/* ARGSUSED */
int
sys_profil(struct proc *p, void *v, register_t *retval)
{
struct sys_profil_args /* {
syscallarg(caddr_t) samples;
syscallarg(size_t) size;
syscallarg(u_long) offset;
syscallarg(u_int) scale;
} */ *uap = v;
struct uprof *upp;
int s;
if (SCARG(uap, scale) > (1 << 16))
return (EINVAL);
if (SCARG(uap, scale) == 0) {
stopprofclock(p);
return (0);
}
upp = &p->p_p->ps_prof;
/* Block profile interrupts while changing state. */
s = splstatclock();
upp->pr_off = SCARG(uap, offset);
upp->pr_scale = SCARG(uap, scale);
upp->pr_base = (caddr_t)SCARG(uap, samples);
upp->pr_size = SCARG(uap, size);
startprofclock(p);
splx(s);
return (0);
}
/*
* sysctl helper routine for kern.profiling subtree. enables/disables
* kernel profiling and gives out copies of the profiling data.
*/
static int
sysctl_kern_profiling(SYSCTLFN_ARGS)
{
struct gmonparam *gp = &_gmonparam;
int error;
struct sysctlnode node;
node = *rnode;
switch (node.sysctl_num) {
case GPROF_STATE:
node.sysctl_data = &gp->state;
break;
case GPROF_COUNT:
node.sysctl_data = gp->kcount;
node.sysctl_size = gp->kcountsize;
break;
case GPROF_FROMS:
node.sysctl_data = gp->froms;
node.sysctl_size = gp->fromssize;
break;
case GPROF_TOS:
node.sysctl_data = gp->tos;
node.sysctl_size = gp->tossize;
break;
case GPROF_GMONPARAM:
node.sysctl_data = gp;
node.sysctl_size = sizeof(*gp);
break;
default:
return (EOPNOTSUPP);
}
error = sysctl_lookup(SYSCTLFN_CALL(&node));
if (error || newp == NULL)
return (error);
if (node.sysctl_num == GPROF_STATE) {
mutex_spin_enter(&proc0.p_stmutex);
if (gp->state == GMON_PROF_OFF)
stopprofclock(&proc0);
else
startprofclock(&proc0);
mutex_spin_exit(&proc0.p_stmutex);
}
return (0);
}
/*
* Return kernel profiling information.
*/
int
sysctl_doprof(int *name, u_int namelen, void *oldp, size_t *oldlenp, void *newp,
size_t newlen)
{
struct gmonparam *gp = &_gmonparam;
int error;
/* all sysctl names at this level are terminal */
if (namelen != 1)
return (ENOTDIR); /* overloaded */
switch (name[0]) {
case GPROF_STATE:
error = sysctl_int(oldp, oldlenp, newp, newlen, &gp->state);
if (error)
return (error);
if (gp->state == GMON_PROF_OFF)
stopprofclock(&proc0);
else
startprofclock(&proc0);
return (0);
case GPROF_COUNT:
return (sysctl_struct(oldp, oldlenp, newp, newlen,
gp->kcount, gp->kcountsize));
case GPROF_FROMS:
return (sysctl_struct(oldp, oldlenp, newp, newlen,
gp->froms, gp->fromssize));
case GPROF_TOS:
return (sysctl_struct(oldp, oldlenp, newp, newlen,
gp->tos, gp->tossize));
case GPROF_GMONPARAM:
return (sysctl_rdstruct(oldp, oldlenp, newp, gp, sizeof *gp));
default:
return (EOPNOTSUPP);
}
/* NOTREACHED */
}
/*
* forkproc
*
* Description: Create a new process structure, given a parent process
* structure.
*
* Parameters: parent_proc The parent process
*
* Returns: !NULL The new process structure
* NULL Error (insufficient free memory)
*
* Note: When successful, the newly created process structure is
* partially initialized; if a caller needs to deconstruct the
* returned structure, they must call forkproc_free() to do so.
*/
proc_t
forkproc(proc_t parent_proc)
{
proc_t child_proc; /* Our new process */
static int nextpid = 0, pidwrap = 0, nextpidversion = 0;
int error = 0;
struct session *sessp;
uthread_t parent_uthread = (uthread_t)get_bsdthread_info(current_thread());
MALLOC_ZONE(child_proc, proc_t , sizeof *child_proc, M_PROC, M_WAITOK);
if (child_proc == NULL) {
printf("forkproc: M_PROC zone exhausted\n");
goto bad;
}
/* zero it out as we need to insert in hash */
bzero(child_proc, sizeof *child_proc);
MALLOC_ZONE(child_proc->p_stats, struct pstats *,
sizeof *child_proc->p_stats, M_PSTATS, M_WAITOK);
if (child_proc->p_stats == NULL) {
printf("forkproc: M_SUBPROC zone exhausted (p_stats)\n");
FREE_ZONE(child_proc, sizeof *child_proc, M_PROC);
child_proc = NULL;
goto bad;
}
MALLOC_ZONE(child_proc->p_sigacts, struct sigacts *,
sizeof *child_proc->p_sigacts, M_SIGACTS, M_WAITOK);
if (child_proc->p_sigacts == NULL) {
printf("forkproc: M_SUBPROC zone exhausted (p_sigacts)\n");
FREE_ZONE(child_proc->p_stats, sizeof *child_proc->p_stats, M_PSTATS);
FREE_ZONE(child_proc, sizeof *child_proc, M_PROC);
child_proc = NULL;
goto bad;
}
/* allocate a callout for use by interval timers */
child_proc->p_rcall = thread_call_allocate((thread_call_func_t)realitexpire, child_proc);
if (child_proc->p_rcall == NULL) {
FREE_ZONE(child_proc->p_sigacts, sizeof *child_proc->p_sigacts, M_SIGACTS);
FREE_ZONE(child_proc->p_stats, sizeof *child_proc->p_stats, M_PSTATS);
FREE_ZONE(child_proc, sizeof *child_proc, M_PROC);
child_proc = NULL;
goto bad;
}
/*
* Find an unused PID.
*/
proc_list_lock();
nextpid++;
retry:
/*
* If the process ID prototype has wrapped around,
* restart somewhat above 0, as the low-numbered procs
* tend to include daemons that don't exit.
