, 0x1000,0x1000,0);
uc_mem_map( uc, 0x5000,0x1000,0);
uc_mem_unmap(uc, 0x0,0x1000);
}
// emulate code that jumps to invalid memory
static void test_i386_jump_invalid(void **state)
{
uc_engine *uc;
uc_err err;
static const uint64_t address = 0x1000000;
static const uint8_t code[] = {
0xE9, 0xE9, 0xEE, 0xEE, 0xEE, // jmp 0xEEEEEEEE
};
// Initialize emulator in X86-32bit mode
err = uc_open(UC_ARCH_X86, UC_MODE_32, &uc);
uc_assert_success(err);
// map 2MB memory for this emulation
err = uc_mem_map(uc, address, 2 * 1024 * 1024, UC_PROT_ALL);
uc_assert_success(err);
// write machine code to be emulated to memory
err = uc_mem_write(uc, address, code, sizeof(code));
uc_assert_success(err);
// emulate machine code in infinite time
err = uc_emu_start(uc, address, address+sizeof(code), 0, 0);
uc_assert_err(UC_ERR_FETCH_UNMAPPED, err);
uc_assert_success(uc_close(uc));
}
// callback for tracing invalid memory access (READ or WRITE)
static bool hook_mem_invalid(uc_engine *uc, uc_mem_type type,
uint64_t addr, int size, int64_t value, void *user_data)
{
uint32_t testval;
switch(type) {
default:
printf("not ok %d - memory invalid type: %d at 0x%" PRIx64 "\n", log_num++, type, addr);
return false;
case UC_MEM_WRITE_UNMAPPED:
printf("# write to invalid memory at 0x%"PRIx64 ", data size = %u, data value = 0x%"PRIx64 "\n", addr, size, value);
if (uc_mem_read(uc, addr, &testval, sizeof(testval)) != UC_ERR_OK) {
printf("ok %d - uc_mem_read fail for address: 0x%" PRIx64 "\n", log_num++, addr);
} else {
printf("not ok %d - uc_mem_read success after unmap at test %d\n", log_num++, test_num - 1);
}
if (uc_mem_map(uc, addr & ~0xfffL, 0x1000, UC_PROT_READ | UC_PROT_WRITE) != UC_ERR_OK) {
printf("not ok %d - uc_mem_map fail during hook_mem_invalid callback, addr: 0x%" PRIx64 "\n", log_num++, addr);
} else {
printf("ok %d - uc_mem_map success\n", log_num++);
}
return true;
}
}
// callback for tracing memory access (READ or WRITE)
static bool hook_mem_invalid(uc_engine *uc, uc_mem_type type,
uint64_t address, int size, int64_t value, void *user_data)
{
uint32_t esp;
uc_reg_read(uc, UC_X86_REG_ESP, &esp);
switch(type) {
default:
// return false to indicate we want to stop emulation
return false;
case UC_MEM_WRITE:
//if this is a push, esp has not been adjusted yet
if (esp == (address + size)) {
uint32_t upper;
upper = (esp + 0xfff) & ~0xfff;
printf(">>> Stack appears to be missing at 0x%"PRIx64 ", allocating now\n", address);
// map this memory in with 2MB in size
uc_mem_map(uc, upper - 0x8000, 0x8000, UC_PROT_READ | UC_PROT_WRITE);
// return true to indicate we want to continue
return true;
}
printf(">>> Missing memory is being WRITTEN at 0x%"PRIx64 ", data size = %u, data value = 0x%"PRIx64 "\n",
address, size, value);
return false;
case UC_MEM_WRITE_PROT:
printf(">>> RO memory is being WRITTEN at 0x%"PRIx64 ", data size = %u, data value = 0x%"PRIx64 "\n",
address, size, value);
return false;
}
}
int main()
{
int size;
uint8_t *buf;
uc_engine *uc;
uc_hook uh_trap;
uc_err err = uc_open (UC_ARCH_X86, UC_MODE_64, &uc);
if (err) {
fprintf (stderr, "Cannot initialize unicorn\n");
return 1;
}
size = UC_BUG_WRITE_SIZE;
buf = malloc (size);
if (!buf) {
fprintf (stderr, "Cannot allocate\n");
return 1;
}
