uint16_t motor_encoder_read(){
uint8_t msb;
uint8_t lsb;
//enable output
motor_encoder_output_enable(1);
//read MSB to data
motor_encoder_select_byte(0);
_delay_us(20);
msb = reverse_bits(motor_encoder_byte_read());
//read LSB to data
motor_encoder_select_byte(1);
_delay_us(20);
lsb = reverse_bits(motor_encoder_byte_read());
//disable output
motor_encoder_output_enable(0);
uint16_t data = (msb << 8) + lsb;
return data;
}
int main(void)
{
print_bits(130);
ft_putchar('\n');
reverse_bits(130);
return (0);
}
int
main(void)
{
printf("%u\n", reverse_bits(25));
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
// check for the right number of arguments
if (argc != 4) {
printf("Error: Usage: ./cp1-problem2 [int1] [int2] [int3]\n");
return 0;
}
// interpret the variables
int int1 = atoi(argv[1]);
int int2 = atoi(argv[2]);
int int3 = atoi(argv[3]);
// calculate the result for the first problem
int result1 = most_ones(int1, int2, int3);
printf("Success: The argument with the most 1s is: %d\n", result1);
// calculate the result for the second problem
int result2 = xor_all(int1, int2, int3);
printf("Success: The XOR of all three ints is: %d\n", result2);
// calculate the result for the third problem
int result3 = reverse_bits(int1);
printf("Success: The reversal of the bits of %d is: %d\n", int1, result3);
return 0;
}
bool Fft_transformRadix2(double real[], double imag[], size_t n) {
// Length variables
bool status = false;
int levels = 0; // Compute levels = floor(log2(n))
for (size_t temp = n; temp > 1U; temp >>= 1)
levels++;
if ((size_t)1U << levels != n)
return false; // n is not a power of 2
// Trignometric tables
if (SIZE_MAX / sizeof(double) < n / 2)
return false;
size_t size = (n / 2) * sizeof(double);
double *cos_table = malloc(size);
double *sin_table = malloc(size);
if (cos_table == NULL || sin_table == NULL)
goto cleanup;
for (size_t i = 0; i < n / 2; i++) {
cos_table[i] = cos(2 * M_PI * i / n);
sin_table[i] = sin(2 * M_PI * i / n);
}
// Bit-reversed addressing permutation
for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
size_t j = reverse_bits(i, levels);
if (j > i) {
double temp = real[i];
real[i] = real[j];
real[j] = temp;
temp = imag[i];
imag[i] = imag[j];
imag[j] = temp;
}
}
// Cooley-Tukey decimation-in-time radix-2 FFT
for (size_t size = 2; size <= n; size *= 2) {
size_t halfsize = size / 2;
size_t tablestep = n / size;
for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i += size) {
for (size_t j = i, k = 0; j < i + halfsize; j++, k += tablestep) {
size_t l = j + halfsize;
double tpre = real[l] * cos_table[k] + imag[l] * sin_table[k];
double tpim = -real[l] * sin_table[k] + imag[l] * cos_table[k];
real[l] = real[j] - tpre;
imag[l] = imag[j] - tpim;
real[j] += tpre;
imag[j] += tpim;
}
}
if (size == n) // Prevent overflow in 'size *= 2'
break;
}
status = true;
cleanup:
free(cos_table);
free(sin_table);
return status;
}
int main(void) {
unsigned int result = reverse_bits(25);
printf("%ld\n", result);
return 0;
}
static int addb(const char *token, struct body *bp)
{
struct search_text **pp = &text_tree;
struct search_text *p = *pp;
int r;
#ifndef BY_TOKEN_STRING
int token_length = strlen(token);
unsigned int token_crc32 = crc32_lower((const unsigned char *)token, token_length);
#endif
static struct search_text *next_token = NULL;
if (!text_tree) {
next_token = (struct search_text *)malloc(max_tokens * sizeof(struct search_text));
if (!next_token) {
snprintf(errmsg, sizeof(errmsg), "Couldn't allocate %d bytes of memory.", max_tokens * sizeof(struct search_text));
progerr(errmsg);
}
memset(next_token, 0, max_tokens * sizeof(struct search_text));
}
++b_times_entered;
while (1) {
++b_loops_done;
p = *pp;
if (!p) {
*pp = p = next_token++;
if (next_token >= text_tree + max_tokens) {
snprintf(errmsg, sizeof(errmsg), "Too many distinct tokens(%d)", max_tokens);
progerr(errmsg);
}
p->left = p->right = NULL;
#ifdef BY_TOKEN_STRING
strncpy(p->token, token, MAXSEARCHTOKEN);
p->token[MAXSEARCHTOKEN - 1] = 0;
#else
p->token_length = token_length;
p->token_crc32 = token_crc32;
#endif /* !BY_TOKEN_STRING */
p->itok = reverse_bits(next_itoken++);
#ifdef COUNT_TOKEN_FREQ
p->count = 1;
#endif
if (!next_itoken >= max_tokens) {
snprintf(errmsg, sizeof(errmsg), "Internal error - too many distinct tokens.");
progerr(errmsg);
}
return p->itok;
}
r = COMPARE_TOKEN(token, p);
if (!r) {
#ifdef COUNT_TOKEN_FREQ
++p->count;
#endif
return p->itok;
}
if (r < 0)
pp = &p->left;
else
pp = &p->right;
}
}
// Horizontally flips the indicated GBitmap in-place. Requires
// that the width be a multiple of 8 pixels.
