Exemplo n.º 1
0
int Praat_tests (int itest, wchar_t *arg1, wchar_t *arg2, wchar_t *arg3, wchar_t *arg4) {
	long i, n = wcstol (arg1, NULL, 10);
	double x;
	(void) arg1;
	(void) arg2;
	(void) arg3;
	(void) arg4;
	Melder_clearInfo ();
	Melder_stopwatch ();
	switch (itest) {
		case kPraatTests_CHECK_RANDOM_1009_2009: {
			NUMrandomRestart (310952);
			for (i = 1; i <= 1009 * 2009 - 100 + 1; i ++)
				x = NUMrandomFraction ();
			MelderInfo_writeLine1 (Melder_double (x));
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_RANDOM_FRACTION: {
			for (i = 1; i <= n; i ++)
				(void) NUMrandomFraction ();
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_SORT: {
			long m = wcstol (arg2, NULL, 10);
			long *array = NUMlvector (1, m);
			for (i = 1; i <= m; i ++)
				array [i] = NUMrandomInteger (1, 100);
			Melder_stopwatch ();
			for (i = 1; i <= n; i ++)
				NUMsort_l (m, array);
			NUMlvector_free (array, 1);
		} break;
	}
	MelderInfo_writeLine2 (Melder_single (Melder_stopwatch () / n * 1e9), L" nanoseconds");
	MelderInfo_close ();
	return 1;
}
Exemplo n.º 2
0
static void permuteRandomly (ExperimentMFC me, long first, long last) {
	for (long itrial = first; itrial < last; itrial ++) {
		long jtrial = NUMrandomInteger (itrial, last);
		long dummy = my stimuli [jtrial];
		my stimuli [jtrial] = my stimuli [itrial];
		my stimuli [itrial] = dummy;
	}
}
Exemplo n.º 3
0
void Strings_randomize (Strings me) {
	for (long i = 1; i < my numberOfStrings; i ++) {
		long other = NUMrandomInteger (i, my numberOfStrings);
		wchar_t *dummy = my strings [other];
		my strings [other] = my strings [i];
		my strings [i] = dummy;
	}
}
Exemplo n.º 4
0
void Permutation_swapOneFromRange (Permutation me, long from, long to, long pos, int forbidsame) {
	try {
		long n = Permutation_checkRange (me, &from, &to);
		long newpos = NUMrandomInteger (from, to);
		if (newpos == pos && forbidsame) {
			if (n == 1) {
				Melder_throw (L"Impossible to satisfy \"forbid same\" constraint within the chosen range.");
			}
			while ( (newpos = NUMrandomInteger (from, to)) == pos) {
				;
			}
		}

		long tmp = my p[pos]; my p[pos] = my p[newpos]; my p[newpos] = tmp;
	} catch (MelderError) {
		Melder_throw (me, ": one from range not swapped.");
	}
}
Exemplo n.º 5
0
static void shuffle (int path [], int numberOfCities) {
	for (long i = 1; i <= numberOfCities; i ++) {
		int j = NUMrandomInteger (i, numberOfCities);
		int help = path [i];
		path [i] = path [j];
		path [j] = help;
	}
	path [0] = path [numberOfCities];
}
Exemplo n.º 6
0
void Polygon_randomize (Polygon me) {
	for (long i = 1; i <= my numberOfPoints; i ++) {
		long j = NUMrandomInteger (i, my numberOfPoints);
		double xdum = my x [i];
		double ydum = my y [i];
		my x [i] = my x [j];
		my y [i] = my y [j];
		my x [j] = xdum;
		my y [j] = ydum;
	}
}
Exemplo n.º 7
0
void Permutation_permuteRandomly_inline (Permutation me, long from, long to) {
	try {
		long n = Permutation_checkRange (me, &from, &to);

		if (n == 1) {
			return;
		}
		for (long i = from; i < to; i++) {
			long newpos = NUMrandomInteger (from, to);
			long pi = my p[i];
			my p[i] = my p[newpos];
			my p[newpos] = pi;
		}
	} catch (MelderError) {
		Melder_throw (me, ": not permuted randomly.");
	}
}
Exemplo n.º 8
0
int Praat_tests (int itest, char32 *arg1, char32 *arg2, char32 *arg3, char32 *arg4) {
	int64 n = Melder_atoi (arg1);
	double t;
	(void) arg1;
	(void) arg2;
	(void) arg3;
	(void) arg4;
	Melder_clearInfo ();
	Melder_stopwatch ();
	switch (itest) {
		case kPraatTests_TIME_RANDOM_FRACTION: {
			for (int64 i = 1; i <= n; i ++)
				(void) NUMrandomFraction ();
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_RANDOM_GAUSS: {
