/* computing of $(-t^2 +u*s -t*p -p^2)^3$
* The algorithm is by J.Beuchat et.al, in the paper of "Algorithms and Arithmetic Operators for Computing
* the $eta_T$ Pairing in Characteristic Three", algorithm 4 in the appendix */
static void algorithm4a(element_t S, element_t t, element_t u) {
field_ptr f = FIELD(t);
element_t e1, c0, c1, m0, v0, v2;
element_init(e1, f);
element_init(c0, f);
element_init(c1, f);
element_init(m0, f);
element_init(v0, f);
element_init(v2, f);
element_set1(e1);
element_cubic(c0, t); // c0 == t^3
element_cubic(c1, u);
element_neg(c1, c1); // c1 == -u^3
element_mul(m0, c0, c0); // m0 == c0^2
element_neg(v0, m0); // v0 == -c0^2
element_sub(v0, v0, c0); // v0 == -c0^2 -c0
element_sub(v0, v0, e1); // v0 == -c0^2 -c0 -1
element_set1(v2);
element_sub(v2, v2, c0); // v2 == 1 -c0
// v1 == c1
// S == [[v0, v1], [v2, f3m.zero()], [f3m.two(), f3m.zero()]]
element_set(ITEM(S,0,0), v0);
element_set(ITEM(S,0,1), c1);
element_set(ITEM(S,1,0), v2);
element_set0(ITEM(S,1,1));
element_neg(ITEM(S,2,0), e1);
element_set0(ITEM(S,2,1));
element_clear(e1);
element_clear(c0);
element_clear(c1);
element_clear(m0);
element_clear(v0);
element_clear(v2);
}
static void e_miller_proj(element_t res, element_t P,
element_ptr QR, element_ptr R,
e_pairing_data_ptr p) {
//collate divisions
int n;
element_t v, vd;
element_t v1, vd1;
element_t Z, Z1;
element_t a, b, c;
const element_ptr cca = curve_a_coeff(P);
element_t e0, e1;
const element_ptr e2 = a, e3 = b;
element_t z, z2;
int i;
element_ptr Zx, Zy;
const element_ptr Px = curve_x_coord(P);
const element_ptr numx = curve_x_coord(QR);
const element_ptr numy = curve_y_coord(QR);
const element_ptr denomx = curve_x_coord(R);
const element_ptr denomy = curve_y_coord(R);
//convert Z from weighted projective (Jacobian) to affine
//i.e. (X, Y, Z) --> (X/Z^2, Y/Z^3)
//also sets z to 1
void to_affine(void)
{
element_invert(z, z);
element_square(e0, z);
element_mul(Zx, Zx, e0);
element_mul(e0, e0, z);
element_mul(Zy, Zy, e0);
element_set1(z);
element_set1(z2);
}
static void do_tangent(element_ptr z, element_ptr V, element_ptr Q)
{
element_ptr Vx = curve_x_coord(V);
element_ptr Vy = curve_y_coord(V);
element_ptr Qx = curve_x_coord(Q);
element_ptr Qy = curve_y_coord(Q);
element_t a, b, c;
element_init_same_as(a, Vx);
element_init_same_as(b, Vx);
element_init_same_as(c, Vx);
//a = -slope_tangent(V.x, V.y);
//b = 1;
//c = -(V.y + aV.x);
/*
//we could multiply by -2*V.y to avoid division so:
//a = -(3 Vx^2 + cc->a)
//b = 2 * Vy
//c = -(2 Vy^2 + a Vx);
//
//actually no, since fasterweil won't work if we do this
*/
element_square(a, Vx);
//element_mul_si(a, a, 3);
element_add(b, a, a);
element_add(a, b, a);
element_set1(b);
element_add(a, a, b);
element_neg(a, a);
element_double(b, Vy);
element_div(a, a, b);
element_set1(b);
element_mul(c, a, Vx);
element_add(c, c, Vy);
element_neg(c, c);
element_printf("tan at %B: %B %B %B\n", V, a, b, c);
element_mul(a, a, Qx);
element_mul(b, b, Qy);
element_add(c, c, a);
element_add(z, c, b);
element_printf("tan eval = %B\n", z);
element_clear(a);
element_clear(b);
element_clear(c);
}
static void curve_from_hash(element_t a, void *data, int len) {
element_t t, t1;
point_ptr p = (point_ptr)a->data;
curve_data_ptr cdp = (curve_data_ptr)a->field->data;
element_init(t, cdp->field);
element_init(t1, cdp->field);
p->inf_flag = 0;
element_from_hash(p->x, data, len);
for(;;) {
element_square(t, p->x);
element_add(t, t, cdp->a);
element_mul(t, t, p->x);
element_add(t, t, cdp->b);
if (element_is_sqr(t)) break;
// Compute x <- x^2 + 1 and try again.
element_square(p->x, p->x);
element_set1(t);
element_add(p->x, p->x, t);
}
element_sqrt(p->y, t);
if (element_sgn(p->y) < 0) element_neg(p->y, p->y);
if (cdp->cofac) element_mul_mpz(a, a, cdp->cofac);
element_clear(t);
element_clear(t1);
}
static val_ptr v_field_cast(val_ptr v, tree_ptr t) {
// TODO: Check args, x is an element.
val_ptr x = tree_eval((tree_ptr)darray_at(t->child, 0));
element_ptr e = x->elem;
if (e->field == M) {
if (v->field == M) return x;
element_ptr e2 = element_new(v->field);
if (element_is0(e)) // if 'set0' is not 'set1' in base field of GT, but we hope 'GT(0)' calls 'set1', we may directly call 'element_set0' here
element_set0(e2);
else if (element_is1(e)) // reason is same as above
element_set1(e2);
else
element_set_multiz(e2, (multiz)e->data);
x->elem = e2;
return x;
}
if (v->field == M) {
// Map to/from integer. TODO: Map to/from multiz instead.
mpz_t z;
mpz_init(z);
element_to_mpz(z, e);
element_clear(e);
element_init(e, v->field);
element_set_mpz(e, z);
mpz_clear(z);
}
return x;
}
static void do_vert(element_ptr z, element_ptr V, element_ptr Q)
{
element_ptr Vx = curve_x_coord(V);
element_ptr Qx = curve_x_coord(Q);
element_ptr Qy = curve_y_coord(Q);
element_t a, b, c;
element_init_same_as(a, Vx);
element_init_same_as(b, Vx);
element_init_same_as(c, Vx);
//a = 1
//b = 0;
//c = -Vx
element_set1(a);
element_set0(b);
element_neg(c, Vx);
element_printf("vert at %B: %B %B %B\n", Vx, a, b, c);
element_mul(a, a, Qx);
element_mul(b, b, Qy);
element_add(c, c, a);
element_add(z, c, b);
element_printf("vert eval = %B\n", z);
element_clear(a);
element_clear(b);
element_clear(c);
}
void CipherText::langrange(element_t* ys, int index, int k, int num){
element_t delta;
element_t numerator;
element_t denominator;
element_t temp;
element_init_Zr(delta, *(this->p));
element_init_Zr(numerator, *(this->p));
element_init_Zr(denominator, *(this->p));
element_init_Zr(temp, *(this->p));
element_init_Zr(ys[index], *(this->p));
element_set0(ys[index]);
int i, j;
for(i = 0; i < k; i++){
//compute the langrange coefficent l
element_set1(delta);
for(j = 0; j < k; j++){
if( j != i){
element_set_si(numerator, index - j);
element_set_si(denominator, i - j);
element_div(numerator, numerator, denominator);
element_mul(delta, delta, numerator);
}
}
element_mul(temp, ys[i], delta);
element_add(ys[index], ys[index], temp);
}
}
static void point_random(element_t a) {
point_ptr p = DATA(a);
element_ptr x = p->x, y = p->y;
field_ptr f = x->field;
p->isinf = 0;
