/* This handles the in place resize of a block, as performed by the
VALGRIND_RESIZEINPLACE_BLOCK client request. It is unrelated to,
and not used for, handling of the normal libc realloc()
function. */
void MC_(handle_resizeInPlace)(ThreadId tid, Addr p,
SizeT oldSizeB, SizeT newSizeB, SizeT rzB)
{
MC_Chunk* mc = VG_(HT_lookup) ( MC_(malloc_list), (UWord)p );
if (!mc || mc->szB != oldSizeB || newSizeB == 0) {
/* Reject if: p is not found, or oldSizeB is wrong,
or new block would be empty. */
MC_(record_free_error) ( tid, p );
return;
}
if (oldSizeB == newSizeB)
return;
mc->szB = newSizeB;
if (newSizeB < oldSizeB) {
MC_(make_mem_noaccess)( p + newSizeB, oldSizeB - newSizeB + rzB );
} else {
ExeContext* ec = VG_(record_ExeContext)(tid, 0/*first_ip_delta*/);
UInt ecu = VG_(get_ECU_from_ExeContext)(ec);
MC_(make_mem_undefined_w_otag)( p + oldSizeB, newSizeB - oldSizeB,
ecu | MC_OKIND_HEAP );
if (rzB > 0)
MC_(make_mem_noaccess)( p + newSizeB, rzB );
}
}
/* Compute a quick summary of the leak check. */
static void make_summary(void)
{
Int i;
for(i = 0; i < lc_n_shadows; i++) {
SizeT size = lc_shadows[i]->szB;
switch(lc_markstack[i].state) {
case Unreached:
blocks_leaked++;
MC_(bytes_leaked) += size;
break;
case Proper:
blocks_reachable++;
MC_(bytes_reachable) += size;
break;
case Interior:
blocks_dubious++;
MC_(bytes_dubious) += size;
break;
case IndirectLeak: /* shouldn't happen */
blocks_indirect++;
MC_(bytes_indirect) += size;
break;
}
}
}
void MC_(create_mempool)(Addr pool, UInt rzB, Bool is_zeroed)
{
MC_Mempool* mp;
if (VG_(clo_verbosity) > 2) {
VG_(message)(Vg_UserMsg, "create_mempool(0x%lx, %d, %d)\n",
pool, rzB, is_zeroed);
VG_(get_and_pp_StackTrace)
(VG_(get_running_tid)(), MEMPOOL_DEBUG_STACKTRACE_DEPTH);
}
mp = VG_(HT_lookup)(MC_(mempool_list), (UWord)pool);
if (mp != NULL) {
VG_(tool_panic)("MC_(create_mempool): duplicate pool creation");
}
mp = VG_(malloc)("mc.cm.1", sizeof(MC_Mempool));
mp->pool = pool;
mp->rzB = rzB;
mp->is_zeroed = is_zeroed;
mp->chunks = VG_(HT_construct)( "MC_(create_mempool)" );
check_mempool_sane(mp);
/* Paranoia ... ensure this area is off-limits to the client, so
the mp->data field isn't visible to the leak checker. If memory
management is working correctly, anything pointer returned by
VG_(malloc) should be noaccess as far as the client is
concerned. */
if (!MC_(check_mem_is_noaccess)( (Addr)mp, sizeof(MC_Mempool), NULL )) {
VG_(tool_panic)("MC_(create_mempool): shadow area is accessible");
}
VG_(HT_add_node)( MC_(mempool_list), mp );
}
/* Allocate a shadow chunk, put it on the appropriate list.
