int main(int argc, char * argv[]) {
TStopwatch watch;
gRandom = new TRandom3(0); // set random seed
gROOT->ProcessLine(".L loader.c+"); // Initialize struct objects (see dictionaries)
// Gas setup
TString gasmixt[6] = { "C5H12", "CF4", "", "60", "40", "" };
TString output = gasmixt[0] + "-" + gasmixt[1] + "-" + gasmixt[2] + "-" + gasmixt[3] + "-" + gasmixt[4] + "-" + gasmixt[5];
std::string workingdir = "includes/";
workingdir.append("GEM5"); // Name of the working directory which contains the GEM files
workingdir.append("/");
std::string particleType = "mu";
Double_t particleEnergy = 100.e9;
bool debug = true;
Int_t it = 100;
// Load GEM dimensions
GEMconfig g;
loadGEMconfig(workingdir, g);
// Load the field map
ComponentAnsys123* fm = new ComponentAnsys123();
std::string efile = workingdir + "ELIST.lis";
std::string nfile = workingdir + "NLIST.lis";
std::string mfile = workingdir + "MPLIST.lis";
std::string sfile = workingdir + "PRNSOL.lis";
std::string wfile = workingdir + "WSOL.lis";
std::string dfile = workingdir + "WSOLD.lis";
if(!fm->Initialise(efile, nfile, mfile, sfile, "mm")) {
std::cout << "Error while loading the ANSYS field map files." << std::endl;
}
fm->EnableMirrorPeriodicityX();
fm->EnableMirrorPeriodicityY();
if(debug) {
fm->PrintRange();
}
fm->SetWeightingField(wfile, "readout");
fm->SetWeightingField(dfile, "ions");
// Gas setup
MediumMagboltz* gas = new MediumMagboltz();
gas->SetComposition((std::string)gasmixt[0], atof(gasmixt[3]), (std::string)gasmixt[1], atof(gasmixt[4]), (std::string)gasmixt[2], atof(gasmixt[5]));
gas->SetTemperature(293.15);
gas->SetPressure(760.0);
//gas->SetMaxElectronEnergy(200.);
gas->EnableDebugging();
gas->Initialise();
gas->DisableDebugging();
//const double rPenning = 0.57;
//const double lambdaPenning = 0.;
//gas->EnablePenningTransfer(rPenning, lambdaPenning, "ar");
gas->LoadIonMobility(GARFIELD + "Data/IonMobility_Ar+_Ar.txt");
//gas->LoadIonMobility(GARFIELD + "Data/IonMobility_CO2+_CO2");
//Associate the gas with the corresponding field map material.
const int nMaterials = fm->GetNumberOfMaterials();
for(int i=0; i<nMaterials; ++i) {
const double eps = fm->GetPermittivity(i);
if(fabs(eps - 1.) < 1.e-3) fm->SetMedium(i, gas);
}
if(debug) {
fm->PrintMaterials();
}
// Sensor setup
Sensor* sensor = new Sensor();
sensor->AddComponent(fm);
sensor->SetArea(-5.*(g.pitch), -5.*(g.pitch), 0.0, 5.*(g.pitch), 5.*(g.pitch), g.totalT);
// Setup HEED
TrackHeed* heed = new TrackHeed();
heed->SetSensor(sensor);
//heed->DisableDeltaElectronTransport();
heed->SetParticle(particleType);
heed->SetMomentum(particleEnergy);
if(debug) {
heed->EnableDebugging();
}
// Setup electron transport
AvalancheMicroscopic* aval = new AvalancheMicroscopic();
aval->SetSensor(sensor);
//aval->EnableAvalancheSizeLimit(1000);
sensor->AddElectrode(fm, "readout");
sensor->AddElectrode(fm, "ions");
const double tMin = 0.;
const double tMax = 75.;
const double tStep = 0.2;
const int nTimeBins = int((tMax - tMin)/tStep);
sensor->SetTimeWindow(0., tStep, nTimeBins);
aval->EnableSignalCalculation();
ViewSignal* signalView = new ViewSignal();
signalView->SetSensor(sensor);
TH1D* h; // tmp storage of timing histogram
// Setup ion transport
