void move(int x,int y)
{
findset(x);findset(y);
d[pa[x]]=cnt[pa[y]];
cnt[pa[y]]+=cnt[pa[x]];
pa[pa[x]]=pa[y];
//printf("%d:%d %d:%d\n",x,d[x],y,d[y]);
}
bool Triangulator::RemoveAnyEdge(_Internal::_edge* e)
{
_Internal::_edge* bedge = NULL;
_Internal::_edge* hedge = NULL;
if(e->type == _Internal::Inside) e->type = _Internal::Hole; //after removal, a hole will be created.
for(int k=0; k<2; ++k)
{
if(e->faces[k])
{
for(int i=0; i<3; ++i)
{
if(bedge == NULL && e->faces[k]->edges[i]->type == _Internal::Boundary)
{
bedge = e->faces[k]->edges[i];
}
if(hedge == NULL && e->faces[k]->edges[i]->type == _Internal::Hole)
{
hedge = e->faces[k]->edges[i];
}
}
}
}
_Internal::_edge* dominant = e;
if(bedge)
{
dominant = bedge;
}
else if(hedge)
{
dominant = hedge;
}
for(int k=0; k<2; ++k)
{
_Internal::_triangle* tr = e->faces[k]; //a triangle to be removed
if(tr == NULL) continue;
//remove this triangle from three edges forming the triangle.
for(int i=0; i<3; ++i)
{
tr->edges[i]->type = dominant->type;
merge(dominant->node, tr->edges[i]->node);
tr->edges[i]->RemoveFace(tr);
}
vector<_Internal::_triangle*>::iterator itf = find(faces.begin(), faces.end(), tr);
assert(itf != faces.end());
faces.erase(itf);
deleted_faces.push_back(tr);
}
for(int i=0; i<edges.size(); ++i)
{
if(findset(dominant->node)==findset(edges[i]->node))
{
edges[i]->type = dominant->type;
}
}
_DeleteEdge(e);
return true;
}
void unionset(int u, int v)
{
u = findset(u);
v = findset(v);
if (u != v)
{
p[u] = v;
cnt[v] += cnt[u];
}
}
int findset(int x)
{
if(x==parent[x])
return x;
return parent[x]=findset(parent[x]);
}
int union_set(int a, int b)
{
int parent_a = findset(a);
int parent_b = findset(b);
if(parent_a == parent_b) return -1;
if(size[parent_a] > size[parent_b])
{
parent[parent_b] = parent_a;
size[parent_a] += size[parent_b];
}
else
{
parent[parent_a] = parent_b;
size[parent_b] += size[parent_a];
}
return 1;
}
void setunion(int x,int y)
{
int px,py;
px=findset(x);
py=findset(y);
if(px==py)
return;
if(rank[px]>rank[py])
parent[py]=px;
else
parent[px]=py;
if(rank[px]==rank[py])
rank[py]++;
}
bool sol(){
bool found = false;
for(int i=0; i<m; i++){
int a, b, ta, tb;
scanf("%d%d", &a, &b);
if(found) continue;
ta = findset(a);
tb = findset(b);
if(ta == tb)
found = s[a] == s[b];
else{
p[ta] = tb;
s[ta] = s[a]==s[b];
}
}
return found;
}
void MST::Kruskals(Map& map)
{//http://zobayer.blogspot.nl/2010/01/kruskals-algorithm-in-c.html
std::vector<Room*> rooms = map.getRooms();
if (rooms.size() == 0) return;
map.resetRooms();
int w, u, v;
Nodes = rooms.size();
this->parent.reserve(Nodes);
for (auto& r : rooms) {
u = r->getID();
parent.push_back(u);
for (const auto& p : r->getAllPossiblePassages())
{
Room* next = p.second->GetRoom(p.first);
w = next->getWeight() + 1;
v = next->getID();
Edges++;
if (next->isReached() == false) {
edge e{ u, v };
EDGES.push_back(e);
GRAPH.push_back(std::pair< int, edge >(w, e));
next->setReached(true);
}
}
}
int i, pu, pv;
sort(GRAPH.begin(), GRAPH.end()); // increasing weight
for (i = total = 0; i<Nodes; i++)
{
pu = findset(GRAPH[i].second.first, parent);
pv = findset(GRAPH[i].second.second, parent);
if (pu != pv)
{
_MST.push_back(GRAPH[i]); // add to tree
total += GRAPH[i].first; // add edge cost
