void
mke2fs(const char *fsys, int fi, int fo)
{
struct timeval tv;
int64_t minfssize;
uint bcount, fbcount, ficount;
uint blocks_gd, blocks_per_cg, inodes_per_cg, iblocks_per_cg;
uint minblocks_per_cg, blocks_lastcg;
uint ncg, cylno, sboff;
int i, len, col, delta, fld_width, max_cols;
struct winsize winsize;
gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
fsi = fi;
fso = fo;
/*
* collect and verify the block and fragment sizes
*/
if (!powerof2(bsize)) {
errx(EXIT_FAILURE,
"block size must be a power of 2, not %u\n",
bsize);
}
if (!powerof2(fsize)) {
errx(EXIT_FAILURE,
"fragment size must be a power of 2, not %u\n",
fsize);
}
if (fsize < sectorsize) {
errx(EXIT_FAILURE,
"fragment size %u is too small, minimum is %u\n",
fsize, sectorsize);
}
if (bsize < MINBSIZE) {
errx(EXIT_FAILURE,
"block size %u is too small, minimum is %u\n",
bsize, MINBSIZE);
}
if (bsize > EXT2_MAXBSIZE) {
errx(EXIT_FAILURE,
"block size %u is too large, maximum is %u\n",
bsize, MAXBSIZE);
}
if (bsize != fsize) {
/*
* There is no fragment support on current ext2fs (yet?),
* but some kernel code refers fsize or fpg as bsize or bpg
* and Linux seems to set the same values to them.
*/
errx(EXIT_FAILURE,
"block size (%u) can't be different from "
"fragment size (%u)\n",
bsize, fsize);
}
/* variable inodesize is REV1 feature */
if (Oflag == 0 && inodesize != EXT2_REV0_DINODE_SIZE) {
errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "GOOD_OLD_REV file system format"
" doesn't support %d byte inode\n", inodesize);
}
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_log_bsize = ilog2(bsize) - LOG_MINBSIZE;
/* Umm, why not e2fs_log_fsize? */
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_fsize = ilog2(fsize) - LOG_MINBSIZE;
sblock.e2fs_bsize = bsize;
sblock.e2fs_bshift = sblock.e2fs.e2fs_log_bsize + LOG_MINBSIZE;
sblock.e2fs_qbmask = sblock.e2fs_bsize - 1;
sblock.e2fs_bmask = ~sblock.e2fs_qbmask;
sblock.e2fs_fsbtodb = ilog2(sblock.e2fs_bsize) - ilog2(sectorsize);
sblock.e2fs_ipb = sblock.e2fs_bsize / inodesize;
/*
* Ext2fs preserves BBSIZE (1024 bytes) space at the top for
* bootloader (though it is not enough at all for our bootloader).
* If bsize == BBSIZE we have to preserve one block.
* If bsize > BBSIZE, the first block already contains BBSIZE space
* before superblock because superblock is allocated at SBOFF and
* bsize is a power of two (i.e. 2048 bytes or more).
*/
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_first_dblock = (sblock.e2fs_bsize > BBSIZE) ? 0 : 1;
minfssize = fsbtodb(&sblock,
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_first_dblock +
NBLOCK_SUPERBLOCK +
1 /* at least one group descriptor */ +
NBLOCK_BLOCK_BITMAP +
NBLOCK_INODE_BITMAP +
1 /* at least one inode table block */ +
1 /* at least one data block for rootdir */ +
1 /* at least one data block for data */
); /* XXX and more? */
if (fssize < minfssize)
errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Filesystem size %" PRId64
" < minimum size of %" PRId64 "\n", fssize, minfssize);
bcount = dbtofsb(&sblock, fssize);
/*
* While many people claim that ext2fs is a (bad) clone of ufs/ffs,
* it isn't actual ffs so maybe we should call it "block group"
* as their native name rather than ffs derived "cylinder group."
* But we'll use the latter here since other kernel sources use it.
