예제 #1
0
파일: Engine.cpp 프로젝트: zgub4/op3d
void op3d::Engine::initVulkan()
{
    instance.create();
    callback.setup(instance);
    surface.create(instance, window);
    physicalDevice.create(instance, surface);
    device.create(physicalDevice, surface, graphicsQueue, presentQueue);
    swapChain.create(device, surface, physicalDevice, window);
    swapChain.createImageViews(device, swapChainImageViews);
    createRenderPass();
    createDescriptorSetLayout();
    createGraphicsPipeline();
    commandBufferManager.createCommandPool(physicalDevice, surface);
    createDepthResources();
    createFramebuffers();
    createTextureImage();
    createTextureImageView();
    createTextureSampler();
    createVertexBuffer();
    createIndexBuffer();
    createUniformBuffer();
    descriptorPool.createPool();
    descriptorSet.createSet(uniformBuffer, textureImageView, textureSampler, descriptorSetLayout, descriptorPool, device);
    createCommandBuffers();
    createSemaphores();
}
 void initVulkan() {
     createInstance();
     setupDebugCallback();
     createSurface();
     pickPhysicalDevice();
     createLogicalDevice();
     createSwapChain();
     createImageViews();
     createRenderPass();
     createGraphicsPipeline();
 }
예제 #3
0
파일: Engine.cpp 프로젝트: zgub4/op3d
void op3d::Engine::recreateSwapChain()
{
    vkDeviceWaitIdle(device);

    swapChain.create(device, surface, physicalDevice, window);
    swapChain.createImageViews(device, swapChainImageViews);
    createRenderPass();
    createGraphicsPipeline();
    createDepthResources();
    createFramebuffers();
    createCommandBuffers();
}
void SparseShaderIntrinsicsInstanceSampledBase::recordCommands (const VkCommandBuffer		commandBuffer,
																const VkImageCreateInfo&	imageSparseInfo,
																const VkImage				imageSparse,
																const VkImage				imageTexels,
																const VkImage				imageResidency)
{
	const InstanceInterface&		 instance			= m_context.getInstanceInterface();
	const DeviceInterface&			 deviceInterface	= getDeviceInterface();
	const VkPhysicalDevice			 physicalDevice		= m_context.getPhysicalDevice();
	const VkPhysicalDeviceProperties deviceProperties	= getPhysicalDeviceProperties(instance, physicalDevice);

	if (imageSparseInfo.extent.width  > deviceProperties.limits.maxFramebufferWidth  ||
		imageSparseInfo.extent.height > deviceProperties.limits.maxFramebufferHeight ||
		imageSparseInfo.arrayLayers   > deviceProperties.limits.maxFramebufferLayers)
	{
		TCU_THROW(NotSupportedError, "Image size exceeds allowed framebuffer dimensions");
	}

	// Check if device supports image format for sampled images
	if (!checkImageFormatFeatureSupport(instance, physicalDevice, imageSparseInfo.format, VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT))
		TCU_THROW(NotSupportedError, "Device does not support image format for sampled images");

	// Check if device supports image format for color attachment
	if (!checkImageFormatFeatureSupport(instance, physicalDevice, imageSparseInfo.format, VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT))
		TCU_THROW(NotSupportedError, "Device does not support image format for color attachment");

	// Make sure device supports VK_FORMAT_R32_UINT format for color attachment
	if (!checkImageFormatFeatureSupport(instance, physicalDevice, mapTextureFormat(m_residencyFormat), VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT))
		TCU_THROW(TestError, "Device does not support VK_FORMAT_R32_UINT format for color attachment");