*/
if (nextpid >= PID_MAX) {
nextpid = 100;
pidwrap = 1;
}
if (pidwrap != 0) {
/* if the pid stays in hash both for zombie and runniing state */
if (pfind_locked(nextpid) != PROC_NULL) {
nextpid++;
goto retry;
}
if (pgfind_internal(nextpid) != PGRP_NULL) {
nextpid++;
goto retry;
}
if (session_find_internal(nextpid) != SESSION_NULL) {
nextpid++;
goto retry;
}
}
nprocs++;
child_proc->p_pid = nextpid;
child_proc->p_idversion = nextpidversion++;
#if 1
if (child_proc->p_pid != 0) {
if (pfind_locked(child_proc->p_pid) != PROC_NULL)
panic("proc in the list already\n");
}
#endif
/* Insert in the hash */
child_proc->p_listflag |= (P_LIST_INHASH | P_LIST_INCREATE);
LIST_INSERT_HEAD(PIDHASH(child_proc->p_pid), child_proc, p_hash);
proc_list_unlock();
/*
* We've identified the PID we are going to use; initialize the new
* process structure.
*/
child_proc->p_stat = SIDL;
child_proc->p_pgrpid = PGRPID_DEAD;
/*
* The zero'ing of the proc was at the allocation time due to need
* for insertion to hash. Copy the section that is to be copied
* directly from the parent.
*/
bcopy(&parent_proc->p_startcopy, &child_proc->p_startcopy,
(unsigned) ((caddr_t)&child_proc->p_endcopy - (caddr_t)&child_proc->p_startcopy));
/*
* Some flags are inherited from the parent.
* Duplicate sub-structures as needed.
* Increase reference counts on shared objects.
* The p_stats and p_sigacts substructs are set in vm_fork.
*/
child_proc->p_flag = (parent_proc->p_flag & (P_LP64 | P_TRANSLATED | P_AFFINITY));
if (parent_proc->p_flag & P_PROFIL)
startprofclock(child_proc);
/*
* Note that if the current thread has an assumed identity, this
* credential will be granted to the new process.
*/
child_proc->p_ucred = kauth_cred_get_with_ref();
#ifdef CONFIG_EMBEDDED
lck_mtx_init(&child_proc->p_mlock, proc_lck_grp, proc_lck_attr);
lck_mtx_init(&child_proc->p_fdmlock, proc_lck_grp, proc_lck_attr);
#if CONFIG_DTRACE
lck_mtx_init(&child_proc->p_dtrace_sprlock, proc_lck_grp, proc_lck_attr);
#endif
lck_spin_init(&child_proc->p_slock, proc_lck_grp, proc_lck_attr);
#else /* !CONFIG_EMBEDDED */
lck_mtx_init(&child_proc->p_mlock, proc_mlock_grp, proc_lck_attr);
lck_mtx_init(&child_proc->p_fdmlock, proc_fdmlock_grp, proc_lck_attr);
#if CONFIG_DTRACE
lck_mtx_init(&child_proc->p_dtrace_sprlock, proc_lck_grp, proc_lck_attr);
#endif
lck_spin_init(&child_proc->p_slock, proc_slock_grp, proc_lck_attr);
#endif /* !CONFIG_EMBEDDED */
klist_init(&child_proc->p_klist);
if (child_proc->p_textvp != NULLVP) {
/* bump references to the text vnode */
/* Need to hold iocount across the ref call */
if (vnode_getwithref(child_proc->p_textvp) == 0) {
error = vnode_ref(child_proc->p_textvp);
vnode_put(child_proc->p_textvp);
if (error != 0)
child_proc->p_textvp = NULLVP;
}
}
/*
* Copy the parents per process open file table to the child; if
* there is a per-thread current working directory, set the childs
* per-process current working directory to that instead of the
* parents.
*
* XXX may fail to copy descriptors to child
*/
child_proc->p_fd = fdcopy(parent_proc, parent_uthread->uu_cdir);
#if SYSV_SHM
if (parent_proc->vm_shm) {
/* XXX may fail to attach shm to child */
(void)shmfork(parent_proc, child_proc);
}
#endif
/*
* inherit the limit structure to child
*/
proc_limitfork(parent_proc, child_proc);
if (child_proc->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_CPU].rlim_cur != RLIM_INFINITY) {
uint64_t rlim_cur = child_proc->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_CPU].rlim_cur;
child_proc->p_rlim_cpu.tv_sec = (rlim_cur > __INT_MAX__) ? __INT_MAX__ : rlim_cur;
}
/* Intialize new process stats, including start time */
/* <rdar://6640543> non-zeroed portion contains garbage AFAICT */
bzero(&child_proc->p_stats->pstat_startzero,
(unsigned) ((caddr_t)&child_proc->p_stats->pstat_endzero -
(caddr_t)&child_proc->p_stats->pstat_startzero));
bzero(&child_proc->p_stats->user_p_prof, sizeof(struct user_uprof));
microtime(&child_proc->p_start);
child_proc->p_stats->p_start = child_proc->p_start; /* for compat */
if (parent_proc->p_sigacts != NULL)
(void)memcpy(child_proc->p_sigacts,
parent_proc->p_sigacts, sizeof *child_proc->p_sigacts);
else
(void)memset(child_proc->p_sigacts, 0, sizeof *child_proc->p_sigacts);
sessp = proc_session(parent_proc);
if (sessp->s_ttyvp != NULL && parent_proc->p_flag & P_CONTROLT)
OSBitOrAtomic(P_CONTROLT, &child_proc->p_flag);
session_rele(sessp);
/*
* block all signals to reach the process.
* no transition race should be occuring with the child yet,
* but indicate that the process is in (the creation) transition.
*/
proc_signalstart(child_proc, 0);
proc_transstart(child_proc, 0);
child_proc->p_pcaction = (parent_proc->p_pcaction) & P_PCMAX;
TAILQ_INIT(&child_proc->p_uthlist);
TAILQ_INIT(&child_proc->p_aio_activeq);
TAILQ_INIT(&child_proc->p_aio_doneq);
/* Inherit the parent flags for code sign */
child_proc->p_csflags = parent_proc->p_csflags;
/*
* All processes have work queue locks; cleaned up by
* reap_child_locked()
*/
workqueue_init_lock(child_proc);
/*
* Copy work queue information
*
* Note: This should probably only happen in the case where we are
* creating a child that is a copy of the parent; since this
* routine is called in the non-duplication case of vfork()
* or posix_spawn(), then this information should likely not
* be duplicated.