If needed, release oldest blocks from freed list. */
static
MC_Chunk* create_MC_Chunk ( ThreadId tid, Addr p, SizeT szB,
MC_AllocKind kind)
{
MC_Chunk* mc = VG_(allocEltPA)(MC_(chunk_poolalloc));
mc->data = p;
mc->szB = szB;
mc->allockind = kind;
switch ( MC_(n_where_pointers)() ) {
case 2: mc->where[1] = 0; // fallback to 1
case 1: mc->where[0] = 0; // fallback to 0
case 0: break;
default: tl_assert(0);
}
MC_(set_allocated_at) (tid, mc);
/* Each time a new MC_Chunk is created, release oldest blocks
if the free list volume is exceeded. */
if (VG_(free_queue_volume) > MC_(clo_freelist_vol))
release_oldest_block();
/* Paranoia ... ensure the MC_Chunk is off-limits to the client, so
the mc->data field isn't visible to the leak checker. If memory
management is working correctly, any pointer returned by VG_(malloc)
should be noaccess as far as the client is concerned. */
if (!MC_(check_mem_is_noaccess)( (Addr)mc, sizeof(MC_Chunk), NULL )) {
VG_(tool_panic)("create_MC_Chunk: shadow area is accessible");
}
return mc;
}
void MC_(mempool_free)(Addr pool, Addr addr)
{
MC_Mempool* mp;
MC_Chunk* mc;
ThreadId tid = VG_(get_running_tid)();
mp = VG_(HT_lookup)(MC_(mempool_list), (UWord)pool);
if (mp == NULL) {
MC_(record_illegal_mempool_error)(tid, pool);
return;
}
if (VG_(clo_verbosity) > 2) {
VG_(message)(Vg_UserMsg, "mempool_free(0x%lx, 0x%lx)\n", pool, addr);
VG_(get_and_pp_StackTrace) (tid, MEMPOOL_DEBUG_STACKTRACE_DEPTH);
}
if (MP_DETAILED_SANITY_CHECKS) check_mempool_sane(mp);
mc = VG_(HT_remove)(mp->chunks, (UWord)addr);
if (mc == NULL) {
MC_(record_free_error)(tid, (Addr)addr);
return;
}
if (VG_(clo_verbosity) > 2) {
VG_(message)(Vg_UserMsg,
"mempool_free(0x%lx, 0x%lx) freed chunk of %ld bytes\n",
pool, addr, mc->szB + 0UL);
}
die_and_free_mem ( tid, mc, mp->rzB );
if (MP_DETAILED_SANITY_CHECKS) check_mempool_sane(mp);
}
/* Put a shadow chunk on the freed blocks queue, possibly freeing up
some of the oldest blocks in the queue at the same time. */
static void add_to_freed_queue ( MC_Chunk* mc )
{
const Bool show = False;
const int l = (mc->szB >= MC_(clo_freelist_big_blocks) ? 0 : 1);
/* Put it at the end of the freed list, unless the block
would be directly released any way : in this case, we
put it at the head of the freed list. */
if (freed_list_end[l] == NULL) {
tl_assert(freed_list_start[l] == NULL);
mc->next = NULL;
freed_list_end[l] = freed_list_start[l] = mc;
} else {
tl_assert(freed_list_end[l]->next == NULL);
if (mc->szB >= MC_(clo_freelist_vol)) {
mc->next = freed_list_start[l];
freed_list_start[l] = mc;
} else {
mc->next = NULL;
freed_list_end[l]->next = mc;
freed_list_end[l] = mc;
}
}
VG_(free_queue_volume) += (Long)mc->szB;
if (show)
VG_(printf)("mc_freelist: acquire: volume now %lld\n",
VG_(free_queue_volume));
VG_(free_queue_length)++;
}
void MC_(mempool_change)(Addr pool, Addr addrA, Addr addrB, SizeT szB)
{
MC_Mempool* mp;
MC_Chunk* mc;
ThreadId tid = VG_(get_running_tid)();
if (VG_(clo_verbosity) > 2) {
VG_(message)(Vg_UserMsg, "mempool_change(0x%lx, 0x%lx, 0x%lx, %ld)\n",
pool, addrA, addrB, szB);
VG_(get_and_pp_StackTrace) (tid, MEMPOOL_DEBUG_STACKTRACE_DEPTH);
}
mp = VG_(HT_lookup)(MC_(mempool_list), (UWord)pool);
if (mp == NULL) {
MC_(record_illegal_mempool_error)(tid, pool);
return;
}
check_mempool_sane(mp);
mc = VG_(HT_remove)(mp->chunks, (UWord)addrA);