element_t t, t2, e1;
element_init(t, f);
element_init(e1, f);
element_set1(e1);
element_init(t2, f);
do {
element_random(x);
if (element_is0(x))
continue;
element_cubic(t, x); // t == x^3
element_sub(t, t, x); // t == x^3 - x
element_add(t, t, e1); // t == x^3 - x + 1
element_sqrt(y, t); // y == sqrt(x^3 - x + 1)
element_mul(t2, y, y); // t2 == x^3 - x + 1
} while (element_cmp(t2, t)); // t2 != t
// make sure order of $a$ is order of $G_1$
pairing_ptr pairing = FIELD(a)->pairing;
pairing_data_ptr dp = pairing->data;
element_pow_mpz(a, a, dp->n2);
element_clear(t);
element_clear(t2);
element_clear(e1);
}
static void sn_add(element_t c, element_t a, element_t b) {
point_ptr r = c->data;
point_ptr p = a->data;
point_ptr q = b->data;
if (p->inf_flag) {
sn_set(c, b);
return;
}
if (q->inf_flag) {
sn_set(c, a);
return;
}
if (!element_cmp(p->x, q->x)) {
if (!element_cmp(p->y, q->y)) {
if (element_is0(p->y)) {
r->inf_flag = 1;
return;
} else {
sn_double_no_check(r, p);
return;
}
}
//points are inverses of each other
r->inf_flag = 1;
return;
} else {
element_t lambda, e0, e1;
element_init(lambda, p->x->field);
element_init(e0, p->x->field);
element_init(e1, p->x->field);
//lambda = (y2-y1)/(x2-x1)
element_sub(e0, q->x, p->x);
element_invert(e0, e0);
element_sub(lambda, q->y, p->y);
element_mul(lambda, lambda, e0);
//x3 = lambda^2 - x1 - x2 - 1
element_square(e0, lambda);
element_sub(e0, e0, p->x);
element_sub(e0, e0, q->x);
element_set1(e1);
element_sub(e0, e0, e1);
//y3 = (x1-x3)lambda - y1
element_sub(e1, p->x, e0);
element_mul(e1, e1, lambda);
element_sub(e1, e1, p->y);
element_set(r->x, e0);
element_set(r->y, e1);
r->inf_flag = 0;
element_clear(lambda);
element_clear(e0);
element_clear(e1);
}
}
void miller(element_t z, element_t PR, element_t R, element_t P, element_t Q)
{
int m = mpz_sizeinbase(order, 2) - 2;
element_t Z;
element_t z1;
element_t x1;
element_init_same_as(Z, PR);
element_set(Z, P);
element_set1(z);
element_init_same_as(z1, z);
element_init_same_as(x1, z);
do_vert(x1, PR, Q);
element_printf("vert(P+R) %B\n", x1);
do_line(z1, P, R, Q);
element_printf("line(P,R) %B\n", z1);
element_div(x1, x1, z1);
element_printf("x1 %B\n", x1);
element_set(z, x1);
for (;;) {
printf("iteration %d: %d\n", m, mpz_tstbit(order,m));
element_square(z, z);
element_printf("squared: %B\n", z);
do_tangent(z1, Z, Q);
element_mul(z, z, z1);
element_double(Z, Z);
do_vert(z1, Z, Q);
element_div(z, z, z1);
element_printf("pre-if: %B\n", z);
if (mpz_tstbit(order, m)) {
element_mul(z, z, x1);
do_vert(z1, P, Q);
element_mul(z, z, z1);
element_printf("done %B\n", z);
/*
do_line(z1, Z, P, Q);
element_mul(z, z, z1);
element_add(Z, Z, P);
do_vert(z1, Z, Q);
element_div(z, z, z1);
*/
}
if (!m) break;
m--;
}
element_clear(x1);
element_clear(z1);
}
static void do_line(element_ptr z, element_ptr V, element_ptr P, element_ptr Q)
{
element_ptr Vx = curve_x_coord(V);
element_ptr Vy = curve_y_coord(V);
element_ptr Px = curve_x_coord(P);
element_ptr Py = curve_y_coord(P);
element_ptr Qx = curve_x_coord(Q);
element_ptr Qy = curve_y_coord(Q);
element_t a, b, c, e0;
element_init_same_as(a, Vx);
element_init_same_as(b, Vx);
element_init_same_as(c, Vx);
element_init_same_as(e0, Vx);
//a = -(B.y - A.y) / (B.x - A.x);
//b = 1;
//c = -(A.y + a * A.x);
element_sub(a, Py, Vy);
element_sub(b, Vx, Px);
element_div(a, a, b);
element_set1(b);
element_mul(c, a, Vx);
element_add(c, c, Vy);
element_neg(c, c);
/*
//but we could multiply by B.x - A.x to avoid division, so
//a = -(By - Ay)
//b = Bx - Ax
//c = -(Ay b + a Ax);
element_sub(a, Vy, Py);
element_sub(b, Px, Vx);
element_mul(c, Vx, Py);
element_mul(e0, Vy, Px);
element_sub(c, c, e0);
//
//actually no, since fasterweil won't work if we do this
*/
element_printf("line at %B: %B %B %B\n", V, a, b, c);
element_mul(a, a, Qx);
element_mul(b, b, Qy);
element_add(c, c, a);
element_add(z, c, b);
element_printf(" = %B\n", z);
element_clear(a);
element_clear(b);
element_clear(c);
element_clear(e0);
}
/* computing the Eta_T bilinear pairing $c <- Eta_T pairing(P,R)$ */
static void eta_T_pairing(element_ptr c, element_ptr P, element_ptr R, struct pairing_s *p) {
UNUSED_VAR(p);
if (DATA(P)->isinf || DATA(R)->isinf)
element_set1(c);
else {
element_ptr x1 = DATA(P)->x, y1 = DATA(P)->y, x2 = DATA(R)->x, y2 =
DATA(R)->y;
if((PARAM(x1)->m - 1) / 2 % 2 == 0)
algorithm5(c, x1, y1, x2, y2);
else
algorithm4(c, x1, y1, x2, y2);
algorithm8(c, c);
}
}
static void test_gf3m_inverse(void) {
element_set1(a);
element_invert(b, a);
EXPECT(!element_cmp(b, e1));
element_set(a, e2);
element_invert(b, a);
EXPECT(!element_cmp(b, e2));
element_random(a);
element_invert(b, a);
element_mul(a, a, b);
EXPECT(!element_cmp(a, e1));
}
static void d_pairing_pp_apply(element_ptr out, element_ptr in2,
pairing_pp_t p) {
mpz_ptr q = p->pairing->r;
pptr info = p->pairing->data;
mp_bitcnt_t m = (mp_bitcnt_t)mpz_sizeinbase(q, 2);
m = (m > 2 ? m - 2 : 0);
pp_coeff_t *coeff = (pp_coeff_t *) p->data;
pp_coeff_ptr pp = coeff[0];
element_ptr Qbase = in2;
element_t e0;
element_t Qx, Qy;
element_t v;
element_init_same_as(e0, out);
element_init_same_as(v, out);
element_init(Qx, info->Fqd);
element_init(Qy, info->Fqd);
// Twist: (x, y) --> (v^-1 x, v^-(3/2) y)
// where v is the quadratic nonresidue used to construct the twist
element_mul(Qx, curve_x_coord(Qbase), info->nqrinv);
// v^-3/2 = v^-2 * v^1/2
element_mul(Qy, curve_y_coord(Qbase), info->nqrinv2);
element_set1(out);
for(;;) {
d_miller_evalfn(e0, pp->a, pp->b, pp->c, Qx, Qy);
element_mul(out, out, e0);
pp++;
if (!m) break;
if (mpz_tstbit(q, m)) {
d_miller_evalfn(e0, pp->a, pp->b, pp->c, Qx, Qy);
element_mul(out, out, e0);
pp++;
}
m--;
element_square(out, out);
}
cc_tatepower(out, out, p->pairing);
element_clear(e0);
element_clear(Qx);
element_clear(Qy);
element_clear(v);
}
void setup(void) {
field_init_gf3m(f97, 97, 12);
element_init(a, f97);
element_init(b, f97);
element_init(e0, f97);
element_init(e1, f97);
element_init(e2, f97);
element_set1(e1);
element_neg(e2, e1);
field_init_gf32m(f97_2, f97);
element_init(a2, f97_2);
element_init(b2, f97_2);