memset (buf, 0, size);
if (!uc_mem_map(uc, UC_BUG_WRITE_ADDR, size, UC_PROT_ALL)) {
uc_mem_write(uc, UC_BUG_WRITE_ADDR,
(const uint8_t*)"\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff", 8);
}
uc_hook_add(uc, &uh_trap, UC_HOOK_INTR, _interrupt, NULL, 1, 0);
uc_emu_start(uc, UC_BUG_WRITE_ADDR, UC_BUG_WRITE_ADDR+8, 0, 1);
uc_close(uc);
printf ("Correct: %s\n", got_sigill? "YES": "NO");
return got_sigill? 0: 1;
}
/**
* A basic test showing mapping of memory, and reading/writing it
*/
static void test_basic(void **state)
{
uc_engine *uc = *state;
const uint64_t mem_start = 0x1000;
const uint64_t mem_len = 0x1000;
const uint64_t test_addr = mem_start + 0x100;
/* Map a region */
uc_assert_success(uc_mem_map(uc, mem_start, mem_len, UC_PROT_NONE));
/* Write some data to it */
uc_assert_success(uc_mem_write(uc, test_addr, "test", 4));
uint8_t buf[4];
memset(buf, 0xCC, sizeof(buf));
/* Read it back */
uc_assert_success(uc_mem_read(uc, test_addr, buf, sizeof(buf)));
/* And make sure it matches what we expect */
assert_memory_equal(buf, "test", 4);
/* Unmap the region */
//uc_assert_success(uc_mem_unmap(uc, mem_start, mem_len));
}
static bool hook_invalid_mem(uc_engine *uc, uc_mem_type type, uint64_t address, int size, int64_t value, void *user_data)
{
uc_err err;
uint64_t address_align = TARGET_PAGE_ALIGN(address);
if(address == 0)
{
printf("Address is 0, proof 0x%" PRIx64 "\n", address);
return false;
}
switch(type)
{
default:
return false;
break;
case UC_MEM_WRITE_UNMAPPED:
printf("Mapping write address 0x%" PRIx64 " to aligned 0x%" PRIx64 "\n", address, address_align);
err = uc_mem_map(uc, address_align, PAGE_8K, UC_PROT_ALL);
if(err != UC_ERR_OK)
{
printf("Failed to map memory on UC_MEM_WRITE_UNMAPPED %s\n", uc_strerror(err));
return false;
}
return true;
break;
case UC_MEM_READ_UNMAPPED:
printf("Mapping read address 0x%" PRIx64 " to aligned 0x%" PRIx64 "\n", address, address_align);
err = uc_mem_map(uc, address_align, PAGE_8K, UC_PROT_ALL);
if(err != UC_ERR_OK)
{
printf("Failed to map memory on UC_MEM_READ_UNMAPPED %s\n", uc_strerror(err));
return false;
}
return true;
break;
}
}
static void test_arm(void)
{
uc_engine *uc;
uc_err err;
uc_hook trace1, trace2;
int r0 = 0x1234; // R0 register
int r2 = 0x6789; // R1 register
int r3 = 0x3333; // R2 register
int r1; // R1 register
printf("Emulate ARM code\n");
// Initialize emulator in ARM mode
err = uc_open(UC_ARCH_ARM, UC_MODE_ARM, &uc);
if (err) {
printf("Failed on uc_open() with error returned: %u (%s)\n",
err, uc_strerror(err));
return;
}
// map 2MB memory for this emulation
uc_mem_map(uc, ADDRESS, 2 * 1024 * 1024, UC_PROT_ALL);
// write machine code to be emulated to memory
uc_mem_write(uc, ADDRESS, ARM_CODE, sizeof(ARM_CODE) - 1);
// initialize machine registers
uc_reg_write(uc, UC_ARM_REG_R0, &r0);
uc_reg_write(uc, UC_ARM_REG_R2, &r2);
uc_reg_write(uc, UC_ARM_REG_R3, &r3);
// tracing all basic blocks with customized callback
uc_hook_add(uc, &trace1, UC_HOOK_BLOCK, hook_block, NULL, 1, 0);
// tracing one instruction at ADDRESS with customized callback
uc_hook_add(uc, &trace2, UC_HOOK_CODE, hook_code, NULL, ADDRESS, ADDRESS);
// emulate machine code in infinite time (last param = 0), or when
// finishing all the code.