parent[pu] = parent[pv]; // link
}
}
map.resetRooms();
}
int findset(int x)
{
if(pa[x]==x)
return x;
int root=findset(pa[x]);
d[x]^=d[pa[x]];
pa[x]=root;
return pa[x];
}
void update(int x, int y)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j)
{
int nx = x + dx[j];
int ny = y + dy[j];
int id = idx(x, y);
int nid = idx(nx, ny);
if (nid == -1)
continue;
if (ny >= 0 && ny < m && s[nx][ny] == '0')
continue;
int u = findset(id);
int v = findset(nid);
p[u] = v;
}
s[x][y] = '1';
}
int findset(int x)
{
if(pa[x]==x)return pa[x];
else
{
int root=findset(pa[x]);
d[x]+=d[pa[x]];
//printf("%d %d %d %d\n",x,root,d[x],d[root]);
return pa[x]=root;
}
}
int main(){
#ifdef QWERTIER
freopen("in.txt","r",stdin);
#endif
int kase = 1, i, n, m;
while(scanf("%d%d",&n,&m) && n){
for(i = 1; i <= n; i++)
pa[i] = i;
int ans = n;
while(m--){
int u, v;
scanf("%d%d",&u,&v);
if(findset(u) != findset(v)){
pa[pa[u]] = pa[v];
ans--;
}
}
printf("Case %d: %d\n", kase++, ans);
}
return 0;
}
int main()
{
int T;
scanf("%d", &T);
while (T--)
{
scanf("%d %d", &n, &m);
int ans = -1;
L = n * m;
R = L + 1;
for (int i = 0; i < n * m + 2; ++i)
p[i] = i;
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
for (int j = 0; j < m; ++j)
s[i][j] = '0';
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
{
scanf("%s", s[i]);
for (int j = 0; j < m; ++j)
if (s[i][j] == '1')
update(i, j);
}
if (findset(L) == findset(R))
ans = 0;
int Q;
scanf("%d", &Q);
for (int i = 0; i < Q; ++i)
{
int x, y;
scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);
update(x, y);
if (ans == -1 && findset(L) == findset(R))
ans = i + 1;
}
printf("%d\n", ans);
}
return 0;
}
vector<int>
labelIntraFramePoints(vector<MotionPoint*>& points)
{
vector<Node<int>*> vnodes;
for (int i = 0; i < points.size(); ++i)
{
vnodes.push_back(makeset(i));
}
for (int i = 0; i < points.size(); ++i)
{
for (int j = i + 1; j < points.size(); ++j)
{
//if (i == j) continue;
for (int m = 0; m < points[i]->candidates.size(); ++m)
{
for (int n = 0; n<points[j]->candidates.size(); ++n)
{
//if (points[i].GetLink(j, m, n) > .5) {
if (points[i]->getLink(m, j, n) > 0.5) //probLink[j][m][n] > .5)
{
merge(vnodes[i], vnodes[j]);
}
}
}
}
}
vector<Node<int>*> labels = clusters(vnodes);
vector<int> ilabels(points.size());
for (int i = 0; i < points.size(); ++i)
{
ilabels[i] = distance(labels.begin(), find(labels.begin(), labels.end(), findset(vnodes[i])));
}
for (int i = 0; i < points.size(); ++i)
{
delete vnodes[i];
}
return ilabels;
}
int findset(int u){
if(pa[u]!=u)
pa[u] = findset(pa[u]);
return pa[u];
}
void prims::algorithm()
{
t=0;
t1=1;
T1[1]=1; //The source node
t2=n-1;
int i;
for(i=1;i<=n-1;i++)
T2[i]=i+1; //The reamining nodes
cout<<"\n*****The algorithm starts*****\n\n";
while(g!=0 && t!=n-1)
{
// Find the least cost edge
int min=9999;
int p;
int u,v,w;
for(i=1;i<=g;i++)
{
bool flag1=false,flag2=false;
//if u and v are in different sets
if(findset(graph_edge[i][1])!=findset(graph_edge[i][2]))
{
if(min>graph_edge[i][3])
{
min=graph_edge[i][3];
u=graph_edge[i][1];
v=graph_edge[i][2];
w=graph_edge[i][3];
p=i;
}
}
}
//break if there is no such edge
cout<<"The edge included in the tree is ::";
cout<<" < "<<u<<" , "<<v<<" > "<<endl;
//delete the edge from graph edges