field_init_gf33m(f97_3, f97);
element_init(a3, f97_3);
element_init(b3, f97_3);
field_init_gf33m(f97_6, f97_2);
element_init(a6, f97_6);
element_init(b6, f97_6);
data = pbc_malloc(f97->fixed_length_in_bytes);
}
static void
_witness_set_product(setup_params_t *setup, store_t *asnums, uint32_t id, element_t result)
{
uint32_t asnum = 0;
store_iterator_t *iterator = pbgp_store_iterator_open(asnums);
store_key_t key = *(STORE_KEY_SET_DATA(key, ASLIST, asnum));
element_set1(result);
for (uint32_t i = 0, pos = 0, np1 = setup->n + 1;
pbgp_store_iterator_uget_next(iterator, &key, NULL, NULL) == 0; i++) {
if (asnum == id) {
continue ;
}
pos = np1 - asnum + id;
if (pos >= np1) {
pos-- ;
}
assert (setup->n * 2 - 1 > pos);
element_mul(result, result, setup->P[pos]);
}
pbgp_store_iterator_close(iterator);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
FILE *fpairing, *ftag, *fdata, *fresult, *fplain, *fkey, *fcipher, *fpub;
pairing_t pairing;
paillier_pubkey_t *pub;
paillier_prvkey_t *priv;
element_t g, h, u, sig1, sig2, sig3, temp_pow, m, g1, g2;
element_t public_key, tag, tag_prod;
element_t secret_key;
paillier_get_rand_t get_rand;
paillier_ciphertext_t *cipher1, *cipher2;
paillier_plaintext_t *plain1, *plain2;
mpz_t pub_n, a, b, data2, nsquare;
int count = 0, val=5;
pairing_init_set_str(pairing, param_str);
//mpz_init_set_str(data_sum, "0", 10);
plain1 = (paillier_plaintext_t*) malloc(sizeof(paillier_plaintext_t));
plain2 = (paillier_plaintext_t*) malloc(sizeof(paillier_plaintext_t));
cipher1 = (paillier_ciphertext_t*) malloc(sizeof(paillier_ciphertext_t));
cipher2 = (paillier_ciphertext_t*) malloc(sizeof(paillier_ciphertext_t));
//pbc_demo_pairing_init(pairing, argc, argv);
element_init_G1(g1, pairing);
element_init_G1(g2, pairing);
element_init_G2(g, pairing);
element_init_G2(public_key, pairing);
element_init_G1(u, pairing);
element_init_G1(temp_pow, pairing);
element_init_G2(public_key, pairing);
element_init_G1(h, pairing);
element_init_G1(m, pairing);
element_init_G1(sig1, pairing);
element_init_G1(sig2, pairing);
element_init_G1(sig3, pairing);
element_init_G1(tag, pairing);
element_init_G1(tag_prod, pairing);
element_init_Zr(secret_key, pairing);
// mpz_init(pub_n);
char *len;
mpz_init(a);
mpz_init(b);
mpz_init(data2);
printf("Short signature test\n");
len = (char *)malloc(2048*sizeof(char));
if((fpub = fopen("pub.txt", "r")))
{
pub = (paillier_pubkey_t*) malloc(sizeof(paillier_pubkey_t));
priv = (paillier_prvkey_t*) malloc(sizeof(paillier_prvkey_t));
mpz_init(pub->n_squared);
mpz_init(pub->n);
fgets(len, 1000, fpub);
mpz_init_set_str(pub->p, len, 10);
fgets(len, 1000, fpub);
mpz_init_set_str(pub->q, len, 10);
fgets(len, 1000, fpub);
mpz_init_set_str(pub->n_plusone, len, 10);
//printf("value of nplusone : \n");
//mpz_out_str(stdout, 10, pub->n_plusone);
paillier_keygen(&pub, &priv, get_rand, 0);
pub->bits = mpz_sizeinbase(pub->n, 2);
fclose(fpub);
}
//setting already known pairing parameters
if((fpairing = fopen("pairing.txt", "r")))
{
fgets(len, 1000, fpairing);
//printf("\n %s\n", len);
element_set_str(g, len, 10);
//element_printf(" g = %B\n", g);
fgets(len, 1000, fpairing);
//printf("\n %s\n", len);
element_set_str(u, len, 10);
//element_printf("\n u= %B\n", u);
fgets(len, 1000, fpairing);
element_set_str(secret_key, len, 10);
//element_printf(" secretkey %B\n",secret_key);
fgets(len, 1000, fpairing);
element_set_str(public_key, len, 10);
//element_printf(" publickey %B\n", public_key);
fgets(len, 1000, fpairing);
element_set_str(h, len, 10);
//element_printf(" \nh = %B\n", h);
fgets(len, 1000, fpairing);
mpz_init_set_str(pub_n, len, 10);
//printf("\n n = ");
//mpz_out_str(stdout, 10, pub_n);
fclose(fpairing);
}
element_set1(tag_prod);
ftag = fopen("./tag/output5.txt", "r");
fgets(len, 1000, ftag);
element_set_str(g1, len, 10);
element_printf("\ng1 = %B\n", g1);
fclose(ftag);
ftag = fopen("./tag/output6.txt", "r");
fgets(len, 1000, ftag);
element_set_str(g2, len, 10);
element_printf("\ng2 = %B\n", g2);
fclose(ftag);
fplain = fopen("./split/output5.txt", "r");
fgets(len, 1000, fplain);
// printf("\nlen %s", len);
mpz_set_str(a, len, 10);
//element_printf("\na = %Zd\n", a);
fclose(fplain);
fplain = fopen("./split/output6.txt", "r");
fgets(len, 1000, fplain);
mpz_set_str(b, len, 10);
fcipher = fopen("./cipher/copy1/output5.txt", "r");
fgets(len, 1000, fcipher);
mpz_init_set_str(cipher1->c, len, 10);
fclose(fcipher);
fcipher = fopen("./cipher/copy1/output6.txt", "r");
fgets(len, 1000, fcipher);
mpz_init_set_str(cipher2->c, len, 10);
fclose(fcipher);
paillier_mul(pub, cipher2, cipher2, cipher1);
plain1 = paillier_dec(plain1, pub, priv, cipher2);
//tag
mpz_t an;
mpz_init(an);
mpz_init(nsquare);
// mpz_mul(an, a, pub_n);
mpz_mul(nsquare, pub_n, pub_n);
element_pow_mpz(temp_pow,u, plain1->m);
element_mul(temp_pow, temp_pow, h);
element_pow_zn(sig1, temp_pow, secret_key);
element_printf("\n signature of plain = %B\n", sig1);
//mpz_mul(an, b, pub_n);
// mpz_mul(nsquare, pub_n, pub_n);
element_pow_mpz(temp_pow,u, b);
element_mul(temp_pow, temp_pow, h);
element_pow_zn(sig2, temp_pow, secret_key);
element_printf("\n signature of b = %B\n", sig2);
//element_printf("\nb = %Zd\n", b);
fclose(fplain);
mpz_add(a, a, b);
// mpz_mod(a, a, pub_n);
// mpz_mul(a, a, pub_n);
// mpz_mod(a, a, nsquare);
count = 2;
element_pow_mpz(temp_pow,u, a);
mpz_set_ui(data2, count);
// itoa(count, len, 10);+
//element_printf(" \nh = %B\n", h);
element_pow_mpz(h, h, data2);
element_mul(temp_pow, temp_pow, h);
//element_printf("\n h. u^bN = %B\n", temp_pow);
element_pow_zn(sig3, temp_pow, secret_key);
element_printf("\n sig 3 %B\n", sig3);
element_mul(g2, g2, g1);
element_printf("\n Direct Product %B\n", g2);
element_mul(sig2, sig1, sig2);
element_printf("\n Direct Product %B\n", sig2);
return 0;
}
static void gf33m_set1(element_t e) {
element_ptr e0 = GF33M(e)->_0, e1 = GF33M(e)->_1, e2 = GF33M(e)->_2;
element_set1(e0);
element_set0(e1);
element_set0(e2);
}
static void miller(element_t res, element_t P, element_ptr QR, element_ptr R, int n) {
// Collate divisions.
