void FatalError(const char * ErrorText) {
// This function outputs an error message and aborts the program.
// Important: There is no universally portable way of outputting an
// error message. You may have to modify this function to output
// the error message in a way that is appropriate for your system.
// Check if FatalAppExit exists (this macro is defined in winbase.h)
#ifdef FatalAppExit
// in Windows, use FatalAppExit:
FatalAppExit(0, ErrorText);
#else
// in console mode, print error message
printf ("\n%s\n", ErrorText);
EndOfProgram();
#endif
// Terminate program with error code
exit(1);
}
int main() {
int seed = (int)time(0); // random seed
// choose one of the random number generators:
CRandomMersenne RanGen(seed); // make instance of random number generator
int i; // loop counter
int ir; // random integer number
double fr; // random floating point number
// make random integers in interval from 0 to 99, inclusive:
printf("\n\nRandom integers in interval from 0 to 99:\n");
for (i = 0; i < 40; i++) {
ir = RanGen.IRandom(0,99);
printf ("%6i ", ir);
}
// make random floating point numbers in interval from 0 to 1:
printf("\n\nRandom floating point numbers in interval from 0 to 1:\n");
for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
fr = RanGen.Random();
printf ("%8.6f ", fr);
}
// make random bits
printf("\n\nRandom bits (hexadecimal):\n");
for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
ir = RanGen.BRandom();
printf ("%08lX ", ir);
}
EndOfProgram(); // system-specific exit code
return 0;
}
int main () {
// define constants
const int nmin = 1; // set the lowest allowed number
const int nmax = 36; // set the highest allowed number
const int select = 6; // the number of numbers to draw
int32 seed = time(0); // generate random seed
StochasticLib1 sto(seed); // make instance of random library
int urn[nmax-nmin+1]; // contains the shuffled numbers
int i; // loop counter
// Make shuffled list of numbers from nmin to nmax:
sto.Shuffle(urn, nmin, nmax-nmin+1);
// output heading text
printf("Random numbers without duplicates:\n\n");
// loop to output the first "select" numbers
for (i=0; i < select; i++) {
if (i < nmax-nmin+1) {
// output number
printf("%4i ", urn[i]);}}
EndOfProgram(); // system-specific exit code
return 0;}
int main() {
// Make an object of the template class. The names inside <> define the
// class names of the two random number generators to combine.
// Use time as seed.
int seed = (int)time(0);
int i;
// Declare object of combined generator
TRandomCombined<CRandomMersenne,CRandomMother> RG(seed);
for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
// generate 20 random floating point numbers and 20 random integers
printf("\n%14.10f %2i", RG.Random(), RG.IRandom(0,99));
}
printf("\n");
EndOfProgram();
return 0;
}
int main() {
int32 seed = time(0); // random seed
// choose one of the random number generators:
TRandomMersenne rg(seed); // make instance of random number generator
// or:
// TRanrotWGenerator rg(seed); // make instance of random number generator
// or:
// TRandomMotherOfAll rg(seed); // make instance of random number generator
int i; // loop counter
double r; // random number
int32 ir; // random integer number
// make random integers in interval from 0 to 99, inclusive:
printf("\n\nRandom integers in interval from 0 to 99:\n");
for (i=0; i<40; i++) {
ir = rg.IRandom(0,99);
printf ("%6li ", ir);
}
// make random floating point numbers in interval from 0 to 1:
printf("\n\nRandom floating point numbers in interval from 0 to 1:\n");
for (i=0; i<32; i++) {
r = rg.Random();
printf ("%8.6f ", r);
}
// make random bits (Not for TRandomMotherOfAll):
printf("\n\nRandom bits (hexadecimal):\n");
for (i=0; i<32; i++) {
ir = rg.BRandom();
printf ("%08lX ", ir);
}
EndOfProgram(); // system-specific exit code
return 0;
}
int main () {
int seed = (int)time(0); // generate random seed
StochasticLib1 sto(seed); // make instance of random library
int deck[52]; // deck of 52 cards
const char * ColorNames[] = { // names of 4 colors
"clubs", "diamonds", "hearts", "spades"
};
const char * ValueNames[] = { // names of 13 card values
"A", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "J", "Q", "K"
};
int i; // loop counter
int color; // card color
int value; // card value
// Make shuffled list of cards.