void flip_bitmap_x(GBitmap *image) {
int height = image->bounds.size.h;
int width = image->bounds.size.w; // multiple of 8, by our convention.
int width_bytes = width / 8;
int stride = image->row_size_bytes; // multiple of 4, by Pebble.
uint8_t *data = image->addr;
for (int y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
uint8_t *row = data + y * stride;
for (int x1 = (width_bytes - 1) / 2; x1 >= 0; --x1) {
int x2 = width_bytes - 1 - x1;
uint8_t b = reverse_bits(row[x1]);
row[x1] = reverse_bits(row[x2]);
row[x2] = b;
}
}
}
void ssh_gf2n_128_init_ui(SshUInt32 *e, unsigned char w)
{
w = reverse_bits(w);
e[0] = (w & 0xff) << 24;
e[1] = 0;
e[2] = 0;
e[3] = 0;
}
void big_integer::make_binary_convenient()
{
number.push_back(0);
if (sign == NEGATIVE)
{
reverse_bits();
++(*this);
}
}
// Public library function. Returns NULL if successful, a string starting with "I/O error: "
// if an I/O error occurred (please see perror()), or a string if some other error occurred.
const char *modify_file_crc32(const char *path, uint64_t offset, uint32_t newcrc, bool printstatus) {
FILE *f = fopen(path, "r+b");
if (f == NULL)
return "I/O error: fopen";
// Read entire file and calculate original CRC-32 value.
// Note: We can't use fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END) + ftell(f) to determine the length of the file, due to undefined behavior.
// To be portable, we also avoid using POSIX fseeko()+ftello() or Windows GetFileSizeEx()/_filelength().
uint64_t length;
uint32_t crc = get_crc32_and_length(f, &length);
if (offset > UINT64_MAX - 4 || offset + 4 > length) {
fclose(f);
return "Error: Byte offset plus 4 exceeds file length";
}
if (printstatus)
fprintf(stdout, "Original CRC-32: %08" PRIX32 "\n", reverse_bits(crc));
// Compute the change to make
uint32_t delta = crc ^ newcrc;
delta = (uint32_t)multiply_mod(reciprocal_mod(pow_mod(2, (length - offset) * 8)), delta);
// Patch 4 bytes in the file
fseek64(f, offset);
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
int b = fgetc(f);
if (b == EOF) {
fclose(f);
return "I/O error: fgetc";
}
b ^= (int)((reverse_bits(delta) >> (i * 8)) & 0xFF);
if (fseek(f, -1, SEEK_CUR) != 0) {
fclose(f);
return "I/O error: fseek";
}
if (fputc(b, f) == EOF) {
fclose(f);
return "I/O error: fputc";
}
if (fflush(f) == EOF) {
fclose(f);
return "I/O error: fflush";
}
}
if (printstatus)
fprintf(stdout, "Computed and wrote patch\n");
// Recheck entire file
bool match = get_crc32_and_length(f, &length) == newcrc;
fclose(f);
if (match) {
if (printstatus)
fprintf(stdout, "New CRC-32 successfully verified\n");
return NULL; // Success
} else
return "Assertion error: Failed to update CRC-32 to desired value";
}
// Horizontally flips the indicated BmpContainer in-place. Requires
// that the width be a multiple of 8 pixels.
void flip_bitmap_x(BmpContainer *image, int *cx) {
int height = image->bmp.bounds.size.h;
int width = image->bmp.bounds.size.w; // multiple of 8, by our convention.
int width_bytes = width / 8;
int stride = image->bmp.row_size_bytes; // multiple of 4, by Pebble.
uint8_t *data = image->bmp.addr;
for (int y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
uint8_t *row = data + y * stride;
for (int x1 = (width_bytes - 1) / 2; x1 >= 0; --x1) {
int x2 = width_bytes - 1 - x1;
uint8_t b = reverse_bits(row[x1]);
row[x1] = reverse_bits(row[x2]);
row[x2] = b;
}
}
if (cx != NULL) {
*cx = width- 1 - *cx;
}
}
void convert_representation(gf_t dest, const gf_t source, transform rev)
{
if(rev & REVERSE_BITS)
{
reverse_bits(dest, source);
if(rev & REVERSE_BYTES)
bswap128_block(dest, dest);
}
else if(rev & REVERSE_BYTES)
bswap128_block(dest, source);
else if(dest != source)
memcpy(dest, source, GF_BYTE_LEN);
}
// Writes an number of bytes to SPI
void spi_uart_tx(char c) {
volatile uint32_t* paddr = bcm2835_spi0 + BCM2835_SPI0_CS/4;
volatile uint32_t* fifo = bcm2835_spi0 + BCM2835_SPI0_FIFO/4;
bcm2835_gpio_fsel(RPI_GPIO_P1_19, BCM2835_GPIO_FSEL_ALT0);
//BUG: The start bit is always 1.5 periods long, probably unfixable
// This is Polled transfer as per section 10.6.1
// BUG ALERT: what happens if we get interupted in this section, and someone else
// accesses a different peripheral?
