Exemplo n.º 1
0
void HIDGamepad::valueChanged(IOHIDValueRef value)
{
    IOHIDElementCookie cookie = IOHIDElementGetCookie(IOHIDValueGetElement(value));
    HIDGamepadElement* element = m_elementMap.get(cookie);

    // This might be an element we don't currently handle as input so we can skip it.
    if (!element)
        return;

    element->rawValue = IOHIDValueGetScaledValue(value, kIOHIDValueScaleTypePhysical);

    if (element->isButton()) {
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_buttons.size(); ++i) {
            if (m_buttons[i].get() == element)
                m_buttonValues[i] = element->normalizedValue();
        }
    } else if (element->isAxis()) {
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_axes.size(); ++i) {
            if (m_axes[i].get() == element)
                m_axisValues[i] = element->normalizedValue();
        }
    } else
        ASSERT_NOT_REACHED();

    m_lastUpdateTime = monotonicallyIncreasingTime();
}
Exemplo n.º 2
0
// *************************************************************************
//
// IOHIDElement_GetValue(inIOHIDElementRef, inIOHIDValueScaleType)
//
// Purpose:	returns the current value for an element(polling)
//
// Notes:	will return 0 on error conditions which should be accounted for by application
//
// Inputs:	inIOHIDElementRef		- the element
// 			inIOHIDValueScaleType	- scale type (calibrated or physical)
//
// Returns:	double		- current value for element
//
double IOHIDElement_GetValue(IOHIDElementRef inIOHIDElementRef, IOHIDValueScaleType inIOHIDValueScaleType) {
	double result = NAN;
	IOHIDValueRef tIOHIDValueRef;
	if (kIOReturnSuccess == IOHIDDeviceGetValue(IOHIDElementGetDevice(inIOHIDElementRef), inIOHIDElementRef, &tIOHIDValueRef)) {
		result = IOHIDValueGetScaledValue(tIOHIDValueRef, inIOHIDValueScaleType);
	}
    
	return (result);
}   // IOHIDElement_GetValue
Exemplo n.º 3
0
HIDInputType HIDGamepad::valueChanged(IOHIDValueRef value)
{
    IOHIDElementCookie cookie = IOHIDElementGetCookie(IOHIDValueGetElement(value));
    HIDGamepadElement* element = m_elementMap.get(cookie);

    // This might be an element we don't currently handle as input so we can skip it.
    if (!element)
        return HIDInputType::NotAButtonPress;

    element->rawValue = IOHIDValueGetScaledValue(value, kIOHIDValueScaleTypePhysical);

    if (element->isButton()) {
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_buttons.size(); ++i) {
            if (&m_buttons[i].get() == element) {
                m_buttonValues[i] = element->normalizedValue();
                break;
            }
        }
    } else if (element->isAxis()) {
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_axes.size(); ++i) {
            if (&m_axes[i].get() == element) {
                m_axisValues[i] = element->normalizedValue();
                break;
            }
        }
    } else if (element->isDPad()) {
        int intValue = IOHIDValueGetIntegerValue(value) - element->min;
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_dPads.size(); ++i) {
            if (&m_dPads[i].get() != element)
                continue;

            // Each DPad represents 4 button values which are tacked on to the end of the values from non-DPad buttons.
            unsigned firstButtonValue = m_buttons.size() + i * 4;

            ASSERT(m_buttonValues.size() > firstButtonValue + 3);

            fillInButtonValues(intValue, m_buttonValues[firstButtonValue], m_buttonValues[firstButtonValue + 1], m_buttonValues[firstButtonValue + 2], m_buttonValues[firstButtonValue + 3]);
        }
    } else
        ASSERT_NOT_REACHED();

    m_lastUpdateTime = monotonicallyIncreasingTime();