* (I also agree "cylinder" based allocation is obsolete though)
*/
/* maybe "simple is the best" */
blocks_per_cg = sblock.e2fs_bsize * NBBY;
ncg = howmany(bcount - sblock.e2fs.e2fs_first_dblock, blocks_per_cg);
blocks_gd = howmany(sizeof(struct ext2_gd) * ncg, bsize);
/* check range of inode number */
if (num_inodes < EXT2_FIRSTINO)
num_inodes = EXT2_FIRSTINO; /* needs reserved inodes + 1 */
if (num_inodes > UINT16_MAX * ncg)
num_inodes = UINT16_MAX * ncg; /* ext2bgd_nifree is uint16_t */
inodes_per_cg = num_inodes / ncg;
iblocks_per_cg = howmany(inodesize * inodes_per_cg, bsize);
/* Check that the last cylinder group has enough space for inodes */
minblocks_per_cg =
NBLOCK_BLOCK_BITMAP +
NBLOCK_INODE_BITMAP +
iblocks_per_cg +
1; /* at least one data block */
if (Oflag == 0 || cg_has_sb(ncg - 1) != 0)
minblocks_per_cg += NBLOCK_SUPERBLOCK + blocks_gd;
blocks_lastcg = bcount - sblock.e2fs.e2fs_first_dblock -
blocks_per_cg * (ncg - 1);
if (blocks_lastcg < minblocks_per_cg) {
/*
* Since we make all the cylinder groups the same size, the
* last will only be small if there are more than one
* cylinder groups. If the last one is too small to store
* filesystem data, just kill it.
*
* XXX: Does fsck_ext2fs(8) properly handle this case?
*/
bcount -= blocks_lastcg;
ncg--;
blocks_lastcg = blocks_per_cg;
blocks_gd = howmany(sizeof(struct ext2_gd) * ncg, bsize);
inodes_per_cg = num_inodes / ncg;
}
/* roundup inodes_per_cg to make it use whole inode table blocks */
inodes_per_cg = roundup(inodes_per_cg, sblock.e2fs_ipb);
num_inodes = inodes_per_cg * ncg;
iblocks_per_cg = inodes_per_cg / sblock.e2fs_ipb;
/* XXX: probably we should check these adjusted values again */
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_bcount = bcount;
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_icount = num_inodes;
sblock.e2fs_ncg = ncg;
sblock.e2fs_ngdb = blocks_gd;
sblock.e2fs_itpg = iblocks_per_cg;
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_rbcount = sblock.e2fs.e2fs_bcount * minfree / 100;
/* e2fs_fbcount will be accounted later */
/* e2fs_ficount will be accounted later */
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_bpg = blocks_per_cg;
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_fpg = blocks_per_cg;
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_ipg = inodes_per_cg;
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_mtime = 0;
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_wtime = (u_int32_t)tv.tv_sec;
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_mnt_count = 0;
/* XXX: should add some entropy to avoid checking all fs at once? */
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_max_mnt_count = EXT2_DEF_MAX_MNT_COUNT;
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_magic = E2FS_MAGIC;
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_state = E2FS_ISCLEAN;
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_beh = E2FS_BEH_DEFAULT;
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_minrev = 0;
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_lastfsck = (u_int32_t)tv.tv_sec;
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_fsckintv = EXT2_DEF_FSCKINTV;
/*
* Maybe we can use E2FS_OS_FREEBSD here and it would be more proper,
* but the purpose of this newfs_ext2fs(8) command is to provide
* a filesystem which can be recognized by firmware on some
* Linux based appliances that can load bootstrap files only from
* (their native) ext2fs, and anyway we will (and should) try to
* act like them as much as possible.
*
* Anyway, I hope that all newer such boxes will keep their support
* for the "GOOD_OLD_REV" ext2fs.
*/
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_creator = E2FS_OS_LINUX;
if (Oflag == 0) {
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_rev = E2FS_REV0;
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_features_compat = 0;
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_features_incompat = 0;
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_features_rocompat = 0;
} else {
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_rev = E2FS_REV1;
/*
* e2fsprogs say "REV1" is "dynamic" so
* it isn't quite a version and maybe it means
* "extended from REV0 so check compat features."
*
* XXX: We don't have any native tool to activate
* the EXT2F_COMPAT_RESIZE feature and
* fsck_ext2fs(8) might not fix structures for it.