*
* <rdar://6640553> Work queue pointers that no longer point to code
*/
child_proc->p_wqthread = parent_proc->p_wqthread;
child_proc->p_threadstart = parent_proc->p_threadstart;
child_proc->p_pthsize = parent_proc->p_pthsize;
child_proc->p_targconc = parent_proc->p_targconc;
if ((parent_proc->p_lflag & P_LREGISTER) != 0) {
child_proc->p_lflag |= P_LREGISTER;
}
child_proc->p_dispatchqueue_offset = parent_proc->p_dispatchqueue_offset;
#if PSYNCH
pth_proc_hashinit(child_proc);
#endif /* PSYNCH */
#if CONFIG_LCTX
child_proc->p_lctx = NULL;
/* Add new process to login context (if any). */
if (parent_proc->p_lctx != NULL) {
/*
* <rdar://6640564> This should probably be delayed in the
* vfork() or posix_spawn() cases.
*/
LCTX_LOCK(parent_proc->p_lctx);
enterlctx(child_proc, parent_proc->p_lctx, 0);
}
#endif
bad:
return(child_proc);
}
static void
do_fork(struct thread *td, struct fork_req *fr, struct proc *p2, struct thread *td2,
struct vmspace *vm2, struct file *fp_procdesc)
{
struct proc *p1, *pptr;
int trypid;
struct filedesc *fd;
struct filedesc_to_leader *fdtol;
struct sigacts *newsigacts;
sx_assert(&proctree_lock, SX_SLOCKED);
sx_assert(&allproc_lock, SX_XLOCKED);
p1 = td->td_proc;
trypid = fork_findpid(fr->fr_flags);
sx_sunlock(&proctree_lock);
p2->p_state = PRS_NEW; /* protect against others */
p2->p_pid = trypid;
AUDIT_ARG_PID(p2->p_pid);
LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&allproc, p2, p_list);
allproc_gen++;
LIST_INSERT_HEAD(PIDHASH(p2->p_pid), p2, p_hash);
tidhash_add(td2);
PROC_LOCK(p2);
PROC_LOCK(p1);
sx_xunlock(&allproc_lock);
bcopy(&p1->p_startcopy, &p2->p_startcopy,
__rangeof(struct proc, p_startcopy, p_endcopy));
pargs_hold(p2->p_args);
PROC_UNLOCK(p1);
bzero(&p2->p_startzero,
__rangeof(struct proc, p_startzero, p_endzero));
/* Tell the prison that we exist. */
prison_proc_hold(p2->p_ucred->cr_prison);
PROC_UNLOCK(p2);
/*
* Malloc things while we don't hold any locks.
*/
if (fr->fr_flags & RFSIGSHARE)
newsigacts = NULL;
else
newsigacts = sigacts_alloc();
/*
* Copy filedesc.
*/
if (fr->fr_flags & RFCFDG) {
fd = fdinit(p1->p_fd, false);
fdtol = NULL;
} else if (fr->fr_flags & RFFDG) {
fd = fdcopy(p1->p_fd);
fdtol = NULL;
} else {
fd = fdshare(p1->p_fd);
if (p1->p_fdtol == NULL)
p1->p_fdtol = filedesc_to_leader_alloc(NULL, NULL,
p1->p_leader);
if ((fr->fr_flags & RFTHREAD) != 0) {
/*
* Shared file descriptor table, and shared
* process leaders.
*/
fdtol = p1->p_fdtol;
FILEDESC_XLOCK(p1->p_fd);
fdtol->fdl_refcount++;
FILEDESC_XUNLOCK(p1->p_fd);
} else {
/*
* Shared file descriptor table, and different
* process leaders.
*/
fdtol = filedesc_to_leader_alloc(p1->p_fdtol,
p1->p_fd, p2);
}
}
/*
* Make a proc table entry for the new process.
* Start by zeroing the section of proc that is zero-initialized,
* then copy the section that is copied directly from the parent.
*/
PROC_LOCK(p2);
PROC_LOCK(p1);
bzero(&td2->td_startzero,
__rangeof(struct thread, td_startzero, td_endzero));
bcopy(&td->td_startcopy, &td2->td_startcopy,
__rangeof(struct thread, td_startcopy, td_endcopy));
bcopy(&p2->p_comm, &td2->td_name, sizeof(td2->td_name));
td2->td_sigstk = td->td_sigstk;
td2->td_flags = TDF_INMEM;
td2->td_lend_user_pri = PRI_MAX;
#ifdef VIMAGE
td2->td_vnet = NULL;
td2->td_vnet_lpush = NULL;
#endif
/*
* Allow the scheduler to initialize the child.
*/
thread_lock(td);
sched_fork(td, td2);
thread_unlock(td);
/*
* Duplicate sub-structures as needed.
* Increase reference counts on shared objects.
*/
p2->p_flag = P_INMEM;
p2->p_flag2 = p1->p_flag2 & (P2_NOTRACE | P2_NOTRACE_EXEC | P2_TRAPCAP);
p2->p_swtick = ticks;
if (p1->p_flag & P_PROFIL)
startprofclock(p2);
/*
* Whilst the proc lock is held, copy the VM domain data out
* using the VM domain method.
*/
vm_domain_policy_init(&p2->p_vm_dom_policy);
vm_domain_policy_localcopy(&p2->p_vm_dom_policy,
&p1->p_vm_dom_policy);
if (fr->fr_flags & RFSIGSHARE) {
p2->p_sigacts = sigacts_hold(p1->p_sigacts);
} else {
sigacts_copy(newsigacts, p1->p_sigacts);
p2->p_sigacts = newsigacts;
}
if (fr->fr_flags & RFTSIGZMB)
p2->p_sigparent = RFTSIGNUM(fr->fr_flags);
else if (fr->fr_flags & RFLINUXTHPN)
p2->p_sigparent = SIGUSR1;
else
p2->p_sigparent = SIGCHLD;
p2->p_textvp = p1->p_textvp;
p2->p_fd = fd;
p2->p_fdtol = fdtol;
if (p1->p_flag2 & P2_INHERIT_PROTECTED) {
p2->p_flag |= P_PROTECTED;
p2->p_flag2 |= P2_INHERIT_PROTECTED;
}
/*
* p_limit is copy-on-write. Bump its refcount.