err = uc_emu_start(uc, ADDRESS, ADDRESS + sizeof(ARM_CODE) -1, UC_SECOND_SCALE * TIMEOUT, 0);
if (err) {
printf("Failed on uc_emu_start() with error returned: %u\n", err);
}
// now print out some registers
printf(">>> Emulation done. Below is the CPU context\n");
uc_reg_read(uc, UC_ARM_REG_R0, &r0);
uc_reg_read(uc, UC_ARM_REG_R1, &r1);
printf(">>> R0 = 0x%x\n", r0);
printf(">>> R1 = 0x%x\n", r1);
uc_close(uc);
}
// emulate code that jump to invalid memory
static void test_i386_jump_invalid(void)
{
uc_engine *uc;
uc_err err;
uc_hook trace1, trace2;
int r_ecx = 0x1234; // ECX register
int r_edx = 0x7890; // EDX register
printf("===================================\n");
printf("Emulate i386 code that jumps to invalid memory\n");
// Initialize emulator in X86-32bit mode
err = uc_open(UC_ARCH_X86, UC_MODE_32, &uc);
if (err) {
printf("Failed on uc_open() with error returned: %u\n", err);
return;
}
// map 2MB memory for this emulation
uc_mem_map(uc, ADDRESS, 2 * 1024 * 1024, UC_PROT_ALL);
// write machine code to be emulated to memory
if (uc_mem_write(uc, ADDRESS, X86_CODE32_JMP_INVALID, sizeof(X86_CODE32_JMP_INVALID) - 1)) {
printf("Failed to write emulation code to memory, quit!\n");
return;
}
// initialize machine registers
uc_reg_write(uc, UC_X86_REG_ECX, &r_ecx);
uc_reg_write(uc, UC_X86_REG_EDX, &r_edx);
// tracing all basic blocks with customized callback
uc_hook_add(uc, &trace1, UC_HOOK_BLOCK, hook_block, NULL, 1, 0);
// tracing all instructions by having @begin > @end
uc_hook_add(uc, &trace2, UC_HOOK_CODE, hook_code, NULL, 1, 0);
// emulate machine code in infinite time
err = uc_emu_start(uc, ADDRESS, ADDRESS + sizeof(X86_CODE32_JMP_INVALID) - 1, 0, 0);
if (err) {
printf("Failed on uc_emu_start() with error returned %u: %s\n",
err, uc_strerror(err));
}
// now print out some registers
printf(">>> Emulation done. Below is the CPU context\n");
uc_reg_read(uc, UC_X86_REG_ECX, &r_ecx);
uc_reg_read(uc, UC_X86_REG_EDX, &r_edx);
printf(">>> ECX = 0x%x\n", r_ecx);
printf(">>> EDX = 0x%x\n", r_edx);
uc_close(uc);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp)
{
uc_engine *uc;
uc_hook trace1, trace2;
uc_err err;
// Initialize emulator in X86-32bit mode
err = uc_open(UC_ARCH_X86, UC_MODE_32, &uc);
if (err) {
printf("not ok - Failed on uc_open() with error returned: %u\n", err);
return -1;
}
uc_mem_map(uc, 0x1000, 0x1000, UC_PROT_ALL);
if (err) {
printf("not ok - Failed on uc_mem_map() with error returned: %u\n", err);
return -1;
}
uc_mem_map(uc, 0x4000, 0x1000, UC_PROT_ALL);
if (err) {
printf("not ok - Failed on uc_mem_map() with error returned: %u\n", err);
return -1;
}
err = uc_mem_unmap(uc, 0x4000, 0x1000);
if (err) {
printf("not ok - Failed on uc_mem_unmap() with error returned: %u\n", err);
return -1;
}
err = uc_mem_unmap(uc, 0x4000, 0x1000);
if (!err) {
printf("not ok - second unmap succeeded\n");
return -1;
}
printf("Tests OK\n");
uc_close(uc);
return 0;
}
static void test_sparc(void)
{
uc_engine *uc;
uc_err err;
uc_hook trace1, trace2;
int g1 = 0x1230; // G1 register
int g2 = 0x6789; // G2 register
int g3 = 0x5555; // G3 register
printf("Emulate SPARC code\n");
// Initialize emulator in Sparc mode
err = uc_open(UC_ARCH_SPARC, UC_MODE_32, &uc);
if (err) {
printf("Failed on uc_open() with error returned: %u (%s)\n",
err, uc_strerror(err));
return;
}
// map 2MB memory for this emulation
uc_mem_map(uc, ADDRESS, 2 * 1024 * 1024, UC_PROT_ALL);
// write machine code to be emulated to memory
uc_mem_write(uc, ADDRESS, SPARC_CODE, sizeof(SPARC_CODE) - 1);
// initialize machine registers
uc_reg_write(uc, UC_SPARC_REG_G1, &g1);
uc_reg_write(uc, UC_SPARC_REG_G2, &g2);
uc_reg_write(uc, UC_SPARC_REG_G3, &g3);
// tracing all basic blocks with customized callback
uc_hook_add(uc, &trace1, UC_HOOK_BLOCK, hook_block, NULL, (uint64_t)1, (uint64_t)0);
// tracing all instructions with customized callback
uc_hook_add(uc, &trace2, UC_HOOK_CODE, hook_code, NULL, (uint64_t)1, (uint64_t)0);
// emulate machine code in infinite time (last param = 0), or when
// finishing all the code.