			for (int64 i = 1; i <= n; i ++)
				(void) NUMrandomGauss (0.0, 1.0);
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_SORT: {
			long m = Melder_atoi (arg2);
			long *array = NUMvector <long> (1, m);
			for (int64 i = 1; i <= m; i ++)
				array [i] = NUMrandomInteger (1, 100);
			Melder_stopwatch ();
			for (int64 i = 1; i <= n; i ++)
				NUMsort_l (m, array);
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();
			NUMvector_free (array, 1);
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_INTEGER: {
			double sum = 0;
			for (int64 i = 1; i <= n; i ++)
				sum += i * (i - 1) * (i - 2);
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();
			MelderInfo_writeLine (sum);
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_FLOAT: {
			double sum = 0.0, fn = n;
			for (double fi = 1.0; fi <= fn; fi = fi + 1.0)
				sum += fi * (fi - 1.0) * (fi - 2.0);
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();
			MelderInfo_writeLine (sum);
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_FLOAT_TO_UNSIGNED_BUILTIN: {
			uint64_t sum = 0;
			double fn = n;
			for (double fi = 1.0; fi <= fn; fi = fi + 1.0)
				sum += (uint32_t) fi;
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();   // 2.59   // 1.60
			MelderInfo_writeLine (sum);
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_FLOAT_TO_UNSIGNED_EXTERN: {
			uint64_t sum = 0;
			double fn = n;
			for (double fi = 1.0; fi <= fn; fi = fi + 1.0)
				sum += (uint32_t) ((int32_t) (fi - 2147483648.0) + 2147483647L + 1);
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();   // 1.60
			MelderInfo_writeLine (sum);
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_UNSIGNED_TO_FLOAT_BUILTIN: {
			double sum = 0.0;
			uint32_t nu = (uint32_t) n;
			for (uint32_t iu = 1; iu <= nu; iu ++)
				sum += (double) iu;
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();   // 1.35
			MelderInfo_writeLine (sum);
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_UNSIGNED_TO_FLOAT_EXTERN: {
			double sum = 0.0;
			uint32_t nu = (uint32_t) n;
			for (uint32_t iu = 1; iu <= nu; iu ++)
				sum += (double) (int32_t) (iu - 2147483647L - 1) + 2147483648.0;
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();   // 0.96
			MelderInfo_writeLine (sum);
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_STRING_MELDER_32: {
			autoMelderString string;
			char32 word [] { U"abc" };
			word [2] = NUMrandomInteger ('a', 'z');
			for (int64 i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
				MelderString_copy (& string, word);
				for (int j = 1; j <= 30; j ++)
					MelderString_append (& string, word);
			}
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_STRING_CPP_S: {
			std::string s = "";
			char word [] { "abc" };
			word [2] = (char) NUMrandomInteger ('a', 'z');
			for (int64 i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
				s = word;
				for (int j = 1; j <= 30; j ++)
					s += word;
			}
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_STRING_CPP_C: {
			std::basic_string<char> s = "";
			char word [] { "abc" };
			word [2] = (char) NUMrandomInteger ('a', 'z');
			for (int64 i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
				s = word;
				for (int j = 1; j <= 30; j ++)
					s += word;
			}
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_STRING_CPP_WS: {
			std::wstring s = L"";
			wchar_t word [] { L"abc" };
			word [2] = NUMrandomInteger ('a', 'z');
			for (int64 i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
				s = word;
				for (int j = 1; j <= 30; j ++)
					s += word;
			}
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_STRING_CPP_WC: {