if (mc == NULL) {
MC_(record_free_error)(tid, (Addr)addrA);
return;
}
mc->data = addrB;
mc->szB = szB;
VG_(HT_add_node)( mp->chunks, mc );
check_mempool_sane(mp);
}
void MC_(print_malloc_stats) ( void )
{
MC_Chunk* mc;
SizeT nblocks = 0;
ULong nbytes = 0;
if (VG_(clo_verbosity) == 0)
return;
if (VG_(clo_xml))
return;
/* Count memory still in use. */
VG_(HT_ResetIter)(MC_(malloc_list));
while ( (mc = VG_(HT_Next)(MC_(malloc_list))) ) {
nblocks++;
nbytes += (ULong)mc->szB;
}
VG_(message)(Vg_UserMsg,
"malloc/free: in use at exit: %'llu bytes in %'lu blocks.",
nbytes, nblocks);
VG_(message)(Vg_UserMsg,
"malloc/free: %'lu allocs, %'lu frees, %'llu bytes allocated.",
cmalloc_n_mallocs,
cmalloc_n_frees, cmalloc_bs_mallocd);
if (VG_(clo_verbosity) > 1)
VG_(message)(Vg_UserMsg, "");
}
void MC_(print_malloc_stats) ( void )
{
MC_Chunk* mc;
SizeT nblocks = 0;
ULong nbytes = 0;
if (VG_(clo_verbosity) == 0)
return;
if (VG_(clo_xml))
return;
/* Count memory still in use. */
VG_(HT_ResetIter)(MC_(malloc_list));
while ( (mc = VG_(HT_Next)(MC_(malloc_list))) ) {
nblocks++;
nbytes += (ULong)mc->szB;
}
VG_(umsg)(
"HEAP SUMMARY:\n"
" in use at exit: %'llu bytes in %'lu blocks\n"
" total heap usage: %'lu allocs, %'lu frees, %'llu bytes allocated\n"
"\n",
nbytes, nblocks,
cmalloc_n_mallocs,
cmalloc_n_frees, cmalloc_bs_mallocd
);
}
void MC_(mempool_alloc)(ThreadId tid, Addr pool, Addr addr, SizeT szB)
{
MC_Mempool* mp;
if (VG_(clo_verbosity) > 2) {
VG_(message)(Vg_UserMsg, "mempool_alloc(0x%lx, 0x%lx, %ld)\n",
pool, addr, szB);
VG_(get_and_pp_StackTrace) (tid, MEMPOOL_DEBUG_STACKTRACE_DEPTH);
}
mp = VG_(HT_lookup) ( MC_(mempool_list), (UWord)pool );
if (mp == NULL) {
MC_(record_illegal_mempool_error) ( tid, pool );
} else {
if (MP_DETAILED_SANITY_CHECKS) check_mempool_sane(mp);
MC_(new_block)(tid, addr, szB, /*ignored*/0, mp->is_zeroed,
MC_AllocCustom, mp->chunks);
if (mp->rzB > 0) {
// This is not needed if the user application has properly
// marked the superblock noaccess when defining the mempool.
// We however still mark the redzones noaccess to still catch
// some bugs if user forgot.
MC_(make_mem_noaccess) ( addr - mp->rzB, mp->rzB);
MC_(make_mem_noaccess) ( addr + szB, mp->rzB);
}
if (MP_DETAILED_SANITY_CHECKS) check_mempool_sane(mp);
}
}
void MC_(destroy_mempool)(Addr pool)
{
MC_Chunk* mc;
MC_Mempool* mp;
if (VG_(clo_verbosity) > 2) {
VG_(message)(Vg_UserMsg, "destroy_mempool(0x%lx)\n", pool);
VG_(get_and_pp_StackTrace)
(VG_(get_running_tid)(), MEMPOOL_DEBUG_STACKTRACE_DEPTH);
}
mp = VG_(HT_remove) ( MC_(mempool_list), (UWord)pool );
if (mp == NULL) {
ThreadId tid = VG_(get_running_tid)();
MC_(record_illegal_mempool_error) ( tid, pool );
return;
}
check_mempool_sane(mp);
// Clean up the chunks, one by one
VG_(HT_ResetIter)(mp->chunks);
while ( (mc = VG_(HT_Next)(mp->chunks)) ) {
/* Note: make redzones noaccess again -- just in case user made them
accessible with a client request... */
MC_(make_mem_noaccess)(mc->data-mp->rzB, mc->szB + 2*mp->rzB );
}
// Destroy the chunk table
VG_(HT_destruct)(mp->chunks, (void (*)(void *))delete_MC_Chunk);
VG_(free)(mp);
}
// Scan a block of memory between [start, start+len). This range may
// be bogus, inaccessable, or otherwise strange; we deal with it. For each
// valid aligned word we assume it's a pointer to a chunk a push the chunk
// onto the mark stack if so.