*/
lim_fork(p1, p2);
thread_cow_get_proc(td2, p2);
pstats_fork(p1->p_stats, p2->p_stats);
PROC_UNLOCK(p1);
PROC_UNLOCK(p2);
/* Bump references to the text vnode (for procfs). */
if (p2->p_textvp)
vrefact(p2->p_textvp);
/*
* Set up linkage for kernel based threading.
*/
if ((fr->fr_flags & RFTHREAD) != 0) {
mtx_lock(&ppeers_lock);
p2->p_peers = p1->p_peers;
p1->p_peers = p2;
p2->p_leader = p1->p_leader;
mtx_unlock(&ppeers_lock);
PROC_LOCK(p1->p_leader);
if ((p1->p_leader->p_flag & P_WEXIT) != 0) {
PROC_UNLOCK(p1->p_leader);
/*
* The task leader is exiting, so process p1 is
* going to be killed shortly. Since p1 obviously
* isn't dead yet, we know that the leader is either
* sending SIGKILL's to all the processes in this
* task or is sleeping waiting for all the peers to
* exit. We let p1 complete the fork, but we need
* to go ahead and kill the new process p2 since
* the task leader may not get a chance to send
* SIGKILL to it. We leave it on the list so that
* the task leader will wait for this new process
* to commit suicide.
*/
PROC_LOCK(p2);
kern_psignal(p2, SIGKILL);
PROC_UNLOCK(p2);
} else
PROC_UNLOCK(p1->p_leader);
} else {
p2->p_peers = NULL;
p2->p_leader = p2;
}
sx_xlock(&proctree_lock);
PGRP_LOCK(p1->p_pgrp);
PROC_LOCK(p2);
PROC_LOCK(p1);
/*
* Preserve some more flags in subprocess. P_PROFIL has already
* been preserved.
*/
p2->p_flag |= p1->p_flag & P_SUGID;
td2->td_pflags |= (td->td_pflags & TDP_ALTSTACK) | TDP_FORKING;
SESS_LOCK(p1->p_session);
if (p1->p_session->s_ttyvp != NULL && p1->p_flag & P_CONTROLT)
p2->p_flag |= P_CONTROLT;
SESS_UNLOCK(p1->p_session);
if (fr->fr_flags & RFPPWAIT)
p2->p_flag |= P_PPWAIT;
p2->p_pgrp = p1->p_pgrp;
LIST_INSERT_AFTER(p1, p2, p_pglist);
PGRP_UNLOCK(p1->p_pgrp);
LIST_INIT(&p2->p_children);
LIST_INIT(&p2->p_orphans);
callout_init_mtx(&p2->p_itcallout, &p2->p_mtx, 0);
/*
* If PF_FORK is set, the child process inherits the
* procfs ioctl flags from its parent.
*/
if (p1->p_pfsflags & PF_FORK) {
p2->p_stops = p1->p_stops;
p2->p_pfsflags = p1->p_pfsflags;
}
/*
* This begins the section where we must prevent the parent
* from being swapped.
*/
_PHOLD(p1);
PROC_UNLOCK(p1);
/*
* Attach the new process to its parent.
*
* If RFNOWAIT is set, the newly created process becomes a child
* of init. This effectively disassociates the child from the
* parent.
*/
if ((fr->fr_flags & RFNOWAIT) != 0) {
pptr = p1->p_reaper;
p2->p_reaper = pptr;
} else {
p2->p_reaper = (p1->p_treeflag & P_TREE_REAPER) != 0 ?
p1 : p1->p_reaper;
pptr = p1;
}
p2->p_pptr = pptr;
LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&pptr->p_children, p2, p_sibling);
LIST_INIT(&p2->p_reaplist);
LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&p2->p_reaper->p_reaplist, p2, p_reapsibling);
if (p2->p_reaper == p1)
p2->p_reapsubtree = p2->p_pid;
sx_xunlock(&proctree_lock);
/* Inform accounting that we have forked. */
p2->p_acflag = AFORK;
PROC_UNLOCK(p2);
#ifdef KTRACE
ktrprocfork(p1, p2);
#endif
/*
* Finish creating the child process. It will return via a different
* execution path later. (ie: directly into user mode)
*/
vm_forkproc(td, p2, td2, vm2, fr->fr_flags);
if (fr->fr_flags == (RFFDG | RFPROC)) {
VM_CNT_INC(v_forks);
VM_CNT_ADD(v_forkpages, p2->p_vmspace->vm_dsize +
p2->p_vmspace->vm_ssize);
} else if (fr->fr_flags == (RFFDG | RFPROC | RFPPWAIT | RFMEM)) {
VM_CNT_INC(v_vforks);
VM_CNT_ADD(v_vforkpages, p2->p_vmspace->vm_dsize +
p2->p_vmspace->vm_ssize);
} else if (p1 == &proc0) {
VM_CNT_INC(v_kthreads);
VM_CNT_ADD(v_kthreadpages, p2->p_vmspace->vm_dsize +
p2->p_vmspace->vm_ssize);
} else {
VM_CNT_INC(v_rforks);
VM_CNT_ADD(v_rforkpages, p2->p_vmspace->vm_dsize +
p2->p_vmspace->vm_ssize);
}
/*
* Associate the process descriptor with the process before anything
* can happen that might cause that process to need the descriptor.
* However, don't do this until after fork(2) can no longer fail.
*/
if (fr->fr_flags & RFPROCDESC)
procdesc_new(p2, fr->fr_pd_flags);
/*
* Both processes are set up, now check if any loadable modules want
* to adjust anything.
*/
EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(process_fork, p1, p2, fr->fr_flags);
/*
* Set the child start time and mark the process as being complete.
*/
PROC_LOCK(p2);
PROC_LOCK(p1);
microuptime(&p2->p_stats->p_start);
PROC_SLOCK(p2);
p2->p_state = PRS_NORMAL;
PROC_SUNLOCK(p2);
#ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
/*
* Tell the DTrace fasttrap provider about the new process so that any
* tracepoints inherited from the parent can be removed. We have to do
* this only after p_state is PRS_NORMAL since the fasttrap module will
* use pfind() later on.
*/
if ((fr->fr_flags & RFMEM) == 0 && dtrace_fasttrap_fork)
dtrace_fasttrap_fork(p1, p2);
#endif
/*
* Hold the process so that it cannot exit after we make it runnable,
* but before we wait for the debugger.