*/
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_features_compat = EXT2F_COMPAT_RESIZE;
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_features_incompat = EXT2F_INCOMPAT_FTYPE;
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_features_rocompat =
EXT2F_ROCOMPAT_SPARSESUPER | EXT2F_ROCOMPAT_LARGEFILE;
}
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_ruid = geteuid();
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_rgid = getegid();
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_first_ino = EXT2_FIRSTINO;
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_inode_size = inodesize;
/* e2fs_block_group_nr is set on writing superblock to each group */
uuid_get(&sblock);
if (volname != NULL) {
if (strlen(volname) > sizeof(sblock.e2fs.e2fs_vname))
errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Volume name is too long");
strlcpy(sblock.e2fs.e2fs_vname, volname,
sizeof(sblock.e2fs.e2fs_vname));
}
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_fsmnt[0] = '\0';
sblock.e2fs_fsmnt[0] = '\0';
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_algo = 0; /* XXX unsupported? */
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_prealloc = 0; /* XXX unsupported? */
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_dir_prealloc = 0; /* XXX unsupported? */
/* calculate blocks for reserved group descriptors for resize */
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_reserved_ngdb = 0;
if (sblock.e2fs.e2fs_rev > E2FS_REV0 &&
(sblock.e2fs.e2fs_features_compat & EXT2F_COMPAT_RESIZE) != 0) {
uint64_t target_blocks;
uint target_ncg, target_ngdb, reserved_ngdb;
/* reserve descriptors for size as 1024 times as current */
target_blocks =
(sblock.e2fs.e2fs_bcount - sblock.e2fs.e2fs_first_dblock)
* 1024ULL;
/* number of blocks must be in uint32_t */
if (target_blocks > UINT32_MAX)
target_blocks = UINT32_MAX;
target_ncg = howmany(target_blocks, sblock.e2fs.e2fs_bpg);
target_ngdb = howmany(sizeof(struct ext2_gd) * target_ncg,
sblock.e2fs_bsize);
/*
* Reserved group descriptor blocks are preserved as
* the second level double indirect reference blocks in
* the EXT2_RESIZEINO inode, so the maximum number of
* the blocks is NINDIR(fs).
* (see also descriptions in init_resizeino() function)
*
* We check a number including current e2fs_ngdb here
* because they will be moved into reserved gdb on
* possible future size shrink, though e2fsprogs don't
* seem to care about it.
*/
if (target_ngdb > NINDIR(&sblock))
target_ngdb = NINDIR(&sblock);
reserved_ngdb = target_ngdb - sblock.e2fs_ngdb;
/* make sure reserved_ngdb fits in the last cg */
if (reserved_ngdb >= blocks_lastcg - cgoverhead(ncg - 1))
reserved_ngdb = blocks_lastcg - cgoverhead(ncg - 1);
if (reserved_ngdb == 0) {
/* if no space for reserved gdb, disable the feature */
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_features_compat &=
~EXT2F_COMPAT_RESIZE;
}
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_reserved_ngdb = reserved_ngdb;
}
/*
* Initialize group descriptors
*/
gd = malloc(sblock.e2fs_ngdb * bsize);
if (gd == NULL)
errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Can't allocate descriptors buffer");
memset(gd, 0, sblock.e2fs_ngdb * bsize);
fbcount = 0;
ficount = 0;
for (cylno = 0; cylno < ncg; cylno++) {
uint boffset;
boffset = cgbase(&sblock, cylno);
if (sblock.e2fs.e2fs_rev == E2FS_REV0 ||
(sblock.e2fs.e2fs_features_rocompat &
EXT2F_ROCOMPAT_SPARSESUPER) == 0 ||
cg_has_sb(cylno)) {
boffset += NBLOCK_SUPERBLOCK + sblock.e2fs_ngdb;
if (sblock.e2fs.e2fs_rev > E2FS_REV0 &&
(sblock.e2fs.e2fs_features_compat &
EXT2F_COMPAT_RESIZE) != 0)
boffset += sblock.e2fs.e2fs_reserved_ngdb;
}
gd[cylno].ext2bgd_b_bitmap = boffset;
boffset += NBLOCK_BLOCK_BITMAP;
gd[cylno].ext2bgd_i_bitmap = boffset;
boffset += NBLOCK_INODE_BITMAP;
gd[cylno].ext2bgd_i_tables = boffset;
if (cylno == (ncg - 1))
gd[cylno].ext2bgd_nbfree =
blocks_lastcg - cgoverhead(cylno);
else
gd[cylno].ext2bgd_nbfree =
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_bpg - cgoverhead(cylno);
fbcount += gd[cylno].ext2bgd_nbfree;
gd[cylno].ext2bgd_nifree = sblock.e2fs.e2fs_ipg;
if (cylno == 0) {
/* take reserved inodes off nifree */
gd[cylno].ext2bgd_nifree -= EXT2_RESERVED_INODES;
}
ficount += gd[cylno].ext2bgd_nifree;
gd[cylno].ext2bgd_ndirs = 0;
}
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_fbcount = fbcount;
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_ficount = ficount;
/*
* Dump out summary information about file system.
