Exemplo n.º 1
0
inline
bool
cg_int(arma::vec& init_out_vals, std::function<double (const arma::vec& vals_inp, arma::vec* grad_out, void* opt_data)> opt_objfn, void* opt_data, algo_settings_t* settings_inp)
{
    // notation: 'p' stands for '+1'.
    //
    bool success = false;
    
    const size_t n_vals = init_out_vals.n_elem;

    //
    // CG settings

    algo_settings_t settings;

    if (settings_inp) {
        settings = *settings_inp;
    }
    
    const uint_t conv_failure_switch = settings.conv_failure_switch;
    const uint_t iter_max = settings.iter_max;
    const double err_tol = settings.err_tol;

    const uint_t cg_method = settings.cg_method; // update method
    const double cg_restart_threshold = settings.cg_restart_threshold;

    const double wolfe_cons_1 = 1E-03; // line search tuning parameters
    const double wolfe_cons_2 = 0.10;

    const bool vals_bound = settings.vals_bound;
    
    const arma::vec lower_bounds = settings.lower_bounds;
    const arma::vec upper_bounds = settings.upper_bounds;

    const arma::uvec bounds_type = determine_bounds_type(vals_bound, n_vals, lower_bounds, upper_bounds);

    // lambda function for box constraints

    std::function<double (const arma::vec& vals_inp, arma::vec* grad_out, void* box_data)> box_objfn \
    = [opt_objfn, vals_bound, bounds_type, lower_bounds, upper_bounds] (const arma::vec& vals_inp, arma::vec* grad_out, void* opt_data) \
    -> double 
    {
        if (vals_bound)
        {
            arma::vec vals_inv_trans = inv_transform(vals_inp, bounds_type, lower_bounds, upper_bounds);
            double ret;
            
            if (grad_out)
            {
                arma::vec grad_obj = *grad_out;

                ret = opt_objfn(vals_inv_trans,&grad_obj,opt_data);

                // arma::mat jacob_matrix = jacobian_adjust(vals_inp,bounds_type,lower_bounds,upper_bounds);
                arma::vec jacob_vec = arma::diagvec(jacobian_adjust(vals_inp,bounds_type,lower_bounds,upper_bounds));

                // *grad_out = jacob_matrix * grad_obj; // no need for transpose as jacob_matrix is diagonal
                *grad_out = jacob_vec % grad_obj;
            }
            else
            {
                ret = opt_objfn(vals_inv_trans,nullptr,opt_data);
            }

            return ret;
        }
        else
        {
            return opt_objfn(vals_inp,grad_out,opt_data);
        }
    };

    //
    // initialization

    arma::vec x = init_out_vals;

    if (!x.is_finite())
    {
        printf("cg error: non-finite initial value(s).\n");
        return false;
    }

    if (vals_bound) { // should we transform the parameters?
        x = transform(x, bounds_type, lower_bounds, upper_bounds);
    }

    arma::vec grad(n_vals); // gradient
    box_objfn(x,&grad,opt_data);

    // double err = arma::accu(arma::abs(grad));
    double err = arma::norm(grad, 2);
    if (err <= err_tol) {
        return true;
    }

    //

    double t_init = 1.0; // initial value for line search

    arma::vec d = - grad, d_p;
    arma::vec x_p = x, grad_p = grad;

    double t = line_search_mt(t_init, x_p, grad_p, d, &wolfe_cons_1, &wolfe_cons_2, box_objfn, opt_data);

    err = arma::norm(grad_p, 2);
    if (err <= err_tol)
    {
        init_out_vals = x_p;
        return true;
    }

    //
    // begin loop

    uint_t iter = 0;

    while (err > err_tol && iter < iter_max)
    {
        iter++;

        //

        double beta = cg_update(grad,grad_p,d,iter,cg_method,cg_restart_threshold);
        d_p = - grad_p + beta*d;

        t_init = t * (arma::dot(grad,d) / arma::dot(grad_p,d_p));

        grad = grad_p;

        t = line_search_mt(t_init, x_p, grad_p, d, &wolfe_cons_1, &wolfe_cons_2, box_objfn, opt_data);