err = uc_emu_start(uc, ADDRESS, ADDRESS + sizeof(SPARC_CODE) - 1, 0, 0);
if (err) {
printf("Failed on uc_emu_start() with error returned: %u (%s)\n",
err, uc_strerror(err));
}
// now print out some registers
printf(">>> Emulation done. Below is the CPU context\n");
uc_reg_read(uc, UC_SPARC_REG_G3, &g3);
printf(">>> G3 = 0x%x\n", g3);
uc_close(uc);
}
//if a read is performed from a big address whith a non-zero last digit, multiple read events are triggered
static void test_high_address_reads(void **state)
{
uc_engine *uc = *state;
uc_hook trace2;
uint64_t addr = 0x0010000000000001;
//addr = 0x0010000000000000; // uncomment to fix wrong? behaviour
//addr = 90000000; // uncomment to fix wrong? behaviour
//
uc_mem_map(uc, addr-(addr%4096), 4096*2, UC_PROT_ALL);
uc_assert_success(uc_reg_write(uc, UC_X86_REG_RAX, &addr));
const uint64_t base_addr = 0x40000;
uint8_t code[] = {0x48,0x8b,0x00,0x90,0x90,0x90,0x90}; // mov rax, [rax], nops
uc_assert_success(uc_mem_map(uc, base_addr, 4096, UC_PROT_ALL));
uc_assert_success(uc_mem_write(uc, base_addr, code, 7));
uc_assert_success(uc_hook_add(uc, &trace2, UC_HOOK_MEM_READ, hook_mem64, NULL, (uint64_t)1, (uint64_t)0));
uc_assert_success(uc_emu_start(uc, base_addr, base_addr + 3, 0, 0));
if(number_of_memory_reads != 1) {
fail_msg("wrong number of memory reads for instruction %i", number_of_memory_reads);
}
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
uc_engine *uc;
uc_hook trace;
uc_err err;
uint8_t memory[MEM_SIZE];
if (argc == 1) {
usage(argv[0]);
return -1;
}
const char *fname = argv[1];
err = uc_open (UC_ARCH_X86, UC_MODE_16, &uc);
if (err) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot initialize unicorn\n");
return 1;
}
// map 64KB in
if (uc_mem_map (uc, 0, MEM_SIZE, UC_PROT_ALL)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to write emulation code to memory, quit!\n");
uc_close(uc);
return 0;
}
// initialize internal settings
int21_init();
//load executable
size_t fsize = load_com(uc, memory, fname);
// setup PSP
setup_psp(0, memory, argc, argv);
// write machine code to be emulated in, including the prefix PSP
uc_mem_write(uc, 0, memory, DOS_ADDR + fsize);
// handle interrupt ourself
uc_hook_add(uc, &trace, UC_HOOK_INTR, hook_intr, NULL);
err = uc_emu_start(uc, DOS_ADDR, DOS_ADDR + 0x10000, 0, 0);
if (err) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed on uc_emu_start() with error returned %u: %s\n",
err, uc_strerror(err));
}
uc_close(uc);
return 0;
}
/**
* Verify that we can read/write across memory map region boundaries
*/
static void test_rw_across_boundaries(void **state)
{
uc_engine *uc = *state;
/* Map in two adjacent regions */
uc_assert_success(uc_mem_map(uc, 0, 0x1000, 0)); /* 0x0000 - 0x1000 */
uc_assert_success(uc_mem_map(uc, 0x1000, 0x1000, 0)); /* 0x1000 - 0x2000 */
const uint64_t addr = 0x1000 - 2; /* 2 bytes before end of block */
/* Write some data across the boundary */
uc_assert_success(uc_mem_write(uc, addr, "test", 4));
