//Solves the linear system Ax = b and returns x, where A and b are known and A
//is square. A and b are complex.
double complex * c_solve(double complex **A, double complex *b, int N)
{
int i, j, k, p;
double complex m, sum = 0., temp, *x, **B;
B = c_allocmatrix(N, N);
x = (double complex *) malloc (N * sizeof(double complex));
for(i = 0; i < N; i++)
{
x[i] = b[i];
for(j = 0; j < N; j++)
{
B[i][j] = A[i][j];
}
}
for(j = 0; j<N-1; j++)
{
p = c_pivot_row(B, N, N, j, j);
c_rowswap(B, p, j);
temp = x[p];
x[p] = x[j];
x[j] = temp;
for(i = j+1; i<N; i++)
{
if (B[j][j] == 0.)
throwErr("Singular Matrix", "c_solve");
if (B[i][j] != 0.)
{
m = B[i][j] / B[j][j];
m *= -1.;
//B[i] += m * B[j]
for (k = 0; k < N; k++)
B[i][k] += m * B[j][k];
x[i] += m * x[j];
}
}
}
x[N-1] /= B[N-1][N-1];
for(i=N-2;i>=0; i--)
{
for(j=i+1; j<N; j++)
sum += B[i][j] * x[j];
x[i] = (x[i] - sum) / B[i][i];
sum = 0.;
}
for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
free(B[i]);
free(B);
return x;
}
// Computes the condition number of complex N x N matrix A.
// The condition number is defined as the ratio of the largest to the smallest
// singular values. Uses LAPACK.
// Note: may need to append _ to name of LAPACK functions.
double ccondit_num (double complex **A, int N)
{
double complex *a, *cwork = NULL;
double kappa, rcond, anorm;
double *rwork = NULL;
char NORM = '1';
int info;
// Convert A for LAPACK functions
a = cmat_to_fortran (A, N, N);
// Allocate work, rwork for zgecon (work is not used in anorm with NORM='1')
cwork = c_allocvector (2 * N);
if (cwork == NULL) throwMemErr ("cwork", "ccondit_num");
rwork = allocvector (2 * N);
if (rwork == NULL) throwMemErr ("rwork", "ccondit_num");
// Compute 1-norm of A
anorm = zlange_ (&NORM, &N, &N, a, &N, rwork);
// Compute reciprocal of condition number
zgecon_ (&NORM, &N, a, &N, &anorm, &rcond, cwork, rwork, &info);
kappa = 1. / rcond;
if (info != 0)
throwErr ("Illegal argument to zgecon", "ccondit_num");
free (a);
free (cwork);
free (rwork);
return kappa;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Prints a chart of strategies to a .tex file.
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void printChart (Strategy **chart, const char *filename, int showWinPct,
int MAKE_SIMPLE_CHART)
{
FILE *file = NULL;
int i, j;
file = fopen(filename, "w");
if (file == NULL) throwErr("File could not be opened.", "printChart");
fprintf(file, "\\documentclass{article}\n\n");
fprintf(file, "\\usepackage{amsmath, amssymb}\n");
fprintf(file, "\\pagenumbering{gobble}\n\n");
fprintf(file, "\\addtolength{\\oddsidemargin}{-.5in}\n");
fprintf(file, "\\addtolength{\\evensidemargin}{-.5in}\n");
fprintf(file, "\\addtolength{\\textwidth}{1in}\n");
fprintf(file, "\\addtolength{\\topmargin}{-1.5in}\n");
fprintf(file, "\\addtolength{\\textheight}{2.3in}\n\n");
fprintf(file, "\\begin{document}\n\n\\begin{center}\n\\begin{large}\n");
fprintf(file, "Blackjack Strategy\n\\end{large}\n\\end{center}\n\n");
fprintf(file, "\\begin{small}\n");
fprintf(file, "\\begin{center}\n\\emph{Dealer's up card}\n\\end{center}\n\n");
fprintf(file, "\\begin{tabular}{");
for (j = 0; j <= NUM_CARDS; j++)
fprintf(file, "c|");
fprintf(file, "}\n");
for (j = 2; j <= NUM_CARDS; j++)
fprintf(file, "& %d ", j);
fprintf(file, "& A \\\\\n"); //Note: Ace is printed on the *right* side
//Print the hands in the following order: 5 - 21, soft 13 - bust, AA, 22,
//then 3,3 - 10,10.
