// Sample Method Definitions
Sample::Sample(SurfaceIntegrator *surf,
VolumeIntegrator *vol, const Scene *scene) {
surf->RequestSamples(this, scene);
vol->RequestSamples(this, scene);
// Allocate storage for sample pointers
int nPtrs = n1D.size() + n2D.size();
if (!nPtrs) {
oneD = twoD = NULL;
return;
}
oneD = (float **)AllocAligned(nPtrs * sizeof(float *));
twoD = oneD + n1D.size();
// Compute total number of sample values needed
int totSamples = 0;
for (u_int i = 0; i < n1D.size(); ++i)
totSamples += n1D[i];
for (u_int i = 0; i < n2D.size(); ++i)
totSamples += 2 * n2D[i];
// Allocate storage for sample values
float *mem = (float *)AllocAligned(totSamples *
sizeof(float));
for (u_int i = 0; i < n1D.size(); ++i) {
oneD[i] = mem;
mem += n1D[i];
}
for (u_int i = 0; i < n2D.size(); ++i) {
twoD[i] = mem;
mem += 2 * n2D[i];
}
}
RandomSampler::RandomSampler(int xstart, int xend,
int ystart, int yend, int xs, int ys)
: Sampler(xstart, xend, ystart, yend, xs * ys) {
xPos = xPixelStart;
yPos = yPixelStart;
xPixelSamples = xs;
yPixelSamples = ys;
// Get storage for a pixel's worth of stratified samples
imageSamples = (float *)AllocAligned(5 * xPixelSamples *
yPixelSamples * sizeof(float));
lensSamples = imageSamples +
2 * xPixelSamples * yPixelSamples;
timeSamples = lensSamples +
2 * xPixelSamples * yPixelSamples;
for (int i = 0;
i < 5 * xPixelSamples * yPixelSamples;
++i) {
imageSamples[i] = RandomFloat();
}
// Shift image samples to pixel coordinates
for (int o = 0;
o < 2 * xPixelSamples * yPixelSamples;
o += 2) {
imageSamples[o] += xPos;
imageSamples[o+1] += yPos;
}
samplePos = 0;
}
// KdTreeAccel Method Definitions
KdTreeAccel::
KdTreeAccel(const vector<Reference<Primitive> > &p,
int icost, int tcost,
float ebonus, int maxp, int maxDepth)
: isectCost(icost), traversalCost(tcost),
maxPrims(maxp), emptyBonus(ebonus) {
vector<Reference<Primitive > > prims;
for (u_int i = 0; i < p.size(); ++i)
p[i]->FullyRefine(prims);
// Initialize mailboxes for _KdTreeAccel_
curMailboxId = 0;
nMailboxes = prims.size();
mailboxPrims = (MailboxPrim *)AllocAligned(nMailboxes *
sizeof(MailboxPrim));
for (u_int i = 0; i < nMailboxes; ++i)
new (&mailboxPrims[i]) MailboxPrim(prims[i]);
// Build kd-tree for accelerator
nextFreeNode = nAllocedNodes = 0;
if (maxDepth <= 0)
maxDepth =
Round2Int(8 + 1.3f * Log2Int(float(prims.size())));
// Compute bounds for kd-tree construction
vector<BBox> primBounds;
primBounds.reserve(prims.size());
for (u_int i = 0; i < prims.size(); ++i) {
BBox b = prims[i]->WorldBound();
bounds = Union(bounds, b);
primBounds.push_back(b);
}
// Allocate working memory for kd-tree construction
BoundEdge *edges[3];
for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
edges[i] = new BoundEdge[2*prims.size()];
int *prims0 = new int[prims.size()];
int *prims1 = new int[(maxDepth+1) * prims.size()];
// Initialize _primNums_ for kd-tree construction
int *primNums = new int[prims.size()];
for (u_int i = 0; i < prims.size(); ++i)
primNums[i] = i;
// Start recursive construction of kd-tree
buildTree(0, bounds, primBounds, primNums,
prims.size(), maxDepth, edges,
prims0, prims1);
// Free working memory for kd-tree construction
delete[] primNums;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
delete[] edges[i];
delete[] prims0;
delete[] prims1;
}
// GridAccel Method Definitions
GridAccel::GridAccel(const vector<Reference<Primitive> > &p,