mp_bitcnt_t m;
element_t v, vd;
element_t Z;
element_t a, b, c;
const element_ptr cca = curve_a_coeff(P);
const element_ptr Px = curve_x_coord(P);
const element_ptr Py = curve_y_coord(P);
element_t e0, e1;
mpz_t q;
element_ptr Zx, Zy;
const element_ptr numx = curve_x_coord(QR);
const element_ptr numy = curve_y_coord(QR);
const element_ptr denomx = curve_x_coord(R);
const element_ptr denomy = curve_y_coord(R);
#define do_vertical(e, edenom) { \
element_sub(e0, numx, Zx); \
element_mul((e), (e), e0); \
\
element_sub(e0, denomx, Zx); \
element_mul((edenom), (edenom), e0); \
}
#define do_tangent(e, edenom) { \
/*a = -slope_tangent(A.x, A.y); \
b = 1; \
c = -(A.y + a * A.x); \
but we multiply by 2*A.y to avoid division*/ \
\
/*a = -Ax * (Ax + Ax + Ax + twicea_2) - a_4; \
Common curves: a2 = 0 (and cc->a is a_4), so \
a = -(3 Ax^2 + cc->a) \
b = 2 * Ay \
c = -(2 Ay^2 + a Ax); */ \
\
if (element_is0(Zy)) { \
do_vertical((e), (edenom)); \
} else { \
element_square(a, Zx); \
element_mul_si(a, a, 3); \
element_add(a, a, cca); \
element_neg(a, a); \
\
element_add(b, Zy, Zy); \
\
element_mul(e0, b, Zy); \
element_mul(c, a, Zx); \
element_add(c, c, e0); \
element_neg(c, c); \
\
element_mul(e0, a, numx); \
element_mul(e1, b, numy); \
element_add(e0, e0, e1); \
element_add(e0, e0, c); \
element_mul((e), (e), e0); \
\
element_mul(e0, a, denomx); \
element_mul(e1, b, denomy); \
element_add(e0, e0, e1); \
element_add(e0, e0, c); \
element_mul((edenom), (edenom), e0); \
} \
}
#define do_line(e, edenom) { \
if (!element_cmp(Zx, Px)) { \
if (!element_cmp(Zy, Py)) { \
do_tangent(e, edenom); \
} else { \
do_vertical(e, edenom); \
} \
} else { \
element_sub(b, Px, Zx); \
element_sub(a, Zy, Py); \
element_mul(c, Zx, Py); \
element_mul(e0, Zy, Px); \
element_sub(c, c, e0); \
\
element_mul(e0, a, numx); \
element_mul(e1, b, numy); \
element_add(e0, e0, e1); \
element_add(e0, e0, c); \
element_mul(e, e, e0); \
\
element_mul(e0, a, denomx); \
element_mul(e1, b, denomy); \
element_add(e0, e0, e1); \
element_add(e0, e0, c); \
element_mul(edenom, edenom, e0); \
} \
}
element_init(a, res->field);
element_init(b, res->field);
element_init(c, res->field);
element_init(e0, res->field);
element_init(e1, res->field);
element_init(v, res->field);
element_init(vd, res->field);
element_init(Z, P->field);
element_set(Z, P);
Zx = curve_x_coord(Z);
Zy = curve_y_coord(Z);
element_set1(v);
element_set1(vd);
mpz_init(q);
mpz_set_ui(q, n);
m = (mp_bitcnt_t)mpz_sizeinbase(q, 2);
m = (m > 2 ? m - 2 : 0);
for (;;) {
element_square(v, v);
element_square(vd, vd);
do_tangent(v, vd);
element_double(Z, Z);
do_vertical(vd, v);
if (mpz_tstbit(q, m)) {
do_line(v, vd);
element_add(Z, Z, P);
if (m) {
do_vertical(vd, v);
}
}
if (!m) break;
m--;
}
mpz_clear(q);
element_invert(vd, vd);
element_mul(res, v, vd);
element_clear(v);
element_clear(vd);
element_clear(Z);
element_clear(a);
element_clear(b);
element_clear(c);
element_clear(e0);
element_clear(e1);
#undef do_vertical
#undef do_tangent
#undef do_line
}
static void fq_set1(element_ptr e) {
eptr p = e->data;
element_set1(p->x);
element_set0(p->y);
}
//TODO: the following code is useless as the Tate pairing is degenerate on singular curves
static void sn_miller(element_t res, mpz_t q, element_t P,
element_ptr Qx, element_ptr Qy) {
//collate divisions
int m;
element_t v, vd;
element_t Z;
element_t a, b, c;
element_t e0, e1;
element_ptr Zx;
element_ptr Zy;
const element_ptr Px = curve_x_coord(P);
const element_ptr Py = curve_y_coord(P);
#define do_vertical(e) \
element_sub(e0, Qx, Zx); \
element_mul(e, e, e0);
//a = -slope_tangent(Z.x, Z.y);
//b = 1;
//c = -(Z.y + a * Z.x);
//but we multiply by 2*Z.y to avoid division
//a = -Zx * (Zx + Zx + Zx + 2)
//b = 2 * Zy
//c = -(2 Zy^2 + a Zx);
#define do_tangent(e) \
element_double(e0, Zx); \
element_add(a, Zx, e0); \
element_set_si(e0, 2); \
element_add(a, a, e0); \
element_mul(a, a, Zx); \
element_neg(a, a); \
element_add(b, Zy, Zy); \
element_mul(e0, b, Zy); \
element_mul(c, a, Zx); \
element_add(c, c, e0); \
element_neg(c, c); \
element_mul(e0, a, Qx); \
element_mul(e1, b, Qy); \
element_add(e0, e0, e1); \
element_add(e0, e0, c); \
element_mul(e, e, e0);
//a = -(B.y - A.y) / (B.x - A.x);
//b = 1;
//c = -(A.y + a * A.x);
//but we'll multiply by B.x - A.x to avoid division
#define do_line(e) \
element_sub(b, Px, Zx); \
element_sub(a, Zy, Py); \
element_mul(e0, b, Zy); \
element_mul(c, a, Zx); \
element_add(c, c, e0); \
element_neg(c, c); \
element_mul(e0, a, Qx); \
element_mul(e1, b, Qy); \
element_add(e0, e0, e1); \
element_add(e0, e0, c); \
element_mul(e, e, e0);
element_init(a, Px->field);
element_init(b, Px->field);
element_init(c, Px->field);
element_init(e0, res->field);
element_init(e1, res->field);
element_init(v, res->field);
element_init(vd, res->field);
element_init(Z, P->field);
element_set(Z, P);
Zx = curve_x_coord(Z);
Zy = curve_y_coord(Z);
element_set1(v);
element_set1(vd);
m = mpz_sizeinbase(q, 2) - 2;
while(m >= 0) {
element_mul(v, v, v);
element_mul(vd, vd, vd);
do_tangent(v);
element_double(Z, Z);
do_vertical(vd);
if (mpz_tstbit(q, m)) {
do_line(v);
element_add(Z, Z, P);
do_vertical(vd);
}
m--;
}
#undef do_tangent
#undef do_vertical
#undef do_line
element_invert(vd, vd);
element_mul(res, v, vd);
element_clear(v);
element_clear(vd);
element_clear(Z);
element_clear(a);
element_clear(b);
element_clear(c);
element_clear(e0);
element_clear(e1);
}
void pbc_decrypt(struct crypto *pbc, int tl, int *nse, int ts,
int use_caching, int use_product)
{
/* e(C_0, K_0) -> pairing(C, K[i])
* e(C_{i1}, K_{i1}) -> pairing(Ci[i], Ki[i])
* e(C_{i2}, K_{i2}) -> pairing(Ci[i], Ki[i])
*/
element_t C, K[ts], Ci[tl], Ki[tl], R, A, B, M, T;
int num_mul=0, num_pair=0;
struct timeval st, en;
int i, j;
/* -------------------- setup --------------------- */
gettimeofday(&st, NULL);
element_init_G1(C, pbc->pairing);
element_random(C);
for (i = 0; i < ts; i++) {
element_init_G2(K[i], pbc->pairing);
element_random(K[i]);
}
for (i = 0; i < tl; i++) {
element_init_G1(Ci[i], pbc->pairing);
element_random(Ci[i]);
}
for (i = 0; i < tl; i++) {
element_init_G2(Ki[i], pbc->pairing);
element_random(Ki[i]);
}
element_init_GT(R, pbc->pairing);
element_init_GT(A, pbc->pairing);
element_init_GT(B, pbc->pairing);
element_init_GT(M, pbc->pairing);
element_init_GT(T, pbc->pairing);
gettimeofday(&en, NULL);
printf("Setup: %lu us\n", time_diff(&st, &en));
printf("tl=%d ts=%d|", tl, ts);
for (i = 0; i < ts; i++)
printf("%d ", nse[i]);
printf("\n");
/* ------------------ decryption ------------------ */
gettimeofday(&st, NULL);
/* e(C0, K0) across all tokens */