			std::basic_string<wchar_t> s = L"";
			wchar_t word [] { L"abc" };
			word [2] = NUMrandomInteger ('a', 'z');
			for (int64 i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
				s = word;
				for (int j = 1; j <= 30; j ++)
					s += word;
			}
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_STRING_CPP_32: {
			std::basic_string<char32_t> s = U"";
			char32 word [] { U"abc" };
			word [2] = NUMrandomInteger ('a', 'z');
			for (int64 i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
				s = word;
				for (int j = 1; j <= 30; j ++)
					s += word;
			}
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_STRING_CPP_U32STRING: {
			#if ! defined (macintosh) || ! useCarbon
			std::u32string s = U"";
			char32 word [] { U"abc" };
			word [2] = NUMrandomInteger ('a', 'z');
			for (int64 i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
				s = word;
				for (int j = 1; j <= 30; j ++)
					s += word;
			}
			#endif
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_STRCPY: {
			char buffer [100];
			char word [] { "abc" };
			word [2] = (char) NUMrandomInteger ('a', 'z');
			for (int64 i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
				strcpy (buffer, word);
				for (int j = 1; j <= 30; j ++)
					strcpy (buffer + strlen (buffer), word);
			}
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();
			MelderInfo_writeLine (Melder_peek8to32 (buffer));
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_WCSCPY: {
			wchar_t buffer [100];
			wchar_t word [] { L"abc" };
			word [2] = NUMrandomInteger ('a', 'z');
			for (int64 i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
				wcscpy (buffer, word);
				for (int j = 1; j <= 30; j ++)
					wcscpy (buffer + wcslen (buffer), word);
			}
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_STR32CPY: {
			char32 buffer [100];
			char32 word [] { U"abc" };
			word [2] = NUMrandomInteger ('a', 'z');
			for (int64 i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
				str32cpy (buffer, word);
				for (int j = 1; j <= 30; j ++)
					str32cpy (buffer + str32len (buffer), word);
			}
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();
			MelderInfo_writeLine (buffer);
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_GRAPHICS_TEXT_TOP: {
			autoPraatPicture picture;
			for (int64 i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
				Graphics_textTop (GRAPHICS, false, U"hello world");
			}
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();
		} break;
	}
	MelderInfo_writeLine (Melder_single (t / n * 1e9), U" nanoseconds");
	MelderInfo_close ();
	return 1;
}
Exemplo n.º 9
0
void ExperimentMFC_start (ExperimentMFC me) {
	try {
		long maximumStimulusPlaySamples, maximumResponsePlaySamples, maximumPlaySamples;
		long stimulusCarrierBeforeSamples = 0, stimulusCarrierAfterSamples = 0, maximumStimulusSamples = 0;
		long responseCarrierBeforeSamples = 0, responseCarrierAfterSamples = 0, maximumResponseSamples = 0;
		Melder_warningOff ();
		my trial = 0;
		NUMvector_free <long> (my stimuli, 1);
		NUMvector_free <long> (my responses, 1);
		NUMvector_free <double> (my goodnesses, 1);
		NUMvector_free <double> (my reactionTimes, 1);
		my playBuffer.reset();
		my pausing = false;
		my numberOfTrials = my numberOfDifferentStimuli * my numberOfReplicationsPerStimulus;
		my stimuli = NUMvector <long> (1, my numberOfTrials);
		my responses = NUMvector <long> (1, my numberOfTrials);
		my goodnesses = NUMvector <double> (1, my numberOfTrials);
		my reactionTimes = NUMvector <double> (1, my numberOfTrials);
		/*
		 * Read all the sounds. They must all have the same sampling frequency and number of channels.