// Clear TX and RX fifos
bcm2835_peri_set_bits(paddr, BCM2835_SPI0_CS_CLEAR, BCM2835_SPI0_CS_CLEAR);
// Set TA = 1
bcm2835_peri_set_bits(paddr, BCM2835_SPI0_CS_TA, BCM2835_SPI0_CS_TA);
// Maybe wait for TXD
while (!(bcm2835_peri_read(paddr) & BCM2835_SPI0_CS_TXD))
;
// Write to FIFO, no barrier
bcm2835_peri_write_nb(fifo, reverse_bits(c));
// Read from FIFO to prevent stalling
while (bcm2835_peri_read(paddr) & BCM2835_SPI0_CS_RXD)
(void) bcm2835_peri_read_nb(fifo);
// bcm2835_gpio_fsel(RPI_GPIO_P1_19, BCM2835_GPIO_FSEL_ALT0);
// Wait for DONE to be set
while (!(bcm2835_peri_read_nb(paddr) & BCM2835_SPI0_CS_DONE)) {
// while (bcm2835_peri_read(paddr) & BCM2835_SPI0_CS_RXD)
// (void) bcm2835_peri_read_nb(fifo);
}
// bcm2835_delayMicroseconds(10);
// Set TA = 0, and also set the barrier
bcm2835_peri_set_bits(paddr, 0, BCM2835_SPI0_CS_TA);
//TODO: THe program might be interrupted in here, corrupting the character.
bcm2835_gpio_fsel(RPI_GPIO_P1_19, BCM2835_GPIO_FSEL_OUTP); // MOSI
bcm2835_gpio_set(RPI_GPIO_P1_19); //idle high
bcm2835_gpio_set_pud(RPI_GPIO_P1_19,BCM2835_GPIO_PUD_UP);
bcm2835_delayMicroseconds(40);
}
// Returns a pointer to an opaque structure of FFT tables. n must be a power of 2 and n >= 4.
void *fft_init(size_t n) {
// Check size argument
if (n < 4 || n > UINT64_MAX || (n & (n - 1)) != 0)
return NULL; // Error: Size is too small or is not a power of 2
if (n - 4 > SIZE_MAX / sizeof(double) / 2 || n > SIZE_MAX / sizeof(size_t))
return NULL; // Error: Size is too large, which makes memory allocation impossible
// Allocate structure
struct FftTables *tables = malloc(sizeof(struct FftTables));
if (tables == NULL)
return NULL;
tables->n = n;
// Allocate arrays
tables->bit_reversed = malloc(n * sizeof(size_t));
tables->trig_tables = malloc((n - 4) * 2 * sizeof(double));
if (tables->bit_reversed == NULL || tables->trig_tables == NULL) {
free(tables->bit_reversed);
free(tables->trig_tables);
free(tables);
return NULL;
}
// Precompute bit reversal table
int levels = floor_log2(n);
uint64_t i;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
tables->bit_reversed[i] = reverse_bits(i, levels);
// Precompute the packed trigonometric table for each FFT internal level
uint64_t size;
uint64_t k = 0;
for (size = 8; size <= n; size *= 2) {
for (i = 0; i < size / 2; i += 4) {
uint64_t j;
for (j = 0; j < 4; j++, k++)
tables->trig_tables[k] = accurate_sine(i + j + size / 4, size); // Cosine
for (j = 0; j < 4; j++, k++)
tables->trig_tables[k] = accurate_sine(i + j, size); // Sine
}
if (size == n)
break;
}
return tables;
}
/*
* new_code builds a huffman_code from a leaf in
* a Huffman tree.
*/
static huffman_code*
new_code(const huffman_node* leaf)
{
/* Build the huffman code by walking up to
* the root node and then reversing the bits,
* since the Huffman code is calculated by
* walking down the tree. */
unsigned long numbits = 0;
unsigned char* bits = NULL;
huffman_code *p;
while(leaf && leaf->parent)
{
huffman_node *parent = leaf->parent;
unsigned char cur_bit = (unsigned char)(numbits % 8);
unsigned long cur_byte = numbits / 8;
/* If we need another byte to hold the code,
then allocate it. */
if(cur_bit == 0)
{
size_t newSize = cur_byte + 1;
bits = (unsigned char*)realloc(bits, newSize);
bits[newSize - 1] = 0; /* Initialize the new byte. */
}
/* If a one must be added then or it in. If a zero
* must be added then do nothing, since the byte
* was initialized to zero. */
if(leaf == parent->one)
bits[cur_byte] |= 1 << cur_bit;
++numbits;
leaf = parent;
}
if(bits)
reverse_bits(bits, numbits);
p = (huffman_code*)malloc(sizeof(huffman_code));
p->numbits = numbits;
p->bits = bits;
return p;
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// new_code builds a HuffmanCode from a leaf in a Huffman tree.
HuffmanCode::HuffmanCode(const HuffmanNode* leaf)
: m_nbBits(0)
, m_bits(0)
, m_leaf(leaf)
{
// Build the huffman code by walking up to the root node and then
// reversing the bits, since the Huffman code is calculated by
// walking down the tree.
unsigned long numbits = 0;
unsigned char* bits = nullptr;
while(leaf && leaf->parent())
{
HuffmanNode* parent = leaf->parent();
unsigned char cur_bit = (unsigned char)(numbits % 8);
unsigned long cur_byte = numbits / 8;
// If we need another byte to hold the code, then allocate it
if(cur_bit == 0)
{
size_t newSize = cur_byte + 1;
bits = (Byte*)realloc(bits, newSize);
bits[newSize-1] = 0; // Initialize the new byte.
