int main() {
double xl = -100.0, xr = 100.0, t = 0.0000001;
puts("\nTest 1: x^3 = 0.");
printf("xl = %f; xr = %f; tolerance = %f\n", -100.0, 150.0, t);
printf("Bisection: x = %f\n", bisection(-100.0, 150.0, t, &cube));
printf("xl = %f; xr = %f; tolerance = %f\n", -0.001, 0.001, t);
printf("Secant: x = %f\n", secant(-0.001, 0.001, t, &cube));
puts("\nTest 2: Matrix test (x^j = 10^i).");
for(j = 1; j < 10; j++) for(i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
printf("j = %f; i = %f\n", j, i);
printf("Bisection: x = %f\n", bisection(xl, xr, t, &poly));
printf("Secant: x = %f\n", secant(xl, xr, t, &poly));
}
}
void
findgraph (long double a, long double b, long double i, long double error,
long double p, long double (*f) (long double, long double),
char *name)
{
long double previous = f (a, p);
long double current = f (a, p);
unsigned long count = 0;
printf
("Starting scan of %s on interval %Lf to %Lf with increment of %Lf\n\n",
name, a, b, i);
for (; a < b; a += i)
{
current = f (a, p);
if (matchSign (previous, current))
{
}
else
{
printf (" Found sign change from %Lf to %Lf\n\n", a - i, a);
bisect (a - i, a, error, p, f, name);
secant (a - i, a, error, p, f, name);
falseposition (a - i, a, error, p, f, name);
}
previous = current;
count++;
}
printf ("Done scanning %s after %lu iterations\n\n", name, count);
}
double root(double fitvalue) {
double step = 1.1;
double e = 1.0e-12;
double x = 0.1; // just so we use secant method
double xx, value;
int s = (f(x)> 0.0);
if (debug>3) printf("# gcore= %g gtail= %g factorcore= %g factortail= %g\n",gcore_g,gtail_g,factorcore_g,factortail_g);
value_g=fitvalue;
while (x < 1e9) {
value = f(x);
if (debug>3) printf("%g %g %g\n",x,value,ickingfunk(x));
if (fabs(value) < e) {
if (debug >3) printf("Root found at x= %12.9f\n", x);
return x;
}
else if ((value > 0.0) != s) {
xx = secant(x/step, x,&f);
if (xx != -99.0) // -99 meaning secant method failed
return xx;
else
return xx;
}
x *= step;
}
return x;
}
double secant(double x_1, double x_2, double (*func)(double)){
double f_x_1 = (*func)(x_1);
double f_x_2 = (*func)(x_2);
double x_3 = x_2 - f_x_2*((x_2-x_1)/(f_x_2- f_x_1));
printf("%.3f\n", x_3);
if(fabs((*func)(x_3) - (double) 0.0) < (1/pow(10.0,12))){return x_3;}
secant(x_3,x_2,(*func));
return 9.0;
}
double secant(double x_low, double x_high, double x_accuracy, double f_x_low, double f_x_high, double f_accuracy, const T & function, int limit_depth = 500){
theta_assert(std::isfinite(x_low) && std::isfinite(x_high));
theta_assert(x_low <= x_high);
theta_assert(std::isfinite(f_x_low) && std::isfinite(f_x_high));
theta_assert(limit_depth > 0);
if(f_x_low * f_x_high >= 0) throw std::invalid_argument("secant: function values have the same sign!");
if(std::fabs(f_x_low) <= f_accuracy) return x_low;
if(std::fabs(f_x_high) <= f_accuracy) return x_high;
const double old_interval_length = x_high - x_low;
//calculate intersection point for secant method:
double x_intersect = x_low - (x_high - x_low) / (f_x_high - f_x_low) * f_x_low;
theta_assert(x_intersect >= x_low);
theta_assert(x_intersect <= x_high);
if(old_interval_length < x_accuracy){
return x_intersect;
}
double f_x_intersect = function(x_intersect);
double f_mult = f_x_low * f_x_intersect;
//fall back to bisection if the new interval would not be much smaller:
double new_interval_length = f_mult < 0 ? x_intersect - x_low : x_high - x_intersect;
if(new_interval_length > 0.5 * old_interval_length){