static void
lc_scan_memory(Addr start, SizeT len, Bool is_prior_definite, Int clique)
{
Addr ptr = VG_ROUNDUP(start, sizeof(Addr));
Addr end = VG_ROUNDDN(start+len, sizeof(Addr));
vki_sigset_t sigmask;
if (VG_DEBUG_LEAKCHECK)
VG_(printf)("scan %#lx-%#lx (%lu)\n", start, end, len);
VG_(sigprocmask)(VKI_SIG_SETMASK, NULL, &sigmask);
VG_(set_fault_catcher)(scan_all_valid_memory_catcher);
// We might be in the middle of a page. Do a cheap check to see if
// it's valid; if not, skip onto the next page.
if (!VG_(am_is_valid_for_client)(ptr, sizeof(Addr), VKI_PROT_READ))
ptr = VG_PGROUNDUP(ptr+1); // First page is bad - skip it.
while (ptr < end) {
Addr addr;
// Skip invalid chunks.
if ( ! MC_(is_within_valid_secondary)(ptr) ) {
ptr = VG_ROUNDUP(ptr+1, SM_SIZE);
continue;
}
// Look to see if this page seems reasonable.
if ((ptr % VKI_PAGE_SIZE) == 0) {
if (!VG_(am_is_valid_for_client)(ptr, sizeof(Addr), VKI_PROT_READ)) {
ptr += VKI_PAGE_SIZE; // Bad page - skip it.
continue;
}
}
if (__builtin_setjmp(memscan_jmpbuf) == 0) {
if ( MC_(is_valid_aligned_word)(ptr) ) {
lc_scanned_szB += sizeof(Addr);
addr = *(Addr *)ptr;
// If we get here, the scanned word is in valid memory. Now
// let's see if its contents point to a chunk.
lc_push_if_a_chunk_ptr(addr, clique, is_prior_definite);
} else if (0 && VG_DEBUG_LEAKCHECK) {
VG_(printf)("%#lx not valid\n", ptr);
}
ptr += sizeof(Addr);
} else {
// We need to restore the signal mask, because we were
// longjmped out of a signal handler.
VG_(sigprocmask)(VKI_SIG_SETMASK, &sigmask, NULL);
ptr = VG_PGROUNDUP(ptr+1); // Bad page - skip it.
}
}
VG_(sigprocmask)(VKI_SIG_SETMASK, &sigmask, NULL);
VG_(set_fault_catcher)(NULL);
}
void* MC_(calloc) ( ThreadId tid, SizeT nmemb, SizeT size1 )
{
if (complain_about_silly_args2(nmemb, size1)) {
return NULL;
} else {
return MC_(new_block) ( tid, 0, nmemb*size1, VG_(clo_alignment),
/*is_zeroed*/True, MC_AllocMalloc, MC_(malloc_list));
}
}
void* MC_(memalign) ( ThreadId tid, SizeT alignB, SizeT n )
{
if (complain_about_silly_args(n, "memalign")) {
return NULL;
} else {
return MC_(new_block) ( tid, 0, n, alignB,
/*is_zeroed*/False, MC_AllocMalloc, MC_(malloc_list));
}
}
void* MC_(__builtin_vec_new) ( ThreadId tid, SizeT n )
{
if (complain_about_silly_args(n, "__builtin_vec_new")) {
return NULL;
} else {
return MC_(new_block) ( tid, 0, n, VG_(clo_alignment),
/*is_zeroed*/False, MC_AllocNewVec, MC_(malloc_list));
}
}
void* MC_(memalign) ( ThreadId tid, SizeT alignB, SizeT n )
{
if (MC_(record_fishy_value_error)(tid, "memalign", "size", n)) {
return NULL;
} else {
return MC_(new_block) ( tid, 0, n, alignB,
/*is_zeroed*/False, MC_AllocMalloc, MC_(malloc_list));
}
}
void* MC_(__builtin_vec_new) ( ThreadId tid, SizeT n )
{
if (MC_(record_fishy_value_error)(tid, "__builtin_vec_new", "size", n)) {
return NULL;
} else {
