Exemplo n.º 1
0
Arquivo: ecos.c Projeto: mercelik/ecos
/*
 * Computes residuals.
 *
 * hrx = -A'*y - G'*z;  rx = hrx - c.*tau;  hresx = norm(rx,2);
 * hry = A*x;           ry = hry - b.*tau;  hresy = norm(ry,2);
 * hrz = s + G*x;       rz = hrz - h.*tau;  hresz = norm(rz,2);
 * rt = kappa + c'*x + b'*y + h'*z;
 */ 
void computeResiduals(pwork *w)
{
	/* rx = -A'*y - G'*z - c.*tau */
	if( w->p > 0 ) {
        sparseMtVm(w->A, w->y, w->rx, 1, 0);
        sparseMtVm(w->G, w->z, w->rx, 0, 0);
    } else {
        sparseMtVm(w->G, w->z, w->rx, 1, 0);
    }
	w->hresx = norm2(w->rx, w->n);
	vsubscale(w->n, w->tau, w->c, w->rx);    
		
	/* ry = A*x - b.*tau */
	if( w->p > 0 ){
        sparseMV(w->A, w->x, w->ry, 1, 1);
        w->hresy = norm2(w->ry, w->p);
        vsubscale(w->p, w->tau, w->b, w->ry);
    } else {
        w->hresy = 0;
        w->ry = NULL;
	}
    
	/* rz = s + G*x - h.*tau */
	sparseMV(w->G, w->x, w->rz, 1, 1);
	vadd(w->m, w->s, w->rz);
	w->hresz = norm2(w->rz, w->m);
	vsubscale(w->m, w->tau, w->h, w->rz);

	/* rt = kappa + c'*x + b'*y + h'*z; */
	w->cx = eddot(w->n, w->c, w->x);
	w->by = w->p > 0 ? eddot(w->p, w->b, w->y) : 0.0;
	w->hz = eddot(w->m, w->h, w->z);
	w->rt = w->kap + w->cx + w->by + w->hz;    
}
Exemplo n.º 2
0
Arquivo: ecos.c Projeto: mercelik/ecos
/* 
 * Updates statistics.
 */
void updateStatistics(pwork* w)
{
	pfloat nry, nrz;
	
	stats* info = w->info;
	
	/* mu = (s'*z + kap*tau) / (D+1) where s'*z is the duality gap */
	info->gap = eddot(w->m, w->s, w->z);
	info->mu = (info->gap + w->kap*w->tau) / (w->D + 1);

	info->kapovert = w->kap / w->tau;
	info->pcost = w->cx / w->tau;
	info->dcost = -(w->hz + w->by) / w->tau;

	/* relative duality gap */
	if( info->pcost < 0 ){ info->relgap = info->gap / (-info->pcost); }
	else if( info->dcost > 0 ){ info->relgap = info->gap / info->dcost; }
	else info->relgap = NAN;

	/* residuals */
    nry = w->p > 0 ? norm2(w->ry, w->p)/w->resy0 : 0.0;
    nrz = norm2(w->rz, w->m)/w->resz0;
	info->pres = MAX(nry, nrz) / w->tau;
	info->dres = norm2(w->rx, w->n)/w->resx0 / w->tau;
    
	/* infeasibility measures
     *
	 * CVXOPT uses the following:
     * info->pinfres = w->hz + w->by < 0 ? w->hresx / w->resx0 / (-w->hz - w->by) : NAN;
     * info->dinfres = w->cx < 0 ? MAX(w->hresy/w->resy0, w->hresz/w->resz0) / (-w->cx) : NAN;
     */
    info->pinfres = w->hz + w->by < 0 ? w->hresx/w->resx0 : NAN;
    info->dinfres = w->cx < 0 ? MAX(w->hresy/w->resy0, w->hresz/w->resz0) : NAN;
	
    
#if PRINTLEVEL > 2
    PRINTTEXT("TAU=%6.4e  KAP=%6.4e  PINFRES=%6.4e  DINFRES=%6.4e\n",w->tau,w->kap,info->pinfres, info->dinfres );
#endif
    