	// Create buffer storing vertex data
	std::vector<tcu::Vec2> vertexData;

	vertexData.push_back(tcu::Vec2(-1.0f,-1.0f));
	vertexData.push_back(tcu::Vec2( 0.0f, 0.0f));

	vertexData.push_back(tcu::Vec2(-1.0f, 1.0f));
	vertexData.push_back(tcu::Vec2( 0.0f, 1.0f));

	vertexData.push_back(tcu::Vec2( 1.0f,-1.0f));
	vertexData.push_back(tcu::Vec2( 1.0f, 0.0f));

	vertexData.push_back(tcu::Vec2( 1.0f, 1.0f));
	vertexData.push_back(tcu::Vec2( 1.0f, 1.0f));

	const VkDeviceSize			vertexDataSizeInBytes	= sizeInBytes(vertexData);
	const VkBufferCreateInfo	vertexBufferCreateInfo	= makeBufferCreateInfo(vertexDataSizeInBytes, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT);

	m_vertexBuffer		= createBuffer(deviceInterface, getDevice(), &vertexBufferCreateInfo);
	m_vertexBufferAlloc	= bindBuffer(deviceInterface, getDevice(), getAllocator(), *m_vertexBuffer, MemoryRequirement::HostVisible);

	deMemcpy(m_vertexBufferAlloc->getHostPtr(), &vertexData[0], static_cast<std::size_t>(vertexDataSizeInBytes));
	flushMappedMemoryRange(deviceInterface, getDevice(), m_vertexBufferAlloc->getMemory(), m_vertexBufferAlloc->getOffset(), vertexDataSizeInBytes);

	// Create render pass
	const VkAttachmentDescription texelsAttachmentDescription =
	{
		(VkAttachmentDescriptionFlags)0,					// VkAttachmentDescriptionFlags		flags;
		imageSparseInfo.format,								// VkFormat							format;
		VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,								// VkSampleCountFlagBits			samples;
		VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR,						// VkAttachmentLoadOp				loadOp;
		VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE,						// VkAttachmentStoreOp				storeOp;
		VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE,					// VkAttachmentLoadOp				stencilLoadOp;
		VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE,					// VkAttachmentStoreOp				stencilStoreOp;
		VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,			// VkImageLayout					initialLayout;
		VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL			// VkImageLayout					finalLayout;
	};

	const VkAttachmentDescription residencyAttachmentDescription =
	{
		(VkAttachmentDescriptionFlags)0,					// VkAttachmentDescriptionFlags		flags;
		mapTextureFormat(m_residencyFormat),				// VkFormat							format;
		VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,								// VkSampleCountFlagBits			samples;
		VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR,						// VkAttachmentLoadOp				loadOp;
		VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE,						// VkAttachmentStoreOp				storeOp;
		VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE,					// VkAttachmentLoadOp				stencilLoadOp;
		VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE,					// VkAttachmentStoreOp				stencilStoreOp;
		VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,			// VkImageLayout					initialLayout;
		VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL			// VkImageLayout					finalLayout;
	};

	const VkAttachmentDescription colorAttachmentsDescription[] = { texelsAttachmentDescription, residencyAttachmentDescription };

	const VkAttachmentReference texelsAttachmentReference =
	{
		0u,													// deUint32			attachment;
		VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL			// VkImageLayout	layout;
	};

	const VkAttachmentReference residencyAttachmentReference =
	{
		1u,													// deUint32			attachment;
		VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL			// VkImageLayout	layout;
	};

	const VkAttachmentReference colorAttachmentsReference[] = { texelsAttachmentReference, residencyAttachmentReference };

	const VkAttachmentReference depthAttachmentReference =
	{
		VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED,								// deUint32			attachment;
		VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED							// VkImageLayout	layout;
	};

	const VkSubpassDescription subpassDescription =
	{
		(VkSubpassDescriptionFlags)0,						// VkSubpassDescriptionFlags		flags;
		VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS,					// VkPipelineBindPoint				pipelineBindPoint;
		0u,													// deUint32							inputAttachmentCount;
		DE_NULL,											// const VkAttachmentReference*		pInputAttachments;
		2u,													// deUint32							colorAttachmentCount;
		colorAttachmentsReference,							// const VkAttachmentReference*		pColorAttachments;
		DE_NULL,											// const VkAttachmentReference*		pResolveAttachments;
		&depthAttachmentReference,							// const VkAttachmentReference*		pDepthStencilAttachment;
		0u,													// deUint32							preserveAttachmentCount;
		DE_NULL												// const deUint32*					pPreserveAttachments;
	};