for (i = FIVE; i <= TWENTYONE; i++)
printHand(i, chart, showWinPct, file);
for (i = SOFT_THIRTEEN; i <= BUST; i++)
printHand(i, chart, showWinPct, file);
if (!(MAKE_SIMPLE_CHART))
{
printHand(SOFT_TWELVE, chart, showWinPct, file);
printHand(FOUR, chart, showWinPct, file);
for (i = THREES; i <= TENS; i++)
printHand(i, chart, showWinPct, file);
}
fprintf(file, "\\hline\n\\end{tabular}\n\n");
fprintf(file, "\\end{small}\n\n");
fprintf(file, "\\vspace{.1in}\n");
fprintf(file, "\\noindent KEY:\\\\\nH: Hit\\quad S: Stand\\quad DD: ");
fprintf(file, "Double down\\quad SPL: Split\\\\\n");
fprintf(file, "X/Y: X\\%% chance of winning, Y\\%% chance of losing. "
"(May not add up to 100 due to pushes. For splits, this is the");
fprintf(file, " probability of winning each of the two split hands.)\n\n");
fprintf(file, "\\end{document}\n");
fclose(file);
}
void CEgIStream::ResetBuf() {
throwErr( cNoErr );
mIsTied = false;
mNextPtr = getCStr();
mBufPos = 0;
mPos = 0;
}
boost::iostreams::stream_offset VFileDevice::seek(
boost::iostreams::stream_offset off, std::ios_base::seekdir way)
{
sf::Int64 from;
if (way == std::ios_base::beg)
from = 0;
else if (way == std::ios_base::cur)
from = m_f.tell();
else if (way == std::ios_base::end)
from = m_f.getSize();
else
throw std::invalid_argument("invalid seekdir");
throwErr();
sf::Int64 const result = m_f.seek(from + off);
throwErr();
return result;
}
void CEgIStream::fillBuf() {
long bytes = mReadBufSize;
Dim( bytes );
mNextPtr = getCStr();
mBufPos = mPos;
if ( long(length()) < bytes ) // Verify that we dimmed ok
bytes = length();
fillBlock( mPos, getCStr(), bytes );
if ( bytes <= 0 )
throwErr( cEOSErr );
mStrLen = bytes; // Our str len could have only gotten shorter
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Prints a Latex chart of the results of running simulations of each possible
// hand.
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void printSimsChart (HandSim **simsChart, Strategy **chart,
const char *filename, int nsims)
{
FILE *file = NULL;
int i, j;
file = fopen(filename, "w");
if (file == NULL) throwErr("File could not be opened.", "printChart");
fprintf(file, "\\documentclass{article}\n\n");
fprintf(file, "\\usepackage{amsmath, amssymb, color}\n");
fprintf(file, "\\pagenumbering{gobble}\n\n");
fprintf(file, "\\addtolength{\\oddsidemargin}{-.5in}\n");
fprintf(file, "\\addtolength{\\evensidemargin}{-.5in}\n");
fprintf(file, "\\addtolength{\\textwidth}{1in}\n");
fprintf(file, "\\addtolength{\\topmargin}{-1.5in}\n");
fprintf(file, "\\addtolength{\\textheight}{2.3in}\n\n");
fprintf(file, "\\begin{document}\n\n\\begin{center}\n\\begin{large}\n");
fprintf(file, "Blackjack Strategy\n\\end{large}\n\\end{center}\n\n");
fprintf(file, "\\begin{small}\n");
fprintf(file, "\\begin{center}\n\\emph{Dealer's up card}\n\\end{center}\n\n");
fprintf(file, "\\begin{tabular}{");
for (j = 0; j <= NUM_CARDS; j++)
fprintf(file, "c|");
fprintf(file, "}\n");
for (j = 2; j <= NUM_CARDS; j++)
fprintf(file, "& %d ", j);
fprintf(file, "& A \\\\\n"); //Note: Ace is printed on the *right* side
//Print the hands in the following order: 5 - 21, soft 13 - bust, AA, 22,
//then 3,3 - 10,10.
for (i = FIVE; i <= TWENTYONE; i++)
printHandSims(i, simsChart, chart, file, nsims);
for (i = SOFT_THIRTEEN; i <= BUST; i++)
printHandSims(i, simsChart, chart, file, nsims);
printHandSims(SOFT_TWELVE, simsChart, chart, file, nsims);
printHandSims(FOUR, simsChart, chart, file, nsims);
for (i = THREES; i <= TENS; i++)
printHandSims(i, simsChart, chart, file, nsims);
fprintf(file, "\\hline\n\\end{tabular}\n\n");
fprintf(file, "\\end{small}\n\n");
fprintf(file, "\\end{document}\n");
fclose(file);
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Returns the symbol (H, S, DD, SP) corresponding to the given action.
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
char * actionSymbol (int action)
{
if (action == STAND)
return "S";
else if (action == HIT)
return "H";
else if (action == SPLIT)
return "SPL";
else if (action == DOUBLE_DOWN)
return "DD";
else
{
throwErr("Unknown action", "actionSymbol");
return "";
}
}
Boolean XWinLibrary::Load( const VFilePath &inPath)
{
VFilePath executablePath;
if (_BuildExecutablePath( inPath, executablePath))
{
fInstance = ::LoadLibraryExW( executablePath.GetPath().GetCPointer(), NULL, 0);
}
if (fInstance == NULL)
{
XBOX::VString path( executablePath.GetPath());
DebugMsg("VComponentManager erreur load %V\n", &path);
StThrowFileError throwErr( inPath, VE_LIBRARY_CANNOT_LOAD, ::GetLastError());
fInstance = NULL;
}
return fInstance != NULL;
}
unsigned char CEgIStream::PeekByte() {
register unsigned char c;
if ( mIsTied ) {
if ( mPos != 0 )
c = *((unsigned char*) mNextPtr); }
else if ( mPos < long(mBufPos + mStrLen) && mPos >= mBufPos )
c = *((unsigned char*) mNextPtr);
else if ( noErr() ) {
fillBuf();
if ( noErr() )
c = PeekByte();
else
throwErr( cNoErr );
}
return c;
}
void CEgIStream::Tie( const char* inSrce, long inNumBytes ) {
throwErr( cNoErr );
mIsTied = true;
mPos = - inNumBytes; // When mPos reaches zero, we're at tied end of stream
mNextPtr = inSrce; // Set up our data ptr
// If -1 was passed in thru inNumBytes, must calc the length of the C str.
