static YAP_Bool Q(void) {
YAP_Term arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, out, out1, term, nodesTerm, ruleTerm, tail,
pair, compoundTerm;
DdNode *node1, **nodes_ex;
int r, lenNodes, i;
double p1, p0, **eta_rule, CLL;
arg1 = YAP_ARG1;
arg2 = YAP_ARG2;
arg3 = YAP_ARG3;
arg4 = YAP_ARG4;
nodesTerm = arg1;
lenNodes = YAP_IntOfTerm(arg2);
nodes_ex = (DdNode **)malloc(lenNodes * sizeof(DdNode *));
example_prob = (double *)malloc(lenNodes * sizeof(double));
for (i = 0; i < lenNodes; i++) {
pair = YAP_HeadOfTerm(nodesTerm);
node1 = (DdNode *)YAP_IntOfTerm(YAP_HeadOfTerm(pair));
nodes_ex[i] = node1;
pair = YAP_TailOfTerm(pair);
example_prob[i] = YAP_FloatOfTerm(YAP_HeadOfTerm(pair));
nodesTerm = YAP_TailOfTerm(nodesTerm);
}
for (r = 0; r < nRules; r++) {
for (i = 0; i < rules[r] - 1; i++) {
eta_rule = eta[r];
eta_rule[i][0] = 0;
eta_rule[i][1] = 0;
}
}
CLL = Expectation(nodes_ex, lenNodes);
out = YAP_TermNil();
for (r = 0; r < nRules; r++) {
tail = YAP_TermNil();
eta_rule = eta[r];
for (i = 0; i < rules[r] - 1; i++) {
p0 = eta_rule[i][0];
p1 = eta_rule[i][1];
term = YAP_MkPairTerm(YAP_MkFloatTerm(p0),
YAP_MkPairTerm(YAP_MkFloatTerm(p1), YAP_TermNil()));
tail = YAP_MkPairTerm(term, tail);
}
ruleTerm = YAP_MkIntTerm(r);
compoundTerm =
YAP_MkPairTerm(ruleTerm, YAP_MkPairTerm(tail, YAP_TermNil()));
out = YAP_MkPairTerm(compoundTerm, out);
}
free(nodes_ex);
free(example_prob);
out1 = YAP_MkFloatTerm(CLL);
YAP_Unify(out1, arg4);
return (YAP_Unify(out, arg3));
}
void estimate_multi_modals(float **x, /* The observation vectors */
int N, /* Number of observation vectors */
int Ndim, /* Dimensionality of observations */
int K, /* Number of modes in the distribution */
float **mean, /* The means of the various modes */
float **var, /* The variances of all the modes */
float *c, /* A-priori probabilities of each of the
modes, or mixing proportion */
char *tempfile, /* File to store temporary distributions */
int numiters, /* Number of iterations of EM to run */
float Threshold /* Convergence ratio */
)
{
float **Newvar, **hafinvvar,
**Newmean,
*Newc,
*Tau,
*corprod,
Const, SumNewc, Prevlogprob, LogProb, Improvement;
int i, j, k, iter = 0;
FILE *temp;
/*
* The Constant term that occurs in the computation of the gaussians.
* As it turns out, we never use it. This one is a dummy :-)
*/
Const = pow(2 * PI, (Ndim / 2));
/*
* some initializations
*/
Improvement = 100;
/*
* Allocate spaces for the local parameter arrays
*/
Newmean = (float **) ckd_calloc_2d(K, Ndim, sizeof(float));
Newvar = (float **) ckd_calloc_2d(K, Ndim, sizeof(float));
hafinvvar = (float **) ckd_calloc_2d(K, Ndim, sizeof(float));
Newc = (float *) ckd_calloc(K, sizeof(float));
Tau = (float *) ckd_calloc(K, sizeof(float));
corprod = (float *) ckd_calloc(K, sizeof(float));
/*
* Initialize all New values to 0
* Note the array position computation for Newmean, as it is a 1-D array
*/
for (k = 0; k < K; ++k) {
Newc[k] = 0;
for (j = 0; j < Ndim; ++j) {
Newmean[k][j] = 0;
Newvar[k][j] = 0;
}
}
/*
* Compute the ratio of the prior probabilities of the modulus of the
* variance. We do this operation in the log domain to keep the
* dynamic range in check
*/
for (k = 0; k < K; ++k) {
corprod[k] = log((double) c[k]);
for (j = 0; j < Ndim; ++j) {
corprod[k] -= 0.5 * log((double) var[k][j]);
if (var[k][j] > 0)
hafinvvar[k][j] = 1.0 / (2.0 * var[k][j]);
else
hafinvvar[k][j] = 1e+20;
}
}
/*
* Estimate means and variances and priors while computing overall
* Likelihood
* Note: variance estimated as Sum((x-mean)*(x-mean))/count
* rather than Sum(x*x)/count - mean*mean
* because the latter is an unstable formula and tends to give -ve
* variances due to numerical errors
*/
Prevlogprob = 0;
for (i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
Prevlogprob +=
Expectation(Tau, x[i], c, mean, hafinvvar, corprod, K,
Ndim);
for (k = 0; k < K; ++k) {
if (Tau[k] > 0) {
Newc[k] += Tau[k];
for (j = 0; j < Ndim; ++j)
Newmean[k][j] += Tau[k] * x[i][j];
}
}
}
for (k = 0; k < K; ++k)
for (j = 0; j < Ndim; ++j)
Newmean[k][j] /= Newc[k];
for (i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
Expectation(Tau, x[i], c, mean, hafinvvar, corprod, K,
Ndim);
for (k = 0; k < K; ++k) {
if (Tau[k] > 0) {
for (j = 0; j < Ndim; ++j)
Newvar[k][j] +=
Tau[k] * (x[i][j] -
Newmean[k][j])
* (x[i][j] - Newmean[k][j]);
}
}
}
printf("EM : Initial log probablity = %f \n", Prevlogprob);
while ((Improvement > Threshold) && (iter < numiters)) {
/*
* We use SumNewc instead of N as in the formula because the
* Newc's may not sum to N, because of accuracy errors of the
* computer for large N.