// The 52 cards are numbered from 0 to 51, where 0 = A-clubs, 1 = A-diamonds,
// 51 = K-spades:
sto.Shuffle(deck, 0, 52);
// output heading text
printf("Shuffled deck of cards:\n\n");
// loop for all cards
for (i = 0; i < 52; i++) {
// translate card number into color and value
color = deck[i] % 4;
value = deck[i] / 4;
// output card
printf("%8s %2s ", ColorNames[color], ValueNames[value]);
// make linefeed for every four cards
if (i % 4 == 3) printf("\n");
}
EndOfProgram(); // system-specific exit code
return 0;
}
// main
int main() {
// parameters. You may change these
int32 n = 10; // number of balls
double p = 0.4; // probability
int32 nn = 1000000; // number of samples
// other variables
double sum; // sum
double ssum; // squaresum
int32 min, max; // minimum, maximum
double mean; // mean
double var; // variance
int32 i; // loop counter
int32 x; // random variate
const int DSIZE = 18; // size of array
int32 dis[DSIZE] = {0}; // number of samples in each range
int c; // index into dis list
double f; // calculated function value
double xme; // expected mean
double xva; // expected variance
double xsd; // expected standard deviation
int32 delta; // step in list
int32 xa; // list minimum
int32 x1, x2; // category range
// make random library
int32 seed = time(0); // random seed
StochasticLib1 sto(seed); // make instance of random library
// calculate mean and variance
xme = n*p; // calculated mean
xva = n*p*(1-p); // calculated variance
// calculate appropriate list divisions
xsd = sqrt(xva); // calculated std.dev.
xa = int(xme - 6.*xsd + 0.5); // calculated minimum
if (xa < 0) xa=0;
delta = int(12.*xsd/(DSIZE-1)); // list step
if (delta < 1) delta = 1;
// initialize
sum = ssum = 0; min = 2000000000; max = -1;
// start message
printf("taking %li samples from binomial distribution...", nn);
// sample nn times
for (i=0; i < nn; i++) {
// generate random number with desired distribution
x = sto.Binomial(n,p);
// update sums
sum += x;
ssum += (double)x*x;
if (x < min) min = x;
if (x > max) max = x;
c = (x-xa)/delta;
if (c < 0) c = 0;
if (c >= DSIZE) c = DSIZE-1;
dis[c]++;}
// calculate sampled mean and variance
mean = sum / nn;
var = (ssum - sum*sum/nn) / nn;
// print sampled and theoretical mean and variance
printf("\n\nparameters: n=%li, p=%.3G", n, p);
printf("\n mean variance");
printf("\nsampled: %12.6f %12.6f", mean, var);
printf("\nexpected: %12.6f %12.6f", xme, xva);
// print found and expected frequencies
printf("\n\n x found expected");
for (c = 0; c < DSIZE; c++) {
x1 = c*delta + xa;
if (x1 > n) break;
x2 = x1+delta-1;
if (c==0 && min<x1) x1 = min;
if (c==DSIZE-1 && max>x2) x2 = max;
if (x2 > n) x2 = n;
// calculate expected frequency
for (x=x1, f=0.; x <= x2; x++) {
f += exp(LnFac(n) - LnFac(x) - LnFac(n-x) + x*log(p) + (n-x)*log(1-p));}
// output found and expected frequency
if (dis[c] || f*nn > 1E-4) {
if (x1==x2) {
printf("\n%7li %12.6f %12.6f", x1, (double)dis[c]/nn, f);}
else {
printf("\n%6li-%-6li %12.6f %12.6f", x1, x2, (double)dis[c]/nn, f);}}}
EndOfProgram(); // system-specific exit code
return 0;}
// main
int main() {