	const VkRenderPassCreateInfo renderPassInfo =
	{
		VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO,			// VkStructureType					sType;
		DE_NULL,											// const void*						pNext;
		(VkRenderPassCreateFlags)0,							// VkRenderPassCreateFlags			flags;
		2u,													// deUint32							attachmentCount;
		colorAttachmentsDescription,						// const VkAttachmentDescription*	pAttachments;
		1u,													// deUint32							subpassCount;
		&subpassDescription,								// const VkSubpassDescription*		pSubpasses;
		0u,													// deUint32							dependencyCount;
		DE_NULL												// const VkSubpassDependency*		pDependencies;
	};

	m_renderPass = createRenderPass(deviceInterface, getDevice(), &renderPassInfo);

	// Create descriptor set layout
	DescriptorSetLayoutBuilder descriptorLayerBuilder;

	descriptorLayerBuilder.addSingleBinding(VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT);

	const Unique<VkDescriptorSetLayout> descriptorSetLayout(descriptorLayerBuilder.build(deviceInterface, getDevice()));

	// Create descriptor pool
	DescriptorPoolBuilder descriptorPoolBuilder;

	descriptorPoolBuilder.addType(VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER, imageSparseInfo.mipLevels);

	descriptorPool = descriptorPoolBuilder.build(deviceInterface, getDevice(), VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_FREE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BIT, imageSparseInfo.mipLevels);

	// Create sampler object
	const tcu::Sampler			samplerObject(tcu::Sampler::REPEAT_GL, tcu::Sampler::REPEAT_GL, tcu::Sampler::REPEAT_GL, tcu::Sampler::NEAREST_MIPMAP_NEAREST, tcu::Sampler::NEAREST);
	const VkSamplerCreateInfo	samplerCreateInfo = mapSampler(samplerObject, m_format);
	m_sampler = createSampler(deviceInterface, getDevice(), &samplerCreateInfo);

	struct PushConstants
	{
		deUint32	lod;
		deUint32	padding;			// padding needed to satisfy std430 rules
		float		lodWidth;
		float		lodHeight;
	};

	// Create pipeline layout
	const VkPushConstantRange lodConstantRange =
	{
		VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT,	// VkShaderStageFlags	stageFlags;
		0u,								// deUint32			offset;
		sizeof(PushConstants),			// deUint32			size;
	};

	const VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipelineLayoutParams =
	{
		VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,		// VkStructureType					sType;
		DE_NULL,											// const void*						pNext;
		0u,													// VkPipelineLayoutCreateFlags		flags;
		1u,													// deUint32							setLayoutCount;
		&descriptorSetLayout.get(),							// const VkDescriptorSetLayout*		pSetLayouts;
		1u,													// deUint32							pushConstantRangeCount;
		&lodConstantRange,									// const VkPushConstantRange*		pPushConstantRanges;
	};

	const Unique<VkPipelineLayout> pipelineLayout(createPipelineLayout(deviceInterface, getDevice(), &pipelineLayoutParams));

	// Create graphics pipeline
	{
		Move<VkShaderModule> vertexModule	= createShaderModule(deviceInterface, getDevice(), m_context.getBinaryCollection().get("vertex_shader"), (VkShaderModuleCreateFlags)0);
		Move<VkShaderModule> fragmentModule	= createShaderModule(deviceInterface, getDevice(), m_context.getBinaryCollection().get("fragment_shader"), (VkShaderModuleCreateFlags)0);
		Move<VkShaderModule> geometryModule;

		if (imageSparseInfo.arrayLayers > 1u)
		{
			requireFeatures(instance, physicalDevice, FEATURE_GEOMETRY_SHADER);
			geometryModule = createShaderModule(deviceInterface, getDevice(), m_context.getBinaryCollection().get("geometry_shader"), (VkShaderModuleCreateFlags)0);
		}

		pipelines.push_back(makeVkSharedPtr(makeGraphicsPipeline(
			deviceInterface, getDevice(), *pipelineLayout, *m_renderPass, *vertexModule, *fragmentModule, *geometryModule)));
	}

	const VkPipeline graphicsPipeline = **pipelines[0];