*/
SumNewc = 0;
for (k = 0; k < K; ++k)
SumNewc += Newc[k];
for (k = 0; k < K; ++k) {
for (j = 0; j < Ndim; ++j) {
mean[k][j] = Newmean[k][j];
var[k][j] = Newvar[k][j] / Newc[k];
}
c[k] = Newc[k] / SumNewc;
}
/*
* Store partially converged distribution
*/
temp = fopen(tempfile, "w");
fprintf(temp, "%d %d\n", K, Ndim);
for (i = 0; i < K; ++i) {
fprintf(temp, "%f\n", c[i]);
for (j = 0; j < Ndim; ++j)
fprintf(temp, "%f ", mean[i][j]);
fprintf(temp, "\n");
for (j = 0; j < Ndim; ++j)
fprintf(temp, "%f ", var[i][j]);
fprintf(temp, "\n");
}
fclose(temp);
/*
* Initialize all New values to 0
*/
for (k = 0; k < K; ++k) {
Newc[k] = 0;
for (j = 0; j < Ndim; ++j) {
Newmean[k][j] = 0;
Newvar[k][j] = 0;
}
}
/*
* Compute the ratio of the prior probabilities of the modulus of the
* variance. We do this operation in the log domain to keep the
* dynamic range in check
*/
for (k = 0; k < K; ++k) {
corprod[k] = log((double) c[k]);
for (j = 0; j < Ndim; ++j) {
corprod[k] -=
0.5 * log((double) var[k][j]);
if (var[k][j] > 0)
hafinvvar[k][j] =
1.0 / (2.0 * var[k][j]);
else
hafinvvar[k][j] = 1e+20;
}
}
LogProb = 0;
for (i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
LogProb +=
Expectation(Tau, x[i], c, mean, hafinvvar,
corprod, K, Ndim);
for (k = 0; k < K; ++k) {
if (Tau[k] > 0) {
Newc[k] += Tau[k];
for (j = 0; j < Ndim; ++j) {
Newmean[k][j] +=
Tau[k] * x[i][j];
Newvar[k][j] +=
Tau[k] * (x[i][j] -
mean[k][j]) *
(x[i][j] - mean[k][j]);
}
}
}
}
for (k = 0; k < K; ++k)
for (j = 0; j < Ndim; ++j)
Newmean[k][j] /= Newc[k];
/*
for (i=0;i<N;++i)
{
Expectation(Tau,x[i],c,mean,hafinvvar,corprod,K,Ndim);
for (k=0; k<K ; ++k)
{
for (j=0;j<Ndim;++j)
Newvar[k][j] += Tau[k] * (x[i][j] - Newmean[k][j])
* (x[i][j] - Newmean[k][j]);
}
}
*/
Improvement = (LogProb - Prevlogprob) / LogProb;
if (LogProb < 0)
Improvement = -Improvement;
++iter;
printf
("EM : Log Prob = %f, improvement = %f after %d iterations\n",
LogProb, Improvement, iter);
fflush(stdout);
Prevlogprob = LogProb;
}
/*
* Free local arrays
*/
ckd_free(Tau);
ckd_free(corprod);
ckd_free_2d((void **)Newvar);
ckd_free_2d((void **)Newmean);
ckd_free(Newc);
return;
}
static YAP_Bool EM(void) {
YAP_Term arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5, arg6, arg7, arg8, out1, out2, out3,
nodesTerm, ruleTerm, tail, pair, compoundTerm;
DdNode *node1, **nodes_ex;
int r, lenNodes, i, iter;
long iter1;
double CLL0 = -2.2 * pow(10, 10); //-inf
double CLL1 = -1.7 * pow(10, 8); //+inf
double p, p0, **eta_rule, ea, er;
double ratio, diff;
arg1 = YAP_ARG1;
arg2 = YAP_ARG2;
arg3 = YAP_ARG3;
arg4 = YAP_ARG4;
arg5 = YAP_ARG5;
arg6 = YAP_ARG6;
arg7 = YAP_ARG7;
arg8 = YAP_ARG8;
nodesTerm = arg1;
ea = YAP_FloatOfTerm(arg2);
er = YAP_FloatOfTerm(arg3);
lenNodes = YAP_IntOfTerm(arg4);
iter = YAP_IntOfTerm(arg5);
nodes_ex = (DdNode **)malloc(lenNodes * sizeof(DdNode *));
nodes_probs_ex = (double *)malloc(lenNodes * sizeof(double));
example_prob = (double *)malloc(lenNodes * sizeof(double));
for (i = 0; i < lenNodes; i++) {
pair = YAP_HeadOfTerm(nodesTerm);
node1 = (DdNode *)YAP_IntOfTerm(YAP_HeadOfTerm(pair));
nodes_ex[i] = node1;
pair = YAP_TailOfTerm(pair);
example_prob[i] = YAP_FloatOfTerm(YAP_HeadOfTerm(pair));