AvalancheMC* iondrift = new AvalancheMC();
iondrift->SetSensor(sensor);
iondrift->EnableSignalCalculation();
iondrift->SetDistanceSteps(2e-4);
// Calculate avalanche
int ne, ni, np, status, nc;
double ec, extra;
double x0, y0, z0, t0, e0, x1, y1, z1, t1, e1, x2, y2, z2, t2, e2, x3, y3, z3, t3, e3;
double vx0, vy0, vz0, vx1, vy1, vz1;
TRandom3 r;
r.SetSeed(0);
TString savefile = workingdir + "output/" + output + ".root";
TFile f(savefile, "recreate");
TDirectory *dir = f.mkdir("signals");
dir->cd();
// Prepare tree for charged particle and clusters
particle p;
TTree *pTree = new TTree("pTree", "Charged particle");
pTree->Branch("x0", &p.x0);
pTree->Branch("y0", &p.y0);
pTree->Branch("z0", &p.z0);
pTree->Branch("vx0", &p.vx0);
pTree->Branch("vy0", &p.vy0);
pTree->Branch("vz0", &p.vz0);
pTree->Branch("t0", &p.t0);
pTree->Branch("e0", &p.e0);
pTree->Branch("type", "TString", &p.type);
pTree->Branch("noClusters", &p.noClusters);
pTree->Branch("stoppingpower", &p.stoppingPower);
pTree->Branch("lambda", &p.lambda);
pTree->Branch("clusters", "std::vector<cluster>", &p.clusters);
// Prepare tree for electrons
avalancheE aE;
TTree *ETree = new TTree("eTree", "Avalanche electrons");
ETree->Branch("x0", &aE.x0);
ETree->Branch("y0", &aE.y0);
ETree->Branch("z0", &aE.z0);
ETree->Branch("vx0", &aE.vx0);
ETree->Branch("vy0", &aE.vy0);
ETree->Branch("vz0", &aE.vz0);
ETree->Branch("t0", &aE.t0);
ETree->Branch("e0", &aE.e0);
ETree->Branch("ne", &aE.ne);
ETree->Branch("x1", &aE.x1);
ETree->Branch("y1", &aE.y1);
ETree->Branch("z1", &aE.z1);
ETree->Branch("t1", &aE.t1);
ETree->Branch("e1", &aE.e1);
ETree->Branch("x2", &aE.x2);
ETree->Branch("y2", &aE.y2);
ETree->Branch("z2", &aE.z2);
ETree->Branch("t2", &aE.t2);
ETree->Branch("e2", &aE.e2);
ETree->Branch("status", &aE.status);
// Prepare tree for ions
avalancheI aI;
TTree *ITree = new TTree("iTree", "Avalanche ions");
ITree->Branch("x0", &aI.x0);
ITree->Branch("y0", &aI.y0);
ITree->Branch("z0", &aI.z0);
ITree->Branch("t0", &aI.t0);
ITree->Branch("ni", &aI.ni);
ITree->Branch("x1", &aI.x1);
ITree->Branch("y1", &aI.y1);
ITree->Branch("z1", &aI.z1);
ITree->Branch("t1", &aI.t1);
ITree->Branch("x2", &aI.x2);
ITree->Branch("y2", &aI.y2);
ITree->Branch("z2", &aI.z2);
ITree->Branch("t2", &aI.t2);
ITree->Branch("status", &aI.status);
// Start iteration
std::cout << "---------------------------------------------------------------" << std::endl;
for(int i=0; i<it; i++) {
if(debug) {
std::cout << "Progress: " << 100.*(i+1)/it << "%" << std::endl;
}
system("mail -s 'timeResolution10' [email protected] <<< 'Progress: " + int2str(i) + "' ");
// Set random velocity direction, in positive hemisphere
const double ctheta = 1. - r.Uniform();
const double stheta = sqrt(1. - ctheta*ctheta);
const double phi = TwoPi*r.Uniform();
vx0 = cos(phi)*stheta;
vy0 = sin(phi)*stheta;
vz0 = ctheta;
// Set initial time
t0 = 0.0;
// Generate random (x,y) position in unit cell
x0 = r.Uniform()*g.pitch/2;
y0 = r.Uniform()*g.pitch*TMath::Sqrt(3)/2;
z0 = 0.;
// Set muon perpendicular in midpoint of GEM
x0 = 0.;
y0 = 0.;
vx0 = 0.;
vy0 = 0.;
vz0 = 1.;
heed->NewTrack(x0, y0, z0, t0, vx0, vy0, vz0); // generate particle track
// Storage of TRACK coordinates and primary ionization properties