*/
_PHOLD(p2);
if (p1->p_ptevents & PTRACE_FORK) {
/*
* Arrange for debugger to receive the fork event.
*
* We can report PL_FLAG_FORKED regardless of
* P_FOLLOWFORK settings, but it does not make a sense
* for runaway child.
*/
td->td_dbgflags |= TDB_FORK;
td->td_dbg_forked = p2->p_pid;
td2->td_dbgflags |= TDB_STOPATFORK;
}
if (fr->fr_flags & RFPPWAIT) {
td->td_pflags |= TDP_RFPPWAIT;
td->td_rfppwait_p = p2;
td->td_dbgflags |= TDB_VFORK;
}
PROC_UNLOCK(p2);
/*
* Now can be swapped.
*/
_PRELE(p1);
PROC_UNLOCK(p1);
/*
* Tell any interested parties about the new process.
*/
knote_fork(p1->p_klist, p2->p_pid);
SDT_PROBE3(proc, , , create, p2, p1, fr->fr_flags);
if (fr->fr_flags & RFPROCDESC) {
procdesc_finit(p2->p_procdesc, fp_procdesc);
fdrop(fp_procdesc, td);
}
if ((fr->fr_flags & RFSTOPPED) == 0) {
/*
* If RFSTOPPED not requested, make child runnable and
* add to run queue.
*/
thread_lock(td2);
TD_SET_CAN_RUN(td2);
sched_add(td2, SRQ_BORING);
thread_unlock(td2);
if (fr->fr_pidp != NULL)
*fr->fr_pidp = p2->p_pid;
} else {
*fr->fr_procp = p2;
}
PROC_LOCK(p2);
/*
* Wait until debugger is attached to child.
*/
while (td2->td_proc == p2 && (td2->td_dbgflags & TDB_STOPATFORK) != 0)
cv_wait(&p2->p_dbgwait, &p2->p_mtx);
_PRELE(p2);
racct_proc_fork_done(p2);
PROC_UNLOCK(p2);
}
/*
* General fork call. Note that another LWP in the process may call exec()
* or exit() while we are forking. It's safe to continue here, because
* neither operation will complete until all LWPs have exited the process.
*/
int
fork1(struct lwp *l1, int flags, int exitsig, void *stack, size_t stacksize,
void (*func)(void *), void *arg, register_t *retval,
struct proc **rnewprocp)
{
struct proc *p1, *p2, *parent;
struct plimit *p1_lim;
uid_t uid;
struct lwp *l2;
int count;
vaddr_t uaddr;
int tnprocs;
int tracefork;
int error = 0;
p1 = l1->l_proc;
uid = kauth_cred_getuid(l1->l_cred);
tnprocs = atomic_inc_uint_nv(&nprocs);
/*
* Although process entries are dynamically created, we still keep
* a global limit on the maximum number we will create.
*/
if (__predict_false(tnprocs >= maxproc))
error = -1;
else
error = kauth_authorize_process(l1->l_cred,
KAUTH_PROCESS_FORK, p1, KAUTH_ARG(tnprocs), NULL, NULL);
if (error) {
static struct timeval lasttfm;
atomic_dec_uint(&nprocs);
if (ratecheck(&lasttfm, &fork_tfmrate))
tablefull("proc", "increase kern.maxproc or NPROC");
if (forkfsleep)
kpause("forkmx", false, forkfsleep, NULL);
return EAGAIN;
}
/*
* Enforce limits.
*/
count = chgproccnt(uid, 1);
if (__predict_false(count > p1->p_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC].rlim_cur)) {
if (kauth_authorize_process(l1->l_cred, KAUTH_PROCESS_RLIMIT,
p1, KAUTH_ARG(KAUTH_REQ_PROCESS_RLIMIT_BYPASS),
&p1->p_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC], KAUTH_ARG(RLIMIT_NPROC)) != 0) {
(void)chgproccnt(uid, -1);
atomic_dec_uint(&nprocs);
if (forkfsleep)
kpause("forkulim", false, forkfsleep, NULL);
return EAGAIN;
}
}
/*
* Allocate virtual address space for the U-area now, while it
* is still easy to abort the fork operation if we're out of
* kernel virtual address space.
*/
uaddr = uvm_uarea_alloc();
if (__predict_false(uaddr == 0)) {
(void)chgproccnt(uid, -1);
atomic_dec_uint(&nprocs);
return ENOMEM;
}
/*
* We are now committed to the fork. From here on, we may
* block on resources, but resource allocation may NOT fail.
*/
/* Allocate new proc. */
p2 = proc_alloc();
/*
* Make a proc table entry for the new process.
* Start by zeroing the section of proc that is zero-initialized,
* then copy the section that is copied directly from the parent.
*/
memset(&p2->p_startzero, 0,
(unsigned) ((char *)&p2->p_endzero - (char *)&p2->p_startzero));
memcpy(&p2->p_startcopy, &p1->p_startcopy,
(unsigned) ((char *)&p2->p_endcopy - (char *)&p2->p_startcopy));
TAILQ_INIT(&p2->p_sigpend.sp_info);
LIST_INIT(&p2->p_lwps);
LIST_INIT(&p2->p_sigwaiters);
/*
* Duplicate sub-structures as needed.
* Increase reference counts on shared objects.
* Inherit flags we want to keep. The flags related to SIGCHLD
* handling are important in order to keep a consistent behaviour
* for the child after the fork. If we are a 32-bit process, the
* child will be too.
*/
p2->p_flag =
p1->p_flag & (PK_SUGID | PK_NOCLDWAIT | PK_CLDSIGIGN | PK_32);
p2->p_emul = p1->p_emul;
p2->p_execsw = p1->p_execsw;
if (flags & FORK_SYSTEM) {
/*
* Mark it as a system process. Set P_NOCLDWAIT so that
* children are reparented to init(8) when they exit.
* init(8) can easily wait them out for us.
*/
p2->p_flag |= (PK_SYSTEM | PK_NOCLDWAIT);
}
mutex_init(&p2->p_stmutex, MUTEX_DEFAULT, IPL_HIGH);
mutex_init(&p2->p_auxlock, MUTEX_DEFAULT, IPL_NONE);
rw_init(&p2->p_reflock);
cv_init(&p2->p_waitcv, "wait");
cv_init(&p2->p_lwpcv, "lwpwait");
/*
* Share a lock between the processes if they are to share signal
* state: we must synchronize access to it.