*/
if (verbosity > 0) {
printf("%s: %u.%1uMB (%" PRId64 " sectors) "
"block size %u, fragment size %u\n",
fsys,
(uint)(((uint64_t)bcount * bsize) / (1024 * 1024)),
(uint)((uint64_t)bcount * bsize -
rounddown((uint64_t)bcount * bsize, 1024 * 1024))
/ 1024 / 100,
fssize, bsize, fsize);
printf("\tusing %u block groups of %u.0MB, %u blks, "
"%u inodes.\n",
ncg, bsize * sblock.e2fs.e2fs_bpg / (1024 * 1024),
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_bpg, sblock.e2fs.e2fs_ipg);
}
/*
* allocate space for superblock and group descriptors
*/
iobufsize = (NBLOCK_SUPERBLOCK + sblock.e2fs_ngdb) * sblock.e2fs_bsize;
iobuf = mmap(0, iobufsize, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
if (iobuf == NULL)
errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Cannot allocate I/O buffer\n");
memset(iobuf, 0, iobufsize);
/*
* We now start writing to the filesystem
*/
if (!Nflag) {
static const uint pbsize[] = { 1024, 2048, 4096, 0 };
uint pblock, epblock;
/*
* Validate the given file system size.
* Verify that its last block can actually be accessed.
* Convert to file system fragment sized units.
*/
if (fssize <= 0)
errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Preposterous size %" PRId64 "\n",
fssize);
wtfs(fssize - 1, sectorsize, iobuf);
/*
* Ensure there is nothing that looks like a filesystem
* superblock anywhere other than where ours will be.
* If fsck_ext2fs finds the wrong one all hell breaks loose!
*
* XXX: needs to check how fsck_ext2fs programs even
* on other OSes determine alternate superblocks
*/
for (i = 0; pbsize[i] != 0; i++) {
epblock = (uint64_t)bcount * bsize / pbsize[i];
for (pblock = ((pbsize[i] == SBSIZE) ? 1 : 0);
pblock < epblock;
pblock += pbsize[i] * NBBY /* bpg */)
zap_old_sblock((daddr32_t)pblock *
pbsize[i] / sectorsize);
}
}
if (verbosity >= 3)
printf("super-block backups (for fsck_ext2fs -b #) at:\n");
/* If we are printing more than one line of numbers, line up columns */
fld_width = verbosity < 4 ? 1 : snprintf(NULL, 0, "%" PRIu64,
(uint64_t)cgbase(&sblock, ncg - 1));
/* Get terminal width */
if (ioctl(fileno(stdout), TIOCGWINSZ, &winsize) == 0)
max_cols = winsize.ws_col;
else
max_cols = 80;
if (Nflag && verbosity == 3)
/* Leave space to add " ..." after one row of numbers */
max_cols -= 4;
#define BASE 0x10000 /* For some fixed-point maths */
col = 0;
delta = verbosity > 2 ? 0 : max_cols * BASE / ncg;
for (cylno = 0; cylno < ncg; cylno++) {
fflush(stdout);
initcg(cylno);
if (verbosity < 2)
continue;
/* the first one is a master, not backup */
if (cylno == 0)
continue;
/* skip if this cylinder doesn't have a backup */
if (sblock.e2fs.e2fs_rev > E2FS_REV0 &&
(sblock.e2fs.e2fs_features_rocompat &
EXT2F_ROCOMPAT_SPARSESUPER) != 0 &&
cg_has_sb(cylno) == 0)
continue;
if (delta > 0) {
if (Nflag)
/* No point doing dots for -N */
break;
/* Print dots scaled to end near RH margin */
for (col += delta; col > BASE; col -= BASE)
printf(".");
continue;
}
/* Print superblock numbers */
len = printf(" %*" PRIu64 "," + !col, fld_width,
(uint64_t)cgbase(&sblock, cylno));
col += len;
if (col + len < max_cols)
/* Next number fits */
continue;
/* Next number won't fit, need a newline */
if (verbosity <= 3) {
/* Print dots for subsequent cylinder groups */
delta = sblock.e2fs_ncg - cylno - 1;
if (delta != 0) {
if (Nflag) {
printf(" ...");
break;
}
delta = max_cols * BASE / delta;
}
}
col = 0;
printf("\n");
}
#undef BASE
if (col > 0)
printf("\n");
if (Nflag)
return;
/*
* Now construct the initial file system,
*/
if (fsinit(&tv) == 0)
errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Error making filesystem");
/*
* Write out the superblock and group descriptors
*/
sblock.e2fs.e2fs_block_group_nr = 0;
sboff = 0;
if (cgbase(&sblock, 0) == 0) {
/*
* If the first block contains the boot block sectors,
* (i.e. in case of sblock.e2fs.e2fs_bsize > BBSIZE)
* we have to preserve data in it.