p.x0 = x0;
p.y0 = y0;
p.z0 = z0;
p.vx0 = vx0;
p.vy0 = vy0;
p.vz0 = vz0;
p.t0 = t0;
p.e0 = particleEnergy;
p.type = particleType;
p.noClusters = 0;
p.lambda = 1/heed->GetClusterDensity();
p.stoppingPower = heed->GetStoppingPower();
// Loop over clusters
int l=0;
while(heed->GetCluster(x0, y0, z0, t0, nc, ec, extra)) {
// Skip the clusters which are not in the drift region
if(z0 > g.driftT) {
continue;
}
if(debug) {
std::cout << " cluster " << l << " (# electrons = " << nc << ", ec = " << ec <<" )" << std::endl;
}
cluster c;
// Storage of cluster information
p.noClusters++;
c.x0 = x0;
c.y0 = y0;
c.z0 = z0;
c.t0 = t0;
c.nc = nc; // amount of primary electrons
c.ec = ec; // energy transferred to gas
// Loop over electrons in cluster
for(int j=0; j<nc; j++) {
heed->GetElectron(j, x1, y1, z1, t1, e1, vx1, vy1, vz1);
c.x1.push_back(x1);
c.y1.push_back(y1);
c.z1.push_back(z1);
c.t1.push_back(t1);
c.e1.push_back(e1);
c.vx1.push_back(vx1);
c.vy1.push_back(vy1);
c.vz1.push_back(vz1);
// Calculate the drift of electrons and ions
aval->AvalancheElectron(x1, y1, z1, t1, e1, vx1, vy1, vz1);
aval->GetAvalancheSize(ne, ni);
np = aval->GetNumberOfElectronEndpoints();
if(debug) {
std::cout << " avalanche electrons = " << np << std::endl;
}
aE.ne = ne;
aE.x0 = x1;
aE.y0 = y1;
aE.z0 = z1;
aE.vx0 = vx1;
aE.vy0 = vy1;
aE.vz0 = vz1;
aE.t0 = t1;
aE.e0 = e1;
aI.ni = ni;
aI.x0 = x1;
aI.y0 = y1;
aI.z0 = z1;
aI.t0 = t1;
// Loop over all electrons in avalanche
for(int k=0; k<np; k++) {
aval->GetElectronEndpoint(k, x2, y2, z2, t2, e2, x3, y3, z3, t3, e3, status);
aE.x1.push_back(x2);
aE.y1.push_back(y2);
aE.z1.push_back(z2);
aE.t1.push_back(t2);
aE.e1.push_back(e2);
aE.x2.push_back(x3);
aE.y2.push_back(y3);
aE.z2.push_back(z3);
aE.t2.push_back(t3);
aE.e2.push_back(e3);
aE.status.push_back(status);
iondrift->DriftIon(x2, y2, z2, t2);
iondrift->GetIonEndpoint(0, x2, y2, z2, t2, x3, y3, z3, t3, status);
aI.x1.push_back(x2);
aI.y1.push_back(y2);
aI.z1.push_back(z2);
aI.t1.push_back(t2);
aI.x2.push_back(x3);
aI.y2.push_back(y3);
aI.z2.push_back(z3);
aI.t2.push_back(t3);
aI.status.push_back(status);
}
ETree->Fill();
ITree->Fill();
// Reset vectors
aE.x1.clear();
aE.y1.clear();
aE.z1.clear();
aE.t1.clear();
aE.e1.clear();
aE.x2.clear();
aE.y2.clear();
aE.z2.clear();
aE.t2.clear();
aE.e2.clear();
aE.status.clear();
aI.x1.clear();
aI.y1.clear();
aI.z1.clear();
aI.t1.clear();
aI.e1.clear();
aI.x2.clear();
aI.y2.clear();
aI.z2.clear();
aI.t2.clear();
aI.e2.clear();
aI.status.clear();
}
p.clusters.push_back(c);
l++;
}
pTree->Fill();
p.clusters.clear();
signalView->PlotSignal("readout");
h = signalView->GetHistogram();
h->Write("signal");
sensor->SetTransferFunction(transferf);
sensor->ConvoluteSignal();
signalView->PlotSignal("readout");
h = signalView->GetHistogram();
h->Write("signalT");
sensor->ClearSignal();
}
f.cd(); // go to top directory
ETree->Write();
ITree->Write();
pTree->Write();
f.Close();
std::cout << "--------------- TIMING ---------------" << std::endl;
std::cout << watch.CpuTime() << std::endl;
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char * argv[]) {
TApplication app("app", &argc, argv);
plottingEngine.SetDefaultStyle();
const bool debug = true;
// Load the field map.