}
//If a one must be added then or it in. If a zeromust be added then do nothing,
// since the byte was initialized to zero.
if(leaf == parent->one())
{
bits[cur_byte] |= 1 << cur_bit;
}
++numbits;
leaf = parent;
}
if(bits)
{
reverse_bits(bits, numbits);
}
delete m_bits;
m_nbBits = numbits;
m_bits = bits;
}
void
ssh_gf2n_128_table_byte_init(void *workspace, SshUInt32 *H,
SshUInt32 moduli, unsigned int table_index)
{
SshUInt32 *m = workspace;
unsigned int i, j, index;
SSH_ASSERT(table_index < 16);
/* m[i] = x_i . H . P^8i */
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
{
index = reverse_bits((unsigned char)i);
ssh_gf2n_128_init_ui(m + 4 * index, (unsigned char)i);
ssh_gf2n_128_mul(m + 4 * index, H, moduli);
for (j = 0; j < 8 * table_index; j++)
ssh_gf2n_128_mul_base(m + 4 * index, moduli);
}
}
static void fft()
{
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
{
int j = reverse_bits(i, numBits);
real[j] = samples[i];
imag[j] = 0.0f;
}
int x = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < numBits; i++) // Cooley-Tukey
{
int m = 1 << i;
int n = m << 1;
for (int k = 0; k < m; k++)
{
float c = cosTable[x];
float s = sinTable[x];
x++;
float tr, ti;
for (int j = k; j < length; j += n)
{
tr = c * real[j + m] - s * imag[j + m];
ti = s * real[j + m] + c * imag[j + m];
real[j + m] = real[j] - tr;
imag[j + m] = imag[j] - ti;
real[j] += tr;
imag[j] += ti;
}
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) // power spectrum
{
samples[i] = real[i]*real[i] + imag[i]*imag[i];
}
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
// Handle arguments
if (argc != 4) {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s FileName ByteOffset NewCrc32Value\n", argv[0]);
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
// Parse and check file offset argument
uint64_t offset;
if (sscanf(argv[2], "%" SCNu64, &offset) != 1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: Invalid byte offset\n");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
char temp[21] = {0};
sprintf(temp, "%" PRIu64, offset);
if (strcmp(temp, argv[2]) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: Invalid byte offset\n");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
// Parse and check new CRC argument
uint32_t newcrc;
if (strlen(argv[3]) != 8 || argv[3][0] == '+' || argv[3][0] == '-'
|| sscanf(argv[3], "%" SCNx32, &newcrc) != 1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: Invalid new CRC-32 value\n");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
newcrc = reverse_bits(newcrc);
// Process the file
const char *errmsg = modify_file_crc32(argv[1], offset, newcrc, true);
if (errmsg == NULL)
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
else if (0 < strcmp(errmsg, "I/O error: ") && strcmp(errmsg, "I/O error:!") < 0) // Prefix test
perror(errmsg);
else
fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", errmsg);
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
bool is_binary_palindrome( unsigned int n ) { return n == reverse_bits(n) ; }
int _select_beam(unsigned int base,struct ControlPRM *client){
/* This code selects the beam code to use.
*/
int code, beamnm, temp, oldB, oldC,hi,lo;
double freq_mhz,angle;
unsigned int portA,portB,portC,cntl;
if (verbose > 1) {
printf("DIO: Select beam\n",client->tfreq);
printf(" Base Beamnm: %d\n",client->tbeam);
printf(" Selected Freq [kHz]: %d\n",client->tfreq);
printf(" Selected Radar: %d\n",client->radar);
printf(" Selected Beam angle: %f\n",client->tbeamazm);
printf(" Selected Beam width: %f\n",client->tbeamwidth);
}
/* the beam number is 4 bits. This number
uses (lo) bits 5-6 of CH0, PortB , and (hi) bits 6-7 of CH0, PortC
to output the beam number. Note: The beam number is used in addressing
the old style phasing matrix.
*/
beamnm=client->tbeam;
if ( (beamnm>MAX_BEAM) || (beamnm<0) ){
fprintf(stderr,"INVALID BEAMNM - must be between 0 and %d\n",MAX_BEAM);
beamnm=0;
lo=0;
hi=0;
} else {
lo=beamnm & 0x3;
hi=beamnm & 0xC;
hi=hi >> 2;
}
freq_mhz=client->tfreq*1E3;
/* the beam code is 13 bits, pAD0 thru pAD12. This code
uses bits 0-7 of CH0, PortA, and bits 0-4 of CH0, PortB
to output the beam code. Note: The beam code is an address
of the EEPROMs in the phasing cards. This code is broadcast
to ALL phasing cards. If you are witing the EEPROM, then this
be the beam code you are writing
*/
/* Lookup beamcode using phasing card lookup table */
/*
* MSI phasing cards programmed with
* frequency optimal attenuatin values
* in different bands.