}
Exemplo n.º 3
0
void get_bounds(idxint node_idx, ecos_bb_pwork* prob){
    idxint i, ret_code, branchable, viable_rounded_sol;
    viable_rounded_sol = 0;
    
    set_prob( prob, get_bool_node_id(node_idx,prob), get_int_node_id(node_idx, prob) );
    ret_code = ECOS_solve(prob->ecos_prob);

#if MI_PRINTLEVEL > 1
    if (prob->stgs->verbose){ print_ecos_solution(prob); }
    if (ret_code != ECOS_OPTIMAL && ret_code != ECOS_PINF && ret_code != ECOS_DINF){
        PRINTTEXT("1Exit code: %u\n", ret_code);
    }
#endif

    if (ret_code >= 0 || 
        ret_code == ECOS_MAXIT ||
        ret_code == ECOS_NUMERICS )
    {
        prob->nodes[node_idx].L = eddot(prob->ecos_prob->n, prob->ecos_prob->x, prob->ecos_prob->c);

        /* Figure out if x is already an integer solution 
            if the solution had no numerical errors*/
        branchable = 1;
        for (i=0; i<prob->num_bool_vars; ++i){
            prob->tmp_bool_node_id[i] = (char) pfloat_round( prob->ecos_prob->x[prob->bool_vars_idx[i]] );
            branchable &= float_eqls( prob->ecos_prob->x[i] , (pfloat) prob->tmp_bool_node_id[i], prob->stgs->integer_tol );
        }
        for (i=0; i<prob->num_int_vars; ++i){
            prob->tmp_int_node_id[2 * i + 1] = pfloat_round(prob->ecos_prob->x[prob->int_vars_idx[i]] );
            prob->tmp_int_node_id[2*i] = -(prob->tmp_int_node_id[2*i + 1]);
            branchable &= float_eqls( prob->ecos_prob->x[i] , prob->tmp_int_node_id[2*i + 1], prob->stgs->integer_tol );
        }
        branchable = !branchable;        

#if MI_PRINTLEVEL > 1
        if (prob->stgs->verbose){ PRINTTEXT("Is branchable: %u\n",branchable); }
#endif

        if (branchable){ /* pfloat_round and check feasibility*/
            get_branch_var(prob, &(prob->nodes[node_idx].split_idx), &(prob->nodes[node_idx].split_val) );
            prob->nodes[node_idx].status = MI_SOLVED_BRANCHABLE;

#if MI_PRINTLEVEL > 1
            if (prob->stgs->verbose){ print_node(prob,-1); PRINTTEXT("Rounded Solution:\n"); }
#endif

            set_prob(prob, prob->tmp_bool_node_id, prob->tmp_int_node_id);
            ret_code = ECOS_solve(prob->ecos_prob);

#if MI_PRINTLEVEL > 1
            if (prob->stgs->verbose){ print_ecos_solution(prob); }
            if (ret_code != ECOS_OPTIMAL && ret_code != ECOS_PINF && ret_code != ECOS_DINF){
                PRINTTEXT("2Exit code: %u\n", ret_code);
            }
#endif
            if (ret_code == ECOS_OPTIMAL){
                /* Use the node's U as tmp storage */
                prob->nodes[node_idx].U = eddot(prob->ecos_prob->n, prob->ecos_prob->x, prob->ecos_prob->c);
                viable_rounded_sol = 1;
            }
        }else{ /* This is already an integer solution*/
            prob->nodes[node_idx].status = MI_SOLVED_NON_BRANCHABLE;
            prob->nodes[node_idx].U = eddot(prob->ecos_prob->n, prob->ecos_prob->x, prob->ecos_prob->c);
        }

        if (prob->nodes[node_idx].U < prob->global_U){
#if MI_PRINTLEVEL > 1
            if (prob->stgs->verbose){
                PRINTTEXT("New optimal solution, U: %.2f\n", prob->nodes[node_idx].U);
                print_ecos_xequil(prob);
                print_ecos_c(prob);
                print_ecos_solution(prob);
            }
#endif
            store_solution(prob);
            prob->global_U = prob->nodes[node_idx].U;
        }

        if (viable_rounded_sol){
            /* Reset the node's U back to INF because it was not originally feasible */
            prob->nodes[node_idx].U = INFINITY; 
        }