    return element->isButton() ? HIDInputType::ButtonPress : HIDInputType::NotAButtonPress;
}
Exemplo n.º 4
0
int  joy_hidlib_get_value(joy_hid_device_t *device, 
                          joy_hid_element_t *element,
                          int *value, int phys)
{
    IOHIDValueRef value_ref;
    IOReturn result = IOHIDDeviceGetValue( device->internal_device, 
                                           element->internal_element,
                                           &value_ref );
    if(result == kIOReturnSuccess) {
        if(phys) {
            *value = (int)IOHIDValueGetScaledValue( value_ref, kIOHIDValueScaleTypePhysical );
        } else {
            *value = (int)IOHIDValueGetIntegerValue( value_ref );
        }
        return 0;
    } else {
        return -1;
    }
}
unsigned char HIDConfigureSingleDeviceAction(IOHIDDeviceRef		inIOHIDDeviceRef,
                                             IOHIDElementRef *	outIOHIDElementRef,
                                             double				timeout) {
	if (!inIOHIDDeviceRef) {
		return (0);
	}
	if (0 == HIDHaveDeviceList()) {                                             // if we do not have a device list
		return (0);                                                             // return 0
	}

	Boolean found = false;

	// build list of device and elements to save current values
	CFIndex maxElements = HIDCountDeviceElements(inIOHIDDeviceRef,
	                                             kHIDElementTypeInput);
	double *saveValueArray = (double *) calloc(maxElements,
	                                           sizeof(double));                 // 2D array to save values

	// store initial values on first pass / compare to initial value on subsequent passes
	Boolean first = true;

	// get all the elements from this device
	CFArrayRef elementCFArrayRef = IOHIDDeviceCopyMatchingElements(inIOHIDDeviceRef,
	                                                               NULL,
	                                                               kIOHIDOptionsTypeNone);
	// if that worked...
	if (elementCFArrayRef) {
		clock_t start = clock(),
		        end;

		// poll all devices and elements
		while (!found) {
			uint32_t currElementIndex = 0;
			CFIndex idx,
			        cnt = CFArrayGetCount(elementCFArrayRef);
			for (idx = 0; idx < cnt; idx++) {
				*outIOHIDElementRef = (IOHIDElementRef) CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(elementCFArrayRef,
				                                                               idx);
				if (!*outIOHIDElementRef) {
					continue;
				}

				// is this an input element?
				IOHIDElementType type = IOHIDElementGetType(*outIOHIDElementRef);

				switch (type) {
					// these types are inputs
					case kIOHIDElementTypeInput_Misc:
					case kIOHIDElementTypeInput_Button:
					case kIOHIDElementTypeInput_Axis:
					case kIOHIDElementTypeInput_ScanCodes:
					default:
					{
						break;
					}

					case kIOHIDElementTypeOutput:
					case kIOHIDElementTypeFeature:
					case kIOHIDElementTypeCollection:
					{
						*outIOHIDElementRef = NULL;                             // these types are not (Skip them)
						break;
					}
				}                                                               /* switch */
				if (!*outIOHIDElementRef) {
					continue;                                                   // skip this element
				}

				// get this elements current value
				double value = 0;                                               // default value is zero
				IOHIDValueRef tIOHIDValueRef;
				IOReturn ioReturn = IOHIDDeviceGetValue(inIOHIDDeviceRef,
				                                        *outIOHIDElementRef,
				                                        &tIOHIDValueRef);
				if (kIOReturnSuccess == ioReturn) {
					value = IOHIDValueGetScaledValue(tIOHIDValueRef,
					                                 kIOHIDValueScaleTypePhysical);
				}
				if (first) {
					saveValueArray[currElementIndex] = value;
				} else {
					CFIndex min = IOHIDElementGetLogicalMin(*outIOHIDElementRef);
					CFIndex max = IOHIDElementGetLogicalMax(*outIOHIDElementRef);

					double initialValue = saveValueArray[currElementIndex];
					double delta = (double) (max -
					                         min) *
					               kPercentMove *
					               0.01f;
					// is the new value within +/- delta of the initial value?
					if (((initialValue +
					      delta) < value) ||
					    ((initialValue -
					      delta) > value))
					{
						found = 1;                                              // (yes!) mark as found
						break;
					}
				}                                                               // if (first)

				currElementIndex++;                                             // bump element index
			}                                                                   // next idx
			if (first) {
				first = false;                                                  // no longer the first pass
			} else {
				// are we done?
				end = clock();
				double secs = (double) (end -
				                        start) /
				              CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
				if (secs > timeout) {
					break;                                                      // (yes) timeout
				}
			}
		}                                                                       // while (!found)