uint8_t buf[4];
memset(buf, 0xCC, sizeof(buf));
/* Read the data across the boundary */
uc_assert_success(uc_mem_read(uc, addr, buf, sizeof(buf)));
assert_memory_equal(buf, "test", 4);
}
// mapping the last pages will silently fail
static void test_last_page_map(void **state)
{
uc_engine *uc = *state;
uint8_t writebuf[0x10];
memset(writebuf, 0xCC, sizeof(writebuf));
const uint64_t mem_len = 0x1000;
const uint64_t last_page = 0xfffffffffffff000;
uc_assert_success(uc_mem_map(uc, last_page, mem_len, UC_PROT_NONE));
uc_assert_success(uc_mem_write(uc, last_page, writebuf, sizeof(writebuf)));
}
static void test_arm64(void)
{
uc_engine *uc;
uc_err err;
uc_hook trace1, trace2;
int64_t x11 = 0x1234; // X11 register
int64_t x13 = 0x6789; // X13 register
int64_t x15 = 0x3333; // X15 register
printf("Emulate ARM64 code\n");
// Initialize emulator in ARM mode
err = uc_open(UC_ARCH_ARM64, UC_MODE_ARM, &uc);
if (err) {
printf("Failed on uc_open() with error returned: %u (%s)\n",
err, uc_strerror(err));
return;
}
// map 2MB memory for this emulation
uc_mem_map(uc, ADDRESS, 2 * 1024 * 1024, UC_PROT_ALL);
// write machine code to be emulated to memory
uc_mem_write(uc, ADDRESS, ARM_CODE, sizeof(ARM_CODE) - 1);
// initialize machine registers
uc_reg_write(uc, UC_ARM64_REG_X11, &x11);
uc_reg_write(uc, UC_ARM64_REG_X13, &x13);
uc_reg_write(uc, UC_ARM64_REG_X15, &x15);
// tracing all basic blocks with customized callback
uc_hook_add(uc, &trace1, UC_HOOK_BLOCK, hook_block, NULL, (uint64_t)1, (uint64_t)0);
// tracing one instruction at ADDRESS with customized callback
uc_hook_add(uc, &trace2, UC_HOOK_CODE, hook_code, NULL, (uint64_t)ADDRESS, (uint64_t)ADDRESS);
// emulate machine code in infinite time (last param = 0), or when
// finishing all the code.
err = uc_emu_start(uc, ADDRESS, ADDRESS + sizeof(ARM_CODE) -1, 0, 0);
if (err) {
printf("Failed on uc_emu_start() with error returned: %u\n", err);
}
// now print out some registers
printf(">>> Emulation done. Below is the CPU context\n");
uc_reg_read(uc, UC_ARM64_REG_X11, &x11);
printf(">>> X11 = 0x%" PRIx64 "\n", x11);
uc_close(uc);
}
static void test_x86_16(void)
{
uc_engine *uc;
uc_err err;
uint8_t tmp;
int32_t eax = 7;
int32_t ebx = 5;
int32_t esi = 6;
printf("Emulate x86 16-bit code\n");
// Initialize emulator in X86-16bit mode
err = uc_open(UC_ARCH_X86, UC_MODE_16, &uc);
if (err) {
printf("Failed on uc_open() with error returned: %u\n", err);
return;
}
// map 8KB memory for this emulation
uc_mem_map(uc, 0, 8 * 1024, UC_PROT_ALL);
// write machine code to be emulated to memory
if (uc_mem_write(uc, 0, X86_CODE16, sizeof(X86_CODE16) - 1)) {
printf("Failed to write emulation code to memory, quit!\n");
return;
}
// initialize machine registers
uc_reg_write(uc, UC_X86_REG_EAX, &eax);
uc_reg_write(uc, UC_X86_REG_EBX, &ebx);
uc_reg_write(uc, UC_X86_REG_ESI, &esi);
// emulate machine code in infinite time (last param = 0), or when
// finishing all the code.