    }else { /*Assume node infeasible*/
        prob->nodes[node_idx].L = INFINITY;
        prob->nodes[node_idx].U = INFINITY;
        prob->nodes[node_idx].status = MI_SOLVED_NON_BRANCHABLE;
    }
}
Exemplo n.º 4
0
Arquivo: ecos.c Projeto: mercelik/ecos
/*
 * Main solver routine.
 */
idxint ECOS_solve(pwork* w)
{
	idxint i, initcode, KKT_FACTOR_RETURN_CODE;
	pfloat dtau_denom, dtauaff, dkapaff, sigma, dtau, dkap, bkap, pres_prev;
	idxint exitcode = ECOS_FATAL, interrupted;
    
#if DEBUG
    char fn[20];
#endif
    
#if (defined _WIN32 || defined _WIN64 )
	/* sets width of exponent for floating point numbers to 2 instead of 3 */
	unsigned int old_output_format = _set_output_format(_TWO_DIGIT_EXPONENT);
#endif

#if PROFILING > 0
	timer tsolve;
#endif
#if PROFILING > 1
    timer tfactor, tkktsolve;
#endif
    
#if PROFILING > 0
    /* start timer */
    tic(&tsolve);
#endif
	
    /* initialize ctrl-c support */
    init_ctrlc();

	/* Initialize solver */
    initcode = init(w);
	if( initcode == ECOS_FATAL ){
#if PRINTLEVEL > 0
        if( w->stgs->verbose ) PRINTTEXT("\nFatal error during initialization, aborting.");
#endif
        return ECOS_FATAL;
    }
    
    
    
	/* MAIN INTERIOR POINT LOOP ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
	for( w->info->iter = 0; w->info->iter <= w->stgs->maxit ; w->info->iter++ ){
        
		/* Compute residuals */
		computeResiduals(w);
        
		/* Update statistics */
		updateStatistics(w);

#if PRINTLEVEL > 1
		/* Print info */
		if( w->stgs->verbose ) printProgress(w->info);
#endif
        
        /* SAFEGUARD: Backtrack to best previously seen iterate if
         *
         * - the update was bad such that the primal residual PRES has increased by a factor of SAFEGUARD, or
         * - the gap became negative
         *
         * If the safeguard is activated, the solver tests if reduced precision has been reached, and reports
         * accordingly. If not even reduced precision is reached, ECOS returns the flag ECOS_NUMERICS.
         */
        if( w->info->iter > 0 && (w->info->pres > SAFEGUARD*pres_prev || w->info->gap < 0) ){
#if PRINTLEVEL > 1
            if( w->stgs->verbose ) deleteLastProgressLine( w->info );
            if( w->stgs->verbose ) PRINTTEXT("Unreliable search direction detected, recovering best iterate (%d) and stopping.\n", (int)w->best_info->iter);
#endif
            restoreBestIterate( w );
            
            /* Determine whether we have reached at least reduced accuracy */
            exitcode = checkExitConditions( w, ECOS_INACC_OFFSET );
            
            /* if not, exit anyways */
            if( exitcode == ECOS_NOT_CONVERGED_YET ){
                exitcode = ECOS_NUMERICS;
#if PRINTLEVEL > 0
                if( w->stgs->verbose ) PRINTTEXT("\nNUMERICAL PROBLEMS (reached feastol=%3.1e, reltol=%3.1e, abstol=%3.1e).", MAX(w->info->dres, w->info->pres), w->info->relgap, w->info->gap);
#endif
                break;
            } else {
                break;
            }
        }
        pres_prev = w->info->pres;
        

		/* Check termination criteria to full precision and exit if necessary */
		exitcode = checkExitConditions( w, 0 );
        interrupted = check_ctrlc();
        if( exitcode == ECOS_NOT_CONVERGED_YET ){
            
            /*
             * Full precision has not been reached yet. Check for two more cases of exit:
             *  (i) min step size, in which case we assume we won't make progress any more, and
             * (ii) maximum number of iterations reached
             * If these two are not fulfilled, another iteration will be made.
             */
            