		 */
		my samplePeriod = 0.0;
		my numberOfChannels = 0;
		if (my stimuliAreSounds) {
			if (my stimulusCarrierBefore. name && my stimulusCarrierBefore. name [0]) {
				readSound (me, my stimulusFileNameHead, my stimulusFileNameTail, my stimulusMedialSilenceDuration,
					& my stimulusCarrierBefore. name, & my stimulusCarrierBefore. sound);
				stimulusCarrierBeforeSamples = my stimulusCarrierBefore. sound -> nx;
			}
			if (my stimulusCarrierAfter. name && my stimulusCarrierAfter. name [0]) {
				readSound (me, my stimulusFileNameHead, my stimulusFileNameTail, my stimulusMedialSilenceDuration,
					& my stimulusCarrierAfter. name, & my stimulusCarrierAfter. sound);
				stimulusCarrierAfterSamples = my stimulusCarrierAfter. sound -> nx;
			}
			for (long istim = 1; istim <= my numberOfDifferentStimuli; istim ++) {
				readSound (me, my stimulusFileNameHead, my stimulusFileNameTail, my stimulusMedialSilenceDuration,
					& my stimulus [istim]. name, & my stimulus [istim]. sound);
				if (my stimulus [istim]. sound -> nx > maximumStimulusSamples)
					maximumStimulusSamples = my stimulus [istim]. sound -> nx;
			}
		}
		if (my responsesAreSounds) {
			if (my responseCarrierBefore. name && my responseCarrierBefore. name [0]) {
				readSound (me, my responseFileNameHead, my responseFileNameTail, my responseMedialSilenceDuration,
					& my responseCarrierBefore. name, & my responseCarrierBefore. sound);
				responseCarrierBeforeSamples = my responseCarrierBefore. sound -> nx;
			}
			if (my responseCarrierAfter. name && my responseCarrierAfter. name [0]) {
				readSound (me, my responseFileNameHead, my responseFileNameTail, my responseMedialSilenceDuration,
					& my responseCarrierAfter. name, & my responseCarrierAfter. sound);
				responseCarrierAfterSamples = my responseCarrierAfter. sound -> nx;
			}
			for (long iresp = 1; iresp <= my numberOfDifferentResponses; iresp ++) {
				readSound (me, my responseFileNameHead, my responseFileNameTail, my responseMedialSilenceDuration,
					& my response [iresp]. name, & my response [iresp]. sound);
				if (my response [iresp]. sound -> nx > maximumResponseSamples)
					maximumResponseSamples = my response [iresp]. sound -> nx;
			}
		}
		/*
		 * Create the play buffer.
		 */
		maximumStimulusPlaySamples =
			lround (my stimulusInitialSilenceDuration / my samplePeriod)
			+ lround (my stimulusFinalSilenceDuration / my samplePeriod)
			+ stimulusCarrierBeforeSamples + maximumStimulusSamples + stimulusCarrierAfterSamples + 2;
		maximumResponsePlaySamples =
			lround (my responseInitialSilenceDuration / my samplePeriod)
			+ lround (my responseFinalSilenceDuration / my samplePeriod)
			+ responseCarrierBeforeSamples + maximumResponseSamples + responseCarrierAfterSamples + 2;
		maximumPlaySamples = maximumStimulusPlaySamples > maximumResponsePlaySamples ? maximumStimulusPlaySamples : maximumResponsePlaySamples;
		my playBuffer = Sound_create (my numberOfChannels, 0.0, maximumPlaySamples * my samplePeriod,
			maximumPlaySamples, my samplePeriod, 0.5 * my samplePeriod);
		/*
		 * Determine the order in which the stimuli will be presented to the subject.