*/
code=lookup_beamcode_by_freq(client->radar-1,freq_mhz,beamnm);
if (verbose > 1)
printf(" Selected Beamcode: %d\n",code);
if (verbose > 1) printf("Reversing Code: %d\n",code);
// bit reverse the code
code=reverse_bits(code);
// check if beam code is reasonable
if ( (code>8192) | (code<0) ){
fprintf(stderr,"INVALID BEAM CODE - must be between 0 and 8192\n");
return -1;
}
if (client->radar==1) {
if (verbose > 1) printf("Selecting Radar 1 client block");
portA=PA_GRP_0;
portB=PB_GRP_0;
portC=PC_GRP_0;
}
if (client->radar==2) {
if (DEVICE_ID==0x0c78) {
if (verbose > 1) printf("Selecting Radar 2 port block");
portA=PA_GRP_2;
portB=PB_GRP_2;
portC=PC_GRP_2;
} else {
if (verbose > 1) printf("Radar 2 port block not available..using Radar 1 ports instead");
portA=PA_GRP_0;
portB=PB_GRP_0;
portC=PC_GRP_0;
}
}
#ifdef __QNX__
// set CH0, Port A to lowest 8 bits of beam code and output on PortA
temp=code & 0xff;
out8(base+portA,temp);
// set CH0, Port B to upper 5 bits of beam code and output on PortB
temp=code & 0x1f00;
temp=temp >> 8;
out8(base+portB,temp);
// verify that proper beam code was sent out
temp=in8(base+portB);
temp=(temp & 0x1f) << 8;
temp=temp+in8(base+portA);
if (temp==code) return 0;
else{
fprintf(stderr,"BEAM CODE OUTPUT ERROR - requested code not sent\n");
return -1;
}
/*
// set CH0, Port A to lowest 8 bits of beam code and output on PortA
temp=code & 0xff;
out8(base+portA,temp);
// save the upper bit (TM status) of Port B
oldB=in8(base+portB);
oldB=oldB & 0x80;
// set CH0, lowest 5 bits on Port B to upper 5 bits of beam code
temp=code & 0x1f00;
temp=temp >> 8;
// set CH0, bits 5-6 on Port B to lo bits of beamnum
lo=lo << 5;
// write code segment and saved bits back to Port B
temp=oldB+temp+lo;
out8(base+portB,temp);
if (verbose > 1) printf("Port B code %d\n",temp);
// save the lowest 6 bits of Port C
oldC=in8(base+portC);
oldC=oldC & 0x3F;
// set CH0, bits 6-7 on Port C to hi bits of beamnum
hi=hi << 6;
// write code segment and saved bits back to Port B
temp=oldC+hi;
out8(base+portC,temp);
if (verbose > 1 ) printf("Port C code %d\n",temp);
// verify that proper beam code was sent out
lo=in8(base+portB);
lo=(lo & 0x60) >> 5;
hi=in8(base+portC);
hi=(hi & 0xC0) >> 4;
temp=hi+lo;
if (temp==beamnm) return 0;
else{
fprintf(stderr,"BEAMNM OUTPUT ERROR - requested beamnm not sent \n");
fprintf(stderr,"%d %d %d %d\n",hi,lo,temp,beamnm);
return -1;
}
// verify that proper code was sent out
temp=in8(base+portB);
temp=(temp & 0x1f) << 8;
temp=temp+in8(base+portA);
if (temp==code) return 0;
else{
fprintf(stderr,"BEAM CODE OUTPUT ERROR - requested code not sent \n");
return -1;
}
*/
#endif
return code;
}
int transform_radix2(float real[], float imag[], size_t n) {
// Variables
int status = 0;
unsigned int levels;
//float *cos_table, *sin_table;
size_t size;
size_t i;
// Compute levels = floor(log2(n))
{
size_t temp = n;
levels = 0;
while (temp > 1) {
levels++;
temp >>= 1;
}
if (1u << levels != n)
return 0; // n is not a power of 2
}
// Trignometric tables
if (N_MAX / sizeof(float) < n / 2)
return 0;
/*size = (n / 2) * sizeof(float);
cos_table = malloc(size);
sin_table = malloc(size);
if (cos_table == NULL || sin_table == NULL)
goto cleanup;
for (i = 0; i < n / 2; i++) {
cos_table[i] = cos(2 * M_PI * i / n);
sin_table[i] = sin(2 * M_PI * i / n);
}*/
// Bit-reversed addressing permutation
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
size_t j = reverse_bits(i, levels);
if (j > i) {
float temp = real[i];
real[i] = real[j];
real[j] = temp;
temp = imag[i];
imag[i] = imag[j];
imag[j] = temp;
}
}
// Cooley-Tukey decimation-in-time radix-2 FFT
for (size = 2; size <= n; size *= 2) {
size_t halfsize = size / 2;
size_t tablestep = n / size;
for (i = 0; i < n; i += size) {
size_t j;
size_t k;
for (j = i, k = 0; j < i + halfsize; j++, k += tablestep) {
float tpre = sum_acc(mul_acc(real[j+halfsize], cos_mod_two(k,n)), mul_acc(imag[j+halfsize], sin_mod_two(k,n)));
float tpim = sum_acc(mul_acc(-real[j+halfsize], sin_mod_two(k,n)), mul_acc(imag[j+halfsize], cos_mod_two(k,n)));
real[j + halfsize] = sub_acc(real[j], tpre);
imag[j + halfsize] = sub_acc(imag[j], tpim);
real[j] = sum_acc(real[j],tpre);
imag[j] = sum_acc(imag[j],tpim);
}
}
if (size == n) // Prevent overflow in 'size *= 2'
break;
}
status = 1;
cleanup:
//free(cos_table);
//free(sin_table);
return status;
}
void FFT_cpp(FFT_DATA_TYPE *a,FFT_DATA_TYPE *b,int m,int n_pts,int iff)