for(int l=p;l<g;l++)
{
graph_edge[l][1]=graph_edge[l+1][1];
graph_edge[l][2]=graph_edge[l+1][2];
graph_edge[l][3]=graph_edge[l+1][3];
}
g--;
//add the edge to the tree
t++;
tree_edge[t][1]=u;
tree_edge[t][2]=v;
tree_edge[t][3]=w;
//Alter the set partitions
t1++;
int m;
if(findset(v)==2)
{
T1[t1]=v;
m=v;
}
else if(findset(u)==2)
{
T1[t1]=u;
m=u;
}
int x;
for(x=1;T2[x]!=m;x++);
for(;x<t2;x++)
T2[x]=T2[x+1];
t2--;
// Print the sets
int k;
cout<<"NOW\nT1 :: ";
for(k=1;k<=t1;k++)
cout<<T1[k]<<' ';
cout<<endl;
cout<<"T2 :: ";
for(k=1;k<=t2;k++)
cout<<T2[k]<<' ';
cout<<endl;
cout<<"The graph edges are ::\n";
for(i=1;i<=g;i++)
cout<<" < "<<graph_edge[i][1]
<<" , "<<graph_edge[i][2]
<<" > ::"<<graph_edge[i][3]<<endl;
cout<<endl<<endl;
}
}
int findset(int i)
{
if(parent[parent[i]] != parent[i])
parent[i] = findset(parent[i]);
return parent[i];
}
int MST::findset(int x, std::vector<int> parent)
{
if (x != parent[x])
parent[x] = findset(parent[x], parent);
return parent[x];
}
int findset(int x)
{
return x == p[x] ? x : p[x] = findset(p[x]);
}
void uni(int a, int b){
a = findset(a);
b = findset(b);
if(a != b) link(a, b);
}
int main()
{
scanf("%d %d", &N, &K);
for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
scanf("%s", s[i]);
for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
for (int j = 0; j < N; ++j)
sum[i + 1][j + 1] = sum[i][j] - sum[i + 1][j] - sum[i][j + 1] + (s[i][j] == '.');
for (int i = 0; i < N * N; ++i)
p[i] = i, cnt[i] = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
for (int j = 0; j < N; ++j)
if (s[i][j] == '.')
{
for (int k = 0; k < 4; ++k)
{
int ni = i + dx[k];
int nj = j + dy[k];
if (ni >= 0 && ni < N && nj >= 0 && nj < N)
unionset(idx(i, j), idx(ni, nj));
}
}
int tim = 1;
int mx = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < N - K + 1; ++i)
for (int j = 0; j < N - K + 1; ++j)
{
int ans = 0;
if (i > 0)
{
for (int k = 0; k < K; ++k)
{
int id = vis[findset(idx(i - 1, j + k))];
if (id != tim)
{
id = tim;
ans += cnt[findset(id)];
}
}
}
if (j > 0)
{
for (int k = 0; k < K; ++k)
{
int id = vis[findset(idx(i + k, j - 1))];
if (id != tim)
{
id = tim;
ans += cnt[findset(id)];
}
}
}
if (i + K < N)
{
for (int k = 0; k < K; ++k)
{
int id = vis[findset(idx(i + K, j + k))];
if (id != tim)
{
id = tim;
ans += cnt[findset(id)];
}
}
}
if (j + K < N)
{
for (int k = 0; k < K; ++k)
{
int id = vis[findset(idx(i + k, j + K))];
if (id != tim)
{
id = tim;
ans += cnt[findset(id)];
}
}
}
++tim;
}
return 0;
}
int main()
{
int n,q,a,b,kase=1;
char order[200];
while(scanf("%d%d",&n,&q)&&n)
{
printf("Case %d:\n",kase++);
memset(d,0,sizeof(d));
memset(def,0,sizeof(def));
for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
pa[i]=i;
bool ok=true;
int fact_cnt=0;
for(int i=1; i<=q; i++)
{
if(!ok){gets(order);continue;}
scanf("%s",order);
if(order[0]!='I'&&order[0]!='Q')
scanf("%s",order);
if(order[0]=='I')
{
int v;
fact_cnt++;
gets(order);
if(sscanf(order,"%d %d %d",&a,&b,&v)==2)
{
//printf("%d %d %d\n",a,b,q);
findset(a);
if(!def[pa[a]])
num[pa[a]]=b^d[a],def[pa[a]]=1;
else if(num[pa[a]]!=b^d[a])
{
printf("The first %d facts are conflicting.\n",fact_cnt);
ok=false;
continue;
}
}
else
{
//printf("%d %d %d\n",a,b,q);
findset(a);findset(b);
if(pa[a]==pa[b])
{