		 */
		if (my randomize == kExperiment_randomize_CYCLIC_NON_RANDOM) {
			for (long itrial = 1; itrial <= my numberOfTrials; itrial ++)
				my stimuli [itrial] = (itrial - 1) % my numberOfDifferentStimuli + 1;
		} else if (my randomize == kExperiment_randomize_PERMUTE_ALL) {
			for (long itrial = 1; itrial <= my numberOfTrials; itrial ++)
				my stimuli [itrial] = (itrial - 1) % my numberOfDifferentStimuli + 1;
			permuteRandomly (me, 1, my numberOfTrials);
		} else if (my randomize == kExperiment_randomize_PERMUTE_BALANCED) {
			for (long ireplica = 1; ireplica <= my numberOfReplicationsPerStimulus; ireplica ++) {
				long offset = (ireplica - 1) * my numberOfDifferentStimuli;
				for (long istim = 1; istim <= my numberOfDifferentStimuli; istim ++)
					my stimuli [offset + istim] = istim;
				permuteRandomly (me, offset + 1, offset + my numberOfDifferentStimuli);
			}
		} else if (my randomize == kExperiment_randomize_PERMUTE_BALANCED_NO_DOUBLETS) {
			for (long ireplica = 1; ireplica <= my numberOfReplicationsPerStimulus; ireplica ++) {
				long offset = (ireplica - 1) * my numberOfDifferentStimuli;
				for (long istim = 1; istim <= my numberOfDifferentStimuli; istim ++)
					my stimuli [offset + istim] = istim;
				do {
					permuteRandomly (me, offset + 1, offset + my numberOfDifferentStimuli);
				} while (ireplica != 1 && my stimuli [offset + 1] == my stimuli [offset] && my numberOfDifferentStimuli > 1);
			}
		} else if (my randomize == kExperiment_randomize_WITH_REPLACEMENT) {
			for (long itrial = 1; itrial <= my numberOfTrials; itrial ++)
				my stimuli [itrial] = NUMrandomInteger (1, my numberOfDifferentStimuli);
		}
		Melder_warningOn ();
	} catch (MelderError) {
		Melder_warningOn ();
		my numberOfTrials = 0;
		NUMvector_free (my stimuli, 1); my stimuli = nullptr;
		Melder_throw (me, U": not started.");
	}
}
Exemplo n.º 10
0
int Praat_tests (int itest, char32 *arg1, char32 *arg2, char32 *arg3, char32 *arg4) {
	int64 n = Melder_atoi (arg1);
	double t = 0.0;
	(void) arg1;
	(void) arg2;
	(void) arg3;
	(void) arg4;
	Melder_clearInfo ();
	Melder_stopwatch ();
	switch (itest) {
		case kPraatTests_TIME_RANDOM_FRACTION: {
			for (int64 i = 1; i <= n; i ++)
				(void) NUMrandomFraction ();
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_RANDOM_GAUSS: {
			for (int64 i = 1; i <= n; i ++)
				(void) NUMrandomGauss (0.0, 1.0);
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_SORT: {
			long m = Melder_atoi (arg2);
			long *array = NUMvector <long> (1, m);
			for (int64 i = 1; i <= m; i ++)
				array [i] = NUMrandomInteger (1, 100);
			Melder_stopwatch ();
			for (int64 i = 1; i <= n; i ++)
				NUMsort_l (m, array);
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();
			NUMvector_free (array, 1);
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_INTEGER: {
			int64 sum = 0;
			for (int64 i = 1; i <= n; i ++)
				sum += i * (i - 1) * (i - 2);
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();
			MelderInfo_writeLine (sum);
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_FLOAT: {
			double sum = 0.0, fn = n;
			for (double fi = 1.0; fi <= fn; fi = fi + 1.0)
				sum += fi * (fi - 1.0) * (fi - 2.0);
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();
			MelderInfo_writeLine (sum);
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_FLOAT_TO_UNSIGNED_BUILTIN: {
			uint64_t sum = 0;
			double fn = n;
			for (double fi = 1.0; fi <= fn; fi = fi + 1.0)
				sum += (uint32) fi;
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();   // 2.59   // 1.60
			MelderInfo_writeLine (sum);
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_FLOAT_TO_UNSIGNED_EXTERN: {
			uint64_t sum = 0;
			double fn = n;
			for (double fi = 1.0; fi <= fn; fi = fi + 1.0)
				sum += (uint32) ((int32) (fi - 2147483648.0) + 2147483647L + 1);
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();   // 1.60
			MelderInfo_writeLine (sum);
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_UNSIGNED_TO_FLOAT_BUILTIN: {