        //

        err = arma::norm(grad_p, 2);
        d = d_p;
        x = x_p;
    }

    //

    if (vals_bound) {
        x_p = inv_transform(x_p, bounds_type, lower_bounds, upper_bounds);
    }

    error_reporting(init_out_vals,x_p,opt_objfn,opt_data,success,err,err_tol,iter,iter_max,conv_failure_switch,settings_inp);

    //

    return success;
}
Exemplo n.º 2
0
Arquivo: de.cpp Projeto: kthohr/BMR
bool
mcmc::de_int(const arma::vec& initial_vals, arma::cube& draws_out, std::function<double (const arma::vec& vals_inp, void* target_data)> target_log_kernel, void* target_data, algo_settings_t* settings_inp)
{
    bool success = false;

    const size_t n_vals = initial_vals.n_elem;
    
    //
    // DE settings

    algo_settings_t settings;

    if (settings_inp) {
        settings = *settings_inp;
    }

    const size_t n_pop    = settings.de_n_pop;
    const size_t n_gen    = settings.de_n_gen;
    const size_t n_burnin = settings.de_n_burnin;

    const bool jumps = settings.de_jumps;
    const double par_b = settings.de_par_b;
    // const double par_gamma = settings.de_par_gamma;
    const double par_gamma = 2.38 / std::sqrt(2.0*n_vals);
    const double par_gamma_jump = settings.de_par_gamma_jump;

    const arma::vec par_initial_lb = (settings.de_initial_lb.n_elem == n_vals) ? settings.de_initial_lb : initial_vals - 0.5;
    const arma::vec par_initial_ub = (settings.de_initial_ub.n_elem == n_vals) ? settings.de_initial_ub : initial_vals + 0.5;

    const bool vals_bound = settings.vals_bound;

    const arma::vec lower_bounds = settings.lower_bounds;
    const arma::vec upper_bounds = settings.upper_bounds;

    const arma::uvec bounds_type = determine_bounds_type(vals_bound, n_vals, lower_bounds, upper_bounds);

    // lambda function for box constraints

    std::function<double (const arma::vec& vals_inp, void* box_data)> box_log_kernel \
    = [target_log_kernel, vals_bound, bounds_type, lower_bounds, upper_bounds] (const arma::vec& vals_inp, void* target_data) \
    -> double
    {
        if (vals_bound)
        {
            arma::vec vals_inv_trans = inv_transform(vals_inp, bounds_type, lower_bounds, upper_bounds);

            return target_log_kernel(vals_inv_trans, target_data) + log_jacobian(vals_inp, bounds_type, lower_bounds, upper_bounds);
        } 
        else
        {
            return target_log_kernel(vals_inp, target_data);
        }
    };

    //
    arma::vec target_vals(n_pop);
    arma::mat X(n_pop,n_vals);

#ifdef MCMC_USE_OPENMP
    #pragma omp parallel for
#endif
    for (size_t i=0; i < n_pop; i++)
    {
        X.row(i) = par_initial_lb.t() + (par_initial_ub.t() - par_initial_lb.t())%arma::randu(1,n_vals);

        double prop_kernel_val = box_log_kernel(X.row(i).t(),target_data);

        if (!std::isfinite(prop_kernel_val)) {
            prop_kernel_val = neginf;
        }
        
        target_vals(i) = prop_kernel_val;
    }

    //
    // begin MCMC run

    draws_out.set_size(n_pop,n_vals,n_gen);

    int n_accept = 0;
    double par_gamma_run = par_gamma;
    
    for (size_t j=0; j < n_gen + n_burnin; j++) 
    {
        double temperature_j = de_cooling_schedule(j,n_gen);
        
        if (jumps && ((j+1) % 10 == 0)) {
            par_gamma_run = par_gamma_jump;
        }

#ifdef MCMC_USE_OPENMP
        #pragma omp parallel for
#endif
            for (size_t i=0; i < n_pop; i++) {

                uint_t R_1, R_2;

                do {
                    R_1 = arma::as_scalar(arma::randi(1, arma::distr_param(0, n_pop-1)));
                } while(R_1==i);

                do {
                    R_2 = arma::as_scalar(arma::randi(1, arma::distr_param(0, n_pop-1)));
                } while(R_2==i || R_2==R_1);