ComponentAnsys123* fm = new ComponentAnsys123();
const std::string efile = "ELIST.lis";
const std::string nfile = "NLIST.lis";
const std::string mfile = "MPLIST.lis";
const std::string sfile = "PRNSOL.lis";
fm->Initialise(efile, nfile, mfile, sfile, "mm");
fm->EnableMirrorPeriodicityX();
fm->EnableMirrorPeriodicityY();
fm->PrintRange();
// Dimensions of the GEM
const double pitch = 0.014;
const double kapton = 50.e-4;
const double metal = 5.e-4;
const double outdia = 70.e-4;
const double middia = 50.e-4;
const bool plotField = false;
if (plotField) {
ViewField* fieldView = new ViewField();
fieldView->SetComponent(fm);
fieldView->SetPlane(0., -1., 0., 0., 0., 0.);
fieldView->SetArea(-pitch / 2., -0.02, pitch / 2., 0.02);
fieldView->SetVoltageRange(-160., 160.);
TCanvas* cF = new TCanvas();
fieldView->SetCanvas(cF);
fieldView->PlotContour();
}
// Setup the gas.
MediumMagboltz* gas = new MediumMagboltz();
gas->SetComposition("ar", 70., "co2", 30.);
gas->SetTemperature(293.15);
gas->SetPressure(760.);
gas->EnableDebugging();
gas->Initialise();
gas->DisableDebugging();
// Set the Penning transfer efficiency.
const double rPenning = 0.57;
const double lambdaPenning = 0.;
gas->EnablePenningTransfer(rPenning, lambdaPenning, "ar");
// Load the ion mobilities.
gas->LoadIonMobility("IonMobility_Ar+_Ar.txt");
// Associate the gas with the corresponding field map material.
const int nMaterials = fm->GetNumberOfMaterials();
for (int i = 0; i < nMaterials; ++i) {
const double eps = fm->GetPermittivity(i);
if (fabs(eps - 1.) < 1.e-3) fm->SetMedium(i, gas);
}
fm->PrintMaterials();
// Create the sensor.
Sensor* sensor = new Sensor();
sensor->AddComponent(fm);
sensor->SetArea(-5 * pitch, -5 * pitch, -0.03,
5 * pitch, 5 * pitch, 0.03);
AvalancheMicroscopic* aval = new AvalancheMicroscopic();
aval->SetSensor(sensor);
AvalancheMC* drift = new AvalancheMC();
drift->SetSensor(sensor);
drift->SetDistanceSteps(2.e-4);
const bool plotDrift = true;
ViewDrift* driftView = new ViewDrift();
if (plotDrift) {
driftView->SetArea(-2 * pitch, -2 * pitch, -0.02,
2 * pitch, 2 * pitch, 0.02);
// Plot every 10 collisions (in microscopic tracking).