if (use_caching) {
pairing_pp_t pp;
pairing_pp_init(pp, C, pbc->pairing);
for (i = 0; i < ts; i++)
pairing_pp_apply(R, K[i], pp);
pairing_pp_clear(pp);
} else
for (i = 0; i < ts; i++) {
pairing_apply(R, C, K[i], pbc->pairing);
num_pair++;
}
/* prod{e(Ci1, Ki1)}prod{e(Ci2, Ki2)} across all tokens */
if (use_product) {
for (i = 0; i < ts; i++) {
if (!nse[i])continue;
element_prod_pairing(A, Ci, Ki, nse[i]);
element_prod_pairing(B, Ci, Ki, nse[i]);
element_mul(M, A, B);
}
} else
for (i = 0; i < ts; i++) {
element_set1(A);
for (j = 0; j < nse[i]; j++) {
element_pairing(T, Ci[j], Ki[j]);
element_mul(A, A, T);
num_pair++;
num_mul++;
}
element_set1(B);
for (j = 0; j < nse[i]; j++) {
element_pairing(T, Ci[j], Ki[j]);
element_mul(B, B, T);
num_pair++;
num_mul++;
}
element_mul(M, A, B);
num_mul++;
}
gettimeofday(&en, NULL);
printf("Decryption: %lu us\n", time_diff(&st, &en));
if (use_caching || use_product) {
num_pair = -1;
num_mul = -1;
}
printf("Used %d pairings and %d multiplications\n", num_pair, num_mul);
/* ------------------- cleanup -------------------- */
gettimeofday(&st, NULL);
element_clear(T);
element_clear(M);
element_clear(B);
element_clear(A);
element_clear(R);
element_clear(C);
for (i = 0; i < ts; i++)
element_clear(K[i]);
for (i = 0; i < tl; i++)
element_clear(Ci[i]);
for (i = 0; i < tl; i++)
element_clear(Ki[i]);
gettimeofday(&en, NULL);
printf("Cleanup: %lu us\n", time_diff(&st, &en));
}
static void mulg_set1(element_t e) {
element_set1(e->data);
}
static void mulg_init(element_ptr e) {
e->data = pbc_malloc(sizeof(element_t));
field_ptr f = e->field->data;
element_init(e->data, f);
element_set1(e->data);
}
void shipseystange(element_t z, element_t P, element_t Q)
{
mpz_t q1r;
mpz_init(q1r);
mpz_set_ui(q1r, 696);
element_ptr x = curve_x_coord(P);
element_ptr y = curve_y_coord(P);
element_ptr x2 = curve_x_coord(Q);
element_ptr y2 = curve_y_coord(Q);
element_t v0m1, v0m2, v0m3;
element_t v00, v01, v02, v03, v04;
element_t v1m1, v10, v11;
element_t t0, t1, t2;
element_t W20inv;
element_t Wm11inv;
element_t W2m1inv;
element_t sm2, sm1, s0, s1, s2, s3;
element_t pm2, pm1, p0, p1, p2, p3;
element_init_same_as(sm2, z);
element_init_same_as(sm1, z);
element_init_same_as(s0, z);
element_init_same_as(s1, z);
element_init_same_as(s2, z);
element_init_same_as(s3, z);
element_init_same_as(pm2, z);
element_init_same_as(pm1, z);
element_init_same_as(p0, z);
element_init_same_as(p1, z);
element_init_same_as(p2, z);
element_init_same_as(p3, z);
element_init_same_as(v0m3, z);
element_init_same_as(v0m2, z);
element_init_same_as(v0m1, z);
element_init_same_as(v00, z);
element_init_same_as(v01, z);
element_init_same_as(v02, z);
element_init_same_as(v03, z);
element_init_same_as(v04, z);
element_init_same_as(v1m1, z);
element_init_same_as(v10, z);
element_init_same_as(v11, z);
element_init_same_as(W20inv, z);
element_init_same_as(Wm11inv, z);
element_init_same_as(W2m1inv, z);
element_init_same_as(t0, z);
element_init_same_as(t1, z);
element_init_same_as(t2, z);
element_set0(v0m1);
element_set1(v00);
element_neg(v0m2, v00);
element_double(v01, y);
element_neg(v0m3, v01);
element_invert(W20inv, v01);
element_sub(Wm11inv, x, x2);
element_square(t1, Wm11inv);
element_invert(Wm11inv, Wm11inv);
element_double(t0, x);
element_add(t0, t0, x2);
element_mul(t1, t0, t1);
element_add(t0, y, y2);
element_square(t0, t0);
element_sub(t0, t0, t1);
element_invert(W2m1inv, t0);
/* Let P=(x,y) since A=1, B=0 we have:
* W(3,0) = 3x^4 + 6x^2 - 1
* W(4,0) = 4y(x^6 + 5x^4 - 5x^2 - 1)
*/
//t0 = x^2
element_square(t0, x);
//t1 = x^4
element_square(t1, t0);
//t2 = x^4 + 2 x^2
element_double(t2, t0);
element_add(t2, t2, t1);
//v02 = W(3,0)
element_double(v02, t2);
element_add(v02, v02, t2);
element_add(v02, v02, v0m2);
//t2 = x^4 - x^2
element_sub(t2, t1, t0);
//v03 = 5(x^4 - x^2)
element_double(v03, t2);
element_double(v03, v03);
element_add(v03, v03, t2);
//t2 = x^6
element_mul(t2, t0, t1);
//v03 = W(4,0)
element_add(v03, v03, t2);
element_add(v03, v03, v0m2);
element_double(v03, v03);
element_double(v03, v03);
element_mul(v03, v03, y);
//v04 = W(5,0) = W(2,0)^3 W(4,0) - W(3,0)^3
element_square(t0, v01);
element_mul(t0, t0, v01);
element_mul(v04, t0, v03);
element_square(t0, v02);
element_mul(t0, t0, v02);
element_sub(v04, v04, t0);
element_set1(v1m1);
element_set1(v10);
element_printf("x y: %B %B\n", x, y);
element_printf("x2 y2: %B %B\n", x2, y2);
element_sub(t0, x2, x);
element_sub(t1, y2, y);
element_div(t0, t1, t0);
element_square(t0, t0);
element_double(v11, x);
element_add(v11, v11, x2);
element_sub(v11, v11, t0);
element_printf("VEC1: %B %B %B\n", v1m1, v10, v11);
element_printf("VEC0: %B %B %B %B %B %B %B %B\n",
v0m3, v0m2, v0m1, v00, v01, v02, v03, v04);
//Double
element_square(sm2, v0m2);
element_square(sm1, v0m1);
element_square(s0, v00);
element_square(s1, v01);
element_square(s2, v02);
element_square(s3, v03);
element_mul(pm2, v0m3, v0m1);
element_mul(pm1, v0m2, v00);
element_mul(p0, v0m1, v01);
element_mul(p1, v00, v02);
element_mul(p2, v01, v03);
element_mul(p3, v02, v04);
element_mul(t0, pm1, sm2);
element_mul(t1, pm2, sm1);
element_sub(v0m3, t0, t1);
element_mul(t1, pm2, s0);
element_mul(t0, p0, sm2);
element_sub(v0m2, t0, t1);
element_mul(v0m2, v0m2, W20inv);
element_mul(t0, p0, sm1);
element_mul(t1, pm1, s0);
element_sub(v0m1, t0, t1);
element_mul(t1, pm1, s1);
element_mul(t0, p1, sm1);
element_sub(v00, t0, t1);
element_mul(v00, v00, W20inv);
element_mul(t0, p1, s0);
element_mul(t1, p0, s1);
element_sub(v01, t0, t1);
element_mul(t1, p0, s2);
element_mul(t0, p2, s0);
element_sub(v02, t0, t1);
element_mul(v02, v02, W20inv);
element_mul(t0, p2, s1);
element_mul(t1, p1, s2);
element_sub(v03, t0, t1);
element_mul(t1, p1, s3);
element_mul(t0, p3, s1);
element_sub(v04, t0, t1);
element_mul(v04, v04, W20inv);
element_square(t0, v10);
element_mul(t1, v1m1, v11);
element_mul(t2, pm1, t0);
element_mul(v1m1, t1, sm1);
element_sub(v1m1, v1m1, t2);
element_mul(t2, p0, t0);
element_mul(v10, t1, s0);
element_sub(v10, v10, t2);
element_mul(t2, p1, t0);
element_mul(v11, t1, s1);
element_sub(v11, v11, t2);
element_mul(v11, v11, Wm11inv);
element_printf("VEC1: %B %B %B\n", v1m1, v10, v11);
element_printf("VEC0: %B %B %B %B %B %B %B %B\n",
v0m3, v0m2, v0m1, v00, v01, v02, v03, v04);
//DoubleAdd
element_square(sm2, v0m2);
element_square(sm1, v0m1);
element_square(s0, v00);
element_square(s1, v01);
element_square(s2, v02);
element_square(s3, v03);
element_mul(pm2, v0m3, v0m1);
element_mul(pm1, v0m2, v00);
element_mul(p0, v0m1, v01);
element_mul(p1, v00, v02);
element_mul(p2, v01, v03);
element_mul(p3, v02, v04);