		CFRelease(elementCFArrayRef);
	}                                                                           // if (elementCFArrayRef)
	if (saveValueArray) {
		free(saveValueArray);
	}
	// return device and element moved
	if (found) {
		return (1);
	} else {
		*outIOHIDElementRef = NULL;

		return (0);
	}
}                                                                               // HIDConfigureSingleDeviceAction
// *************************************************************************
//
// HIDConfigureAction(outIOHIDDeviceRef, outIOHIDElementRef, inTimeout)
//
// Purpose: polls all devices and elements for a change greater than kPercentMove.
// Times out after given time returns 1 and pointer to device and element
// if found; returns 0 and NULL for both parameters if not found
//
// Inputs:	outIOHIDDeviceRef	- address where to store the device
// outIOHIDElementRef	- address where to store the element
// inTimeout	- the timeout
// Returns: Boolean		- if successful
// outIOHIDDeviceRef	- the device
// outIOHIDElementRef	- the element
//
Boolean HIDConfigureActionOfType(actionTypeMask		inActionTypeMask,
                                 double				inTimeout,
                                 IOHIDDeviceRef *	outIOHIDDeviceRef,
                                 IOHIDElementRef *	outIOHIDElementRef) {
	// param error?
	if (!outIOHIDDeviceRef ||
	    !outIOHIDElementRef)
	{
		return (false);
	}
	if (!gDeviceCFArrayRef) {                                                   // if we do not have a device list
		                                                                        // and	we can't build another list
		if (!HIDBuildDeviceList(0,
		                        0) ||
		    !gDeviceCFArrayRef)
		{
			return (false);                                                     // bail
		}
	}

	IOHIDDeviceRef tIOHIDDeviceRef;
	IOHIDElementRef tIOHIDElementRef;

	IOHIDElementType elementType = 0;

	switch (inActionTypeMask) {
		case kActionTypeButton:
		{
			elementType = kIOHIDElementTypeInput_Button;
			break;
		}

		case kActionTypeAxis:
		{
			elementType = kIOHIDElementTypeInput_Misc;
			break;
		}

		case kActionTypeAll:
		default:
		{
			elementType = 0;
			break;
		}
	}                                                                           // switch

	// determine the maximum number of elements
	CFIndex maxElements = 0;
	CFIndex devIndex,
	        devCount = CFArrayGetCount(gDeviceCFArrayRef);
	for (devIndex = 0; devIndex < devCount; devIndex++) {
		tIOHIDDeviceRef = (IOHIDDeviceRef) CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(gDeviceCFArrayRef,
		                                                          devIndex);
		if (!tIOHIDDeviceRef) {
			continue;                                                           // skip this one
		}

		// HIDDumpDeviceInfo(tIOHIDDeviceRef);
		CFIndex count = HIDCountDeviceElementsOfType(tIOHIDDeviceRef,
		                                             elementType);
		if (count > maxElements) {
			maxElements = count;
		}
	}
	if (!(devCount *
	      maxElements))
	{
		return (false);
	}

#if true
//    NSDictionary * matchDictionary = @{@(kIOHIDElementTypeKey): @(elementType)};
	const void *keys[] = {CFSTR(kIOHIDElementTypeKey)};
	const void *vals[] = {CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault,
		                                 kCFNumberIntType,
		                                 &elementType)};
	CFDictionaryRef matchingDict = CFDictionaryCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault,
	                                                  keys,
	                                                  vals,
	                                                  1,
	                                                  &kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks,
	                                                  &kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks);
	CFRelease(vals[0]);
#endif                                                                          // if 1

	// allocate an array of int's in which to store devCount * maxElements values
	double *saveValueArray = (double *) calloc(devCount *
	                                           maxElements,
	                                           sizeof(double));                 // clear 2D array to save values

	// remember when we start; used to calculate timeout
	clock_t start = clock(),
	        end;