                //

                arma::vec prop_rand = arma::randu(n_vals,1)*(2*par_b) - par_b; // generate a vector of U[-b,b] RVs

                arma::rowvec X_prop = X.row(i) + par_gamma_run * ( X.row(R_1) - X.row(R_2) ) + prop_rand;
                
                double prop_kernel_val = box_log_kernel(X_prop.t(),target_data);
                
                if (!std::isfinite(prop_kernel_val)) {
                    prop_kernel_val = neginf;
                }
                
                //
                
                double comp_val = prop_kernel_val - target_vals(i);
                double z = arma::as_scalar(arma::randu(1,1));

                if (comp_val > temperature_j * std::log(z)) {
                    X.row(i) = X_prop;
                    
                    target_vals(i) = prop_kernel_val;
                    
                    if (j >= n_burnin) {
                        n_accept++;
                    }
                }
            }
        
        //

        if (j >= n_burnin) {
            draws_out.slice(j-n_burnin) = X;
        }
        
        if (jumps && ((j+1) % 10 == 0)) {
            par_gamma_run = par_gamma;
        }
    }

    success = true;

    //
    
    if (vals_bound) {
#ifdef MCMC_USE_OPENMP
        #pragma omp parallel for
#endif
        for (size_t ii = 0; ii < n_gen; ii++) {
            for (size_t jj = 0; jj < n_pop; jj++) {
                draws_out.slice(ii).row(jj) = arma::trans(inv_transform(draws_out.slice(ii).row(jj).t(), bounds_type, lower_bounds, upper_bounds));
            }
        }
    }
    
    if (settings_inp) {
        settings_inp->de_accept_rate = static_cast<double>(n_accept) / static_cast<double>(n_pop*n_gen);
    }

    //
    
    return success;
}
Exemplo n.º 3
0
inline
bool
pso_int(arma::vec& init_out_vals, std::function<double (const arma::vec& vals_inp, arma::vec* grad_out, void* opt_data)> opt_objfn, void* opt_data, algo_settings_t* settings_inp)
{
    bool success = false;

    const size_t n_vals = init_out_vals.n_elem;

    //
    // PSO settings

    algo_settings_t settings;

    if (settings_inp) {
        settings = *settings_inp;
    }

    const uint_t conv_failure_switch = settings.conv_failure_switch;
    const double err_tol = settings.err_tol;

    const bool center_particle = settings.pso_center_particle;

    const size_t n_pop = (center_particle) ? settings.pso_n_pop + 1 : settings.pso_n_pop;
    const size_t n_gen = settings.pso_n_gen;
    const uint_t check_freq = (settings.pso_check_freq > 0) ? settings.pso_check_freq : n_gen ;

    const uint_t inertia_method = settings.pso_inertia_method;

    double par_w = settings.pso_par_initial_w;
    const double par_w_max = settings.pso_par_w_max;
    const double par_w_min = settings.pso_par_w_min;
    const double par_damp = settings.pso_par_w_damp;

    const uint_t velocity_method = settings.pso_velocity_method;

    double par_c_cog = settings.pso_par_c_cog;
    double par_c_soc = settings.pso_par_c_soc;

    const double par_initial_c_cog = settings.pso_par_initial_c_cog;
    const double par_final_c_cog = settings.pso_par_final_c_cog;
    const double par_initial_c_soc = settings.pso_par_initial_c_soc;
    const double par_final_c_soc = settings.pso_par_final_c_soc;

    const arma::vec par_initial_lb = (settings.pso_initial_lb.n_elem == n_vals) ? settings.pso_initial_lb : init_out_vals - 0.5;
    const arma::vec par_initial_ub = (settings.pso_initial_ub.n_elem == n_vals) ? settings.pso_initial_ub : init_out_vals + 0.5;

    const bool vals_bound = settings.vals_bound;
    
    const arma::vec lower_bounds = settings.lower_bounds;
    const arma::vec upper_bounds = settings.upper_bounds;

    const arma::uvec bounds_type = determine_bounds_type(vals_bound, n_vals, lower_bounds, upper_bounds);