	{
		const VkImageSubresourceRange fullImageSubresourceRange = makeImageSubresourceRange(VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 0u, imageSparseInfo.mipLevels, 0u, imageSparseInfo.arrayLayers);

		VkImageMemoryBarrier imageShaderAccessBarriers[3];

		imageShaderAccessBarriers[0] = makeImageMemoryBarrier
		(
			VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT,
			VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL,
			imageSparse,
			fullImageSubresourceRange
		);

		imageShaderAccessBarriers[1] = makeImageMemoryBarrier
		(
			0u,
			VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
			imageTexels,
			fullImageSubresourceRange
		);

		imageShaderAccessBarriers[2] = makeImageMemoryBarrier
		(
			0u,
			VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
			imageResidency,
			fullImageSubresourceRange
		);

		deviceInterface.cmdPipelineBarrier(commandBuffer, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT, 0u, 0u, DE_NULL, 0u, DE_NULL, 3u, imageShaderAccessBarriers);
	}

	imageSparseViews.resize(imageSparseInfo.mipLevels);
	imageTexelsViews.resize(imageSparseInfo.mipLevels);
	imageResidencyViews.resize(imageSparseInfo.mipLevels);
	m_framebuffers.resize(imageSparseInfo.mipLevels);
	descriptorSets.resize(imageSparseInfo.mipLevels);

	std::vector<VkClearValue> clearValues;
	clearValues.push_back(makeClearValueColor(tcu::Vec4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f)));
	clearValues.push_back(makeClearValueColor(tcu::Vec4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f)));

	for (deUint32 mipLevelNdx = 0u; mipLevelNdx < imageSparseInfo.mipLevels; ++mipLevelNdx)
	{
		const vk::VkExtent3D			mipLevelSize	= mipLevelExtents(imageSparseInfo.extent, mipLevelNdx);
		const vk::VkRect2D				renderArea		= makeRect2D(mipLevelSize);
		const VkViewport				viewport		= makeViewport(mipLevelSize);
		const VkImageSubresourceRange	mipLevelRange	= makeImageSubresourceRange(VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, mipLevelNdx, 1u, 0u, imageSparseInfo.arrayLayers);

		// Create color attachments image views
		imageTexelsViews[mipLevelNdx] = makeVkSharedPtr(makeImageView(deviceInterface, getDevice(), imageTexels, mapImageViewType(m_imageType), imageSparseInfo.format, mipLevelRange));
		imageResidencyViews[mipLevelNdx] = makeVkSharedPtr(makeImageView(deviceInterface, getDevice(), imageResidency, mapImageViewType(m_imageType), mapTextureFormat(m_residencyFormat), mipLevelRange));

		const VkImageView attachmentsViews[] = { **imageTexelsViews[mipLevelNdx], **imageResidencyViews[mipLevelNdx] };

		// Create framebuffer
		const VkFramebufferCreateInfo framebufferInfo =
		{
			VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO,	// VkStructureType                             sType;
			DE_NULL,									// const void*                                 pNext;
			(VkFramebufferCreateFlags)0,				// VkFramebufferCreateFlags                    flags;
			*m_renderPass,								// VkRenderPass                                renderPass;
			2u,											// uint32_t                                    attachmentCount;
			attachmentsViews,							// const VkImageView*                          pAttachments;
			mipLevelSize.width,							// uint32_t                                    width;
			mipLevelSize.height,						// uint32_t                                    height;
			imageSparseInfo.arrayLayers,				// uint32_t                                    layers;
		};

		m_framebuffers[mipLevelNdx] = makeVkSharedPtr(createFramebuffer(deviceInterface, getDevice(), &framebufferInfo));

		// Create descriptor set
		descriptorSets[mipLevelNdx] = makeVkSharedPtr(makeDescriptorSet(deviceInterface, getDevice(), *descriptorPool, *descriptorSetLayout));
		const VkDescriptorSet descriptorSet = **descriptorSets[mipLevelNdx];