*/
sboff = SBOFF;
}
e2fs_sbsave(&sblock.e2fs, (struct ext2fs *)(iobuf + sboff));
e2fs_cgsave(gd, (struct ext2_gd *)(iobuf + sblock.e2fs_bsize),
sizeof(struct ext2_gd) * sblock.e2fs_ncg);
wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgbase(&sblock, 0)) + sboff / sectorsize,
iobufsize - sboff, iobuf + sboff);
munmap(iobuf, iobufsize);
}
void at86rf2xx_reset(at86rf2xx_t *dev)
{
eui64_t addr_long;
at86rf2xx_hardware_reset(dev);
/* Reset state machine to ensure a known state */
at86rf2xx_reset_state_machine(dev);
/* reset options and sequence number */
dev->netdev.seq = 0;
dev->netdev.flags = 0;
/* get an 8-byte unique ID to use as hardware address */
uuid_get(addr_long.uint8, IEEE802154_LONG_ADDRESS_LEN);
/* make sure we mark the address as non-multicast and not globally unique */
addr_long.uint8[0] &= ~(0x01);
addr_long.uint8[0] |= (0x02);
/* set short and long address */
at86rf2xx_set_addr_long(dev, NTOHLL(addr_long.uint64.u64));
at86rf2xx_set_addr_short(dev, NTOHS(addr_long.uint16[0].u16));
/* set default PAN id */
at86rf2xx_set_pan(dev, AT86RF2XX_DEFAULT_PANID);
/* set default channel */
at86rf2xx_set_chan(dev, AT86RF2XX_DEFAULT_CHANNEL);
/* set default TX power */
at86rf2xx_set_txpower(dev, AT86RF2XX_DEFAULT_TXPOWER);
/* set default options */
at86rf2xx_set_option(dev, AT86RF2XX_OPT_AUTOACK, true);
at86rf2xx_set_option(dev, AT86RF2XX_OPT_CSMA, true);
at86rf2xx_set_option(dev, AT86RF2XX_OPT_TELL_RX_START, false);
at86rf2xx_set_option(dev, AT86RF2XX_OPT_TELL_RX_END, true);
#ifdef MODULE_NETSTATS_L2
at86rf2xx_set_option(dev, AT86RF2XX_OPT_TELL_TX_END, true);
#endif
/* set default protocol */
#ifdef MODULE_GNRC_SIXLOWPAN
dev->netdev.proto = GNRC_NETTYPE_SIXLOWPAN;
#elif MODULE_GNRC
dev->netdev.proto = GNRC_NETTYPE_UNDEF;
#endif
/* enable safe mode (protect RX FIFO until reading data starts) */
at86rf2xx_reg_write(dev, AT86RF2XX_REG__TRX_CTRL_2,
AT86RF2XX_TRX_CTRL_2_MASK__RX_SAFE_MODE);
#ifdef MODULE_AT86RF212B
at86rf2xx_set_page(dev, 0);
#endif
/* don't populate masked interrupt flags to IRQ_STATUS register */
uint8_t tmp = at86rf2xx_reg_read(dev, AT86RF2XX_REG__TRX_CTRL_1);
tmp &= ~(AT86RF2XX_TRX_CTRL_1_MASK__IRQ_MASK_MODE);
at86rf2xx_reg_write(dev, AT86RF2XX_REG__TRX_CTRL_1, tmp);
/* disable clock output to save power */
tmp = at86rf2xx_reg_read(dev, AT86RF2XX_REG__TRX_CTRL_0);
tmp &= ~(AT86RF2XX_TRX_CTRL_0_MASK__CLKM_CTRL);
tmp &= ~(AT86RF2XX_TRX_CTRL_0_MASK__CLKM_SHA_SEL);
tmp |= (AT86RF2XX_TRX_CTRL_0_CLKM_CTRL__OFF);
at86rf2xx_reg_write(dev, AT86RF2XX_REG__TRX_CTRL_0, tmp);
/* enable interrupts */
at86rf2xx_reg_write(dev, AT86RF2XX_REG__IRQ_MASK,
AT86RF2XX_IRQ_STATUS_MASK__TRX_END);
/* clear interrupt flags */
at86rf2xx_reg_read(dev, AT86RF2XX_REG__IRQ_STATUS);
/* go into RX state */
at86rf2xx_set_state(dev, AT86RF2XX_STATE_RX_AACK_ON);
DEBUG("at86rf2xx_reset(): reset complete.\n");
}