// hypergeometric parameters. You may change these
int32_t n = 600; // number of balls taken
int32_t m = 400; // number of red balls
int32_t N = 1000; // total number of balls
double omega = 3; // odds
int32_t nn = 100000; // number of samples
// other variables
double sum; // sum
double ssum; // squaresum
int32_t min, max; // minimum, maximum
double mean; // mean
double var; // variance
int32_t i; // loop counter
int32_t x; // random variable
const int DSIZE = 18; // size of array
int32_t dis[DSIZE] = {0}; // number of samples in each range
int c; // index into dis list
double f; // calculated function value
double xme1; // expected mean (approximate)
double xme2; // expected mean (exact)
double xva; // expected variance
double xsd; // expected standard deviation
int32_t delta; // step size in list
int32_t xa, xb; // list minimum, maximum
int32_t x1, x2; // category range
// make random seed
int32_t seed = (int32_t)time(0); // random seed = time
// make instance of random library for producing random variates
StochasticLib3 sto(seed);
// make object for calculating mean, variance and probabilities
CWalleniusNCHypergeometric nchyp(n, m, N, omega, 1E-10f);
// calculate approximate mean
xme1 = nchyp.mean();
// calculate exact mean and variance, and check precision
sum = nchyp.moments(&xme2, &xva);
// printf("obtained precision %.4G\n", sum-1.);
// calculate appropriate list divisions
xsd = sqrt(xva); // std.deviation
xa = int(xme2 - 6.*xsd + 0.5); // expected minimum
if (xa < 0) xa=0;
if (xa < n+m-N) xa = n+m-N;
delta = int(12.*xsd/(DSIZE-1)); // list step
if (delta < 1) delta=1;
xb = xa + (DSIZE-1)*delta; // expected maximum
if (xb > n) xb = n;
if (xb > m) xb = m;
// initialize
sum = ssum = 0; min = 2000000000; max = -1;
// start message
printf("taking %li samples from Wallenius noncentral hypergeometric distribution...", nn);
// sample nn times
for (i = 0; i < nn; i++) {
// generate random number with desired distribution
x = sto.WalleniusNCHyp(n, m, N, omega);
// update sums
sum += x;
ssum += (double)x*x;
if (x < min) min = x;
if (x > max) max = x;
c = (x-xa)/delta;
if (c < 0) c = 0;
if (c >= DSIZE) c = DSIZE-1;
dis[c]++;
}
// calculate sampled mean and variance
mean = sum / nn;
var = (ssum - sum*sum/nn) / nn;
// print sampled and theoretical mean and variance
printf("\n\nparameters: n=%li, m=%li, N=%li, odds=%.3G", n, m, N, omega);
printf("\n mean variance");
printf("\nsampled: %12.6f %12.6f", mean, var);
printf("\nexpected: %12.6f %12.6f", xme2, xva);
// print found and expected frequencies
printf("\n\n x found expected");
for (c = 0; c < DSIZE; c++) {
x1 = c*delta + xa;
if (x1 > xb) break;
x2 = x1+delta-1;
if (x2 > xb) x2 = xb;
if (c==0 && min<x1) x1 = min;
if (c==DSIZE-1 && max>x2) x2 = max;
// calculate expected frequency
for (x=x1, f=0.; x <= x2; x++) {
f += nchyp.probability(x);
}
if (dis[c] || f*nn > 1E-4) {
if (x1==x2) {
printf("\n%7li %12.6f %12.6f", x1, (double)dis[c]/nn, f);
}
else {
printf("\n%6li-%-6li %12.6f %12.6f", x1, x2, (double)dis[c]/nn, f);
}
}
}
EndOfProgram(); // system-specific exit code
return 0;
}