if ( inNumBytes < 0 ) {
mPos = 0;
while ( *inSrce ) {
mPos--;
inSrce++;
}
}
if ( ! mNextPtr )
mPos = 0;
}
long CEgIStream::GetBlock( void* destPtr, unsigned long inBytes ) {
long bytesRead = inBytes;
if ( mIsTied ) {
if ( - mPos >= long(inBytes) )
UtilStr::Move( destPtr, mNextPtr, bytesRead );
else {
bytesRead = 0;
throwErr( cTiedEOS );
} }
else if ( mPos >= mBufPos && mPos + bytesRead <= long(mBufPos + mStrLen) )
UtilStr::Move( destPtr, mNextPtr, bytesRead );
else
fillBlock( mPos, destPtr, bytesRead );
mPos += bytesRead;
mNextPtr += bytesRead;
return bytesRead;
}
unsigned char CEgIStream::GetByte() {
register unsigned char c;
if ( mIsTied ) {
if ( mPos != 0 ) {
c = *((unsigned char*) mNextPtr);
mNextPtr++;
mPos++; }
else
throwErr( cTiedEOS ); }
else if ( mPos < long(mBufPos + mStrLen) && mPos >= mBufPos ) {
c = *((unsigned char*) mNextPtr);
mNextPtr++;
mPos++; }
else if ( noErr() ) {
fillBuf();
c = GetByte();
}
return c;
}
//Runs Monte Carlo simulations to test the strategy
void run_sims ()
{
//File name to print chart to
const char *filename = "Simulations chart.tex";
//Number of simulations to run for each combination of hand and up card (to
//start with; user may add more simulations during the running of the
//program)
const int N_SIMS = 1000;
Strategy **chart = NULL;
HandSim **simsChart;
int i, j;
int N; //number of simulations to run
int n; //number that have been completed
int m; //number of additional sims to run
int info;
//First, compute the strategy chart in the same way as bj_strat.c.
//chart is a NUM_HANDS by NUM_CARDS+1 matrix, with entry i,j being hands[i]
//and the card with face value j.
chart = (Strategy **) malloc(NUM_HANDS * sizeof(Strategy *));
for (i = 0; i < NUM_HANDS; i++)
chart[i] = (Strategy *) malloc((NUM_CARDS+1) * sizeof(Strategy));
if (chart == NULL) throwMemErr("chart", "main");
//Make vector of possible hands
makeHands();
//Make matrix of dealer's probabilities of ending up with a given total given
//each given up card
dealersProbabilities = makeDealersProbabilities();
//Compute optimal strategy for each combination of player's hand and
//dealer's up card
calculateStrategyChart (chart, FALSE);
simsChart = initializeSimsChart();
n = 0;
N = N_SIMS;
while (n < N)
{
for (i = 0; i < NUM_HANDS; i++) //i = player's hand
{
if (!(hands[i].isObvious))
{
for (j = 1; j <= NUM_CARDS; j++) //j = up card
{
runSims (simsChart, chart, i, j, N - n);
}
}
printf("Finished running simulations for hand %d of %d.\n",
i + 1, NUM_HANDS);
}
n = N;
//Print chart to Latex
printSimsChart (simsChart, chart, filename, n);
printf("Completed %d simulations for each hand. Maximum error: %.0f%%."
"\nHow many more simulations would you like to run? (Enter N=0 to "
"finish.)\nN = ", n, fmax(getMaxWinErr(chart, simsChart, n),
getMaxLossErr(chart, simsChart, n)));
info = scanf("%d", &m);
if (info != 1) throwErr("Error with scanf", "run_sims");
printf("\n");
N += m;
}
freematrix(dealersProbabilities, NUM_CARDS+1);
for (i = 0; i < NUM_HANDS; i++)
free(chart[i]);
free(chart);
for (i = 0; i < NUM_HANDS; i++)
free(simsChart[i]);
free(simsChart);
}
std::streamsize VFileDevice::write(char const* s, std::streamsize n)
{
sf::Int64 const result = m_f.write(s, n);
throwErr();
return result;
}
std::streamsize VFileDevice::read(char* s, std::streamsize n)
{
sf::Int64 const result = m_f.read(s, n);
throwErr();
return result;
}
VFileDevice::VFileDevice(VFile& f):
m_f(f)
{
throwErr();
}