{
int n,id;
unsigned i,j;
unsigned k;
unsigned BlockEnd=1;
unsigned BlockSize;
double tr,ti;
double angle_numerator;
double delta_angle;
double sm2,sm1,cm2,cm1,w;
double ar[3], ai[3];
FFT_DATA_TYPE* c=(FFT_DATA_TYPE*)malloc(m*sizeof(FFT_DATA_TYPE));
FFT_DATA_TYPE* d=(FFT_DATA_TYPE*)malloc(m*sizeof(FFT_DATA_TYPE));
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
c[i]=0;
d[i]=0;
}
//for(i=0;i<10;i++)
//{
//printf("a-->%f\n",a[i]);
//printf("b-->%f\n",b[i]);
//} no problem
//printf("a:%f\n",a[3072]);
for (i=0; i <n_pts; i++ )
{
j=reverse_bits(i, 12);
//printf("%d\n",j);
c[j]=a[i];
d[j]=b[i];
}
//for(i=0;i<10;i++)
//{
//printf("c-->%f\n",c[i]);
//printf("d-->%f\n",d[i]);
//}
for( id=n_pts;id<m;id++)
{
j = reverse_bits (id, 12);
c[j] =(double)0;
d[j]=(double)0;
}
//for(i=2000;i<2100;i++)
//{
//printf("c-->%f\n",c[i]);
//printf("d-->%f\n",d[i]);
//}
for(BlockSize=2;BlockSize<=m;BlockSize<<=1)
{
angle_numerator = 2.0 * M_PI;
delta_angle = angle_numerator / (double)BlockSize;
sm2 = sin ( 2.0 * delta_angle );
sm1 = sin ( delta_angle );
cm2 = cos ( 2.0 * delta_angle );
cm1 = cos ( delta_angle );
w = 2.0 * cm1;
//for(i=0;i<3;i++)
//{
//ar[i]=(double)0;
//ai[i]=(double)0;
//}
for(i=0;i<m;i+=BlockSize)
{
ar[2] = cm2;
ar[1] = cm1;
ai[2] = sm2;
ai[1] = sm1;
for(j=i,n=0;n<BlockEnd;j++,n++)
{
ar[0] = w*ar[1] - ar[2];
ar[2] = ar[1];
ar[1] = ar[0];
ai[0] = w*ai[1] - ai[2];
ai[2] = ai[1];
ai[1] = ai[0];
k=0;
tr=0;
ti=0;
k = j + BlockEnd;
tr = ar[0]*c[k] - ai[0]*d[k];
ti = ar[0]*d[k] + ai[0]*c[k];
//printf("ck:%f\n",c[k]);
c[k] =c[j] - tr;
//printf("--->ck:%f\n",c[k]);
d[k]=d[j]-ti;
c[j]+=tr;
d[j]+=ti;
}
}
BlockEnd=BlockSize;
}
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
a[i]=0;
b[i]=0;
}
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
a[i]=c[i];
b[i]=d[i];
}
free(c);
free(d);
}
int transform_radix2(double real[], double imag[], size_t n) {
// Variables
int status = 0;
unsigned int levels;
double *cos_table, *sin_table;
size_t size;
size_t i;
// Compute levels = floor(log2(n))
{
size_t temp = n;
levels = 0;
while (temp > 1) {
levels++;
temp >>= 1;
}
if (1u << levels != n)
return 0; // n is not a power of 2
}
// Trignometric tables
if (SIZE_MAX / sizeof(double) < n / 2)
return 0;
size = (n / 2) * sizeof(double);
cos_table = malloc(size);
sin_table = malloc(size);
if (cos_table == NULL || sin_table == NULL)
goto cleanup;
for (i = 0; i < n / 2; i++) {
cos_table[i] = cos(2 * M_PI * i / n);
sin_table[i] = sin(2 * M_PI * i / n);
}
// Bit-reversed addressing permutation
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
size_t j = reverse_bits(i, levels);
if (j > i) {
double temp = real[i];
real[i] = real[j];
real[j] = temp;
temp = imag[i];
imag[i] = imag[j];
imag[j] = temp;
}
}
// Cooley-Tukey decimation-in-time radix-2 FFT
for (size = 2; size <= n; size *= 2) {
size_t halfsize = size / 2;
size_t tablestep = n / size;
for (i = 0; i < n; i += size) {
size_t j;
size_t k;
for (j = i, k = 0; j < i + halfsize; j++, k += tablestep) {
double tpre = real[j+halfsize] * cos_table[k] + imag[j+halfsize] * sin_table[k];
double tpim = -real[j+halfsize] * sin_table[k] + imag[j+halfsize] * cos_table[k];
real[j + halfsize] = real[j] - tpre;
imag[j + halfsize] = imag[j] - tpim;
real[j] += tpre;
imag[j] += tpim;
}
}
if (size == n) // Prevent overflow in 'size *= 2'
break;
}
status = 1;
cleanup:
free(cos_table);
free(sin_table);
return status;
}
int transform_radix2(float real[], float imag[], size_t n, int procNumber) {
// Variables
int status = 0;
unsigned int levels;
//float *cos_table, *sin_table;
size_t size;
size_t i;
// Compute levels = floor(log2(n))
{
size_t temp = n;
levels = 0;
while (temp > 1) {
levels++;
temp >>= 1;
}
if (1u << levels != n)
return 0; // n is not a power of 2
}
// Trignometric tables
if (SIZE_MAX / sizeof(float) < n / 2)
return 0;
/*size = (n / 2) * sizeof(float);
cos_table = malloc(size);
sin_table = malloc(size);
if (cos_table == NULL || sin_table == NULL)
goto cleanup;
for (i = 0; i < n / 2; i++) {
cos_table[i] = cos(2 * M_PI * i / n);
sin_table[i] = sin(2 * M_PI * i / n);
}*/
// Bit-reversed addressing permutation
int start, end;
getVectorParcel(&start,&end, n, procNumber);
for (i = start; i < end; i++) {
size_t j = reverse_bits(i, levels);
if (j > i) {
float temp = real[i];
real[i] = real[j];
real[j] = temp;
temp = imag[i];
imag[i] = imag[j];
imag[j] = temp;
}
}
incrementSemaphore(&firstSemaphore);