		// Update descriptor set
		const VkImageSubresourceRange sparseImageSubresourceRange = sampledImageRangeToBind(imageSparseInfo, mipLevelNdx);

		imageSparseViews[mipLevelNdx] = makeVkSharedPtr(makeImageView(deviceInterface, getDevice(), imageSparse, mapImageViewType(m_imageType), imageSparseInfo.format, sparseImageSubresourceRange));

		const VkDescriptorImageInfo imageSparseDescInfo = makeDescriptorImageInfo(*m_sampler, **imageSparseViews[mipLevelNdx], VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL);

		DescriptorSetUpdateBuilder descriptorUpdateBuilder;

		descriptorUpdateBuilder.writeSingle(descriptorSet, DescriptorSetUpdateBuilder::Location::binding(BINDING_IMAGE_SPARSE), VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER, &imageSparseDescInfo);
		descriptorUpdateBuilder.update(deviceInterface, getDevice());

		// Begin render pass
		beginRenderPass(deviceInterface, commandBuffer, *m_renderPass, **m_framebuffers[mipLevelNdx], renderArea, (deUint32)clearValues.size(), &clearValues[0]);

		// Bind graphics pipeline
		deviceInterface.cmdBindPipeline(commandBuffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, graphicsPipeline);

		// Bind descriptor set
		deviceInterface.cmdBindDescriptorSets(commandBuffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, *pipelineLayout, 0u, 1u, &descriptorSet, 0u, DE_NULL);

		// Bind vertex buffer
		{
			const VkDeviceSize offset = 0ull;
			deviceInterface.cmdBindVertexBuffers(commandBuffer, 0u, 1u, &m_vertexBuffer.get(), &offset);
		}

		// Bind Viewport
		deviceInterface.cmdSetViewport(commandBuffer, 0u, 1u, &viewport);

		// Bind Scissor Rectangle
		deviceInterface.cmdSetScissor(commandBuffer, 0u, 1u, &renderArea);

		const PushConstants pushConstants =
		{
			mipLevelNdx,
			0u,											// padding
			static_cast<float>(mipLevelSize.width),
			static_cast<float>(mipLevelSize.height)
		};

		// Update push constants
		deviceInterface.cmdPushConstants(commandBuffer, *pipelineLayout, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, 0u, sizeof(PushConstants), &pushConstants);

		// Draw full screen quad
		deviceInterface.cmdDraw(commandBuffer, 4u, 1u, 0u, 0u);

		// End render pass
		endRenderPass(deviceInterface, commandBuffer);
	}

	{
		const VkImageSubresourceRange fullImageSubresourceRange = makeImageSubresourceRange(VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 0u, imageSparseInfo.mipLevels, 0u, imageSparseInfo.arrayLayers);

		VkImageMemoryBarrier imageOutputTransferSrcBarriers[2];

		imageOutputTransferSrcBarriers[0] = makeImageMemoryBarrier
		(
			VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
			VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL,
			imageTexels,
			fullImageSubresourceRange
		);

		imageOutputTransferSrcBarriers[1] = makeImageMemoryBarrier
		(
			VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
			VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
			VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL,
			imageResidency,
			fullImageSubresourceRange
		);

		deviceInterface.cmdPipelineBarrier(commandBuffer, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT, 0u, 0u, DE_NULL, 0u, DE_NULL, 2u, imageOutputTransferSrcBarriers);
	}
}
예제 #5
0
파일: intro.cpp 프로젝트: aonorin/vpp
int main()
{
	// first, create a vulkan instance
	// the needed/used instance extensions
	constexpr const char* iniExtensions[] = {
		VK_KHR_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME,
		VK_KHR_WIN32_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME,
		VK_EXT_DEBUG_REPORT_EXTENSION_NAME
	};

	// enables all default layers
	constexpr auto layer = "VK_LAYER_LUNARG_standard_validation";