*/
if (flags & FORK_SHARESIGS) {
p2->p_lock = p1->p_lock;
mutex_obj_hold(p1->p_lock);
} else
p2->p_lock = mutex_obj_alloc(MUTEX_DEFAULT, IPL_NONE);
kauth_proc_fork(p1, p2);
p2->p_raslist = NULL;
#if defined(__HAVE_RAS)
ras_fork(p1, p2);
#endif
/* bump references to the text vnode (for procfs) */
p2->p_textvp = p1->p_textvp;
if (p2->p_textvp)
vref(p2->p_textvp);
if (flags & FORK_SHAREFILES)
fd_share(p2);
else if (flags & FORK_CLEANFILES)
p2->p_fd = fd_init(NULL);
else
p2->p_fd = fd_copy();
/* XXX racy */
p2->p_mqueue_cnt = p1->p_mqueue_cnt;
if (flags & FORK_SHARECWD)
cwdshare(p2);
else
p2->p_cwdi = cwdinit();
/*
* Note: p_limit (rlimit stuff) is copy-on-write, so normally
* we just need increase pl_refcnt.
*/
p1_lim = p1->p_limit;
if (!p1_lim->pl_writeable) {
lim_addref(p1_lim);
p2->p_limit = p1_lim;
} else {
p2->p_limit = lim_copy(p1_lim);
}
if (flags & FORK_PPWAIT) {
/* Mark ourselves as waiting for a child. */
l1->l_pflag |= LP_VFORKWAIT;
p2->p_lflag = PL_PPWAIT;
p2->p_vforklwp = l1;
} else {
p2->p_lflag = 0;
}
p2->p_sflag = 0;
p2->p_slflag = 0;
parent = (flags & FORK_NOWAIT) ? initproc : p1;
p2->p_pptr = parent;
p2->p_ppid = parent->p_pid;
LIST_INIT(&p2->p_children);
p2->p_aio = NULL;
#ifdef KTRACE
/*
* Copy traceflag and tracefile if enabled.
* If not inherited, these were zeroed above.
*/
if (p1->p_traceflag & KTRFAC_INHERIT) {
mutex_enter(&ktrace_lock);
p2->p_traceflag = p1->p_traceflag;
if ((p2->p_tracep = p1->p_tracep) != NULL)
ktradref(p2);
mutex_exit(&ktrace_lock);
}
#endif
/*
* Create signal actions for the child process.
*/
p2->p_sigacts = sigactsinit(p1, flags & FORK_SHARESIGS);
mutex_enter(p1->p_lock);
p2->p_sflag |=
(p1->p_sflag & (PS_STOPFORK | PS_STOPEXEC | PS_NOCLDSTOP));
sched_proc_fork(p1, p2);
mutex_exit(p1->p_lock);
p2->p_stflag = p1->p_stflag;
/*
* p_stats.
* Copy parts of p_stats, and zero out the rest.
*/
p2->p_stats = pstatscopy(p1->p_stats);
/*
* Set up the new process address space.
*/
uvm_proc_fork(p1, p2, (flags & FORK_SHAREVM) ? true : false);
/*
* Finish creating the child process.
* It will return through a different path later.
*/
lwp_create(l1, p2, uaddr, (flags & FORK_PPWAIT) ? LWP_VFORK : 0,
stack, stacksize, (func != NULL) ? func : child_return, arg, &l2,
l1->l_class);
/*
* Inherit l_private from the parent.
* Note that we cannot use lwp_setprivate() here since that
* also sets the CPU TLS register, which is incorrect if the
* process has changed that without letting the kernel know.
*/
l2->l_private = l1->l_private;
/*
* If emulation has a process fork hook, call it now.
*/
if (p2->p_emul->e_proc_fork)
(*p2->p_emul->e_proc_fork)(p2, l1, flags);
/*
* ...and finally, any other random fork hooks that subsystems
* might have registered.
*/
doforkhooks(p2, p1);
SDT_PROBE(proc,,,create, p2, p1, flags, 0, 0);
/*
* It's now safe for the scheduler and other processes to see the
* child process.
*/
mutex_enter(proc_lock);
if (p1->p_session->s_ttyvp != NULL && p1->p_lflag & PL_CONTROLT)
p2->p_lflag |= PL_CONTROLT;
LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&parent->p_children, p2, p_sibling);
p2->p_exitsig = exitsig; /* signal for parent on exit */
/*
* We don't want to tracefork vfork()ed processes because they
* will not receive the SIGTRAP until it is too late.
*/
tracefork = (p1->p_slflag & (PSL_TRACEFORK|PSL_TRACED)) ==
(PSL_TRACEFORK|PSL_TRACED) && (flags && FORK_PPWAIT) == 0;
if (tracefork) {
p2->p_slflag |= PSL_TRACED;
p2->p_opptr = p2->p_pptr;
if (p2->p_pptr != p1->p_pptr) {
struct proc *parent1 = p2->p_pptr;
if (parent1->p_lock < p2->p_lock) {
if (!mutex_tryenter(parent1->p_lock)) {
mutex_exit(p2->p_lock);
mutex_enter(parent1->p_lock);
}
} else if (parent1->p_lock > p2->p_lock) {
mutex_enter(parent1->p_lock);
}
parent1->p_slflag |= PSL_CHTRACED;
proc_reparent(p2, p1->p_pptr);
if (parent1->p_lock != p2->p_lock)
mutex_exit(parent1->p_lock);
}
/*
* Set ptrace status.
*/
p1->p_fpid = p2->p_pid;
p2->p_fpid = p1->p_pid;
}
LIST_INSERT_AFTER(p1, p2, p_pglist);
LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&allproc, p2, p_list);
p2->p_trace_enabled = trace_is_enabled(p2);
#ifdef __HAVE_SYSCALL_INTERN
(*p2->p_emul->e_syscall_intern)(p2);
#endif
/*
* Update stats now that we know the fork was successful.
*/
uvmexp.forks++;
if (flags & FORK_PPWAIT)
uvmexp.forks_ppwait++;
if (flags & FORK_SHAREVM)
uvmexp.forks_sharevm++;
/*
* Pass a pointer to the new process to the caller.