acquireSemaphore(&firstSemaphore);
// Cooley-Tukey decimation-in-time radix-2 FFT
for (size = 2; size <= n; size *= 2) {
size_t halfsize = size / 2;
size_t tablestep = n / size;
for (i = 0; i < n; i += size) {
size_t j;
size_t k;
for (j = i, k = 0; j < i + halfsize; j++, k += tablestep) {
float tpre = real[j+halfsize] * cos_mod_two(k,n) + imag[j+halfsize] * sin_mod_two(k,n);
float tpim = -real[j+halfsize] * sin_mod_two(k,n) + imag[j+halfsize] * cos_mod_two(k,n);
real[j + halfsize] = real[j] - tpre;
imag[j + halfsize] = imag[j] - tpim;
real[j] += tpre;
imag[j] += tpim;
}
}
if (size == n) // Prevent overflow in 'size *= 2'
break;
}
status = 1;
cleanup:
//free(cos_table);
//free(sin_table);
return status;
}
main() {
unsigned int value = 25;
unsigned int result = 0;
result = reverse_bits(value);
printf("reverse %u is %u\n", value, result);
}
int get_next_jedec_section(int *section, uint32_t *address, uint8_t **data, int *data_len)
{
int c;
int buffer_free;
uint8_t *buffer;
int buffer_ptr;
int i;
// Defaults
*address = 0;
*data = 0;
*data_len = 0;
while (!feof(f))
{
int c = getc(f);
if (!is_ws(c))
{
ungetc(c, f);
break;
}
}
if (feof(f))
{
fprintf(stderr, "Truncated file\n");
return 0;
}
c = getc(f);
if (c == '\x03')
{
// End of file
*section = SECTION_END;
return 1;
}
else if (c == '*')
{
// empty section
*section = SECTION_NONE;
return 1;
}
// Assume valid JEDEC code. Read data (skip white space)
buffer_free = 80;
buffer = (uint8_t*)malloc(buffer_free + 1);
if (buffer == 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
return 0;
}
buffer_ptr = 0;
while (!feof(f))
{
int c = getc(f);
if (c == '*')
break;
if (buffer_free == 0)
{
buffer_free = 2048;
buffer = (uint8_t*)realloc(buffer, buffer_ptr + buffer_free + 1);
if (buffer == 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
return 0;
}
}
buffer[buffer_ptr++] = c;
--buffer_free;
}
buffer[buffer_ptr] = 0;
if (feof(f))
{
fprintf(stderr, "Unexpected end of file\n");
return 0;
}
switch (c)
{
case 'N':
*section = SECTION_NOTE;
*data = buffer;
*data_len = buffer_ptr;
return 1;
case 'Q':
if (buffer[0] == 'F')
{
*section = SECTION_NUM_FUSES;
*data = buffer + 1;
*data_len = buffer_ptr - 1;
}
else if (buffer[0] = 'P')
{
*section = SECTION_NUM_PINS;
*data = buffer + 1;
*data_len = buffer_ptr - 1;
}
else
{
fprintf(stderr, "Unknow field 'Q%c'\n", buffer[0]);
return 0;
}
return 1;
case 'F':
*section = SECTION_DEFAULT_FUSE_VAL;
*data = buffer;
*data_len = 1;
return 1;
case 'G':
*section = SECTION_SECURITY_FUSE;
*data = buffer;
*data_len = 1;
return 1;
case 'L':
*section = SECTION_FUSE_MAP;
*address = (uint32_t)strtol((char *)buffer, 0, 10);
*address /= 8; // Byte address, not bit address
for (i = 0; buffer[i] != '\n' && buffer[i] != 0; i++)
;
if (buffer[i] == 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Unexpected end of file\n");
return 0;
}
*data = buffer + i + 1;
*data_len = bitstring_to_bytes(*data);
return 1;
case 'C':
*section = SECTION_CHECK_SUM;
*data = buffer;
*data_len = 4;
return 1;
case 'U':
*section = SECTION_USERCODE;
if (buffer[0] == 'A')
{
*address = buffer[4] + 0x100 * buffer[3] + 0x10000 * buffer[2] + 0x1000000 * buffer[1];
}
else if (buffer[0] == 'H')
{
*address = (uint32_t)strtoul((char *)(buffer + 1), 0, 16);
}
else
{
bitstring_to_bytes(buffer);
*address = buffer[3] + 0x100 * buffer[2] + 0x10000 * buffer[1] + 0x1000000 * buffer[0];
}
return 1;
case 'E':
*section = SECTION_ARCH;
*data = buffer;
*data_len = bitstring_to_bytes(buffer);
/* Incredibly enough, Lattice has managed to reverse the bits for features... */
if (*data_len == 10)
{
reverse_bits(*data, 8);
reverse_bits(*data + 8, 2);
}
else
{
fprintf(stderr, "Unexpected data length '%d' for feature row/bits. Expected 10 bytes.\n", *data_len);
return 0;
}
return 1;
default:
fprintf(stderr, "Unknown field '%c'\n", c);
break;
}
return 0;
}
struct signal* fft(struct signal* p_signal)
{
struct signal* p_input_signal = \
(struct signal*) malloc(sizeof(struct complex_number)*(p_signal->size) + sizeof(p_signal->size));
struct signal* p_out_put_signal = \
(struct signal*)malloc(sizeof(struct complex_number)*(p_signal->size) + sizeof(p_signal->size));
*p_input_signal = *p_signal;
*p_out_put_signal = *p_signal;
int tmp = 0;
int index = 0;
int bits = 0;
int layyer= 0;
int selected_point = 0;
int pre_half = 0;
int r = 0;
double x = 0;
struct complex_number W_rN ;
struct complex_number complex_tmp ;