err = uc_emu_start(uc, 0, sizeof(X86_CODE16) - 1, 0, 0);
if (err) {
printf("Failed on uc_emu_start() with error returned %u: %s\n",
err, uc_strerror(err));
}
// now print out some registers
printf(">>> Emulation done. Below is the CPU context\n");
// read from memory
if (!uc_mem_read(uc, 11, &tmp, 1))
printf(">>> Read 1 bytes from [0x%x] = 0x%x\n", 11, tmp);
else
printf(">>> Failed to read 1 bytes from [0x%x]\n", 11);
uc_close(uc);
}
static void test_basic_blocks(void **state)
{
uc_engine *uc = *state;
uc_hook trace1, trace2;
#define BASEADDR 0x1000000
uint64_t address = BASEADDR;
const uint8_t code[] = {
0x33, 0xC0, // xor eax, eax
0x90, // nop
0x90, // nop
0xEB, 0x00, // jmp $+2
0x90, // nop
0x90, // nop
0x90, // nop
};
static const struct bb blocks[] = {
{BASEADDR, 6},
{BASEADDR+ 6, 3},
};
struct bbtest bbtest = {
.blocks = blocks,
.blocknum = 0,
};
#undef BASEADDR
// map 2MB memory for this emulation
OK(uc_mem_map(uc, address, 2 * 1024 * 1024, UC_PROT_ALL));
// write machine code to be emulated to memory
OK(uc_mem_write(uc, address, code, sizeof(code)));
// trace all basic blocks
OK(uc_hook_add(uc, &trace1, UC_HOOK_BLOCK, test_basic_blocks_hook, &bbtest, (uint64_t)1, (uint64_t)0));
OK(uc_hook_add(uc, &trace2, UC_HOOK_BLOCK, test_basic_blocks_hook2, &bbtest, (uint64_t)1, (uint64_t)0));
OK(uc_emu_start(uc, address, address+sizeof(code), 0, 0));
}
int main(void)
{
const struct CMUnitTest tests[] = {
cmocka_unit_test_setup_teardown(test_basic_blocks, setup32, teardown),
};
return cmocka_run_group_tests(tests, NULL, NULL);
}
//if a read is performed from a big address whith a non-zero last digit, 0 will be read
static void test_high_address_read_values(void **state)
{
uc_engine *uc = *state;
uint64_t addr = 0x0010000000000001;
//addr = 0x000ffffffffffff8; // uncomment to fix wrong behaviour
//addr = 90000000; // uncomment to fix wrong behaviour
//
uint8_t content[] = {0x42,0x42,0x42,0x42, 0x42,0x42,0x42,0x42};
uc_assert_success(uc_mem_map(uc, addr-(addr%4096), 4096*2, UC_PROT_ALL));
uc_assert_success(uc_mem_write(uc, addr, content, 8));
uc_assert_success(uc_reg_write(uc, UC_X86_REG_RAX, &addr));
const uint64_t base_addr = 0x40000;
uint8_t code[] = {0x48,0x8b,0x00,0x90,0x90,0x90,0x90}; // mov rax, [rax], nops
uc_assert_success(uc_mem_map(uc, base_addr, 4096, UC_PROT_ALL));
uc_assert_success(uc_mem_write(uc, base_addr, code, 7));
uc_assert_success(uc_emu_start(uc, base_addr, base_addr + 3, 0, 0));
uint64_t rax = 0;
uc_assert_success(uc_reg_read(uc, UC_X86_REG_RAX, &rax));
if(rax != 0x4242424242424242) {
fail_msg("wrong memory read from code %"PRIx64, rax);
}
}
static void test_x86_64_syscall(void)
{
uc_engine *uc;
uc_hook trace1;
uc_err err;
int64_t rax = 0x100;
printf("===================================\n");
printf("Emulate x86_64 code with 'syscall' instruction\n");
// Initialize emulator in X86-64bit mode
err = uc_open(UC_ARCH_X86, UC_MODE_64, &uc);
if (err) {
printf("Failed on uc_open() with error returned: %u\n", err);
return;
}
// map 2MB memory for this emulation
uc_mem_map(uc, ADDRESS, 2 * 1024 * 1024, UC_PROT_ALL);
// write machine code to be emulated to memory
if (uc_mem_write(uc, ADDRESS, X86_CODE64_SYSCALL, sizeof(X86_CODE64_SYSCALL) - 1)) {
printf("Failed to write emulation code to memory, quit!\n");
return;
}
// hook interrupts for syscall
uc_hook_add(uc, &trace1, UC_HOOK_INSN, hook_syscall, NULL, 1, 0, UC_X86_INS_SYSCALL);
// initialize machine registers
uc_reg_write(uc, UC_X86_REG_RAX, &rax);
// emulate machine code in infinite time (last param = 0), or when
// finishing all the code.