element_mul(t1, pm2, s0);
element_mul(t0, p0, sm2);
element_sub(v0m3, t0, t1);
element_mul(v0m3, v0m3, W20inv);
element_mul(t0, p0, sm1);
element_mul(t1, pm1, s0);
element_sub(v0m2, t0, t1);
element_mul(t1, pm1, s1);
element_mul(t0, p1, sm1);
element_sub(v0m1, t0, t1);
element_mul(v0m1, v0m1, W20inv);
element_mul(t0, p1, s0);
element_mul(t1, p0, s1);
element_sub(v00, t0, t1);
element_mul(t1, p0, s2);
element_mul(t0, p2, s0);
element_sub(v01, t0, t1);
element_mul(v01, v01, W20inv);
element_mul(t0, p2, s1);
element_mul(t1, p1, s2);
element_sub(v02, t0, t1);
element_mul(t1, p1, s3);
element_mul(t0, p3, s1);
element_sub(v03, t0, t1);
element_mul(v03, v03, W20inv);
element_mul(t0, p3, s2);
element_mul(t1, p2, s3);
element_sub(v04, t0, t1);
element_square(t0, v10);
element_mul(t1, v1m1, v11);
element_mul(t2, p0, t0);
element_mul(v1m1, t1, s0);
element_sub(v1m1, v1m1, t2);
element_mul(t2, p1, t0);
element_mul(v10, t1, s1);
element_sub(v10, v10, t2);
element_mul(v10, v10, Wm11inv);
element_mul(t2, t1, s2);
element_mul(v11, p2, t0);
element_sub(v11, v11, t2);
element_mul(v11, v11, W2m1inv);
element_printf("VEC1: %B %B %B\n", v1m1, v10, v11);
element_printf("VEC0: %B %B %B %B %B %B %B %B\n",
v0m3, v0m2, v0m1, v00, v01, v02, v03, v04);
element_div(z, v11, v01);
element_printf("prepow: %B\n", z);
element_pow_mpz(z, z, q1r);
mpz_clear(q1r);
}
static void e_miller_proj(element_t res, element_t P,
element_ptr QR, element_ptr R,
e_pairing_data_ptr p) {
//collate divisions
int n;
element_t v, vd;
element_t v1, vd1;
element_t Z, Z1;
element_t a, b, c;
const element_ptr cca = curve_a_coeff(P);
element_t e0, e1;
const element_ptr e2 = a, e3 = b;
element_t z, z2;
int i;
element_ptr Zx, Zy;
const element_ptr Px = curve_x_coord(P);
const element_ptr numx = curve_x_coord(QR);
const element_ptr numy = curve_y_coord(QR);
const element_ptr denomx = curve_x_coord(R);
const element_ptr denomy = curve_y_coord(R);
//convert Z from weighted projective (Jacobian) to affine
//i.e. (X, Y, Z) --> (X/Z^2, Y/Z^3)
//also sets z to 1
#define to_affine() { \
element_invert(z, z); \
element_square(e0, z); \
element_mul(Zx, Zx, e0); \
element_mul(e0, e0, z); \
element_mul(Zy, Zy, e0); \
element_set1(z); \
element_set1(z2); \
}
#define proj_double() { \
const element_ptr x = Zx; \
const element_ptr y = Zy; \
/* e0 = 3x^2 + (cc->a) z^4 */ \
element_square(e0, x); \
/* element_mul_si(e0, e0, 3); */ \
element_double(e1, e0); \
element_add(e0, e0, e1); \
element_square(e1, z2); \
element_mul(e1, e1, cca); \
element_add(e0, e0, e1); \
\
/* z_out = 2 y z */ \
element_mul(z, y, z); \
/* element_mul_si(z, z, 2); */ \
element_double(z, z); \
element_square(z2, z); \
\
/* e1 = 4 x y^2 */ \
element_square(e2, y); \
element_mul(e1, x, e2); \
/* element_mul_si(e1, e1, 4); */ \
element_double(e1, e1); \
element_double(e1, e1); \
\
/* x_out = e0^2 - 2 e1 */ \
/* element_mul_si(e3, e1, 2); */ \
element_double(e3, e1); \
element_square(x, e0); \
element_sub(x, x, e3); \
\
/* e2 = 8y^4 */ \
element_square(e2, e2); \
/* element_mul_si(e2, e2, 8); */ \
element_double(e2, e2); \
element_double(e2, e2); \
element_double(e2, e2); \
\
/* y_out = e0(e1 - x_out) - e2 */ \
element_sub(e1, e1, x); \
element_mul(e0, e0, e1); \
element_sub(y, e0, e2); \
}
#define do_tangent(e, edenom) { \
/* a = -(3x^2 + cca z^4) */ \
/* b = 2 y z^3 */ \
/* c = -(2 y^2 + x a) */ \
/* a = z^2 a */ \
element_square(a, z2); \
element_mul(a, a, cca); \
element_square(b, Zx); \
/* element_mul_si(b, b, 3); */ \
element_double(e0, b); \
element_add(b, b, e0); \
element_add(a, a, b); \
element_neg(a, a); \
\
/* element_mul_si(e0, Zy, 2); */ \
element_double(e0, Zy); \
element_mul(b, e0, z2); \
element_mul(b, b, z); \
\
element_mul(c, Zx, a); \
element_mul(a, a, z2); \
element_mul(e0, e0, Zy); \
element_add(c, c, e0); \
element_neg(c, c); \
\
element_mul(e0, a, numx); \
element_mul(e1, b, numy); \
element_add(e0, e0, e1); \
element_add(e0, e0, c); \
element_mul(e, e, e0); \
\
element_mul(e0, a, denomx); \
element_mul(e1, b, denomy); \
element_add(e0, e0, e1); \
element_add(e0, e0, c); \
element_mul(edenom, edenom, e0); \
}
#define do_vertical(e, edenom, Ax) { \
element_mul(e0, numx, z2); \
element_sub(e0, e0, Ax); \
element_mul(e, e, e0); \
\
element_mul(e0, denomx, z2); \
element_sub(e0, e0, Ax); \
element_mul(edenom, edenom, e0); \
}
#define do_line(e, edenom, A, B) { \
element_ptr Ax = curve_x_coord(A); \
element_ptr Ay = curve_y_coord(A); \
element_ptr Bx = curve_x_coord(B); \
element_ptr By = curve_y_coord(B); \
\
element_sub(b, Bx, Ax); \
element_sub(a, Ay, By); \
element_mul(c, Ax, By); \
element_mul(e0, Ay, Bx); \
element_sub(c, c, e0); \
\
element_mul(e0, a, numx); \
element_mul(e1, b, numy); \
element_add(e0, e0, e1); \
element_add(e0, e0, c); \
element_mul(e, e, e0); \
\
element_mul(e0, a, denomx); \
element_mul(e1, b, denomy); \
element_add(e0, e0, e1); \
element_add(e0, e0, c); \
element_mul(edenom, edenom, e0); \
}
element_init(a, res->field);
element_init(b, res->field);
element_init(c, res->field);
element_init(e0, res->field);
element_init(e1, res->field);
element_init(z, res->field);
element_init(z2, res->field);
element_set1(z);
element_set1(z2);
element_init(v, res->field);
element_init(vd, res->field);
element_init(v1, res->field);
element_init(vd1, res->field);
element_init(Z, P->field);
element_init(Z1, P->field);
element_set(Z, P);
Zx = curve_x_coord(Z);
Zy = curve_y_coord(Z);
element_set1(v);
element_set1(vd);
element_set1(v1);
element_set1(vd1);
n = p->exp1;
for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
element_square(v, v);
element_square(vd, vd);
do_tangent(v, vd);
proj_double();
do_vertical(vd, v, Zx);
}
to_affine();
if (p->sign1 < 0) {
element_set(v1, vd);
element_set(vd1, v);
do_vertical(vd1, v1, Zx);
element_neg(Z1, Z);
} else {
element_set(v1, v);
element_set(vd1, vd);
element_set(Z1, Z);
}
n = p->exp2;
for (; i<n; i++) {
element_square(v, v);
element_square(vd, vd);
do_tangent(v, vd);
proj_double();
do_vertical(vd, v, Zx);
}
to_affine();
element_mul(v, v, v1);
element_mul(vd, vd, vd1);
do_line(v, vd, Z, Z1);
element_add(Z, Z, Z1);
do_vertical(vd, v, Zx);
if (p->sign0 > 0) {
do_vertical(v, vd, Px);
}
element_invert(vd, vd);
element_mul(res, v, vd);
element_clear(v);
element_clear(vd);
element_clear(v1);
element_clear(vd1);
element_clear(z);
element_clear(z2);
element_clear(Z);
element_clear(Z1);
element_clear(a);
element_clear(b);
element_clear(c);
element_clear(e0);
element_clear(e1);
#undef to_affine
#undef proj_double
#undef do_tangent
#undef do_vertical
#undef do_line
}
// in1, in2 are from E(F_q), out from F_q^2.