/*
** We caculate how many bits should be used to
** represent the size of the number of input signal.
*/
for(tmp = p_signal->size-1;tmp > 0;tmp>>=1)
{
bits++;
}
/*
** We should re-sequence the input signal
** by bit-reverse.
*/
for(tmp = 0;tmp < p_signal->size;tmp++)
{
index = reverse_bits(tmp,bits);
p_input_signal->points[tmp] = p_signal->points[index];
#ifdef DEBUG
printf(" tmp:%5d index:%5d ",tmp,index);
show_complex_number(&p_signal->points[index]);
#endif
}
for(layyer = 1;layyer <= bits;layyer++)
{
#ifdef DEBUG
printf("layyer %d input\n",layyer);
show_signal(p_input_signal);
#endif
for(selected_point = 0;selected_point < p_signal->size;selected_point += 1<<(layyer))
{
for(pre_half = selected_point,r = 0,x = 0;
pre_half < (selected_point + (1<<(layyer-1)));
pre_half++)
{
r = get_r_in_Wn(pre_half,layyer,bits);
#ifdef DEBUG
printf("r: %d\n",r);
#endif
x = -2*PI*r/((double)(p_input_signal->size));
W_rN.real = cos(x);
W_rN.imagine = sin(x);
complex_tmp = complex_mul(&W_rN , &(p_input_signal->points[pre_half + (1<<(layyer-1))]) );
#ifdef DEBUG
show_complex_number(&complex_tmp);
#endif
p_out_put_signal->points[pre_half] = \
complex_add(&p_input_signal->points[pre_half],&complex_tmp);
p_out_put_signal->points[pre_half + (1<<(layyer-1))] = \
complex_sub(&p_input_signal->points[pre_half],&complex_tmp);
}
}
#ifdef DEBUG
printf("layyer%d output\n",layyer);
show_signal(p_out_put_signal);
#endif
for(tmp = 0;tmp < p_out_put_signal->size;tmp++)
{
p_input_signal->points[tmp] = p_out_put_signal->points[tmp];
}
}
free(p_input_signal);
return p_out_put_signal;
}
SI_INTERRUPT (SMBUS0_ISR, SMBUS0_IRQn)
{
data uint8_t bus = SMB0CN0 & SMB_STATE_MASK;
data uint8_t c;
if (SMB0CN0_ARBLOST != 0)
{
goto fail;
}
switch (bus)
{
case SMB_STATUS_START:
SMB0DAT = SMB_addr | (SMB_FLAGS & SMB_READ);
SMB0CN0_STA = 0;
break;
case SMB_STATUS_MTX:
if (!SMB0CN0_ACK)
{
// NACK
// end transaction
SMB0CN0_STO = 1;
SMB_FLAGS |= SMB_RECV_NACK;
SMB_BUSY_CLEAR();
}
else if (!SMB_WRITING())
{
// do nothing and switch to receive mode
}
else if (SMB_write_offset < SMB_write_len)
{
// start writing first buffer
// dont crc first byte for atecc508a
c = SMB_write_buf[SMB_write_offset++];
if (SMB_write_offset > 1) _feed_crc(c);
SMB0DAT = c;
}
else if(SMB_WRITING_EXT() && SMB_write_ext_offset < SMB_write_ext_len)
{
// start writing second optional buffer
c = SMB_write_ext_buf[SMB_write_ext_offset++];
_feed_crc(c);
SMB0DAT = c;
}
else
{
// write optional CRC
switch(SMB_crc_offset++)
{
case 0:
SMB_crc = reverse_bits(SMB_crc);
SMB0DAT = (uint8_t)SMB_crc;
break;
case 1:
SMB0DAT = (uint8_t)(SMB_crc>>8);
break;
case 2:
SMB0CN0_STO = 1;
SMB_BUSY_CLEAR();
}
}
break;
case SMB_STATUS_MRX:
// read in buffer
if (SMB_read_offset < SMB_read_len)
{
c = SMB0DAT;
SMB_read_buf[SMB_read_offset] = c;
// update with length from packet
// warning this is device specific to atecc508a
if (SMB_read_offset == 0)
{
update_from_packet_length();
}
if ((SMB_read_offset < (SMB_read_len - 2)))
{
SMB_crc = feed_crc(SMB_crc, c);
}
SMB_read_offset++;
SMB0CN0_ACK = 1;
}
else
{
// end transaction
SMB_crc = reverse_bits(SMB_crc);
SMB_BUSY_CLEAR();
SMB0CN0_ACK = 0;
SMB0CN0_STO = 1;
}
break;
default:
goto fail;
break;
}
// interrupt flag
SMB0CN0_SI = 0;
return;
fail:
u2f_printb("smbus fail ",1,bus);
//restart_bus();
SMB0CN0_SI = 0;
}