*/
if (rnewprocp != NULL)
*rnewprocp = p2;
if (ktrpoint(KTR_EMUL))
p2->p_traceflag |= KTRFAC_TRC_EMUL;
/*
* Notify any interested parties about the new process.
*/
if (!SLIST_EMPTY(&p1->p_klist)) {
mutex_exit(proc_lock);
KNOTE(&p1->p_klist, NOTE_FORK | p2->p_pid);
mutex_enter(proc_lock);
}
/*
* Make child runnable, set start time, and add to run queue except
* if the parent requested the child to start in SSTOP state.
*/
mutex_enter(p2->p_lock);
/*
* Start profiling.
*/
if ((p2->p_stflag & PST_PROFIL) != 0) {
mutex_spin_enter(&p2->p_stmutex);
startprofclock(p2);
mutex_spin_exit(&p2->p_stmutex);
}
getmicrotime(&p2->p_stats->p_start);
p2->p_acflag = AFORK;
lwp_lock(l2);
KASSERT(p2->p_nrlwps == 1);
if (p2->p_sflag & PS_STOPFORK) {
struct schedstate_percpu *spc = &l2->l_cpu->ci_schedstate;
p2->p_nrlwps = 0;
p2->p_stat = SSTOP;
p2->p_waited = 0;
p1->p_nstopchild++;
l2->l_stat = LSSTOP;
KASSERT(l2->l_wchan == NULL);
lwp_unlock_to(l2, spc->spc_lwplock);
} else {
p2->p_nrlwps = 1;
p2->p_stat = SACTIVE;
l2->l_stat = LSRUN;
sched_enqueue(l2, false);
lwp_unlock(l2);
}
/*
* Return child pid to parent process,
* marking us as parent via retval[1].
*/
if (retval != NULL) {
retval[0] = p2->p_pid;
retval[1] = 0;
}
mutex_exit(p2->p_lock);
/*
* Preserve synchronization semantics of vfork. If waiting for
* child to exec or exit, sleep until it clears LP_VFORKWAIT.
*/
#if 0
while (l1->l_pflag & LP_VFORKWAIT) {
cv_wait(&l1->l_waitcv, proc_lock);
}
#else
while (p2->p_lflag & PL_PPWAIT)
cv_wait(&p1->p_waitcv, proc_lock);
#endif
/*
* Let the parent know that we are tracing its child.
*/
if (tracefork) {
ksiginfo_t ksi;
KSI_INIT_EMPTY(&ksi);
ksi.ksi_signo = SIGTRAP;
ksi.ksi_lid = l1->l_lid;
kpsignal(p1, &ksi, NULL);
}
mutex_exit(proc_lock);
return 0;
}
int
fork1(struct proc *p1, int exitsig, int flags, void *stack, size_t stacksize,
void (*func)(void *), void *arg, register_t *retval,
struct proc **rnewprocp)
{
struct proc *p2;
uid_t uid;
struct vmspace *vm;
int count;
vaddr_t uaddr;
int s;
extern void endtsleep(void *);
extern void realitexpire(void *);
/*
* Although process entries are dynamically created, we still keep
* a global limit on the maximum number we will create. We reserve
* the last 5 processes to root. The variable nprocs is the current
* number of processes, maxproc is the limit.
*/
uid = p1->p_cred->p_ruid;
if ((nprocs >= maxproc - 5 && uid != 0) || nprocs >= maxproc) {
static struct timeval lasttfm;
if (ratecheck(&lasttfm, &fork_tfmrate))
tablefull("proc");
return (EAGAIN);
}
nprocs++;
/*
* Increment the count of procs running with this uid. Don't allow
* a nonprivileged user to exceed their current limit.
*/
count = chgproccnt(uid, 1);
if (uid != 0 && count > p1->p_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC].rlim_cur) {
(void)chgproccnt(uid, -1);
nprocs--;
return (EAGAIN);
}
uaddr = uvm_km_alloc1(kernel_map, USPACE, USPACE_ALIGN, 1);
if (uaddr == 0) {
chgproccnt(uid, -1);
nprocs--;
return (ENOMEM);
}
/*
* From now on, we're committed to the fork and cannot fail.
*/
/* Allocate new proc. */
p2 = pool_get(&proc_pool, PR_WAITOK);
p2->p_stat = SIDL; /* protect against others */
p2->p_exitsig = exitsig;
p2->p_forw = p2->p_back = NULL;
#ifdef RTHREADS
if (flags & FORK_THREAD) {
atomic_setbits_int(&p2->p_flag, P_THREAD);
p2->p_p = p1->p_p;
TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&p2->p_p->ps_threads, p2, p_thr_link);
} else {
process_new(p2, p1);
}
#else
process_new(p2, p1);
#endif
/*
* Make a proc table entry for the new process.
* Start by zeroing the section of proc that is zero-initialized,
* then copy the section that is copied directly from the parent.
*/
bzero(&p2->p_startzero,
(unsigned) ((caddr_t)&p2->p_endzero - (caddr_t)&p2->p_startzero));
bcopy(&p1->p_startcopy, &p2->p_startcopy,
(unsigned) ((caddr_t)&p2->p_endcopy - (caddr_t)&p2->p_startcopy));
/*
* Initialize the timeouts.
*/
timeout_set(&p2->p_sleep_to, endtsleep, p2);
timeout_set(&p2->p_realit_to, realitexpire, p2);
#if defined(__HAVE_CPUINFO)
p2->p_cpu = p1->p_cpu;
#endif
/*
* Duplicate sub-structures as needed.
* Increase reference counts on shared objects.
* The p_stats and p_sigacts substructs are set in vm_fork.
*/
p2->p_flag = 0;
p2->p_emul = p1->p_emul;
if (p1->p_flag & P_PROFIL)
startprofclock(p2);
atomic_setbits_int(&p2->p_flag, p1->p_flag & (P_SUGID | P_SUGIDEXEC));
if (flags & FORK_PTRACE)
atomic_setbits_int(&p2->p_flag, p1->p_flag & P_TRACED);
#ifdef RTHREADS
if (flags & FORK_THREAD) {
/* nothing */
} else
#endif
{
p2->p_p->ps_cred = pool_get(&pcred_pool, PR_WAITOK);
bcopy(p1->p_p->ps_cred, p2->p_p->ps_cred, sizeof(*p2->p_p->ps_cred));
p2->p_p->ps_cred->p_refcnt = 1;
crhold(p1->p_ucred);
}
TAILQ_INIT(&p2->p_selects);
/* bump references to the text vnode (for procfs) */
p2->p_textvp = p1->p_textvp;
if (p2->p_textvp)
VREF(p2->p_textvp);
if (flags & FORK_CLEANFILES)
p2->p_fd = fdinit(p1);
else if (flags & FORK_SHAREFILES)
p2->p_fd = fdshare(p1);
else
p2->p_fd = fdcopy(p1);
/*
* If ps_limit is still copy-on-write, bump refcnt,
* otherwise get a copy that won't be modified.
