int ec_edgenerate(struct ec_key *key, int bits, progfn_t pfn, void *pfnparam) { struct ec_point *publicKey; if (!ec_ed_alg_and_curve_by_bits(bits, &key->publicKey.curve, &key->signalg)) return 0; { /* EdDSA secret keys are just 32 bytes of hash preimage; the * 64-byte SHA-512 hash of that key will be used when signing, * but the form of the key stored on disk is the preimage * only. */ Bignum privMax = bn_power_2(bits); if (!privMax) return 0; key->privateKey = bignum_random_in_range(Zero, privMax); freebn(privMax); if (!key->privateKey) return 0; } publicKey = ec_public(key->privateKey, key->publicKey.curve); if (!publicKey) { freebn(key->privateKey); key->privateKey = NULL; return 0; } key->publicKey.x = publicKey->x; key->publicKey.y = publicKey->y; key->publicKey.z = NULL; sfree(publicKey); return 1; }
/* * DH stage 1: invent a number x between 1 and q, and compute e = * g^x mod p. Return e. * * If `nbits' is greater than zero, it is used as an upper limit * for the number of bits in x. This is safe provided that (a) you * use twice as many bits in x as the number of bits you expect to * use in your session key, and (b) the DH group is a safe prime * (which SSH demands that it must be). * * P. C. van Oorschot, M. J. Wiener * "On Diffie-Hellman Key Agreement with Short Exponents". * Advances in Cryptology: Proceedings of Eurocrypt '96 * Springer-Verlag, May 1996. */ Bignum dh_create_e(void *handle, int nbits) { struct dh_ctx *ctx = (struct dh_ctx *)handle; int i; int nbytes; unsigned char *buf; nbytes = ssh1_bignum_length(ctx->qmask); buf = snewn(nbytes, unsigned char); do { /* * Create a potential x, by ANDing a string of random bytes * with qmask. */ if (ctx->x) freebn(ctx->x); if (nbits == 0 || nbits > bignum_bitcount(ctx->qmask)) { ssh1_write_bignum(buf, ctx->qmask); for (i = 2; i < nbytes; i++) buf[i] &= random_byte(); ssh1_read_bignum(buf, nbytes, &ctx->x); /* can't fail */ } else { int b, nb; ctx->x = bn_power_2(nbits); b = nb = 0; for (i = 0; i < nbits; i++) { if (nb == 0) { nb = 8; b = random_byte(); } bignum_set_bit(ctx->x, i, b & 1); b >>= 1; nb--; } } } while (bignum_cmp(ctx->x, One) <= 0 || bignum_cmp(ctx->x, ctx->q) >= 0); sfree(buf); /* * Done. Now compute e = g^x mod p. */ ctx->e = modpow(ctx->g, ctx->x, ctx->p); return ctx->e; }
int dsa_generate(struct dss_key *key, int bits, progfn_t pfn, void *pfnparam) { Bignum qm1, power, g, h, tmp; unsigned pfirst, qfirst; int progress; /* * Set up the phase limits for the progress report. We do this * by passing minus the phase number. * * For prime generation: our initial filter finds things * coprime to everything below 2^16. Computing the product of * (p-1)/p for all prime p below 2^16 gives about 20.33; so * among B-bit integers, one in every 20.33 will get through * the initial filter to be a candidate prime. * * Meanwhile, we are searching for primes in the region of 2^B; * since pi(x) ~ x/log(x), when x is in the region of 2^B, the * prime density will be d/dx pi(x) ~ 1/log(B), i.e. about * 1/0.6931B. So the chance of any given candidate being prime * is 20.33/0.6931B, which is roughly 29.34 divided by B. * * So now we have this probability P, we're looking at an * exponential distribution with parameter P: we will manage in * one attempt with probability P, in two with probability * P(1-P), in three with probability P(1-P)^2, etc. The * probability that we have still not managed to find a prime * after N attempts is (1-P)^N. * * We therefore inform the progress indicator of the number B * (29.34/B), so that it knows how much to increment by each * time. We do this in 16-bit fixed point, so 29.34 becomes * 0x1D.57C4. */ pfn(pfnparam, PROGFN_PHASE_EXTENT, 1, 0x2800); pfn(pfnparam, PROGFN_EXP_PHASE, 1, -0x1D57C4 / 160); pfn(pfnparam, PROGFN_PHASE_EXTENT, 2, 0x40 * bits); pfn(pfnparam, PROGFN_EXP_PHASE, 2, -0x1D57C4 / bits); /* * In phase three we are finding an order-q element of the * multiplicative group of p, by finding an element whose order * is _divisible_ by q and raising it to the power of (p-1)/q. * _Most_ elements will have order divisible by q, since for a * start phi(p) of them will be primitive roots. So * realistically we don't need to set this much below 1 (64K). * Still, we'll set it to 1/2 (32K) to be on the safe side. */ pfn(pfnparam, PROGFN_PHASE_EXTENT, 3, 0x2000); pfn(pfnparam, PROGFN_EXP_PHASE, 3, -32768); /* * In phase four we are finding an element x between 1 and q-1 * (exclusive), by inventing 160 random bits and hoping they * come out to a plausible number; so assuming q is uniformly * distributed between 2^159 and 2^160, the chance of any given * attempt succeeding is somewhere between 0.5 and 1. Lacking * the energy to arrange to be able to specify this probability * _after_ generating q, we'll just set it to 0.75. */ pfn(pfnparam, PROGFN_PHASE_EXTENT, 4, 0x2000); pfn(pfnparam, PROGFN_EXP_PHASE, 4, -49152); pfn(pfnparam, PROGFN_READY, 0, 0); invent_firstbits(&pfirst, &qfirst); /* * Generate q: a prime of length 160. */ key->q = primegen(160, 2, 2, NULL, 1, pfn, pfnparam, qfirst); /* * Now generate p: a prime of length `bits', such that p-1 is * divisible by q. */ key->p = primegen(bits-160, 2, 2, key->q, 2, pfn, pfnparam, pfirst); /* * Next we need g. Raise 2 to the power (p-1)/q modulo p, and * if that comes out to one then try 3, then 4 and so on. As * soon as we hit a non-unit (and non-zero!) one, that'll do * for g. */ power = bigdiv(key->p, key->q); /* this is floor(p/q) == (p-1)/q */ h = bignum_from_long(1); progress = 0; while (1) { pfn(pfnparam, PROGFN_PROGRESS, 3, ++progress); g = modpow(h, power, key->p); if (bignum_cmp(g, One) > 0) break; /* got one */ tmp = h; h = bignum_add_long(h, 1); freebn(tmp); } key->g = g; freebn(h); /* * Now we're nearly done. All we need now is our private key x, * which should be a number between 1 and q-1 exclusive, and * our public key y = g^x mod p. */ qm1 = copybn(key->q); decbn(qm1); progress = 0; while (1) { int i, v, byte, bitsleft; Bignum x; pfn(pfnparam, PROGFN_PROGRESS, 4, ++progress); x = bn_power_2(159); byte = 0; bitsleft = 0; for (i = 0; i < 160; i++) { if (bitsleft <= 0) bitsleft = 8, byte = random_byte(); v = byte & 1; byte >>= 1; bitsleft--; bignum_set_bit(x, i, v); } if (bignum_cmp(x, One) <= 0 || bignum_cmp(x, qm1) >= 0) { freebn(x); continue; } else { key->x = x; break; } } freebn(qm1); key->y = modpow(key->g, key->x, key->p); return 1; }