    // lambda function for box constraints

    std::function<double (const arma::vec& vals_inp, arma::vec* grad_out, void* box_data)> box_objfn \
    = [opt_objfn, vals_bound, bounds_type, lower_bounds, upper_bounds] (const arma::vec& vals_inp, arma::vec* grad_out, void* opt_data) \
    -> double 
    {
        if (vals_bound)
        {
            arma::vec vals_inv_trans = inv_transform(vals_inp, bounds_type, lower_bounds, upper_bounds);
            
            return opt_objfn(vals_inv_trans,nullptr,opt_data);
        }
        else
        {
            return opt_objfn(vals_inp,nullptr,opt_data);
        }
    };

    //
    // initialize

    arma::vec objfn_vals(n_pop);
    arma::mat P(n_pop,n_vals);

#ifdef OPTIM_USE_OMP
    #pragma omp parallel for
#endif
    for (size_t i=0; i < n_pop; i++) 
    {
        if (center_particle && i == n_pop - 1) {
            P.row(i) = arma::sum(P.rows(0,n_pop-2),0) / static_cast<double>(n_pop-1); // center vector
        } else {
            P.row(i) = par_initial_lb.t() + (par_initial_ub.t() - par_initial_lb.t())%arma::randu(1,n_vals);
        }

        double prop_objfn_val = opt_objfn(P.row(i).t(),nullptr,opt_data);

        if (!std::isfinite(prop_objfn_val)) {
            prop_objfn_val = inf;
        }
        
        objfn_vals(i) = prop_objfn_val;

        if (vals_bound) {
            P.row(i) = arma::trans( transform(P.row(i).t(), bounds_type, lower_bounds, upper_bounds) );
        }
    }

    arma::vec best_vals = objfn_vals;
    arma::mat best_vecs = P;

    double global_best_val = objfn_vals.min();
    double global_best_val_check = global_best_val;
    arma::rowvec global_best_vec = P.row( objfn_vals.index_min() );

    //
    // begin loop

    uint_t iter = 0;
    double err = 2.0*err_tol;

    arma::mat V = arma::zeros(n_pop,n_vals);

    while (err > err_tol && iter < n_gen)
    {
        iter++;
        
        //
        // parameter updating

        if (inertia_method == 1) {
            par_w = par_w_min + (par_w_max - par_w_min) * (iter + 1) / n_gen;
        } else {
            par_w *= par_damp;
        }

        if (velocity_method == 2)
        {
            par_c_cog = par_initial_c_cog - (par_initial_c_cog - par_final_c_cog) * (iter + 1) / n_gen;
            par_c_soc = par_initial_c_soc - (par_initial_c_soc - par_final_c_soc) * (iter + 1) / n_gen;
        }

        //
        // population loop

#ifdef OPTIM_USE_OMP
        #pragma omp parallel for 
#endif
        for (size_t i=0; i < n_pop; i++)
        {
            if ( !(center_particle && i == n_pop - 1) )
            {
                V.row(i) = par_w*V.row(i) + par_c_cog*arma::randu(1,n_vals)%(best_vecs.row(i) - P.row(i)) + par_c_soc*arma::randu(1,n_vals)%(global_best_vec - P.row(i));

                P.row(i) += V.row(i);
            }
            else
            {
                P.row(i) = arma::sum(P.rows(0,n_pop-2),0) / static_cast<double>(n_pop-1); // center vector
            }
            
            //

            double prop_objfn_val = box_objfn(P.row(i).t(),nullptr,opt_data);

            if (!std::isfinite(prop_objfn_val)) {
                prop_objfn_val = inf;
            }
        
            objfn_vals(i) = prop_objfn_val;
                
            if (objfn_vals(i) < best_vals(i))
            {
                best_vals(i) = objfn_vals(i);
                best_vecs.row(i) = P.row(i);
            }
        }

        uint_t min_objfn_val_index = best_vals.index_min();
        double min_objfn_val = best_vals(min_objfn_val_index);

        if (min_objfn_val < global_best_val)
        {
            global_best_val = min_objfn_val;
            global_best_vec = best_vecs.row( min_objfn_val_index );
        }

        if (iter%check_freq == 0) 
        {   
            err = std::abs(global_best_val - global_best_val_check) / (1.0 + std::abs(global_best_val));
            
            if (global_best_val < global_best_val_check) {
                global_best_val_check = global_best_val;
            }
        }
    }