aval->SetCollisionSteps(10);
aval->EnablePlotting(driftView);
drift->EnablePlotting(driftView);
}
// Histograms
int nBinsGain = 100;
double gmin = 0.;
double gmax = 100.;
TH1F* hElectrons = new TH1F("hElectrons", "Number of electrons",
nBinsGain, gmin, gmax);
TH1F* hIons = new TH1F("hIons", "Number of ions",
nBinsGain, gmin, gmax);
int nBinsChrg = 100;
TH1F* hChrgE = new TH1F("hChrgE", "Electrons on plastic",
nBinsChrg, -0.5e4 * kapton, 0.5e4 * kapton);
TH1F* hChrgI = new TH1F("hChrgI", "Ions on plastic",
nBinsChrg, -0.5e4 * kapton, 0.5e4 * kapton);
double sumIonsTotal = 0.;
double sumIonsDrift = 0.;
double sumIonsPlastic = 0.;
double sumElectronsTotal = 0.;
double sumElectronsPlastic = 0.;
double sumElectronsUpperMetal = 0.;
double sumElectronsLowerMetal = 0.;
double sumElectronsTransfer = 0.;
double sumElectronsOther = 0.;
const int nEvents = 10;
for (int i = nEvents; i--;) {
if (debug || i % 10 == 0) std::cout << i << "/" << nEvents << "\n";
// Randomize the initial position.
const double smear = pitch / 2.;
double x0 = -smear + RndmUniform() * smear;
double y0 = -smear + RndmUniform() * smear;
double z0 = 0.025;
double t0 = 0.;
double e0 = 0.1;
aval->AvalancheElectron(x0, y0, z0, t0, e0, 0., 0., 0.);
int ne = 0, ni = 0;
aval->GetAvalancheSize(ne, ni);
hElectrons->Fill(ne);
hIons->Fill(ni);
const int np = aval->GetNumberOfElectronEndpoints();
double xe1, ye1, ze1, te1, e1;
double xe2, ye2, ze2, te2, e2;
double xi1, yi1, zi1, ti1;
double xi2, yi2, zi2, ti2;
int status;
for (int j = np; j--;) {
aval->GetElectronEndpoint(j, xe1, ye1, ze1, te1, e1,
xe2, ye2, ze2, te2, e2, status);
sumElectronsTotal += 1.;
if (ze2 > -kapton / 2. && ze2 < kapton / 2.) {
hChrgE->Fill(ze2 * 1.e4);
sumElectronsPlastic += 1.;
} else if (ze2 >= kapton / 2. && ze2 <= kapton / 2. + metal) {
sumElectronsUpperMetal += 1.;
} else if (ze2 <= -kapton / 2. && ze2 >= -kapton / 2. - metal) {
sumElectronsLowerMetal += 1.;
} else if (ze2 < -kapton / 2. - metal) {
sumElectronsTransfer += 1.;
} else {
sumElectronsOther += 1.;
}
drift->DriftIon(xe1, ye1, ze1, te1);
drift->GetIonEndpoint(0, xi1, yi1, zi1, ti1,
xi2, yi2, zi2, ti2, status);
if (zi1 < 0.01) {
sumIonsTotal += 1.;
if (zi2 > 0.01) sumIonsDrift += 1.;
}
if (zi2 > -kapton / 2. && zi2 < kapton / 2.) {
hChrgI->Fill(zi2 * 1.e4);
sumIonsPlastic += 1.;
}
}
}
double fFeedback = 0.;
if (sumIonsTotal > 0.) fFeedback = sumIonsDrift / sumIonsTotal;
std::cout << "Fraction of ions drifting back: " << fFeedback << "\n";
const double neMean = hElectrons->GetMean();
std::cout << "Mean number of electrons: " << neMean << "\n";
const double niMean = hIons->GetMean();
std::cout << "Mean number of ions: " << niMean << "\n";
std::cout << "Mean number of electrons on plastic: "
<< sumElectronsPlastic / nEvents << "\n";
std::cout << "Mean number of ions on plastic: "
<< sumIonsPlastic / nEvents << "\n";
std::cout << "Electron endpoints:\n";
const double fUpperMetal = sumElectronsUpperMetal / sumElectronsTotal;
const double fPlastic = sumElectronsPlastic / sumElectronsTotal;
const double fLowerMetal = sumElectronsLowerMetal / sumElectronsTotal;
const double fTransfer = sumElectronsTransfer / sumElectronsTotal;
const double fOther = sumElectronsOther / sumElectronsTotal;
std::cout << " upper metal: " << fUpperMetal * 100. << "%\n";
std::cout << " plastic: " << fPlastic * 100. << "%\n";
std::cout << " lower metal: " << fLowerMetal * 100. << "%\n";
std::cout << " transfer: " << fTransfer * 100. << "%\n";
std::cout << " other: " << fOther * 100. << "%\n";
TCanvas* cD = new TCanvas();
const bool plotGeo = true;
if (plotGeo && plotDrift) {
// Build the geometry in Root.