	// on first pass store initial values / compare current values to initial values on subsequent passes
	Boolean found = false,
	        first = true;

	while (!found) {
		double maxDeltaPercent = 0;                                             // we want to find the one that moves the most
		                                                                        // (percentage wise)
		for (devIndex = 0; devIndex < devCount; devIndex++) {
			tIOHIDDeviceRef = (IOHIDDeviceRef) CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(gDeviceCFArrayRef,
			                                                          devIndex);
			if (!tIOHIDDeviceRef) {
				continue;                                                       // skip this one
			}

			gElementCFArrayRef = IOHIDDeviceCopyMatchingElements(tIOHIDDeviceRef,
			                                                     matchingDict,
			                                                     kIOHIDOptionsTypeNone);
			if (gElementCFArrayRef) {
				CFIndex eleIndex,
				        eleCount = CFArrayGetCount(gElementCFArrayRef);
				for (eleIndex = 0; eleIndex < eleCount; eleIndex++) {
					tIOHIDElementRef = (IOHIDElementRef) CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(gElementCFArrayRef,
					                                                            eleIndex);
					if (!tIOHIDElementRef) {
						continue;
					}

					IOHIDElementType tIOHIDElementType = IOHIDElementGetType(tIOHIDElementRef);
					// only care about inputs (no outputs or features)
					if (tIOHIDElementType <= kIOHIDElementTypeInput_ScanCodes) {
						if (IOHIDElementIsArray(tIOHIDElementRef)) {
							// printf("ARRAY!\n");
							continue;                                           // skip array elements
						}
						if (elementType &&
						    ((tIOHIDElementType != elementType)))
						{
							continue;
						}

						uint32_t usagePage = IOHIDElementGetUsagePage(tIOHIDElementRef);
						uint32_t usage = IOHIDElementGetUsage(tIOHIDElementRef);
						uint32_t reportCount = IOHIDElementGetReportCount(tIOHIDElementRef);
#ifdef DEBUG
						if (first) {
							HIDDumpElementInfo(tIOHIDElementRef);
							fflush(stdout);
							uint32_t vendorID = IOHIDDevice_GetVendorID(tIOHIDDeviceRef);
							uint32_t productID = IOHIDDevice_GetProductID(tIOHIDDeviceRef);
							IOHIDElementCookie cookie = IOHIDElementGetCookie(tIOHIDElementRef);
							if ((0x054C == vendorID) &&
							    (0x0268 == productID) &&
							    (0x001E == (uint32_t) cookie))
							{
								// printf("DING!\n");
							}
						}

#endif                                                                          // ifdef DEBUG

#if true                                                                        // work-around for IOHIDValueGetScaledValue crash
						                                                        // (when element report count > 1)
						if (reportCount > 1) {
							// printf("REPORT!\n");
							continue;                                           // skip reports
						}

#endif                                                                          // if 1
						// ignore PID elements and arrays
						if ((kHIDPage_PID != usagePage) &&
						    ((-1) != usage))
						{
							// get this elements current value
							double value = 0.0;                                 // default value is zero
							IOHIDValueRef tIOHIDValueRef;
							IOReturn ioReturn = IOHIDDeviceGetValue(tIOHIDDeviceRef,
							                                        tIOHIDElementRef,
							                                        &tIOHIDValueRef);
							if (kIOReturnSuccess == ioReturn) {
								value = IOHIDValueGetScaledValue(tIOHIDValueRef,
								                                 kIOHIDValueScaleTypePhysical);
							}
							if (first) {
								saveValueArray[(devIndex *
								                maxElements) +
								               eleIndex] = value;
							} else {
								double initialValue = saveValueArray[(devIndex *
								                                      maxElements) +
								                                     eleIndex];

								CFIndex valueMin = IOHIDElementGetPhysicalMin(tIOHIDElementRef);
								CFIndex valueMax = IOHIDElementGetPhysicalMax(tIOHIDElementRef);

								double deltaPercent = fabs((initialValue -
								                            value) *
								                           100.0 /
								                           (valueMax -
								                            valueMin));
#if false                                                                       // debug code useful to dump out value info for
								                                                // specific (vendorID, productID, usagePage and
								                                                // usage) device
								if (!first) {
									// Device: 0x13b6a0 = { Logitech Inc. - WingMan Force 3D,	vendorID:	0x046D,		productID:	0xC283,
									// usage: 0x0001:0x0004, "Generic Desktop Joystick"
									if ((vendorID == 0x046D) &&
									    (productID == 0xC283))
									{
										if ((kHIDPage_GenericDesktop == usagePage) &&
										    (kHIDUsage_GD_Rz == usage))
										{
											printf("initial: %6.2f, value: %6.2f, diff: %6.2f, delta percent: %6.2f!\n",
											       initialValue,
											       value,
											       fabs(initialValue -
											            value),
											       deltaPercent);
										}
									}
								}

								deltaPercent = 0.0;
#endif // if false
								if (deltaPercent >= kPercentMove) {
									found = true;
									if (deltaPercent > maxDeltaPercent) {
										maxDeltaPercent = deltaPercent;