return MC_(new_block) ( tid, 0, n, VG_(clo_alignment),
/*is_zeroed*/False, MC_AllocNewVec, MC_(malloc_list));
}
}
void* MC_(malloc) ( ThreadId tid, SizeT n )
{
if (complain_about_silly_args(n, "malloc")) {
return NULL;
} else {
return MC_(new_block) ( tid, 0, n, VG_(clo_alignment),
MC_MALLOC_REDZONE_SZB, /*is_zeroed*/False, MC_AllocMalloc,
MC_(malloc_list));
}
}
void* MC_(calloc) ( ThreadId tid, SizeT nmemb, SizeT size1 )
{
if (MC_(record_fishy_value_error)(tid, "calloc", "nmemb", nmemb) ||
MC_(record_fishy_value_error)(tid, "calloc", "size", size1)) {
return NULL;
} else {
return MC_(new_block) ( tid, 0, nmemb*size1, VG_(clo_alignment),
/*is_zeroed*/True, MC_AllocMalloc, MC_(malloc_list));
}
}
static void mc_describe_addr ( Addr a, AddrInfo* ai )
{
ShadowChunk* sc;
Bool ok;
ThreadId tid;
/* Nested functions, yeah. Need the lexical scoping of 'a'. */
/* Closure for searching thread stacks */
Bool addr_is_in_bounds(Addr stack_min, Addr stack_max)
{
return (stack_min <= a && a <= stack_max);
}
/* Closure for searching malloc'd and free'd lists */
Bool addr_is_in_block(ShadowChunk *sh_ch)
{
return VG_(addr_is_in_block) ( a, VG_(get_sc_data)(sh_ch),
VG_(get_sc_size)(sh_ch) );
}
/* Perhaps it's a user-def'd block ? */
ok = MC_(client_perm_maybe_describe)( a, ai );
if (ok)
return;
/* Perhaps it's on a thread's stack? */
tid = VG_(any_matching_thread_stack)(addr_is_in_bounds);
if (tid != VG_INVALID_THREADID) {
ai->akind = Stack;
ai->stack_tid = tid;
return;
}
/* Search for a recently freed block which might bracket it. */
sc = MC_(any_matching_freed_ShadowChunks)(addr_is_in_block);
if (NULL != sc) {
ai->akind = Freed;
ai->blksize = VG_(get_sc_size)(sc);
ai->rwoffset = (Int)(a) - (Int)(VG_(get_sc_data)(sc));
ai->lastchange = (ExeContext*)( VG_(get_sc_extra)(sc, 0) );
return;
}
/* Search for a currently malloc'd block which might bracket it. */
sc = VG_(any_matching_mallocd_ShadowChunks)(addr_is_in_block);
if (NULL != sc) {
ai->akind = Mallocd;
ai->blksize = VG_(get_sc_size)(sc);
ai->rwoffset = (Int)(a) - (Int)(VG_(get_sc_data)(sc));
ai->lastchange = (ExeContext*)( VG_(get_sc_extra)(sc, 0) );
return;
}
/* Clueless ... */
ai->akind = Unknown;
return;
}
static
void record_freemismatch_error (ThreadId tid, MC_Chunk* mc)
{
/* MC_(record_freemismatch_error) reports errors for still
allocated blocks but we are in the middle of freeing it. To
report the error correctly, we re-insert the chunk (making it
again a "clean allocated block", report the error, and then
re-remove the chunk. This avoids to do a VG_(HT_lookup)
followed by a VG_(HT_remove) in all "non-erroneous cases". */
VG_(HT_add_node)( MC_(malloc_list), mc );
MC_(record_freemismatch_error) ( tid, mc );
if ((mc != VG_(HT_remove) ( MC_(malloc_list), (UWord)mc->data )))
tl_assert(0);
}
// True if mc is a live block (not yet freed).