			double sum = 0.0;
			uint32 nu = (uint32) n;
			for (uint32 iu = 1; iu <= nu; iu ++)
				sum += (double) iu;
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();   // 1.35
			MelderInfo_writeLine (sum);
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_UNSIGNED_TO_FLOAT_EXTERN: {
			double sum = 0.0;
			uint32 nu = (uint32) n;
			for (uint32 iu = 1; iu <= nu; iu ++)
				sum += (double) (int32) (iu - 2147483647L - 1) + 2147483648.0;
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();   // 0.96
			MelderInfo_writeLine (sum);
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_STRING_MELDER_32: {
			autoMelderString string;
			char32 word [] { U"abc" };
			word [2] = NUMrandomInteger ('a', 'z');
			for (int64 i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
				MelderString_copy (& string, word);
				for (int j = 1; j <= 30; j ++)
					MelderString_append (& string, word);
			}
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_STRING_MELDER_32_ALLOC: {
			char32 word [] { U"abc" };
			word [2] = NUMrandomInteger ('a', 'z');
			for (int64 i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
				autoMelderString string;
				MelderString_copy (& string, word);
				for (int j = 1; j <= 30; j ++)
					MelderString_append (& string, word);
			}
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_STRING_CPP_S: {
			std::string s = "";
			char word [] { "abc" };
			word [2] = (char) NUMrandomInteger ('a', 'z');
			for (int64 i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
				s = word;
				for (int j = 1; j <= 30; j ++)
					s += word;
			}
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_STRING_CPP_C: {
			std::basic_string<char> s = "";
			char word [] { "abc" };
			word [2] = (char) NUMrandomInteger ('a', 'z');
			for (int64 i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
				s = word;
				for (int j = 1; j <= 30; j ++)
					s += word;
			}
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_STRING_CPP_WS: {
			std::wstring s = L"";
			wchar_t word [] { L"abc" };
			word [2] = NUMrandomInteger ('a', 'z');
			for (int64 i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
				s = word;
				for (int j = 1; j <= 30; j ++)
					s += word;
			}
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_STRING_CPP_WC: {
			std::basic_string<wchar_t> s = L"";
			wchar_t word [] { L"abc" };
			word [2] = NUMrandomInteger ('a', 'z');
			for (int64 i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
				s = word;
				for (int j = 1; j <= 30; j ++)
					s += word;
			}
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_STRING_CPP_32: {
			std::basic_string<char32_t> s = U"";
			char32 word [] { U"abc" };
			word [2] = NUMrandomInteger ('a', 'z');
			for (int64 i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
				s = word;
				for (int j = 1; j <= 30; j ++)
					s += word;
			}
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_STRING_CPP_U32STRING: {
			std::u32string s = U"";
			char32 word [] { U"abc" };
			word [2] = NUMrandomInteger ('a', 'z');
			for (int64 i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
				s = word;
				for (int j = 1; j <= 30; j ++)
					s += word;
			}
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_STRCPY: {
			char buffer [100];
			char word [] { "abc" };
			word [2] = (char) NUMrandomInteger ('a', 'z');
			for (int64 i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
				strcpy (buffer, word);
				for (int j = 1; j <= 30; j ++)
					strcpy (buffer + strlen (buffer), word);
			}
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();
			MelderInfo_writeLine (Melder_peek8to32 (buffer));
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_WCSCPY: {
			wchar_t buffer [100];
			wchar_t word [] { L"abc" };
			word [2] = NUMrandomInteger ('a', 'z');
			for (int64 i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
				wcscpy (buffer, word);
				for (int j = 1; j <= 30; j ++)