										*outIOHIDDeviceRef = tIOHIDDeviceRef;
										*outIOHIDElementRef = tIOHIDElementRef;
									}

									break;
								}
							}                                                   // if first
						}                                                       // if usage
					}                                                           // if type
				}                                                               // for elements...

				CFRelease(gElementCFArrayRef);
				gElementCFArrayRef = NULL;
			}                                                                   // if (gElementCFArrayRef)
			if (found) {
				// HIDDumpElementInfo(tIOHIDElementRef);
				break;                                                          // DONE!
			}
		}                                                                       // for devices

		first = false;                                                          // no longer the first pass

		// are we done?
		end = clock();
		double secs = (double) (end -
		                        start) /
		              CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
		if (secs > inTimeout) {
			break;                                                              // (yes) timeout
		}
	}                                                                           // while (!found)
	if (saveValueArray) {
		free(saveValueArray);
	}
	// return device and element moved
	if (!found) {
		*outIOHIDDeviceRef = NULL;
		*outIOHIDElementRef = NULL;
	}

	CFRelease(matchingDict);

	return (found);
}                                                                               // HIDConfigureAction
Exemplo n.º 7
0
JoystickState JoystickImpl::update()
{
    static const JoystickState disconnectedState; // return this if joystick was disconnected
    JoystickState       state; // otherwise return that
    state.connected = true;

    // Note: free up is done in close() which is called, if required,
    //       by the joystick manager. So we don't release buttons nor axes here.

    // First, let's determine if the joystick is still connected
    Location selfLoc = m_locationIDs[m_index];

    // Get all devices
    CFSetRef devices = HIDJoystickManager::getInstance().copyJoysticks();
    if (devices == NULL)
        return disconnectedState;

    // Get a usable copy of the joysticks devices.
    CFIndex joysticksCount = CFSetGetCount(devices);
    CFTypeRef devicesArray[joysticksCount];
    CFSetGetValues(devices, devicesArray);

    // Search for it
    bool found = false;
    for (CFIndex i(0); i < joysticksCount; ++i)
    {
        IOHIDDeviceRef d = (IOHIDDeviceRef)devicesArray[i];
        if (selfLoc == HIDInputManager::getLocationID(d))
        {
            found = true;
            break; // Stop looping
        }
    }

    // Release unused stuff
    CFRelease(devices);

    // If not found we consider it disconnected
    if (!found)
        return disconnectedState;

    // Update buttons' state
    unsigned int i = 0;
    for (ButtonsVector::iterator it(m_buttons.begin()); it != m_buttons.end(); ++it, ++i)
    {
        IOHIDValueRef value = 0;
        IOHIDDeviceGetValue(IOHIDElementGetDevice(*it), *it, &value);

        // Check for plug out.
        if (!value)
        {
            // No value? Hum... Seems like the joystick is gone
            return disconnectedState;
        }

        // 1 means pressed, others mean released
        state.buttons[i] = IOHIDValueGetIntegerValue(value) == 1;
    }

    // Update axes' state
    for (AxisMap::iterator it = m_axis.begin(); it != m_axis.end(); ++it)
    {
        IOHIDValueRef value = 0;
        IOHIDDeviceGetValue(IOHIDElementGetDevice(it->second), it->second, &value);

        // Check for plug out.
        if (!value)
        {
            // No value? Hum... Seems like the joystick is gone
            return disconnectedState;
        }