    //

    if (vals_bound) {
        global_best_vec = arma::trans( inv_transform(global_best_vec.t(), bounds_type, lower_bounds, upper_bounds) );
    }

    error_reporting(init_out_vals,global_best_vec.t(),opt_objfn,opt_data,success,err,err_tol,iter,n_gen,conv_failure_switch,settings_inp);

    //

    return true;
}
Exemplo n.º 4
0
inline
bool
de_prmm_int(arma::vec& init_out_vals, std::function<double (const arma::vec& vals_inp, arma::vec* grad_out, void* opt_data)> opt_objfn, void* opt_data, algo_settings_t* settings_inp)
{
    bool success = false;

    const size_t n_vals = init_out_vals.n_elem;

    //
    // DE settings

    algo_settings_t settings;

    if (settings_inp) {
        settings = *settings_inp;
    }

    const uint_t conv_failure_switch = settings.conv_failure_switch;
    const double err_tol = settings.err_tol;

    size_t n_pop = settings.de_n_pop;
    // const size_t check_freq = settings.de_check_freq;

    const double par_initial_F = settings.de_par_F;
    const double par_initial_CR = settings.de_par_CR;

    const arma::vec par_initial_lb = (settings.de_initial_lb.n_elem == n_vals) ? settings.de_initial_lb : init_out_vals - 0.5;
    const arma::vec par_initial_ub = (settings.de_initial_ub.n_elem == n_vals) ? settings.de_initial_ub : init_out_vals + 0.5;

    const double F_l = settings.de_par_F_l;
    const double F_u = settings.de_par_F_u;
    const double tau_F  = settings.de_par_tau_F;
    const double tau_CR = settings.de_par_tau_CR;

    arma::vec F_vec(n_pop), CR_vec(n_pop);
    F_vec.fill(par_initial_F);
    CR_vec.fill(par_initial_CR);

    const uint_t max_fn_eval = settings.de_max_fn_eval;
    const uint_t pmax = settings.de_pmax;
    const size_t n_pop_best = settings.de_n_pop_best;

    const double d_eps = 0.5;

    size_t n_gen = std::ceil(max_fn_eval / (pmax*n_pop));

    const bool vals_bound = settings.vals_bound;
    
    const arma::vec lower_bounds = settings.lower_bounds;
    const arma::vec upper_bounds = settings.upper_bounds;

    const arma::uvec bounds_type = determine_bounds_type(vals_bound, n_vals, lower_bounds, upper_bounds);

    // lambda function for box constraints

    std::function<double (const arma::vec& vals_inp, arma::vec* grad_out, void* box_data)> box_objfn \
    = [opt_objfn, vals_bound, bounds_type, lower_bounds, upper_bounds] (const arma::vec& vals_inp, arma::vec* grad_out, void* opt_data) \
    -> double 
    {
        if (vals_bound)
        {
            arma::vec vals_inv_trans = inv_transform(vals_inp, bounds_type, lower_bounds, upper_bounds);
            
            return opt_objfn(vals_inv_trans,nullptr,opt_data);
        }
        else
        {
            return opt_objfn(vals_inp,nullptr,opt_data);
        }
    };

    //
    // setup

    arma::vec objfn_vals(n_pop);
    arma::mat X(n_pop,n_vals), X_next(n_pop,n_vals);