            /* Did the line search c**k up? (zero step length) */
            if( w->info->iter > 0 && w->info->step == STEPMIN*GAMMA ){
#if PRINTLEVEL > 0
                if( w->stgs->verbose ) deleteLastProgressLine( w->info );
                if( w->stgs->verbose ) PRINTTEXT("No further progress possible, recovering best iterate (%d) and stopping.", (int)w->best_info->iter );
#endif
                restoreBestIterate( w );
                
                /* Determine whether we have reached reduced precision */
                exitcode = checkExitConditions( w, ECOS_INACC_OFFSET );
                if( exitcode == ECOS_NOT_CONVERGED_YET ){
                    exitcode = ECOS_NUMERICS;
#if PRINTLEVEL > 0
                    if( w->stgs->verbose ) PRINTTEXT("\nNUMERICAL PROBLEMS (reached feastol=%3.1e, reltol=%3.1e, abstol=%3.1e).", MAX(w->info->dres, w->info->pres), w->info->relgap, w->info->gap);
#endif
                }
                break;
            }
            /* MAXIT reached? */
            else if( interrupted || w->info->iter == w->stgs->maxit ){

#if PRINTLEVEL > 0                
                const char *what = interrupted ? "SIGINT intercepted" : "Maximum number of iterations reached";
#endif                
                /* Determine whether current iterate is better than what we had so far */
                if( compareStatistics( w->info, w->best_info) ){
#if PRINTLEVEL > 0
                    if( w->stgs->verbose ) 
                        PRINTTEXT("%s, stopping.\n",what);
#endif
                } else
                {
#if PRINTLEVEL > 0
                    if( w->stgs->verbose ) 
                        PRINTTEXT("%s, recovering best iterate (%d) and stopping.\n", what, (int)w->best_info->iter);
#endif
                    restoreBestIterate( w );
                }
                
                /* Determine whether we have reached reduced precision */
                exitcode = checkExitConditions( w, ECOS_INACC_OFFSET );
                if( exitcode == ECOS_NOT_CONVERGED_YET ){
                    exitcode = interrupted ? ECOS_SIGINT : ECOS_MAXIT;
#if PRINTLEVEL > 0
                    if( w->stgs->verbose ) {
                        const char* what = interrupted ? "INTERRUPTED" : "RAN OUT OF ITERATIONS";
                        PRINTTEXT("\n%s (reached feastol=%3.1e, reltol=%3.1e, abstol=%3.1e).", what, MAX(w->info->dres, w->info->pres), w->info->relgap, w->info->gap);
                    }
#endif
                }
                break;

            }
        } else {
            
            /* Full precision has been reached, stop solver */
            break;
        }
        
		
        
        /* SAFEGUARD:
         * Check whether current iterate is worth keeping as the best solution so far,
         * before doing another iteration
         */
        if (w->info->iter == 0) {
            /* we're at the first iterate, so there's nothing to compare yet */
            saveIterateAsBest( w );
        } else if( compareStatistics( w->info, w->best_info) ){
            /* PRINTTEXT("Better solution found, saving as best so far \n"); */
            saveIterateAsBest( w );
        }
        

		/* Compute scalings */
		if( updateScalings(w->C, w->s, w->z, w->lambda) == OUTSIDE_CONE ){
            
            /* SAFEGUARD: we have to recover here */
#if PRINTLEVEL > 0
            if( w->stgs->verbose ) deleteLastProgressLine( w->info );
            if( w->stgs->verbose ) PRINTTEXT("Slacks/multipliers leaving the cone, recovering best iterate (%d) and stopping.\n", (int)w->best_info->iter);
#endif
            restoreBestIterate( w );
            
            /* Determine whether we have reached at least reduced accuracy */
            exitcode = checkExitConditions( w, ECOS_INACC_OFFSET );
            if( exitcode == ECOS_NOT_CONVERGED_YET ){
#if PRINTLEVEL > 0
                if( w->stgs->verbose ) PRINTTEXT("\nNUMERICAL PROBLEMS (reached feastol=%3.1e, reltol=%3.1e, abstol=%3.1e).", MAX(w->info->dres, w->info->pres), w->info->relgap, w->info->gap);
#endif
                return ECOS_OUTCONE;

            } else {
                break;
            }
        }
        
		/* Update KKT matrix with scalings */
		kkt_update(w->KKT->PKPt, w->KKT->PK, w->C);
        