// Pairing via elliptic nets (see Stange).
static void e_pairing_ellnet(element_ptr out, element_ptr in1, element_ptr in2,
pairing_t pairing) {
const element_ptr a = curve_a_coeff(in1);
const element_ptr b = curve_b_coeff(in1);
element_ptr x = curve_x_coord(in1);
element_ptr y = curve_y_coord(in1);
element_ptr x2 = curve_x_coord(in2);
element_ptr y2 = curve_y_coord(in2);
//notation: cmi means c_{k-i}, ci means c_{k+i}
element_t cm3, cm2, cm1, c0, c1, c2, c3, c4;
element_t dm1, d0, d1;
element_t A, B, C;
element_init_same_as(cm3, x);
element_init_same_as(cm2, x);
element_init_same_as(cm1, x);
element_init_same_as(c0, x);
element_init_same_as(c1, x);
element_init_same_as(c2, x);
element_init_same_as(c3, x);
element_init_same_as(c4, x);
element_init_same_as(C, x);
element_init_same_as(dm1, out);
element_init_same_as(d0, out);
element_init_same_as(d1, out);
element_init_same_as(A, x);
element_init_same_as(B, out);
// c1 = 2y
// cm3 = -2y
element_double(c1, y);
element_neg(cm3, c1);
//use c0, cm1, cm2, C, c4 as temp variables for now
//compute c3, c2
element_square(cm2, x);
element_square(C, cm2);
element_mul(cm1, b, x);
element_double(cm1, cm1);
element_square(c4, a);
element_mul(c2, cm1, cm2);
element_double(c2, c2);
element_mul(c0, a, C);
element_add(c2, c2, c0);
element_mul(c0, c4, cm2);
element_sub(c2, c2, c0);
element_double(c0, c2);
element_double(c0, c0);
element_add(c2, c2, c0);
element_mul(c0, cm1, a);
element_square(c3, b);
element_double(c3, c3);
element_double(c3, c3);
element_add(c0, c0, c3);
element_double(c0, c0);
element_mul(c3, a, c4);
element_add(c0, c0, c3);
element_sub(c2, c2, c0);
element_mul(c0, cm2, C);
element_add(c3, c0, c2);
element_mul(c3, c3, c1);
element_double(c3, c3);
element_mul(c0, a, cm2);
element_add(c0, c0, cm1);
element_double(c0, c0);
element_add(c0, c0, C);
element_double(c2, c0);
element_add(c0, c0, c2);
element_sub(c2, c0, c4);
// c0 = 1
// cm2 = -1
element_set1(c0);
element_neg(cm2, c0);
// c4 = c_5 = c_2^3 c_4 - c_3^3 = c1^3 c3 - c2^3
element_square(C, c1);
element_mul(c4, C, c1);
element_mul(c4, c4, c3);
element_square(C, c2);
element_mul(C, C, c2);
element_sub(c4, c4, C);
//compute A, B, d1 (which is d_2 since k = 1)
element_sub(A, x, x2);
element_double(C, x);
element_add(C, C, x2);
element_square(cm1, A);
element_mul(cm1, C, cm1);
element_add(d1, y, y2);
element_square(d1, d1);
element_sub(B, cm1, d1);
element_invert(B, B);
element_invert(A, A);
element_sub(d1, y, y2);
element_mul(d1, d1, A);
element_square(d1, d1);
element_sub(d1, C, d1);
// cm1 = 0
// C = (2y)^-1
element_set0(cm1);
element_invert(C, c1);
element_set1(dm1);
element_set1(d0);
element_t sm2, sm1;
element_t s0, s1, s2, s3;
element_t tm2, tm1;
element_t t0, t1, t2, t3;
element_t e0, e1;
element_t u, v;
element_init_same_as(sm2, x);
element_init_same_as(sm1, x);
element_init_same_as(s0, x);
element_init_same_as(s1, x);
element_init_same_as(s2, x);
element_init_same_as(s3, x);
element_init_same_as(tm2, x);
element_init_same_as(tm1, x);
element_init_same_as(t0, x);
element_init_same_as(t1, x);
element_init_same_as(t2, x);
element_init_same_as(t3, x);
element_init_same_as(e0, x);
element_init_same_as(e1, x);
element_init_same_as(u, d0);
element_init_same_as(v, d0);
int m = mpz_sizeinbase(pairing->r, 2) - 2;
for (;;) {
element_square(sm2, cm2);
element_square(sm1, cm1);
element_square(s0, c0);
element_square(s1, c1);
element_square(s2, c2);
element_square(s3, c3);
element_mul(tm2, cm3, cm1);
element_mul(tm1, cm2, c0);
element_mul(t0, cm1, c1);
element_mul(t1, c0, c2);
element_mul(t2, c1, c3);
element_mul(t3, c2, c4);
element_square(u, d0);
element_mul(v, dm1, d1);
if (mpz_tstbit(pairing->r, m)) {
//double-and-add
element_mul(e0, t0, sm2);
element_mul(e1, tm2, s0);
element_sub(cm3, e0, e1);
element_mul(cm3, cm3, C);
element_mul(e0, t0, sm1);
element_mul(e1, tm1, s0);
element_sub(cm2, e0, e1);
element_mul(e0, t1, sm1);
element_mul(e1, tm1, s1);
element_sub(cm1, e0, e1);
element_mul(cm1, cm1, C);
element_mul(e0, t1, s0);
element_mul(e1, t0, s1);
element_sub(c0, e0, e1);
element_mul(e0, t2, s0);
element_mul(e1, t0, s2);
element_sub(c1, e0, e1);
element_mul(c1, c1, C);
element_mul(e0, t2, s1);
element_mul(e1, t1, s2);
element_sub(c2, e0, e1);
element_mul(e0, t3, s1);
element_mul(e1, t1, s3);
element_sub(c3, e0, e1);
element_mul(c3, c3, C);
element_mul(e0, t3, s2);
element_mul(e1, t2, s3);
element_sub(c4, e0, e1);
element_mul(out, u, t0);
element_mul(dm1, v, s0);
element_sub(dm1, dm1, out);
element_mul(out, u, t1);
element_mul(d0, v, s1);
element_sub(d0, d0, out);
element_mul(d0, d0, A);
element_mul(out, u, t2);
element_mul(d1, v, s2);
element_sub(d1, d1, out);
element_mul(d1, d1, B);
} else {
//double
element_mul(e0, tm1, sm2);
element_mul(e1, tm2, sm1);
element_sub(cm3, e0, e1);
element_mul(e0, t0, sm2);
element_mul(e1, tm2, s0);
element_sub(cm2, e0, e1);
element_mul(cm2, cm2, C);
element_mul(e0, t0, sm1);
element_mul(e1, tm1, s0);
element_sub(cm1, e0, e1);
element_mul(e0, t1, sm1);
element_mul(e1, tm1, s1);
element_sub(c0, e0, e1);
element_mul(c0, c0, C);
element_mul(e0, t1, s0);
element_mul(e1, t0, s1);
element_sub(c1, e0, e1);
element_mul(e0, t2, s0);
element_mul(e1, t0, s2);
element_sub(c2, e0, e1);
element_mul(c2, c2, C);
element_mul(e0, t2, s1);
element_mul(e1, t1, s2);
element_sub(c3, e0, e1);
element_mul(e0, t3, s1);
element_mul(e1, t1, s3);
element_sub(c4, e0, e1);
element_mul(c4, c4, C);
element_mul(out, u, tm1);
element_mul(dm1, v, sm1);
element_sub(dm1, dm1, out);
element_mul(out, u, t0);
element_mul(d0, v, s0);
element_sub(d0, d0, out);
element_mul(out, u, t1);
element_mul(d1, v, s1);
element_sub(d1, d1, out);
element_mul(d1, d1, A);
}
if (!m) break;
m--;
}
element_invert(c1, c1);
element_mul(d1, d1, c1);
element_pow_mpz(out, d1, pairing->phikonr);
element_clear(dm1);
element_clear(d0);
element_clear(d1);
element_clear(cm3);
element_clear(cm2);
element_clear(cm1);
element_clear(c0);
element_clear(c1);
element_clear(c2);
element_clear(c3);
element_clear(c4);
element_clear(sm2);
element_clear(sm1);
element_clear(s0);
element_clear(s1);
element_clear(s2);
element_clear(s3);
element_clear(tm2);
element_clear(tm1);
element_clear(t0);
element_clear(t1);
element_clear(t2);
element_clear(t3);
element_clear(e0);
element_clear(e1);
element_clear(A);
element_clear(B);
element_clear(C);
element_clear(u);
element_clear(v);
}
static void e_miller_affine(element_t res, element_t P,
element_ptr QR, element_ptr R,
e_pairing_data_ptr p) {
//collate divisions
int n;
element_t v, vd;
element_t v1, vd1;
element_t Z, Z1;
element_t a, b, c;
element_t e0, e1;
const element_ptr Px = curve_x_coord(P);
const element_ptr cca = curve_a_coeff(P);
element_ptr Zx, Zy;
int i;
const element_ptr numx = curve_x_coord(QR);
const element_ptr numy = curve_y_coord(QR);