#ifdef OPTIM_USE_OMP
    #pragma omp parallel for
#endif
    for (size_t i=0; i < n_pop; i++) 
    {
        X_next.row(i) = par_initial_lb.t() + (par_initial_ub.t() - par_initial_lb.t())%arma::randu(1,n_vals);

        double prop_objfn_val = opt_objfn(X_next.row(i).t(),nullptr,opt_data);

        if (!std::isfinite(prop_objfn_val)) {
            prop_objfn_val = inf;
        }
        
        objfn_vals(i) = prop_objfn_val;

        if (vals_bound) {
            X_next.row(i) = arma::trans( transform(X_next.row(i).t(), bounds_type, lower_bounds, upper_bounds) );
        }
    }

    double best_objfn_val_running = objfn_vals.min();
    // double best_objfn_val_check   = best_objfn_val_running;

    double best_val_main = best_objfn_val_running;
    double best_val_best = best_objfn_val_running;

    arma::rowvec best_sol_running = X_next.row( objfn_vals.index_min() );
    arma::rowvec best_vec_main = best_sol_running;
    arma::rowvec best_vec_best = best_sol_running;

    arma::rowvec xchg_vec = best_sol_running;

    //

    uint_t n_reset = 1;
    uint_t iter = 0;
    double err = 2*err_tol;

    while (err > err_tol && iter < n_gen + 1)
    {
        iter++;

        //
        // population reduction step

        if (iter == n_gen && n_reset < 4)
        {
            size_t n_pop_temp = n_pop/2;

            arma::vec objfn_vals_reset(n_pop_temp);
            arma::mat X_reset(n_pop_temp,n_vals);

#ifdef OPTIM_USE_OMP
            #pragma omp parallel for
#endif
            for (size_t j=0; j < n_pop_temp; j++) 
            {
                if (objfn_vals(j) < objfn_vals(j + n_pop_temp)) 
                {
                    X_reset.row(j) = X_next.row(j);
                    objfn_vals_reset(j) = objfn_vals(j);
                }
                else
                {
                    X_reset.row(j) = X_next.row(j + n_pop_temp);
                    objfn_vals_reset(j) = objfn_vals(j + n_pop_temp);
                }
            }

            objfn_vals = objfn_vals_reset;
            X_next = X_reset;

            n_pop /= 2;
            n_gen *= 2;

            iter = 1;
            n_reset++;
        }

        X = X_next;

        //
        // first population: n_pop - n_pop_best
        

#ifdef OPTIM_USE_OMP
        #pragma omp parallel for
#endif
        for (size_t i=0; i < n_pop - n_pop_best; i++)
        {
            arma::vec rand_pars = arma::randu(4);

            if (rand_pars(0) < tau_F) {
                F_vec(i) = F_l + (F_u-F_l)*rand_pars(1);
            }

            if (rand_pars(2) < tau_CR) {
                CR_vec(i) = rand_pars(3);
            }

            //

            uint_t c_1, c_2, c_3;

            do {
                c_1 = arma::as_scalar(arma::randi(1, arma::distr_param(0, n_pop-1)));
            } while(c_1==i);

            do {
                c_2 = arma::as_scalar(arma::randi(1, arma::distr_param(0, n_pop-1)));
            } while(c_2==i || c_2==c_1);

            do {
                c_3 = arma::as_scalar(arma::randi(1, arma::distr_param(0, n_pop-1)));
            } while(c_3==i || c_3==c_1 || c_3==c_2);

            //

            size_t j = arma::as_scalar(arma::randi(1, arma::distr_param(0, n_vals-1)));

            arma::vec rand_unif = arma::randu(n_vals);
            arma::rowvec X_prop(n_vals);

            for (size_t k=0; k < n_vals; k++)
            {
                if ( rand_unif(k) < CR_vec(i) || k == j )
                {
                    double r_s = arma::as_scalar(arma::randu(1));

                    if ( r_s < 0.75 || n_pop >= 100 ) {
                        X_prop(k) = X(c_3,k) + F_vec(i)*(X(c_1,k) - X(c_2,k));
                    } else {
                        X_prop(k) = best_vec_main(k) + F_vec(i)*(X(c_1,k) - X(c_2,k));
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    X_prop(k) = X(i,k);
                }
            }

