void MMA7455::begin() {
#else
void MMA7455::begin(uint8_t pin_sda, uint8_t pin_scl) {
#endif
int error;
uint8_t c;
#if defined __AVR__
Wire.begin();
#else
_pin_sda = pin_sda;
_pin_scl = pin_scl;
// Initialize the 'Wire' class for I2C-bus communication.
Wire.begin(_pin_sda,_pin_scl);
#endif
// Initialize the MMA7455, and set the offset.
error = MMA7455_init();
if (error == 0)
Serial.println("The MMA7455 is okay");
else
Serial.println("Check your wiring !");
// Read the Status Register
MMA7455_read(MMA7455_STATUS, &c, 1);
// Read the "Who am I" value
MMA7455_read(MMA7455_WHOAMI, &c, 1);
// Read the optional temperature output value (I always read zero)
MMA7455_read(MMA7455_TOUT, &c, 1);
}
// --------------------------------------------------------
// MMA7455_xyz
//
// Get the 'g' forces.
// The values are with integers as 64 per 'g'.
//
int MMA7455_xyz( uint16_t *pX, uint16_t *pY, uint16_t *pZ)
{
xyz_union xyz;
int error;
uint8_t c;
// Wait for status bit DRDY to indicate that
// all 3 axis are valid.
do
{
error = MMA7455_read (MMA7455_STATUS, &c, 1);
} while ( !bitRead(c, MMA7455_DRDY) && error == 0);
if (error != 0)
return (error);
// Read 6 bytes, containing the X,Y,Z information
// as 10-bit signed integers.
error = MMA7455_read (MMA7455_XOUTL, (uint8_t *) &xyz, 6);
if (error != 0)
return (error);
// The output is 10-bits and could be negative.
// To use the output as a 16-bit signed integer,
// the sign bit (bit 9) is extended for the 16 bits.
if (xyz.reg.x_msb & 0x02) // Bit 9 is sign bit.
xyz.reg.x_msb |= 0xFC; // Stretch bit 9 over other bits.
else
xyz.reg.x_msb &= 0x3;
if (xyz.reg.y_msb & 0x02)
xyz.reg.y_msb |= 0xFC;
else
xyz.reg.y_msb &= 0x3;
if (xyz.reg.z_msb & 0x02)
xyz.reg.z_msb |= 0xFC;
else
xyz.reg.z_msb &= 0x3;
// The result is the g-force in units of 64 per 'g'.
*pX = xyz.value.x;
*pY = xyz.value.y;
*pZ = xyz.value.z;
return (0); // return : no error
}
// --------------------------------------------------------
// MMA7455_init
//
// Initialize the MMA7455.
// Set also the offset, assuming that the accelerometer is
// in flat horizontal position.
//
// Important notes about the offset:
// The sensor has internal registers to set an offset.
// But the offset could also be calculated by software.
// This function uses the internal offset registers
// of the sensor.
// That turned out to be bad idea, since setting the
// offset alters the actual offset of the sensor.
// A second offset calculation had to be implemented
// to fine tune the offset.
// Using software variables for the offset would be
// much better.
//
// The offset is influenced by the slightest vibration
// (like a computer on the table).
//
int MMA7455_init(uint8_t mode, unsigned char do_calibration)
{
int x, y, z, error;
xyz_union xyz;
uint8_t c1, c2;
// Initialize the sensor
//
// Sensitivity:
// 2g : GLVL0
// 4g : GLVL1
// 8g : GLVL1 | GLVL0
// Mode:
// Standby : 0
// Measurement : MODE0
// Level Detection : MODE1
// Pulse Detection : MODE1 | MODE0
// There was no need to add functions to write and read
// a single byte. So only the two functions to write
// and read multiple bytes are used.
c1 = mode;
error = MMA7455_write(MMA7455_MCTL, &c1, 1);
if (error != 0)
return (error);
// Read it back, to test the sensor and communication.
error = MMA7455_read(MMA7455_MCTL, &c2, 1);
if (error != 0)
return (error);
if (c1 != c2)
return (-99);
// Nothing to do here if calibration skipped
if (!do_calibration)
return (0);
// Clear the offset registers.
// If the Arduino was reset or with a warm-boot,
// there still could be offset written in the sensor.
// Only with power-up the offset values of the sensor
// are zero.
xyz.value.x = xyz.value.y = xyz.value.z = 0;
error = MMA7455_write(MMA7455_XOFFL, (uint8_t *) &xyz, 6);
if (error != 0)
return (error);
// The mode has just been set, and the sensor is activated.
// To get a valid reading, wait some time.
_delay_ms(100);
// Calcuate the offset.
//
// The values are 16-bits signed integers, but the sensor
// uses offsets of 11-bits signed integers.
// However that is not a problem,
// as long as the value is within the range.
// Assuming that the sensor is flat horizontal,
// the 'z'-axis should be 1 'g'. And 1 'g' is
// a value of 64 (if the 2g most sensitive setting
// is used).
// Note that the actual written value should be doubled
// for this sensor.
error = MMA7455_xyz (&x, &y, &z); // get the x,y,z values
if (error != 0)
return (error);
xyz.value.x = 2 * -x; // The sensor wants double values.
xyz.value.y = 2 * -y;
xyz.value.z = 2 * -(z-64); // 64 is for 1 'g' for z-axis.
error = MMA7455_write(MMA7455_XOFFL, (uint8_t *) &xyz, 6);
if (error != 0)
return (error);
// The offset has been set, and everything should be okay.
// But by setting the offset, the offset of the sensor
// changes.
// A second offset calculation has to be done after
// a short delay, to compensate for that.
_delay_ms(200);
error = MMA7455_xyz (&x, &y, &z); // get te x,y,z values again
if (error != 0)
return (error);
xyz.value.x += 2 * -x; // add to previous value
xyz.value.y += 2 * -y;
xyz.value.z += 2 * -(z-64); // 64 is for 1 'g' for z-axis.
// Write the offset for a second time.
// This time the offset is fine tuned.
error = MMA7455_write(MMA7455_XOFFL, (uint8_t *) &xyz, 6);
if (error != 0)
return (error);
return (0); // return : no error
}
int MMA7455::read(int start, uint8_t *buffer, int size)
{
return MMA7455_read(start, buffer, size);
}