err = uc_emu_start(uc, ADDRESS, ADDRESS + sizeof(X86_CODE64_SYSCALL) - 1, 0, 0);
if (err) {
printf("Failed on uc_emu_start() with error returned %u: %s\n",
err, uc_strerror(err));
}
// now print out some registers
printf(">>> Emulation done. Below is the CPU context\n");
uc_reg_read(uc, UC_X86_REG_RAX, &rax);
printf(">>> RAX = 0x%" PRIx64 "\n", rax);
uc_close(uc);
}
static void test_mips_el(void)
{
uc_engine *uc;
uc_err err;
uc_hook trace1, trace2;
int r1 = 0x6789; // R1 register
printf("===========================\n");
printf("Emulate MIPS code (little-endian)\n");
// Initialize emulator in MIPS mode
err = uc_open(UC_ARCH_MIPS, UC_MODE_MIPS32, &uc);
if (err) {
printf("Failed on uc_open() with error returned: %u (%s)\n",
err, uc_strerror(err));
return;
}
// map 2MB memory for this emulation
uc_mem_map(uc, ADDRESS, 2 * 1024 * 1024, UC_PROT_ALL);
// write machine code to be emulated to memory
uc_mem_write(uc, ADDRESS, MIPS_CODE_EL, sizeof(MIPS_CODE_EL) - 1);
// initialize machine registers
uc_reg_write(uc, UC_MIPS_REG_1, &r1);
// tracing all basic blocks with customized callback
uc_hook_add(uc, &trace1, UC_HOOK_BLOCK, hook_block, NULL, (uint64_t)1, (uint64_t)0);
// tracing one instruction at ADDRESS with customized callback
uc_hook_add(uc, &trace2, UC_HOOK_CODE, hook_code, NULL, (uint64_t)ADDRESS, (uint64_t)ADDRESS);
// emulate machine code in infinite time (last param = 0), or when
// finishing all the code.
err = uc_emu_start(uc, ADDRESS, ADDRESS + sizeof(MIPS_CODE_EL) - 1, 0, 0);
if (err) {
printf("Failed on uc_emu_start() with error returned: %u (%s)\n", err, uc_strerror(err));
}
// now print out some registers
printf(">>> Emulation done. Below is the CPU context\n");
uc_reg_read(uc, UC_MIPS_REG_1, &r1);
printf(">>> R1 = 0x%x\n", r1);
uc_close(uc);
}
// emulate code that loop forever
static void test_i386_loop(void)
{
uc_engine *uc;
uc_err err;
int r_ecx = 0x1234; // ECX register
int r_edx = 0x7890; // EDX register
printf("===================================\n");
printf("Emulate i386 code that loop forever\n");
// Initialize emulator in X86-32bit mode
err = uc_open(UC_ARCH_X86, UC_MODE_32, &uc);
if (err) {
printf("Failed on uc_open() with error returned: %u\n", err);
return;
}
// map 2MB memory for this emulation
uc_mem_map(uc, ADDRESS, 2 * 1024 * 1024, UC_PROT_ALL);
// write machine code to be emulated to memory
if (uc_mem_write(uc, ADDRESS, X86_CODE32_LOOP, sizeof(X86_CODE32_LOOP) - 1)) {
printf("Failed to write emulation code to memory, quit!\n");
return;
}
// initialize machine registers
uc_reg_write(uc, UC_X86_REG_ECX, &r_ecx);
uc_reg_write(uc, UC_X86_REG_EDX, &r_edx);
// emulate machine code in 2 seconds, so we can quit even
// if the code loops
err = uc_emu_start(uc, ADDRESS, ADDRESS + sizeof(X86_CODE32_LOOP) - 1, 2 * UC_SECOND_SCALE, 0);
if (err) {
printf("Failed on uc_emu_start() with error returned %u: %s\n",
err, uc_strerror(err));
}
// now print out some registers
printf(">>> Emulation done. Below is the CPU context\n");
uc_reg_read(uc, UC_X86_REG_ECX, &r_ecx);