static Bool live_block (MC_Chunk* mc)
{
if (mc->allockind == MC_AllocCustom) {
MC_Mempool* mp;
VG_(HT_ResetIter)(MC_(mempool_list));
while ( (mp = VG_(HT_Next)(MC_(mempool_list))) ) {
if ( in_block_list (mp->chunks, mc) )
return True;
}
}
/* Note: we fallback here for a not found MC_AllocCustom
as such a block can be inserted in MC_(malloc_list)
by VALGRIND_MALLOCLIKE_BLOCK. */
return in_block_list ( MC_(malloc_list), mc );
}
/* This one called from generated code. */
void MC_(record_value_error) ( Int size )
{
MemCheckError err_extra;
MC_(clear_MemCheckError)( &err_extra );
err_extra.size = size;
VG_(maybe_record_error)( NULL, ValueErr, /*addr*/0, /*s*/NULL, &err_extra );
}
static void synth_LOADV ( Int sz, Int a_reg, Int tv_reg,
RRegSet regs_live_before,
RRegSet regs_live_after )
{
Addr helper;
UInt argv[] = { a_reg };
UInt tagv[] = { RealReg };
switch (sz) {
case 4: helper = (Addr) & MC_(helperc_LOADV4); break;
case 2: helper = (Addr) & MC_(helperc_LOADV2); break;
case 1: helper = (Addr) & MC_(helperc_LOADV1); break;
default: VG_(skin_panic)("synth_LOADV");
}
VG_(synth_ccall) ( helper, 1, 1, argv, tagv, tv_reg,
regs_live_before, regs_live_after );
}
SizeT MC_(malloc_usable_size) ( ThreadId tid, void* p )
{
MC_Chunk* mc = VG_(HT_lookup) ( MC_(malloc_list), (UWord)p );
// There may be slop, but pretend there isn't because only the asked-for
// area will be marked as addressable.
return ( mc ? mc->szB : 0 );
}
static void synth_STOREV ( Int sz, Int tv_tag, Int tv_val, Int a_reg,
RRegSet regs_live_before,
RRegSet regs_live_after )
{
Addr helper;
UInt argv[] = { a_reg, tv_val };
Tag tagv[] = { RealReg, tv_tag };
sk_assert(tv_tag == RealReg || tv_tag == Literal);
switch (sz) {
case 4: helper = (Addr) MC_(helperc_STOREV4); break;
case 2: helper = (Addr) MC_(helperc_STOREV2); break;
case 1: helper = (Addr) MC_(helperc_STOREV1); break;
default: VG_(skin_panic)("synth_STOREV");
}
VG_(synth_ccall) ( helper, 2, 2, argv, tagv, INVALID_REALREG,
regs_live_before, regs_live_after );
}
void MC_(handle_free) ( ThreadId tid, Addr p, UInt rzB, MC_AllocKind kind )
{
MC_Chunk* mc;
cmalloc_n_frees++;
mc = VG_(HT_remove) ( MC_(malloc_list), (UWord)p );
if (mc == NULL) {
MC_(record_free_error) ( tid, p );
} else {
/* check if it is a matching free() / delete / delete [] */
if (kind != mc->allockind) {
tl_assert(p == mc->data);
MC_(record_freemismatch_error) ( tid, mc );
}
die_and_free_mem ( tid, mc, rzB );
}
}
void MC_(mempool_alloc)(ThreadId tid, Addr pool, Addr addr, SizeT szB)
{
MC_Mempool* mp;
if (VG_(clo_verbosity) > 2) {
VG_(message)(Vg_UserMsg, "mempool_alloc(0x%lx, 0x%lx, %ld)", pool, addr, szB);
VG_(get_and_pp_StackTrace) (tid, MEMPOOL_DEBUG_STACKTRACE_DEPTH);
}
mp = VG_(HT_lookup) ( MC_(mempool_list), (UWord)pool );
if (mp == NULL) {
MC_(record_illegal_mempool_error) ( tid, pool );
} else {
check_mempool_sane(mp);
MC_(new_block)(tid, addr, szB, /*ignored*/0, mp->rzB, mp->is_zeroed,
MC_AllocCustom, mp->chunks);
check_mempool_sane(mp);
}
}
Bool MC_(mempool_exists)(Addr pool)
{
MC_Mempool* mp;
mp = VG_(HT_lookup)(MC_(mempool_list), (UWord)pool);
if (mp == NULL) {
return False;
}
return True;
}
/* This one called from non-generated code */
void MC_(record_user_error) ( ThreadState* tst, Addr a, Bool isWrite )
{
MemCheckError err_extra;
sk_assert(NULL != tst);
MC_(clear_MemCheckError)( &err_extra );
err_extra.addrinfo.akind = Undescribed;
err_extra.isWrite = isWrite;
VG_(maybe_record_error)( tst, UserErr, a, /*s*/NULL, &err_extra );
}