        // We want to bind [physicalMin,physicalMax] to [-100=min,100=max].
        //
        // General formula to bind [a,b] to [c,d] with a linear progression:
        //
        // f: [a, b] -> [c, d]
        //        x  |->  (x-a)(d-c)/(b-a)+c
        //
        // This method might not be very accurate (the "0 position" can be
        // slightly shift with some device) but we don't care because most
        // of devices are so sensitive that this is not relevant.
        double  physicalMax   = IOHIDElementGetPhysicalMax(it->second);
        double  physicalMin   = IOHIDElementGetPhysicalMin(it->second);
        double  scaledMin     = -100;
        double  scaledMax     =  100;
        double  physicalValue = IOHIDValueGetScaledValue(value, kIOHIDValueScaleTypePhysical);
        float   scaledValue   = (((physicalValue - physicalMin) * (scaledMax - scaledMin)) / (physicalMax - physicalMin)) + scaledMin;
        state.axes[it->first] = scaledValue;
    }

    return state;
}
Boolean HIDConfigureAction( IOHIDDeviceRef* outIOHIDDeviceRef, IOHIDElementRef *outIOHIDElementRef, float inTimeout )
{
	// param error?
	if ( !outIOHIDDeviceRef || !outIOHIDElementRef ) {
		return 0;
	}
	
	if ( !gDeviceCFArrayRef ) { // if we do not have a device list
		// and  we can't build another list
		if ( !HIDBuildDeviceList( 0, 0 ) || !gDeviceCFArrayRef ) {
			return FALSE;	// bail
		}
	}
	
	IOHIDDeviceRef tIOHIDDeviceRef;	
	IOHIDElementRef tIOHIDElementRef;	
	
	// remember when we start; used to calculate timeout
	clock_t start = clock(), end;
	
	// determine the maximum number of elements
	CFIndex maxElements = 0;
	CFIndex devIndex, devCount = CFArrayGetCount( gDeviceCFArrayRef );
	for ( devIndex = 0; devIndex < devCount; devIndex++ ) {
		tIOHIDDeviceRef = ( IOHIDDeviceRef ) CFArrayGetValueAtIndex( gDeviceCFArrayRef, devIndex );
		
		if ( !tIOHIDDeviceRef ) {
			continue;               // skip this one
		}
		
		UInt32 count = HIDCountDeviceElements( tIOHIDDeviceRef, kHIDElementTypeInput );
		if ( count > maxElements ) {
			maxElements = count;
		}
	}
	
	// allocate an array of int's in which to store devCount * maxElements values
	double* saveValueArray = ( double * ) calloc( devCount * maxElements, sizeof( double ) ); // clear 2D array to save values
	
	// on first pass store initial values / compare current values to initial values on subsequent passes
	Boolean found = FALSE, first = TRUE;
	while ( !found ) {
		double maxDeltaPercent = 0;	// we want to find the one that moves the most ( percentage wise )
		for ( devIndex = 0; devIndex < devCount; devIndex++ ) {
			IOHIDDeviceRef tIOHIDDeviceRef = ( IOHIDDeviceRef ) CFArrayGetValueAtIndex( gDeviceCFArrayRef, devIndex );
			
			if ( !tIOHIDDeviceRef ) {
				continue;                       // skip this one
			}
#ifdef DEBUG
			long vendorID = IOHIDDevice_GetVendorID( tIOHIDDeviceRef );
			long productID = IOHIDDevice_GetProductID( tIOHIDDeviceRef );
#endif
			gElementCFArrayRef = IOHIDDeviceCopyMatchingElements( tIOHIDDeviceRef, NULL, kIOHIDOptionsTypeNone );
			
			if ( gElementCFArrayRef ) {
				CFIndex eleIndex, eleCount = CFArrayGetCount( gElementCFArrayRef );
				for ( eleIndex = 0; eleIndex < eleCount; eleIndex++ ) {
					tIOHIDElementRef = ( IOHIDElementRef ) CFArrayGetValueAtIndex( gElementCFArrayRef, eleIndex );
					
					if ( !tIOHIDElementRef ) {
						continue;
					}
					
					IOHIDElementType tIOHIDElementType = IOHIDElementGetType( tIOHIDElementRef );
					