if(d[a]^d[b]!=v)
{
printf("The first %d facts are conflicting.\n",fact_cnt);
ok=false;
continue;
}
}
else
{
if(def[pa[a]]&&def[pa[b]]&&num[pa[a]]^num[pa[b]]!=v)
{
printf("The first %d facts are conflicting.\n",fact_cnt);
ok=false;
continue;
}
int t=pa[a];pa[t]=a;d[t]=d[a];
pa[a]=b;
d[a]=v;
findset(t);
if(!def[pa[t]]&&def[t])
{
num[pa[t]]=num[t]^d[t];
def[pa[t]]=1;
}
}
}
}
else
{
int v[100],k,cnt=0,t=0;
scanf("%d",&k);
for(int j=1; j<=k; j++)
{
scanf("%d",&v[j]);
if(v[j]>=n)
cnt=-1;
}
int root_num=-1;
for(int j=1; j<=k&&cnt!=-1; j++)
{
findset(v[j]);
if(def[pa[v[j]]])
v[j]=d[v[j]]^num[pa[v[j]]];
else
{
if(pa[v[j]]==root_num||root_num==-1)
{
root_num=pa[v[j]];
v[j]=d[v[j]];
cnt++;
}
else
cnt=-1;
}
}
if(cnt%2)printf("I don't know.\n");
else {for(int j=1;j<=k; j++)t^=v[j]; printf("%d\n",t);}
}
}
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
void AGOSEngine_PN::opn_opcode50() {
_fnst = 0;
setScriptReturn(findset());
}
/* ARGSUSED */
int
set_io(uintptr_t addr, uint_t flags, int argc, const mdb_arg_t *argv)
{
GElf_Sym setiosym;
uint64_t i;
size_t offset = 0;
uint64_t opt_a = 0; /* up to active_sets */
char *opt_s = (char *)NULL; /* a named set */
uint64_t opt_m = 0; /* array element */
int setno = 0;
int argnum = 0;
argnum = mdb_getopts(argc, argv,
'a', MDB_OPT_UINT64, &opt_a,
's', MDB_OPT_STR, &opt_s,
'm', MDB_OPT_UINT64, &opt_m, NULL);
if (argnum != argc) {
mdb_printf("invalid arguments\n");
return (DCMD_USAGE);
}
if ((opt_s != 0) && (opt_m != 0)) {
mdb_printf("-s and -m cannot both be specified\n");
return (DCMD_USAGE);
}
snarf_sets();
if (opt_a == 0)
opt_a = active_sets;
/* find the array */
if (mdb_lookup_by_name("md_set_io", &setiosym) == -1) {
mdb_warn("SVM - no set io counts set\n");
return (DCMD_ERR);
}
if (md_verbose) {
mdb_printf("Base address for the md_set_io array: %p\n",
setiosym.st_value);
}
if (opt_s != NULL) {
setno = findset(opt_s);
if (setno == -1) {
mdb_warn("no such set: %s\n", opt_s);
return (DCMD_ERR);
}
opt_m = setno;
}
if (opt_m > 0) {
mdb_printf("%lld]\t%ld\t%ld", opt_m,
md_setio[opt_m].io_cnt, md_setio[opt_m].io_state);
mdb_printf("\t%hb\n", io_state_bits);
return (DCMD_OK);
}
if (opt_a == 0) {
mdb_warn("No active set!\n");
return (DCMD_ERR);
}
for (i = 0; i < opt_a; i++) {
if (mdb_vread(&md_setio[i], sizeof (md_set_io_t),
setiosym.st_value + offset) == -1) {
mdb_warn("failed to read md_set_io_t at 0x%x\n",
setiosym.st_value + offset);
}
mdb_printf("%lld]\t%ld\t%ld", i, md_setio[i].io_cnt,
md_setio[i].io_state);
mdb_printf("\t%hb", io_state_bits);
if (md_verbose) {
mdb_printf(" - io_cnt: %p",
setiosym.st_value + offset + sizeof (kmutex_t) +
sizeof (kcondvar_t));
mdb_printf(" %d", sizeof (md_set_io_t));
}
mdb_printf("\n");
offset += sizeof (md_set_io_t);
}
return (DCMD_OK);
}
int findset(int a)
{
return a!=p[a]? findset(p[a]):a;
}
int findset(int x)//递归写法，其实有更凶残的非递归写法
{
return p[x] == -1 ? x : p[x] = findset(p[x]);//带路径压缩的查找
}
void AGOSEngine_PN::opn_opcode51() {
_fnst = varval();
setScriptReturn(findset());
}
int Solve::findset(int u)
{
if(parent[u] != u)
parent[u] = findset(parent[u]);
return parent[u];
}
int findset(int x){
return p[x]==x ? x : p[x]=findset(p[x]);
}
int findset(int x) {
if(x != p[x])
p[x] = findset(p[x]);
return p[x];
}