	// basic application info
	// we use vulkan api version 1.0
	vk::ApplicationInfo appInfo ("vpp-intro", 1, "vpp", 1, VK_API_VERSION_1_0);

	vk::InstanceCreateInfo instanceInfo;
	instanceInfo.pApplicationInfo = &appInfo;
	instanceInfo.enabledExtensionCount = sizeof(iniExtensions) / sizeof(iniExtensions[0]);
	instanceInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = iniExtensions;
	instanceInfo.enabledLayerCount = 1;
	instanceInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = &layer;

	vpp::Instance instance(instanceInfo);

	// create a debug callback for our instance and the default layers
	// the default implementation will just output to std::cerr when a debug callback
	// is received
	vpp::DebugCallback debugCallback(instance);

	// this function will create a winapi window wrapper and also create a surface for it
	// this should usually be done by a cross platform window abstraction
	Window window(instance);

	// now create a device for the instance and surface
	// note how vpp will automatically select a suited physical device and query
	// queue families to create basic-needs queues with this constructor.
	// We also retrieve the present queue to present on our surface from this
	// constructor
	const vpp::Queue* presentQueue;
	vpp::Device device(instance, window.surface, presentQueue);

	// now we can create a vulkan swapchain
	// again, we just use the fast way that choses quite sane defaults for us but note
	// that the class offers many convininient configuration possibilities
	vpp::Swapchain swapchain(device, window.surface);

	// to render the triangle we also need to create a render pass
	vpp::RenderPass renderPass = createRenderPass(swapchain);

	// we also create the graphics pipeline that will render our triangle as well
	// as the buffer to hold our vertices
	vpp::PipelineLayout pipelineLayout(device, {});
	auto pipeline = createGraphicsPipeline(device, renderPass, pipelineLayout);

	// note how vpp takes care of buffer allocation (in an efficient way, even when used
	// for multiple resources)
	constexpr auto size = 3u * (2u + 4u) * 4u; // 3 vertices, vec2, vec4 with 4 bytes components
	constexpr auto usage = vk::BufferUsageBits::vertexBuffer | vk::BufferUsageBits::transferDst;
	vpp::Buffer vertexBuffer(device, {{}, size, usage});

	// vertex data (only positions and color)
	constexpr std::array<float, 6 * 3> vertexData = {{
		0.f, -0.75f,     1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f, // top
		-0.75f, 0.75f,    0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 1.f, // left
		0.75f, 0.75f,    0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 1.f // right
	}};

	// vpp can now be used to fill the vertex buffer with data in the most efficient way
	// in this case the buffer layout does not matter since its a vertex buffer
	// note how vpp automatically unpacks the std::array
	vpp::fill140(vertexBuffer, vpp::raw(vertexData));

	// to render onto the created swapchain we can use vpp::SwapchainRenderer
	// the class implements the default framebuffer and commandbuffer handling
	// we simply implement the vpp::RendererBuilder interface that will be used
	// to build the render command buffers
	vpp::SwapchainRenderer::CreateInfo rendererInfo;
	rendererInfo.queueFamily = device.queue(vk::QueueBits::graphics)->family();
	rendererInfo.renderPass = renderPass;

	auto impl = std::make_unique<IntroRendererImpl>();
	impl->pipeline = pipeline;
	impl->vertexBuffer = vertexBuffer;

	vpp::SwapchainRenderer renderer(swapchain, rendererInfo, std::move(impl));
	renderer.record();

	// run the main loop
	// we just recevie windows events and render after all are processed
	// sry for windows again...
	using Clock = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock;
	auto frames = 0u;
	auto point = Clock::now();

	auto run = true;
	while(run) {
		MSG msg;
		while(PeekMessage(&msg, nullptr, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE) != 0) {
			if(msg.message == WM_QUIT) {
				run = false;
				break;
			} else {
				TranslateMessage(&msg);
				DispatchMessage(&msg);
			}
		}

		if(!run) break;
		renderer.renderBlock(*presentQueue);
		++frames;

		// output the average fps count ever second
		auto duration = Clock::now() - point;
		if(duration >= std::chrono::seconds(1)) {
			auto count = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(duration).count();
			std::cout << static_cast<int>(frames * (1000.0 / count)) << " fps\n";
			point = Clock::now();
			frames = 0u;
		}
	}

	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}