#if DEBUG > 0
        /* DEBUG: Store matrix to be factored */
        sprintf(fn, "PKPt_updated_%02i.txt", (int)w->info->iter);
        dumpSparseMatrix(w->KKT->PKPt, fn);
#endif
        /* factor KKT matrix */
#if PROFILING > 1
		tic(&tfactor);
        KKT_FACTOR_RETURN_CODE = kkt_factor(w->KKT, w->stgs->eps, w->stgs->delta, &w->info->tfactor_t1, &w->info->tfactor_t2);
        w->info->tfactor += toc(&tfactor);
#else
        KKT_FACTOR_RETURN_CODE = kkt_factor(w->KKT, w->stgs->eps, w->stgs->delta);
#endif
        
#if DEBUG > 0
        /* DEBUG: store factor */
        sprintf(fn, "PKPt_factor_%02i.txt", (int)w->info->iter);
        dumpSparseMatrix(w->KKT->L, fn);
#endif

		/* Solve for RHS1, which is used later also in combined direction */
#if PROFILING > 1
		tic(&tkktsolve);
#endif
		w->info->nitref1 = kkt_solve(w->KKT, w->A, w->G, w->KKT->RHS1, w->KKT->dx1, w->KKT->dy1, w->KKT->dz1, w->n, w->p, w->m, w->C, 0, w->stgs->nitref);
#if PROFILING > 1
		w->info->tkktsolve += toc(&tkktsolve);
#endif
        
#if DEBUG > 0 && PRINTLEVEL > 2
        /* Print result of linear system solve */
        printDenseMatrix(w->KKT->dx1, 1, 5, "dx1(1:5)");
        printDenseMatrix(w->KKT->dy1, 1, 5, "dy1(1:5)");
        printDenseMatrix(w->KKT->dz1, 1, 5, "dz1(1:5)");
#endif
  
		/* AFFINE SEARCH DIRECTION (predictor, need dsaff and dzaff only) */
		RHS_affine(w);
#if PROFILING > 1
		tic(&tkktsolve);
#endif
		w->info->nitref2 = kkt_solve(w->KKT, w->A, w->G, w->KKT->RHS2, w->KKT->dx2, w->KKT->dy2, w->KKT->dz2, w->n, w->p, w->m, w->C, 0, w->stgs->nitref);
#if PROFILING > 1
		w->info->tkktsolve += toc(&tkktsolve);
#endif
        
		/* dtau_denom = kap/tau - (c'*x1 + by1 + h'*z1); */
		dtau_denom = w->kap/w->tau - eddot(w->n, w->c, w->KKT->dx1) - eddot(w->p, w->b, w->KKT->dy1) - eddot(w->m, w->h, w->KKT->dz1);
		
        /* dtauaff = (dt + c'*x2 + by2 + h'*z2) / dtau_denom; */
		dtauaff = (w->rt - w->kap + eddot(w->n, w->c, w->KKT->dx2) + eddot(w->p, w->b, w->KKT->dy2) + eddot(w->m, w->h, w->KKT->dz2)) / dtau_denom;
        
		/* dzaff = dz2 + dtau_aff*dz1 */
		for( i=0; i<w->m; i++ ){ w->W_times_dzaff[i] = w->KKT->dz2[i] + dtauaff*w->KKT->dz1[i]; } 
		scale(w->W_times_dzaff, w->C, w->W_times_dzaff);

		/* W\dsaff = -W*dzaff -lambda; */		
		for( i=0; i<w->m; i++ ){ w->dsaff_by_W[i] = -w->W_times_dzaff[i] - w->lambda[i]; }
		
		/* dkapaff = -(bkap + kap*dtauaff)/tau; bkap = kap*tau*/
		dkapaff = -w->kap - w->kap/w->tau*dtauaff;
        
        /* Line search on W\dsaff and W*dzaff */
		w->info->step_aff = lineSearch(w->lambda, w->dsaff_by_W, w->W_times_dzaff, w->tau, dtauaff, w->kap, dkapaff, w->C, w->KKT);
        