TGeoManager* geoman = new TGeoManager("world", "geometry");
TGeoMaterial* matVacuum = new TGeoMaterial("Vacuum", 0, 0, 0);
TGeoMedium* medVacuum = new TGeoMedium("Vacuum", 1, matVacuum);
TGeoMaterial* matKapton = new TGeoMaterial("Kapton", 12, 6, 1.42);
TGeoMedium* medKapton = new TGeoMedium("Kapton", 2, matKapton);
TGeoMaterial* matCopper = new TGeoMaterial("Copper", 63, 29, 8.94);
TGeoMedium* medCopper = new TGeoMedium("Copper", 3, matCopper);
TGeoVolume* volTop = geoman->MakeBox("TOP",
medVacuum, pitch, pitch, 0.02);
volTop->SetVisibility(0);
TGeoBBox* shpKapton = new TGeoBBox("K", pitch / 2.,
pitch / 2.,
kapton / 2.);
TGeoPcon* shpHole = new TGeoPcon("H", 0., 360., 3);
shpHole->DefineSection(0, -kapton / 2., 0., outdia / 2.);
shpHole->DefineSection(1, 0., 0., middia / 2.);
shpHole->DefineSection(2, kapton / 2., 0., outdia / 2.);
TGeoCompositeShape* shpGem = new TGeoCompositeShape("G", "K - H");
TGeoVolume* volKapton = new TGeoVolume("Kapton", shpGem, medKapton);
volKapton->SetLineColor(kGreen);
volKapton->SetTransparency(50);
TGeoBBox* shpMetal = new TGeoBBox("M", pitch / 2.,
pitch / 2.,
metal / 2.);
TGeoTube* shpTube = new TGeoTube("T", 0., outdia / 2., metal / 2.);
TGeoCompositeShape* shpElectrode = new TGeoCompositeShape("E", "M - T");
TGeoVolume* volElectrode = new TGeoVolume("Electrode",
shpElectrode, medCopper);
volElectrode->SetLineColor(kBlue);
volElectrode->SetTransparency(50);
TGeoVolumeAssembly* volGem = new TGeoVolumeAssembly("Gem");
const double shift = 0.5 * (metal + kapton);
volGem->AddNode(volKapton, 1);
volGem->AddNode(volElectrode, 2, new TGeoTranslation(0., 0., shift));
volGem->AddNode(volElectrode, 3, new TGeoTranslation(0., 0., -shift));
volTop->AddNode(volGem, 1);
volTop->AddNode(volGem, 2, new TGeoTranslation(-pitch, 0., 0.));
volTop->AddNode(volGem, 3, new TGeoTranslation(+pitch, 0., 0.));
volTop->AddNode(volGem, 4,
new TGeoTranslation(-pitch / 2., sqrt(3) * pitch / 2., 0.));
volTop->AddNode(volGem, 5,
new TGeoTranslation(+pitch / 2., sqrt(3) * pitch / 2., 0.));
volTop->AddNode(volGem, 6,
new TGeoTranslation(-pitch / 2., -sqrt(3) * pitch / 2., 0.));
volTop->AddNode(volGem, 7,
new TGeoTranslation(+pitch / 2., -sqrt(3) * pitch / 2., 0.));
geoman->SetVerboseLevel(0);
geoman->SetTopVolume(volTop);
geoman->CloseGeometry();
geoman->CheckOverlaps(0.1e-4);
geoman->SetNmeshPoints(100000);
cD->cd();
geoman->GetTopVolume()->Draw("ogl");
}
if (plotDrift) {
driftView->SetCanvas(cD);
driftView->Plot();
}
const bool plotHistogram = true;
if (plotHistogram) {
TCanvas* cH = new TCanvas("cH", "Histograms", 800, 700);
cH->Divide(2, 2);
cH->cd(1);
hElectrons->Draw();
cH->cd(2);
hIons->Draw();
cH->cd(3);
hChrgE->Draw();
cH->cd(4);
hChrgI->Draw();
}
app.Run(kTRUE);
}