* (If PL_SHAREMOD is clear, the structure is shared
* copy-on-write.)
*/
#ifdef RTHREADS
if (flags & FORK_THREAD) {
/* nothing */
} else
#endif
{
if (p1->p_p->ps_limit->p_lflags & PL_SHAREMOD)
p2->p_p->ps_limit = limcopy(p1->p_p->ps_limit);
else {
p2->p_p->ps_limit = p1->p_p->ps_limit;
p2->p_p->ps_limit->p_refcnt++;
}
}
if (p1->p_session->s_ttyvp != NULL && p1->p_flag & P_CONTROLT)
atomic_setbits_int(&p2->p_flag, P_CONTROLT);
if (flags & FORK_PPWAIT)
atomic_setbits_int(&p2->p_flag, P_PPWAIT);
p2->p_pptr = p1;
if (flags & FORK_NOZOMBIE)
atomic_setbits_int(&p2->p_flag, P_NOZOMBIE);
LIST_INIT(&p2->p_children);
#ifdef KTRACE
/*
* Copy traceflag and tracefile if enabled.
* If not inherited, these were zeroed above.
*/
if (p1->p_traceflag & KTRFAC_INHERIT) {
p2->p_traceflag = p1->p_traceflag;
if ((p2->p_tracep = p1->p_tracep) != NULL)
VREF(p2->p_tracep);
}
#endif
/*
* set priority of child to be that of parent
* XXX should move p_estcpu into the region of struct proc which gets
* copied.
*/
scheduler_fork_hook(p1, p2);
/*
* Create signal actions for the child process.
*/
if (flags & FORK_SIGHAND)
sigactsshare(p1, p2);
else
p2->p_sigacts = sigactsinit(p1);
/*
* If emulation has process fork hook, call it now.
*/
if (p2->p_emul->e_proc_fork)
(*p2->p_emul->e_proc_fork)(p2, p1);
p2->p_addr = (struct user *)uaddr;
/*
* Finish creating the child process. It will return through a
* different path later.
*/
uvm_fork(p1, p2, ((flags & FORK_SHAREVM) ? TRUE : FALSE), stack,
stacksize, func ? func : child_return, arg ? arg : p2);
timeout_set(&p2->p_stats->p_virt_to, virttimer_trampoline, p2);
timeout_set(&p2->p_stats->p_prof_to, proftimer_trampoline, p2);
vm = p2->p_vmspace;
if (flags & FORK_FORK) {
forkstat.cntfork++;
forkstat.sizfork += vm->vm_dsize + vm->vm_ssize;
} else if (flags & FORK_VFORK) {
forkstat.cntvfork++;
forkstat.sizvfork += vm->vm_dsize + vm->vm_ssize;
} else if (flags & FORK_RFORK) {
forkstat.cntrfork++;
forkstat.sizrfork += vm->vm_dsize + vm->vm_ssize;
} else {
forkstat.cntkthread++;
forkstat.sizkthread += vm->vm_dsize + vm->vm_ssize;
}
/* Find an unused pid satisfying 1 <= lastpid <= PID_MAX */
do {
lastpid = 1 + (randompid ? arc4random() : lastpid) % PID_MAX;
} while (pidtaken(lastpid));
p2->p_pid = lastpid;
LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&allproc, p2, p_list);
LIST_INSERT_HEAD(PIDHASH(p2->p_pid), p2, p_hash);
LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&p1->p_children, p2, p_sibling);
LIST_INSERT_AFTER(p1, p2, p_pglist);
if (p2->p_flag & P_TRACED) {
p2->p_oppid = p1->p_pid;
if (p2->p_pptr != p1->p_pptr)
proc_reparent(p2, p1->p_pptr);
/*
* Set ptrace status.
*/
if (flags & FORK_FORK) {
p2->p_ptstat = malloc(sizeof(*p2->p_ptstat),
M_SUBPROC, M_WAITOK);
p1->p_ptstat->pe_report_event = PTRACE_FORK;
p2->p_ptstat->pe_report_event = PTRACE_FORK;
p1->p_ptstat->pe_other_pid = p2->p_pid;
p2->p_ptstat->pe_other_pid = p1->p_pid;
}
}
#if NSYSTRACE > 0
if (ISSET(p1->p_flag, P_SYSTRACE))
systrace_fork(p1, p2);
#endif
/*
* Make child runnable, set start time, and add to run queue.
*/
SCHED_LOCK(s);
getmicrotime(&p2->p_stats->p_start);
p2->p_acflag = AFORK;
p2->p_stat = SRUN;
setrunqueue(p2);
SCHED_UNLOCK(s);
/*
* Notify any interested parties about the new process.
*/
KNOTE(&p1->p_klist, NOTE_FORK | p2->p_pid);
/*
* Update stats now that we know the fork was successfull.
*/
uvmexp.forks++;
if (flags & FORK_PPWAIT)
uvmexp.forks_ppwait++;
if (flags & FORK_SHAREVM)
uvmexp.forks_sharevm++;
/*
* Pass a pointer to the new process to the caller.
*/
if (rnewprocp != NULL)
*rnewprocp = p2;
/*
* Preserve synchronization semantics of vfork. If waiting for
* child to exec or exit, set P_PPWAIT on child, and sleep on our
* proc (in case of exit).
*/
if (flags & FORK_PPWAIT)
while (p2->p_flag & P_PPWAIT)
tsleep(p1, PWAIT, "ppwait", 0);
/*
* If we're tracing the child, alert the parent too.
*/
if ((flags & FORK_PTRACE) && (p1->p_flag & P_TRACED))
psignal(p1, SIGTRAP);
/*
* Return child pid to parent process,
* marking us as parent via retval[1].
*/
if (retval != NULL) {
retval[0] = p2->p_pid;
retval[1] = 0;
}
return (0);
}