					// only care about inputs (no outputs or features)
					if ( tIOHIDElementType <= kIOHIDElementTypeInput_ScanCodes ) {

						if ( IOHIDElementIsArray( tIOHIDElementRef ) ) {
							//printf( "ARRAY!\n" );
							continue;	// skip array elements
						}
						uint32_t usagePage = IOHIDElementGetUsagePage( tIOHIDElementRef );
						uint32_t usage = IOHIDElementGetUsage( tIOHIDElementRef );
						uint32_t reportCount = IOHIDElementGetReportCount( tIOHIDElementRef );
#ifdef DEBUG
						if ( first ) {
							IOHIDElementCookie cookie = IOHIDElementGetCookie( tIOHIDElementRef );
							printf( "%s, dev: {ref:%p, ven: 0x%08lX, pro: 0x%08lX}, ele: {ref:%p, cookie: %p, usage:%04lX:%08lX}\n",
								   __PRETTY_FUNCTION__,
								   tIOHIDDeviceRef,
								   vendorID,
								   productID,
								   tIOHIDElementRef,
								   cookie,
								   (long unsigned int) usagePage,
								   (long unsigned int) usage ); fflush( stdout );
							
							if ( ( 0x054C == vendorID ) && ( 0x0268 == productID ) && ( 0x001E == (UInt32) cookie ) ) {
								//printf( "DING!\n" );
							}
						}
#endif
#if 1					// work-around for IOHIDValueGetScaledValue crash (when element report count > 1)
						if ( reportCount > 1 ) {
							//printf( "REPORT!\n" );
							continue; // skip reports
						}
#endif					
						// ignore PID elements and arrays
						if ( ( kHIDPage_PID != usagePage ) && ( -1 != usage ) ) {
							// get this elements current value
							double value = 0.0;	// default value is zero
							IOHIDValueRef tIOHIDValueRef;
							IOReturn ioReturn = IOHIDDeviceGetValue( tIOHIDDeviceRef, tIOHIDElementRef, &tIOHIDValueRef );
							if ( kIOReturnSuccess == ioReturn ) {
								value = IOHIDValueGetScaledValue( tIOHIDValueRef, kIOHIDValueScaleTypePhysical );
							}
							
							if ( first ) {
								saveValueArray[( devIndex * maxElements ) + eleIndex] = value;
							} else {
								double initialValue = saveValueArray[( devIndex * maxElements ) + eleIndex];
								
								CFIndex valueMin = IOHIDElementGetPhysicalMin( tIOHIDElementRef );
								CFIndex valueMax = IOHIDElementGetPhysicalMax( tIOHIDElementRef );
								
								double deltaPercent = fabs( ( initialValue - value ) * 100.0 / (valueMax - valueMin) );
#if 0
								if ( !first ) {
								// Device: 0x13b6a0 = { Logitech Inc. - WingMan Force 3D, 	vendorID:	0x046D, 	productID:	0xC283, usage: 0x0001:0x0004, "Generic Desktop Joystick"
									if ( ( vendorID == 0x046D ) && ( productID == 0xC283 ) ) {
										if ( ( kHIDPage_GenericDesktop == usagePage ) && ( kHIDUsage_GD_Rz == usage ) ) {
											printf( "initial: %6.2f, value: %6.2f, diff: %6.2f, delta percent: %6.2f!\n", initialValue, value, fabs( initialValue - value ), deltaPercent );
										}
									}
								}
								deltaPercent = 0.0;
#endif
								if ( deltaPercent >= kPercentMove ) {
									found = TRUE;
									if ( deltaPercent > maxDeltaPercent ) {
										maxDeltaPercent = deltaPercent;
										
										*outIOHIDDeviceRef = tIOHIDDeviceRef;
										*outIOHIDElementRef = tIOHIDElementRef;
									}
									break;
								}
							}   // if first
						}       // if usage
					}           // if type
				}               // for elements...
				CFRelease( gElementCFArrayRef );
				gElementCFArrayRef = NULL;
			}	// if ( gElementCFArrayRef )
			if ( found ) {
				// HIDDumpElementInfo( tIOHIDElementRef );
				break; // DONE!
			}
		}                   // for devices
		
		first = FALSE;          // no longer the first pass
		
		// are we done?
		end = clock();
		double secs = (double)( end - start ) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
		
		if ( secs > inTimeout ) {
			break;              // ( yes ) timeout
		}
	}	//	while ( !found )
	
	// return device and element moved
	if ( !found ) {
		*outIOHIDDeviceRef = NULL;
		*outIOHIDElementRef = NULL;
	}
	return found;
}   // HIDConfigureAction