x_intersect = 0.5*(x_low + x_high);
f_x_intersect = function(x_intersect);
f_mult = f_x_low * f_x_intersect;
}
if(f_mult < 0){
return secant(x_low, x_intersect, x_accuracy, f_x_low, f_x_intersect, f_accuracy, function, limit_depth - 1);
}
else if(f_mult > 0.0){
return secant(x_intersect, x_high, x_accuracy, f_x_intersect, f_x_high, f_accuracy, function, limit_depth - 1);
}
//it can actually happen that we have 0.0. In this case, return the x value for
// the smallest absolute function value:
else{
f_x_intersect = fabs(f_x_intersect);
f_x_low = fabs(f_x_low);
f_x_high = fabs(f_x_high);
if(f_x_low < f_x_high && f_x_low < f_x_intersect) return x_low;
if(f_x_high < f_x_intersect) return x_high;
return x_intersect;
}
}
int main()
{
double p,q,r,s,t,u;
while(scanf("%lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf", &p, &q, &r, &s, &t, &u) == 6){
secant(p,q,r,s,t,u);
}
return 0;
}
int main(void)
{
double *x;
x = dmallocv(2);
x[0] = 3;
x[1] = 2;
secant(x, 1.e-15, 20);
printf("Secant %lf\n", x[0] );
return 0;
}
int
main ()
{
//findgraph ( 2, 3, .1, .0001, 5, &fsqrt, "Find square Root of 5");
//findgraph (10,500, 5, .0000001, 5487, &fsqrt, "Find square Root of 5487");
findgraph ( 0, 1, .1, .0001, 0, &hw2p1, "hw2p1");
findgraph ( 1, 3.2, .1, .0001, 0, &hw2p2, "hw2p2");
findgraph ( 1, 2, .1, .0001, 0, &hw2p3, "hw2p3");
findgraph (-1, 0, .01, .001, 0, &hw2p4, "hw2p4");
secant (-1, 0, .001, 0, &hw2p4, "hw2p4");
falseposition (-1, 0, .001, 0, &hw2p4, "hw2p4");
findgraph (-1, 0, .01, .00001, 0, &hw2p5, "hw2p5 from -1 to 0");
findgraph ( 0, 1, .01, .00001, 0, &hw2p5, "hw2p5 from 0 to 1");
findgraph (-1 , 1, .1, .00001, 0, &hw2p5, "hw2p5 from 0 to 1");
findpoint (0, 2, 0, 1, .001, 8, &hw2p6, "hw2p6");
// testing the point function
//findpoint (0, 2, 1, 1, .001, 8, &hw2p6, "hw2p6");
//findpoint (1, 3, 2, 4, .001, 8, &hw2p6, "hw2p6");
//findpoint (1, 4, 0, 2, .001, 8, &hw2p6, "hw2p6");
//findpoint (1, 8, 18, 0, .001, 8, &hw2p6, "hw2p6");
findgraph (0, 1, .1, .01, 12.4, &hw2p7a, "hw2p7 trough with 12.4 volume");
///*
printf ("finding a range of values for testing.\n");
long double i;
for (i=0; i< 1; i=i+.1){
char name[40];
sprintf(name, "hw2p7 %Lf", i);
//findgraph (0, 1, .01, .00001, i, &hw2p7, name);
hw2p7(i, 0);
hw2p7a(i, 0);
}
//*/
//findgraph (-1, 3, .1, .001, 38, &hw2ptri, "hw2ptri full");
//findgraph (-1, 3, .1, .001, 10, &hw2ptri, "hw2ptri half full");
//findgraph (-1, 3, .1, .001, .1, &hw2ptri, "hw2ptri empty");
//findgraph ( 0, 2, .1, .00000001, 0, &fex, "fex");
}
void testRoot(){
printf("\nRoot finding and minimisation\n");
golden(functionTest3,0,2);
golden(functionTest1,3,7);
golden(functionTest2,5,7);
golden(poly,-0.5,1.0);
brute (poly,-1.0,1.0, 0.0001);
brute (functionTest1,3,7, 0.0001);
secant(poly,0.0,1.0);
newton(poly, dpoly, 0.0);
regulaFalsi(poly,-1.0,1.0);
bisect(poly,-1.0,1.0);
fixedPointIteration(cosine,1.0);
squareRoot(20);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv){
double x0 = 1;
double exact = sqrt(5);
const unsigned N = 16;
double X_search[N], X_NR[N], X_secant[N];
search(&test_function, X_search, x0, 1.0, N);
Newton_Rhapson(&test_function, &test_function_deriv, X_NR, x0, N);
secant(&test_function, X_secant, x0, N);
printf("#iteration search Newton_Rhapson secant");
for(unsigned n = 0;n < N; n++){
printf("\n%u %e %e %e",
n,
fabs(exact-X_search[n]),
fabs(exact-X_NR[n]),
fabs(exact-X_secant[n])
);
}
return 0;
}