            //

            double prop_objfn_val = box_objfn(X_prop.t(),nullptr,opt_data);
            
            if (prop_objfn_val <= objfn_vals(i))
            {
                X_next.row(i) = X_prop;
                objfn_vals(i) = prop_objfn_val;
            }
            else
            {
                X_next.row(i) = X.row(i);
            }
        }

        best_val_main = objfn_vals.rows(0,n_pop - n_pop_best - 1).min();
        best_vec_main = X_next.rows(0,n_pop - n_pop_best - 1).row( objfn_vals.rows(0,n_pop - n_pop_best - 1).index_min() );

        if (best_val_main < best_val_best) {
            xchg_vec = best_vec_main;
        }

        //
        // second population

        for (size_t i = n_pop - n_pop_best; i < n_pop; i++)
        {
            arma::vec rand_pars = arma::randu(4);

            if (rand_pars(0) < tau_F) {
                F_vec(i) = F_l + (F_u-F_l)*rand_pars(1);
            }

            if (rand_pars(2) < tau_CR) {
                CR_vec(i) = rand_pars(3);
            }

            //

            uint_t c_1, c_2;

            do {
                c_1 = arma::as_scalar(arma::randi(1, arma::distr_param(0, n_pop-1)));
            } while(c_1==i);

            do {
                c_2 = arma::as_scalar(arma::randi(1, arma::distr_param(0, n_pop-1)));
            } while(c_2==i || c_2==c_1);

            //

            size_t j = arma::as_scalar(arma::randi(1, arma::distr_param(0, n_vals-1)));

            arma::vec rand_unif = arma::randu(n_vals);
            arma::rowvec X_prop(n_vals);

            for (size_t k=0; k < n_vals; k++) {
                if ( rand_unif(k) < CR_vec(i) || k == j ) {
                    X_prop(k) = best_vec_best(k) + F_vec(i)*(X(c_1,k) - X(c_2,k));
                } else {
                    X_prop(k) = X(i,k);
                }
            }

            //

            double prop_objfn_val = box_objfn(X_prop.t(),nullptr,opt_data);
            
            if (prop_objfn_val <= objfn_vals(i))
            {
                X_next.row(i) = X_prop;
                objfn_vals(i) = prop_objfn_val;
            }
            else
            {
                X_next.row(i) = X.row(i);
            }
        }

        best_val_best = objfn_vals.rows(n_pop - n_pop_best, n_pop - 1).min();
        best_vec_best = X_next.rows(n_pop - n_pop_best, n_pop - 1).row( objfn_vals.rows(n_pop - n_pop_best, n_pop - 1).index_min() );

        if (best_val_best < best_val_main)
        {
            double the_sum = 0;

            for (size_t j=0; j < n_vals; j++) 
            {
                double min_val = X.col(j).min();

                the_sum += (best_vec_best(j) - min_val) / (xchg_vec(j) - min_val);
            }

            the_sum /= static_cast<double>(n_vals);

            if (std::abs(the_sum - 1.0) > d_eps) {
                best_vec_main = best_vec_best;
            } else {
                best_vec_best = best_vec_main;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            best_vec_best = best_vec_main;
        }

        //
        // assign running global minimum

        if (objfn_vals.min() < best_objfn_val_running)
        {
            best_objfn_val_running = objfn_vals.min();
            best_sol_running = X_next.row( objfn_vals.index_min() );
        }

        // if (iter%check_freq == 0) {
        //     // err = std::abs(objfn_vals.min() - best_objfn_val) / (std::abs(best_objfn_val) + 1E-08);
        //     err = std::abs(best_objfn_val_running - best_objfn_val_check);
        //     // best_objfn_val_check = objfn_vals.min();
        //     if (best_objfn_val_running < best_objfn_val_check) {
        //         best_objfn_val_check = best_objfn_val_running;
        //     }
        // }
    }

    //

    if (vals_bound) {
        best_sol_running = arma::trans( inv_transform(best_sol_running.t(), bounds_type, lower_bounds, upper_bounds) );
    }

    error_reporting(init_out_vals,best_sol_running.t(),opt_objfn,opt_data,success,err,err_tol,iter,n_gen,conv_failure_switch,settings_inp);

    //

    return true;
}