uc_reg_read(uc, UC_X86_REG_EDX, &r_edx);
printf(">>> ECX = 0x%x\n", r_ecx);
printf(">>> EDX = 0x%x\n", r_edx);
uc_close(uc);
}
static void test_thumb(void)
{
uc_engine *uc;
uc_err err;
uc_hook trace1, trace2;
int sp = 0x1234; // R0 register
printf("Emulate THUMB code\n");
// Initialize emulator in ARM mode
err = uc_open(UC_ARCH_ARM, UC_MODE_THUMB, &uc);
if (err) {
printf("Failed on uc_open() with error returned: %u (%s)\n",
err, uc_strerror(err));
return;
}
// map 2MB memory for this emulation
uc_mem_map(uc, ADDRESS, 2 * 1024 * 1024, UC_PROT_ALL);
// write machine code to be emulated to memory
uc_mem_write(uc, ADDRESS, THUMB_CODE, sizeof(THUMB_CODE) - 1);
// initialize machine registers
uc_reg_write(uc, UC_ARM_REG_SP, &sp);
// tracing all basic blocks with customized callback
uc_hook_add(uc, &trace1, UC_HOOK_BLOCK, hook_block, NULL, 1, 0);
// tracing one instruction at ADDRESS with customized callback
uc_hook_add(uc, &trace2, UC_HOOK_CODE, hook_code, NULL, ADDRESS, ADDRESS);
// emulate machine code in infinite time (last param = 0), or when
// finishing all the code.
// Note we start at ADDRESS | 1 to indicate THUMB mode.
err = uc_emu_start(uc, ADDRESS | 1, ADDRESS + sizeof(THUMB_CODE) -1, 0, 0);
if (err) {
printf("Failed on uc_emu_start() with error returned: %u\n", err);
}
// now print out some registers
printf(">>> Emulation done. Below is the CPU context\n");
uc_reg_read(uc, UC_ARM_REG_SP, &sp);
printf(">>> SP = 0x%x\n", sp);
uc_close(uc);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp) {
uc_engine *uc;
if (uc_open(UC_ARCH_X86, UC_MODE_64, &uc)) {
printf("uc_open(…) failed\n");
return 1;
}
uc_mem_map(uc, STARTING_ADDRESS, MEMORY_SIZE, UC_PROT_ALL);
if (uc_mem_write(uc, STARTING_ADDRESS, BINARY, sizeof(BINARY) - 1)) {
printf("uc_mem_write(…) failed\n");
return 1;
}
printf("uc_emu_start(…)\n");
uc_emu_start(uc, STARTING_ADDRESS, STARTING_ADDRESS + sizeof(BINARY) - 1, 0, 20);
printf("done\n");
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp) {
uc_engine *uc;
if (uc_open(HARDWARE_ARCHITECTURE, HARDWARE_MODE, &uc)) {
printf("uc_open(…) failed\n");
return 1;
}
uc_mem_map(uc, MEMORY_STARTING_ADDRESS, MEMORY_SIZE, MEMORY_PERMISSIONS);
if (uc_mem_write(uc, MEMORY_STARTING_ADDRESS, BINARY_CODE, sizeof(BINARY_CODE) - 1)) {
printf("uc_mem_write(…) failed\n");
return 1;
}
printf("uc_emu_start(…)\n");
uc_emu_start(uc, MEMORY_STARTING_ADDRESS, MEMORY_STARTING_ADDRESS + sizeof(BINARY_CODE) - 1, 0, 20);
printf("done\n");
return 0;
}
// callback for tracing memory access (READ or WRITE)
static bool hook_mem_invalid(uc_engine *uc, uc_mem_type type,
uint64_t address, int size, int64_t value, void *user_data)
{
switch(type) {
default:
// return false to indicate we want to stop emulation
return false;
case UC_MEM_WRITE_UNMAPPED:
printf(">>> Missing memory is being WRITE at 0x%"PRIx64 ", data size = %u, data value = 0x%"PRIx64 "\n",
address, size, value);
// map this memory in with 2MB in size
uc_mem_map(uc, 0xaaaa0000, 2 * 1024*1024, UC_PROT_ALL);
// return true to indicate we want to continue
return true;
}
}