int sweep_secant(double (*func)(double x),double xstart,double xstop,double xinc,int nmax,double tol) {
double a,b,fa,fb;
int retval;
xstop = xstop + (xinc * 0.5);
a = xstart;
fa = (*func)(a);
b = a + xinc;
while (((xinc > 0.0) && (b < xstop)) || ((xinc < 0.0) && (b > xstop))) {
fb = (*func)(b);
if ((fa * fb) < 0.0) { /*root bracketed, converge with secant*/
retval = secant(func,a,b,nmax,tol);
if (retval > 0) return(retval);
}
a = b;
fa = fb;
b = b + xinc;
}
return(0);
}
void Bernsteins::find_bernstein_roots(Bezier bz,
unsigned depth,
double left_t,
double right_t)
{
debug(std::cout << left_t << ", " << right_t << std::endl);
size_t n_crossings = 0;
int old_sign = SGN(bz[0]);
//std::cout << "w[0] = " << bz[0] << std::endl;
int sign;
for (size_t i = 1; i < bz.size(); i++)
{
//std::cout << "w[" << i << "] = " << w[i] << std::endl;
sign = SGN(bz[i]);
if (sign != 0)
{
if (sign != old_sign && old_sign != 0)
{
++n_crossings;
}
old_sign = sign;
}
}
//std::cout << "n_crossings = " << n_crossings << std::endl;
if (n_crossings == 0) return; // no solutions here
if (n_crossings == 1) /* Unique solution */
{
//std::cout << "depth = " << depth << std::endl;
/* Stop recursion when the tree is deep enough */
/* if deep enough, return 1 solution at midpoint */
if (depth > MAX_DEPTH)
{
//printf("bottom out %d\n", depth);
const double Ax = right_t - left_t;
const double Ay = bz.at1() - bz.at0();
solutions.push_back(left_t - Ax*bz.at0() / Ay);
return;
}
double r = secant(bz);
solutions.push_back(r*right_t + (1-r)*left_t);
return;
}
/* Otherwise, solve recursively after subdividing control polygon */
Bezier::Order o(bz);
Bezier Left(o), Right = bz;
double split_t = (left_t + right_t) * 0.5;
// If subdivision is working poorly, split around the leftmost root of the derivative
if (depth > 2) {
debug(std::cout << "derivative mode\n");
Bezier dbz = derivative(bz);
debug(std::cout << "initial = " << dbz << std::endl);
std::vector<double> dsolutions = dbz.roots(Interval(left_t, right_t));
debug(std::cout << "dsolutions = " << dsolutions << std::endl);
double dsplit_t = 0.5;
if(!dsolutions.empty()) {
dsplit_t = dsolutions[0];
split_t = left_t + (right_t - left_t)*dsplit_t;
debug(std::cout << "split_value = " << bz(split_t) << std::endl);
debug(std::cout << "spliting around " << dsplit_t << " = "
<< split_t << "\n");
}
std::pair<Bezier, Bezier> LR = bz.subdivide(dsplit_t);
Left = LR.first;
Right = LR.second;
} else {
// split at midpoint, because it is cheap
Left[0] = Right[0];
for (size_t i = 1; i < bz.size(); ++i)
{
for (size_t j = 0; j < bz.size()-i; ++j)
{
Right[j] = (Right[j] + Right[j+1]) * 0.5;
}
Left[i] = Right[0];
}
}
debug(std::cout << "Solution is exactly on the subdivision point.\n");
debug(std::cout << Left << " , " << Right << std::endl);
Left = reverse(Left);
while(Right.order() > 0 and fabs(Right[0]) <= 1e-10) {
debug(std::cout << "deflate\n");
Right = Right.deflate();
Left = Left.deflate();
solutions.push_back(split_t);
}
Left = reverse(Left);
if (Right.order() > 0) {
debug(std::cout << Left << " , " << Right << std::endl);
find_bernstein_roots(Left, depth+1, left_t, split_t);
find_bernstein_roots(Right, depth+1, split_t, right_t);
}
}
double secant (double xold, double xnew, double tolerance, double func()) {
double fxold = (*func)(xold), fxnew = (*func)(xnew);
if (fabs(fxnew) <= tolerance) return xnew;
return secant(xnew, xnew + fxnew * (xold - xnew) / (fxold - fxnew),
tolerance, func);
}