		/* Centering parameter */
        sigma = 1.0 - w->info->step_aff;
        sigma = sigma*sigma*sigma;
        if( sigma > SIGMAMAX ) sigma = SIGMAMAX;
        if( sigma < SIGMAMIN ) sigma = SIGMAMIN;
        w->info->sigma = sigma;
        
		
		/* COMBINED SEARCH DIRECTION */
		RHS_combined(w);
#if PROFILING > 1
		tic(&tkktsolve);
#endif
		w->info->nitref3 = kkt_solve(w->KKT, w->A, w->G, w->KKT->RHS2, w->KKT->dx2, w->KKT->dy2, w->KKT->dz2, w->n, w->p, w->m, w->C, 0, w->stgs->nitref);
#if PROFILING > 1
		w->info->tkktsolve += toc(&tkktsolve);
#endif
        
  		/* bkap = kap*tau + dkapaff*dtauaff - sigma*info.mu; */
		bkap = w->kap*w->tau + dkapaff*dtauaff - sigma*w->info->mu;

		/* dtau = ((1-sigma)*rt - bkap/tau + c'*x2 + by2 + h'*z2) / dtau_denom; */		
		dtau = ((1-sigma)*w->rt - bkap/w->tau + eddot(w->n, w->c, w->KKT->dx2) + eddot(w->p, w->b, w->KKT->dy2) + eddot(w->m, w->h, w->KKT->dz2)) / dtau_denom;
      	
		/* dx = x2 + dtau*x1;     dy = y2 + dtau*y1;       dz = z2 + dtau*z1; */
		for( i=0; i < w->n; i++ ){ w->KKT->dx2[i] += dtau*w->KKT->dx1[i]; }
		for( i=0; i < w->p; i++ ){ w->KKT->dy2[i] += dtau*w->KKT->dy1[i]; }
		for( i=0; i < w->m; i++ ){ w->KKT->dz2[i] += dtau*w->KKT->dz1[i]; }

		/*  ds_by_W = -(lambda \ bs + conelp_timesW(scaling,dz,dims)); */
		/* note that ath this point w->dsaff_by_W holds already (lambda \ ds) */
		scale(w->KKT->dz2, w->C, w->W_times_dzaff);
		for( i=0; i < w->m; i++ ){ w->dsaff_by_W[i] = -(w->dsaff_by_W[i] + w->W_times_dzaff[i]); }

		/* dkap = -(bkap + kap*dtau)/tau; */
		dkap = -(bkap + w->kap*dtau)/w->tau;

		/* Line search on combined direction */
		w->info->step = lineSearch(w->lambda, w->dsaff_by_W, w->W_times_dzaff, w->tau, dtau, w->kap, dkap, w->C, w->KKT) * w->stgs->gamma;
		
		/* ds = W*ds_by_W */
		scale(w->dsaff_by_W, w->C, w->dsaff);

		/* Update variables */
		for( i=0; i < w->n; i++ ){ w->x[i] += w->info->step * w->KKT->dx2[i]; }
		for( i=0; i < w->p; i++ ){ w->y[i] += w->info->step * w->KKT->dy2[i]; }
		for( i=0; i < w->m; i++ ){ w->z[i] += w->info->step * w->KKT->dz2[i]; }
		for( i=0; i < w->m; i++ ){ w->s[i] += w->info->step * w->dsaff[i]; }
		w->kap += w->info->step * dkap;
		w->tau += w->info->step * dtau;
	}

	/* scale variables back */    
	backscale(w);

	/* stop timer */
#if PROFILING > 0
	w->info->tsolve = toc(&tsolve);
#endif

#if PRINTLEVEL > 0
#if PROFILING > 0
	if( w->stgs->verbose ) PRINTTEXT("\nRuntime: %f seconds.", w->info->tsetup + w->info->tsolve);
#endif
	if( w->stgs->verbose ) PRINTTEXT("\n\n");
#endif