const element_ptr denomx = curve_x_coord(R);
const element_ptr denomy = curve_y_coord(R);
#define do_vertical(e, edenom, Ax) { \
element_sub(e0, numx, Ax); \
element_mul(e, e, e0); \
\
element_sub(e0, denomx, Ax); \
element_mul(edenom, edenom, e0); \
}
#define do_tangent(e, edenom) { \
/* a = -slope_tangent(A.x, A.y); */ \
/* b = 1; */ \
/* c = -(A.y + a * A.x); */ \
/* but we multiply by 2*A.y to avoid division */ \
\
/* a = -Ax * (Ax + Ax + Ax + twicea_2) - a_4; */ \
/* Common curves: a2 = 0 (and cc->a is a_4), so */ \
/* a = -(3 Ax^2 + cc->a) */ \
/* b = 2 * Ay */ \
/* c = -(2 Ay^2 + a Ax); */ \
\
element_square(a, Zx); \
element_mul_si(a, a, 3); \
element_add(a, a, cca); \
element_neg(a, a); \
\
element_add(b, Zy, Zy); \
\
element_mul(e0, b, Zy); \
element_mul(c, a, Zx); \
element_add(c, c, e0); \
element_neg(c, c); \
\
element_mul(e0, a, numx); \
element_mul(e1, b, numy); \
element_add(e0, e0, e1); \
element_add(e0, e0, c); \
element_mul(e, e, e0); \
\
element_mul(e0, a, denomx); \
element_mul(e1, b, denomy); \
element_add(e0, e0, e1); \
element_add(e0, e0, c); \
element_mul(edenom, edenom, e0); \
}
#define do_line(e, edenom, A, B) { \
element_ptr Ax = curve_x_coord(A); \
element_ptr Ay = curve_y_coord(A); \
element_ptr Bx = curve_x_coord(B); \
element_ptr By = curve_y_coord(B); \
\
element_sub(b, Bx, Ax); \
element_sub(a, Ay, By); \
element_mul(c, Ax, By); \
element_mul(e0, Ay, Bx); \
element_sub(c, c, e0); \
\
element_mul(e0, a, numx); \
element_mul(e1, b, numy); \
element_add(e0, e0, e1); \
element_add(e0, e0, c); \
element_mul(e, e, e0); \
\
element_mul(e0, a, denomx); \
element_mul(e1, b, denomy); \
element_add(e0, e0, e1); \
element_add(e0, e0, c); \
element_mul(edenom, edenom, e0); \
}
element_init(a, res->field);
element_init(b, res->field);
element_init(c, res->field);
element_init(e0, res->field);
element_init(e1, res->field);
element_init(v, res->field);
element_init(vd, res->field);
element_init(v1, res->field);
element_init(vd1, res->field);
element_init(Z, P->field);
element_init(Z1, P->field);
element_set(Z, P);
Zx = curve_x_coord(Z);
Zy = curve_y_coord(Z);
element_set1(v);
element_set1(vd);
element_set1(v1);
element_set1(vd1);
n = p->exp1;
for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
element_square(v, v);
element_square(vd, vd);
do_tangent(v, vd);
element_double(Z, Z);
do_vertical(vd, v, Zx);
}
if (p->sign1 < 0) {
element_set(v1, vd);
element_set(vd1, v);
do_vertical(vd1, v1, Zx);
element_neg(Z1, Z);
} else {
element_set(v1, v);
element_set(vd1, vd);
element_set(Z1, Z);
}
n = p->exp2;
for (; i<n; i++) {
element_square(v, v);
element_square(vd, vd);
do_tangent(v, vd);
element_double(Z, Z);
do_vertical(vd, v, Zx);
}
element_mul(v, v, v1);
element_mul(vd, vd, vd1);
do_line(v, vd, Z, Z1);
element_add(Z, Z, Z1);
do_vertical(vd, v, Zx);
if (p->sign0 > 0) {
do_vertical(v, vd, Px);
}
element_invert(vd, vd);
element_mul(res, v, vd);
element_clear(v);
element_clear(vd);
element_clear(v1);
element_clear(vd1);
element_clear(Z);
element_clear(Z1);
element_clear(a);
element_clear(b);
element_clear(c);
element_clear(e0);
element_clear(e1);
#undef do_vertical
#undef do_tangent
#undef do_line
}
int main(void)
{
int i;
element_t g, h;
element_t w0, w1;
element_t a, b;
mpz_t prime, cofac;
mpz_init(prime);
mpz_init(order);
mpz_init(cofac);
mpz_set_ui(prime, 59);
field_init_fp(Fq, prime);
element_init(a, Fq);
element_init(b, Fq);
field_init_fi(Fq2, Fq);
element_set1(a);
element_set0(b);
mpz_set_ui(order, 5);
mpz_set_ui(cofac, 12);
field_init_curve_ab(E, a, b, order, cofac);
element_clear(a);
element_clear(b);
element_init(a, Fq2);
element_init(b, Fq2);
element_set1(a);
element_set0(b);
mpz_mul(cofac, cofac, cofac);
field_init_curve_ab(E2, a, b, order, NULL);
element_init(g, E2);
element_init(h, E2);
element_init(w0, Fq2);
element_init(w1, Fq2);
/*
do {
element_random(g);
} while (element_is1(g));
for (i=1; i<5; i++) {
element_mul(h, h, g);
element_printf("%d: %B\n", i, h);
element_printf("tangent = ");
do_tangent(h);
}
*/
element_set_str(g, "[[25,0],[30,0]", 0);
element_set_str(h, "[[34,0],[0,30]", 0);
weil(w0, g, h);
element_printf("weil: %B\n", w0);
element_set1(w1);
for (i=1; i<6; i++) {
element_mul(w1, w1, w0);
element_printf("%d: %B\n", i, w1);
}
fasterweil(w0, g, h);
element_printf("fasterweil: %B\n", w0);
element_set1(w1);
for (i=1; i<6; i++) {
element_mul(w1, w1, w0);
element_printf("%d: %B\n", i, w1);
}
fasterweil2(w0, g, h);
element_printf("fasterweil2: %B\n", w0);
tate(w0, g, h);
element_printf("tate: %B\n", w0);
element_set1(w1);
for (i=1; i<6; i++) {
element_mul(w1, w1, w0);
element_printf("%d: %B\n", i, w1);
}
shipseystange(w0, g, h);
element_printf("ss-tate: %B\n", w0);
element_set1(w1);
for (i=1; i<6; i++) {
element_mul(w1, w1, w0);
element_printf("%d: %B\n", i, w1);
}
return 0;
}
int
claim_new_epoch(char *glb[2],char *epoch[2],char *facc,char *outf,setup_params_t *setup)
{
int rv = 0, i = 0;
epoch_item_t *ep = NULL;
id_list_t *act = NULL, *rvk = NULL;
rv = newepoch_init(&ep,setup);
if(rv < 0) {
pbgp_error("claim_new_epoch :: Cannot complete initialization process\n");
goto out1;
}
rv = ids_init(&ep->epls.act,&ep->epls.rvk);
rv -= ids_init(&act,&rvk);
if (rv < 0) {
pbgp_error("claim_new_epoch :: Cannot initialize ids lists\n");
goto out2;
}
if (!file_exists(epoch[0]) || !file_exists(epoch[1])) {
rv = -1;
pbgp_error("Cannot find epoch files (%s,%s)\n",epoch[0],epoch[1]);
goto out2;
}
rv = ids_load(epoch[0],ep->epls.act);
rv -= ids_load(epoch[1],ep->epls.rvk);
rv -= ids_load(glb[0],act);
rv -= ids_load(glb[1],rvk);
if(rv < 0) {
pbgp_error("claim_new_epoch :: Cannot load ids\n");
goto out3;
}
if(ep->epls.act->size == 0 && ep->epls.rvk->size == 0) {
rv = -1;
pbgp_error("claim_new_epoch :: There are no entities to join or revoke\n");
goto out3;
}
//if first epoch
if(!file_exists(facc)) {
acc_create(ep->acc);
ep->epoch = 0;
} else {
rv = acc_load(facc,ep->acc);
if(rv < 0) {
pbgp_error("claim_new_epoch :: Cannot create accumulator\n");
goto out4;
}
}
ep->epoch = ep->acc->nep;
//element_printf("ACC: %B\n",ep->acc);
newepoch_gen(outf,ep,setup);
//save accumulator
//element_printf("ACC: %B\n",ep->acc);
if(element_is0(ep->acc->elem)) {
printf("ACC is 0\n");
element_set1(ep->acc->elem);
}
acc_save(facc,ep->epoch,ep->acc);
//update global joined entities
for(i = 0; i < ep->epls.act->size; i++) {
ids_add(act,&ep->epls.act->head[i]);
}
//update global revoked entities
for(i = 0; i < ep->epls.rvk->size; i++) {
ids_remove(act,&ep->epls.rvk->head[i]);
ids_add(rvk,&ep->epls.rvk->head[i]);
}
ids_save(glb[0],act);
ids_save(glb[1],rvk);
//delete old epoch files (or write empty list)
remove(epoch[0]);
remove(epoch[1]);
out4:
acc_clear(ep->acc);
out3:
ids_clear(ep->epls.act,ep->epls.rvk);
ids_clear(act,rvk);
out2:
newepoch_clear(ep);
out1:
return rv;
}