nodesTerm = YAP_TailOfTerm(nodesTerm);
}
diff = CLL1 - CLL0;
ratio = diff / fabs(CLL0);
if (iter == -1)
iter1 = 2147000000;
else
iter1 = iter;
while ((diff > ea) && (ratio > er) && (cycle < iter1)) {
cycle++;
for (r = 0; r < nRules; r++) {
for (i = 0; i < rules[r] - 1; i++) {
eta_rule = eta[r];
eta_rule[i][0] = 0;
eta_rule[i][1] = 0;
}
}
CLL0 = CLL1;
CLL1 = Expectation(nodes_ex, lenNodes);
Maximization();
diff = CLL1 - CLL0;
ratio = diff / fabs(CLL0);
}
out2 = YAP_TermNil();
for (r = 0; r < nRules; r++) {
tail = YAP_TermNil();
p0 = 1;
for (i = 0; i < rules[r] - 1; i++) {
p = arrayprob[r][i] * p0;
tail = YAP_MkPairTerm(YAP_MkFloatTerm(p), tail);
p0 = p0 * (1 - arrayprob[r][i]);
}
tail = YAP_MkPairTerm(YAP_MkFloatTerm(p0), tail);
ruleTerm = YAP_MkIntTerm(r);
compoundTerm =
YAP_MkPairTerm(ruleTerm, YAP_MkPairTerm(tail, YAP_TermNil()));
out2 = YAP_MkPairTerm(compoundTerm, out2);
}
out3 = YAP_TermNil();
for (i = 0; i < lenNodes; i++) {
out3 = YAP_MkPairTerm(YAP_MkFloatTerm(nodes_probs_ex[i]), out3);
}
YAP_Unify(out3, arg8);
out1 = YAP_MkFloatTerm(CLL1);
YAP_Unify(out1, arg6);
free(nodes_ex);
free(example_prob);
free(nodes_probs_ex);
return (YAP_Unify(out2, arg7));
}
double SpeechKMeans::Run(int rounds) {
vector<vector<vector<DataPoint> > > phoneme_states(num_types_);
int num_modes = cluster_problems_.num_modes();
vector<vector<DataPoint> > center_estimators(num_modes);
vector<vector<double> > center_counts(num_modes);
if (use_unsupervised_ && !unsup_initialized_) {
vector<double> weights;
vector<DataPoint> points;
for (int utterance_index = 0;
utterance_index < problems_.utterance_size();
++utterance_index) {
ClusterSegmentsExpectation(utterance_index, &points, &weights);
}
ClusterSegmentsMaximization(&points, &weights);
unsup_initialized_ = true;
}
double round_score = 0.0;
for (int round = 0; round < rounds; ++round) {
if (use_gmm_) {
for (int mode = 0; mode < num_modes; ++mode) {
center_estimators[mode].resize(num_types_);
center_counts[mode].resize(num_types_);
for (int type = 0; type < num_types_; ++type) {
center_estimators[mode][type].resize(problems_.num_features(), 0.0);
for (int feat = 0; feat < problems_.num_features(); ++feat) {
center_estimators[mode][type][feat] = 0.0;
}
center_counts[mode][type] = 0.0;
}
}
}
round_score = 0.0;
int total_correctness = 0;
for (int utterance_index = 0;
utterance_index < problems_.utterance_size();
++utterance_index) {
int correctness;
if (use_unsupervised_) {
round_score += UnsupExpectation(utterance_index, &correctness, &phoneme_states);
total_correctness += correctness;
} else if (!use_gmm_) {
round_score += Expectation(utterance_index, &correctness, &phoneme_states);
total_correctness += correctness;
} else {
round_score += GMMExpectation(utterance_index, center_estimators, center_counts);
Expectation(utterance_index, &correctness, &phoneme_states);
total_correctness += correctness;
}
}
if (use_unsupervised_) {
UnsupMaximization(phoneme_states);
} else if (!use_gmm_) {
Maximization(phoneme_states);
} else {
GMMMaximization(center_estimators, center_counts);
}
cerr << "SCORE: Round score: " << round << " " << round_score << " " << total_correctness << endl;
}
return round_score;
}