    remove_ctrlc();
	return exitcode;
}
Exemplo n.º 5
0
Arquivo: ecos.c Projeto: mercelik/ecos
/*
 * Line search according to Vandenberghe (cf. �8 in his manual).
 */
pfloat lineSearch(pfloat* lambda, pfloat* ds, pfloat* dz, pfloat tau, pfloat dtau, pfloat kap, pfloat dkap, cone* C, kkt* KKT)
{
	idxint i, j, cone_start, conesize;
	pfloat rhomin, sigmamin, alpha, lknorm, lknorminv, rhonorm, sigmanorm, conic_step, temp;
	pfloat lkbar_times_dsk, lkbar_times_dzk, factor;
	pfloat* lk;
	pfloat* dsk;
	pfloat* dzk;
	pfloat* lkbar = KKT->work1;
	pfloat* rho = KKT->work2;
	pfloat* sigma = KKT->work2;
    pfloat minus_tau_by_dtau = -tau/dtau;
    pfloat minus_kap_by_dkap = -kap/dkap;
    

	/* LP cone */    
	if( C->lpc->p > 0 ){
		rhomin = ds[0] / lambda[0];  sigmamin = dz[0] / lambda[0];
		for( i=1; i < C->lpc->p; i++ ){
			rho[0] = ds[i] / lambda[i];   if( rho[0] < rhomin ){ rhomin = rho[0]; }
			sigma[0] = dz[i] / lambda[i]; if( sigma[0] < sigmamin ){ sigmamin = sigma[0]; }
		}

		if( -sigmamin > -rhomin ){ 
			alpha = sigmamin < 0 ? 1.0 / (-sigmamin) : 1.0 / EPS;
		} else {
			alpha = rhomin < 0 ? 1.0 / (-rhomin) : 1.0 / EPS;
		}
    } else {
        alpha = 10;
    }

    /* tau and kappa */
    if( minus_tau_by_dtau > 0 && minus_tau_by_dtau < alpha )
    {
        alpha = minus_tau_by_dtau;
    }
    if( minus_kap_by_dkap > 0 && minus_kap_by_dkap < alpha )
    {
        alpha = minus_kap_by_dkap;
    }
        

	/* Second-order cone */
	cone_start = C->lpc->p;
	for( i=0; i < C->nsoc; i++ ){
		
		/* indices */
		conesize = C->soc[i].p;
		lk = lambda + cone_start;  dsk = ds + cone_start;  dzk = dz + cone_start;
		
		/* normalize */
		lknorm = sqrt( lk[0]*lk[0] - eddot(conesize-1, lk+1, lk+1) );
		for( j=0; j < conesize; j++ ){ lkbar[j] = lk[j] / lknorm; }
		lknorminv = 1.0 / lknorm;

		/* calculate products */
		lkbar_times_dsk = lkbar[0]*dsk[0];
		for( j=1; j < conesize; j++ ){ lkbar_times_dsk -= lkbar[j]*dsk[j]; }
		lkbar_times_dzk = lkbar[0]*dzk[0];
		for( j=1; j < conesize; j++ ){ lkbar_times_dzk -= lkbar[j]*dzk[j]; }

		/* now construct rhok and sigmak, the first element is different */
		rho[0] = lknorminv * lkbar_times_dsk;
		factor = (lkbar_times_dsk+dsk[0])/(lkbar[0]+1);
		for( j=1; j < conesize; j++ ){ rho[j] = lknorminv*(dsk[j] - factor*lkbar[j]); }
		rhonorm = norm2(rho+1, conesize-1) - rho[0];

		sigma[0] = lknorminv * lkbar_times_dzk;
		factor = (lkbar_times_dzk+dzk[0])/(lkbar[0]+1);
		for( j=1; j < conesize; j++ ){ sigma[j] = lknorminv*(dzk[j] - factor*lkbar[j]); }
		sigmanorm = norm2(sigma+1, conesize-1) - sigma[0];
		
		/* update alpha */
		conic_step = 0;
		if( rhonorm > conic_step ){ conic_step = rhonorm; }
		if( sigmanorm > conic_step ){ conic_step = sigmanorm; }
		if( conic_step != 0 ){
			temp = 1.0 / conic_step;
			if( temp < alpha ){ alpha = temp; }
		}

		cone_start += C->soc[i].p;
		
	}	
    
    /* saturate between STEPMIN and STEPMAX */
    if( alpha > STEPMAX ) alpha = STEPMAX;
    if( alpha < STEPMIN ) alpha = STEPMIN;
    
    /* return alpha */
	return alpha;
}