void evaluateMissingDefaults(Block & block,
    const NamesAndTypesList & required_columns,
    const ColumnDefaults & column_defaults,
    const Context & context)
{
    if (column_defaults.empty())
        return;

    ASTPtr default_expr_list = std::make_shared<ASTExpressionList>();

    for (const auto & column : required_columns)
    {
        if (block.has(column.name))
            continue;

        const auto it = column_defaults.find(column.name);

        /// expressions must be cloned to prevent modification by the ExpressionAnalyzer
        if (it != column_defaults.end())
            default_expr_list->children.emplace_back(
                setAlias(it->second.expression->clone(), it->first));
    }

    /// nothing to evaluate
    if (default_expr_list->children.empty())
        return;

    /** ExpressionAnalyzer eliminates "unused" columns, in order to ensure their safety
      * we are going to operate on a copy instead of the original block */
    Block copy_block{block};
    /// evaluate default values for defaulted columns

    NamesAndTypesList available_columns;
    for (size_t i = 0, size = block.columns(); i < size; ++i)
        available_columns.emplace_back(block.getByPosition(i).name, block.getByPosition(i).type);

    ExpressionAnalyzer{default_expr_list, context, {}, available_columns}.getActions(true)->execute(copy_block);

    /// move evaluated columns to the original block, materializing them at the same time
    for (auto & column_name_type : copy_block)
    {
        if (ColumnPtr converted = column_name_type.column->convertToFullColumnIfConst())
            column_name_type.column = converted;

        block.insert(std::move(column_name_type));
    }
}
ASTPtr InterpreterCreateQuery::formatColumns(NamesAndTypesList columns,
        const NamesAndTypesList & materialized_columns,
        const NamesAndTypesList & alias_columns,
        const ColumnDefaults & column_defaults)
{
    columns.insert(std::end(columns), std::begin(materialized_columns), std::end(materialized_columns));
    columns.insert(std::end(columns), std::begin(alias_columns), std::end(alias_columns));

    auto columns_list = std::make_shared<ASTExpressionList>();

    for (const auto & column : columns)
    {
        const auto column_declaration = std::make_shared<ASTColumnDeclaration>();
        ASTPtr column_declaration_ptr{column_declaration};

        column_declaration->name = column.name;

        StringPtr type_name = std::make_shared<String>(column.type->getName());
        auto pos = type_name->data();
        const auto end = pos + type_name->size();

        ParserIdentifierWithOptionalParameters storage_p;
        column_declaration->type = parseQuery(storage_p, pos, end, "data type");
        column_declaration->type->query_string = type_name;

        const auto it = column_defaults.find(column.name);
        if (it != std::end(column_defaults))
        {
            column_declaration->default_specifier = toString(it->second.type);
            column_declaration->default_expression = it->second.expression->clone();
        }

        columns_list->children.push_back(column_declaration_ptr);
    }

    return columns_list;
}
Block addMissingDefaults(const Block & block,
                         const NamesAndTypesList & required_columns,
                         const ColumnDefaults & column_defaults,
                         const Context & context)
{
    /// For missing columns of nested structure, you need to create not a column of empty arrays, but a column of arrays of correct lengths.
    /// First, remember the offset columns for all arrays in the block.
    std::map<String, ColumnPtr> offset_columns;

    for (size_t i = 0, size = block.columns(); i < size; ++i)
    {
        const auto & elem = block.getByPosition(i);

        if (const ColumnArray * array = typeid_cast<const ColumnArray *>(&*elem.column))
        {
            String offsets_name = Nested::extractTableName(elem.name);
            auto & offsets_column = offset_columns[offsets_name];

            /// If for some reason there are different offset columns for one nested structure, then we take nonempty.
            if (!offsets_column || offsets_column->empty())
                offsets_column = array->getOffsetsPtr();
        }
    }

    const size_t rows = block.rows();
    Block res;

    /// We take given columns from input block and missed columns without default value
    /// (default and materialized will be computed later).
    for (const auto & column : required_columns)
    {
        if (block.has(column.name))
        {
            res.insert(block.getByName(column.name));
            continue;
        }

        if (column_defaults.count(column.name))
            continue;

        String offsets_name = Nested::extractTableName(column.name);
        if (offset_columns.count(offsets_name))
        {
            ColumnPtr offsets_column = offset_columns[offsets_name];
            DataTypePtr nested_type = typeid_cast<const DataTypeArray &>(*column.type).getNestedType();
            UInt64 nested_rows = rows ? get<UInt64>((*offsets_column)[rows - 1]) : 0;

            ColumnPtr nested_column = nested_type->createColumnConstWithDefaultValue(nested_rows)->convertToFullColumnIfConst();
            auto new_column = ColumnArray::create(nested_column, offsets_column);
            res.insert(ColumnWithTypeAndName(std::move(new_column), column.type, column.name));
            continue;
        }

        /** It is necessary to turn a constant column into a full column, since in part of blocks (from other parts),
        *  it can be full (or the interpreter may decide that it is constant everywhere).
        */
        auto new_column = column.type->createColumnConstWithDefaultValue(rows)->convertToFullColumnIfConst();
        res.insert(ColumnWithTypeAndName(std::move(new_column), column.type, column.name));
    }

    /// Computes explicitly specified values (in column_defaults) by default and materialized columns.
    evaluateMissingDefaults(res, required_columns, column_defaults, context);
    return res;
}