bool forRefined, bool refineImmediately)
: gridForRefined(forRefined) {
// Initialize _prims_ with primitives for grid
vector<Reference<Primitive> > prims;
if (refineImmediately)
for (u_int i = 0; i < p.size(); ++i)
p[i]->FullyRefine(prims);
else
prims = p;
// Initialize mailboxes for grid
nMailboxes = prims.size();
mailboxes = (MailboxPrim *)AllocAligned(nMailboxes *
sizeof(MailboxPrim));
for (u_int i = 0; i < nMailboxes; ++i)
new (&mailboxes[i]) MailboxPrim(prims[i]);
// Compute bounds and choose grid resolution
for (u_int i = 0; i < prims.size(); ++i)
bounds = Union(bounds, prims[i]->WorldBound());
Vector delta = bounds.pMax - bounds.pMin;
// Find _voxelsPerUnitDist_ for grid
int maxAxis = bounds.MaximumExtent();
float invMaxWidth = 1.f / delta[maxAxis];
Assert(invMaxWidth > 0.f); // NOBOOK
float cubeRoot = 3.f * powf(float(prims.size()), 1.f/3.f);
float voxelsPerUnitDist = cubeRoot * invMaxWidth;
for (int axis = 0; axis < 3; ++axis) {
NVoxels[axis] =
Round2Int(delta[axis] * voxelsPerUnitDist);
NVoxels[axis] = Clamp(NVoxels[axis], 1, 64);
}
// Compute voxel widths and allocate voxels
for (int axis = 0; axis < 3; ++axis) {
Width[axis] = delta[axis] / NVoxels[axis];
InvWidth[axis] =
(Width[axis] == 0.f) ? 0.f : 1.f / Width[axis];
}
int nVoxels = NVoxels[0] * NVoxels[1] * NVoxels[2];
voxels = (Voxel **)AllocAligned(nVoxels * sizeof(Voxel *));
memset(voxels, 0, nVoxels * sizeof(Voxel *));
// Add primitives to grid voxels
for (u_int i = 0; i < prims.size(); ++i) {
// Find voxel extent of primitive
BBox pb = prims[i]->WorldBound();
int vmin[3], vmax[3];
for (int axis = 0; axis < 3; ++axis) {
vmin[axis] = PosToVoxel(pb.pMin, axis);
vmax[axis] = PosToVoxel(pb.pMax, axis);
}
// Add primitive to overlapping voxels
for (int z = vmin[2]; z <= vmax[2]; ++z)
for (int y = vmin[1]; y <= vmax[1]; ++y)
for (int x = vmin[0]; x <= vmax[0]; ++x) {
int offset = Offset(x, y, z);
if (!voxels[offset]) {
// Allocate new voxel and store primitive in it
voxels[offset] = new (voxelArena) Voxel(&mailboxes[i]);
}
else {
// Add primitive to already-allocated voxel
voxels[offset]->AddPrimitive(&mailboxes[i]);
}
}
static StatsRatio nPrimitiveVoxels("Grid Accelerator", // NOBOOK
"Voxels covered vs # / primitives"); // NOBOOK
nPrimitiveVoxels.Add((1 + vmax[0]-vmin[0]) * (1 + vmax[1]-vmin[1]) * // NOBOOK
(1 + vmax[2]-vmin[2]), 1); // NOBOOK
}
// Update grid statistics
static StatsPercentage nEmptyVoxels("Grid Accelerator",
"Empty voxels");
static StatsRatio avgPrimsInVoxel("Grid Accelerator",
"Average # of primitives in voxel");
static StatsCounter maxPrimsInVoxel("Grid Accelerator",
"Max # of primitives in a grid voxel");
nEmptyVoxels.Add(0, NVoxels[0] * NVoxels[1] * NVoxels[2]);
avgPrimsInVoxel.Add(0,NVoxels[0] * NVoxels[1] * NVoxels[2]);
for (int z = 0; z < NVoxels[2]; ++z)
for (int y = 0; y < NVoxels[1]; ++y)
for (int x = 0; x < NVoxels[0]; ++x) {
int offset = Offset(x, y, z);
if (!voxels[offset]) nEmptyVoxels.Add(1, 0);
else {
int nPrims = voxels[offset]->nPrimitives;
maxPrimsInVoxel.Max(nPrims);
avgPrimsInVoxel.Add(nPrims, 0);
}
}
}
Mutex *Mutex::Create() {
int sz = sizeof(Mutex);
sz = (sz + (PBRT_L1_CACHE_LINE_SIZE-1)) & ~(PBRT_L1_CACHE_LINE_SIZE-1);
return new (AllocAligned(sz)) Mutex;
}
u32 BlockAllocator::Alloc(u32 &size, bool fromTop, const char *tag)
{
// We want to make sure it's aligned in case AllocAt() was used.