					wcscpy (buffer + wcslen (buffer), word);
			}
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_STR32CPY: {
			char32 buffer [100];
			char32 word [] { U"abc" };
			word [2] = NUMrandomInteger ('a', 'z');
			for (int64 i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
				str32cpy (buffer, word);
				for (int j = 1; j <= 30; j ++)
					str32cpy (buffer + str32len (buffer), word);
			}
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();
			MelderInfo_writeLine (buffer);
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_TIME_GRAPHICS_TEXT_TOP: {
			autoPraatPicture picture;
			for (int64 i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
				Graphics_textTop (GRAPHICS, false, U"hello world");
			}
			t = Melder_stopwatch ();
		} break;
		case kPraatTests_THING_AUTO: {
			int numberOfThingsBefore = theTotalNumberOfThings;
			{
				Melder_casual (U"1\n");
				autoDaata data = Thing_new (Daata);
				Thing_setName (data.get(), U"hello");
				Melder_casual (U"2\n");
				testData (data.get());
				testAutoData (data.move());
				autoDaata data18 = Thing_new (Daata);
				testAutoData (data18.move());
				fprintf (stderr, "3\n");
				autoDaata data2 = newAutoData ();
				fprintf (stderr, "4\n");
				autoDaata data3 = newAutoData ();
				fprintf (stderr, "5\n");
				//data2 = data;   // disabled l-value copy assignment from same class
				fprintf (stderr, "6\n");
				autoOrdered ordered = Thing_new (Ordered);
				fprintf (stderr, "7\n");
				//data = ordered;   // disabled l-value copy assignment from subclass
				data = ordered.move();
				//ordered = data;   // disabled l-value copy assignment from superclass
				//ordered = data.move();   // assignment from superclass to subclass is rightfully refused by compiler
				fprintf (stderr, "8\n");
				data2 = newAutoData ();
				fprintf (stderr, "8a\n");
				autoDaata data5 = newAutoData ();
				fprintf (stderr, "8b\n");
				data2 = data5.move();
				fprintf (stderr, "9\n");
				//ordered = data;   // rightfully refused by compiler
				fprintf (stderr, "10\n");
				//autoOrdered ordered2 = Thing_new (Daata);   // rightfully refused by compiler
				fprintf (stderr, "11\n");
				autoDaata data4 = Thing_new (Ordered);   // constructor
				fprintf (stderr, "12\n");
				//autoDaata data6 = data4;   // disabled l-value copy constructor from same class
				fprintf (stderr, "13\n");
				autoDaata data7 = data4.move();
				fprintf (stderr, "14\n");
				autoOrdered ordered3 = Thing_new (Ordered);
				autoDaata data8 = ordered3.move();
				fprintf (stderr, "15\n");
				//autoDaata data9 = ordered;   // disabled l-value copy constructor from subclass
				fprintf (stderr, "16\n");
				autoDaata data10 = data7.move();
				fprintf (stderr, "17\n");
				autoDaata data11 = Thing_new (Daata);   // constructor, move assignment, null destructor
				fprintf (stderr, "18\n");
				data11 = Thing_new (Ordered);
				fprintf (stderr, "19\n");
				testAutoDataRef (data11);
				fprintf (stderr, "20\n");
				//data11 = nullptr;   // disabled implicit assignment of pointer to autopointer
				fprintf (stderr, "21\n");
			}
			int numberOfThingsAfter = theTotalNumberOfThings;
			fprintf (stderr, "Number of things: before %d, after %d\n", numberOfThingsBefore, numberOfThingsAfter);
			#if 1
				MelderCallback<void,structDaata>::FunctionType f;
				typedef void (*DataFunc) (Daata);
				typedef void (*OrderedFunc) (Ordered);
				DataFunc dataFun;
				OrderedFunc orderedFun;
				MelderCallback<void,structDaata> dataFun2 (dataFun);
				MelderCallback<void,structOrdered> orderedFun2 (orderedFun);
				MelderCallback<void,structDaata> dataFun3 (orderedFun);
				//MelderCallback<void,structOrdered> orderedFun3 (dataFun);   // rightfully refused by compiler
				autoDaata data = Thing_new (Daata);
				dataFun3 (data.get());
			#endif
		} break;
	}
	MelderInfo_writeLine (Melder_single (t / n * 1e9), U" nanoseconds");
	MelderInfo_close ();
	return 1;
}