return AllocAligned(size, grain_, grain_, fromTop, tag);
}
void KdTreeAccel::buildTree(int nodeNum,
const BBox &nodeBounds,
const vector<BBox> &allPrimBounds, int *primNums,
int nPrims, int depth, BoundEdge *edges[3],
int *prims0, int *prims1, int badRefines) {
Assert(nodeNum == nextFreeNode); // NOBOOK
// Get next free node from _nodes_ array
if (nextFreeNode == nAllocedNodes) {
int nAlloc = max(2 * nAllocedNodes, 512);
KdAccelNode *n = (KdAccelNode *)AllocAligned(nAlloc *
sizeof(KdAccelNode));
if (nAllocedNodes > 0) {
memcpy(n, nodes,
nAllocedNodes * sizeof(KdAccelNode));
FreeAligned(nodes);
}
nodes = n;
nAllocedNodes = nAlloc;
}
++nextFreeNode;
// Initialize leaf node if termination criteria met
if (nPrims <= maxPrims || depth == 0) {
nodes[nodeNum].initLeaf(primNums, nPrims,
mailboxPrims, arena);
return;
}
// Initialize interior node and continue recursion
// Choose split axis position for interior node
int bestAxis = -1, bestOffset = -1;
float bestCost = INFINITY;
float oldCost = isectCost * float(nPrims);
Vector d = nodeBounds.pMax - nodeBounds.pMin;
float totalSA = (2.f * (d.x*d.y + d.x*d.z + d.y*d.z));
float invTotalSA = 1.f / totalSA;
// Choose which axis to split along
int axis;
if (d.x > d.y && d.x > d.z) axis = 0;
else axis = (d.y > d.z) ? 1 : 2;
int retries = 0;
retrySplit:
// Initialize edges for _axis_
for (int i = 0; i < nPrims; ++i) {
int pn = primNums[i];
const BBox &bbox = allPrimBounds[pn];
edges[axis][2*i] =
BoundEdge(bbox.pMin[axis], pn, true);
edges[axis][2*i+1] =
BoundEdge(bbox.pMax[axis], pn, false);
}
sort(&edges[axis][0], &edges[axis][2*nPrims]);
// Compute cost of all splits for _axis_ to find best
int nBelow = 0, nAbove = nPrims;
for (int i = 0; i < 2*nPrims; ++i) {
if (edges[axis][i].type == BoundEdge::END) --nAbove;
float edget = edges[axis][i].t;
if (edget > nodeBounds.pMin[axis] &&
edget < nodeBounds.pMax[axis]) {
// Compute cost for split at _i_th edge
int otherAxis[3][2] = { {1,2}, {0,2}, {0,1} };
int otherAxis0 = otherAxis[axis][0];
int otherAxis1 = otherAxis[axis][1];
float belowSA = 2 * (d[otherAxis0] * d[otherAxis1] +
(edget - nodeBounds.pMin[axis]) *
(d[otherAxis0] + d[otherAxis1]));
float aboveSA = 2 * (d[otherAxis0] * d[otherAxis1] +
(nodeBounds.pMax[axis] - edget) *
(d[otherAxis0] + d[otherAxis1]));
float pBelow = belowSA * invTotalSA;
float pAbove = aboveSA * invTotalSA;
float eb = (nAbove == 0 || nBelow == 0) ? emptyBonus : 0.f;
float cost = traversalCost + isectCost * (1.f - eb) *
(pBelow * nBelow + pAbove * nAbove);
// Update best split if this is lowest cost so far
if (cost < bestCost) {
bestCost = cost;
bestAxis = axis;
bestOffset = i;
}
}
if (edges[axis][i].type == BoundEdge::START) ++nBelow;
}
Assert(nBelow == nPrims && nAbove == 0); // NOBOOK
// Create leaf if no good splits were found
if (bestAxis == -1 && retries < 2) {
++retries;
axis = (axis+1) % 3;
goto retrySplit;
}
if (bestCost > oldCost) ++badRefines;
if ((bestCost > 4.f * oldCost && nPrims < 16) ||
bestAxis == -1 || badRefines == 3) {
nodes[nodeNum].initLeaf(primNums, nPrims,
mailboxPrims, arena);
return;
}
// Classify primitives with respect to split
int n0 = 0, n1 = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < bestOffset; ++i)
if (edges[bestAxis][i].type == BoundEdge::START)
prims0[n0++] = edges[bestAxis][i].primNum;
for (int i = bestOffset+1; i < 2*nPrims; ++i)
if (edges[bestAxis][i].type == BoundEdge::END)
prims1[n1++] = edges[bestAxis][i].primNum;
// Recursively initialize children nodes
float tsplit = edges[bestAxis][bestOffset].t;
nodes[nodeNum].initInterior(bestAxis, tsplit);
BBox bounds0 = nodeBounds, bounds1 = nodeBounds;
bounds0.pMax[bestAxis] = bounds1.pMin[bestAxis] = tsplit;
buildTree(nodeNum+1, bounds0,
allPrimBounds, prims0, n0, depth-1, edges,
prims0, prims1 + nPrims, badRefines);
nodes[nodeNum].aboveChild = nextFreeNode;
buildTree(nodes[nodeNum].aboveChild, bounds1, allPrimBounds,
prims1, n1, depth-1, edges,
prims0, prims1 + nPrims, badRefines);
}