void GidaspowDrag::setForce() const
{
// get viscosity field
#ifdef comp
const volScalarField nufField = particleCloud_.turbulence().mu() / rho_;
#else
const volScalarField& nufField = particleCloud_.turbulence().nu();
#endif
for(int index = 0;index < particleCloud_.numberOfParticles(); ++index)
{
//if(mask[index][0])
//{
vector drag(0,0,0);
label cellI = particleCloud_.cellIDs()[index][0];
if (cellI > -1) // particle Found
{
vector Us = particleCloud_.velocity(index);
vector Ur = U_[cellI]-Us;
scalar magUr = mag(Ur);
scalar ds = 2*particleCloud_.radius(index);
scalar voidfraction = particleCloud_.voidfraction(index);
scalar rho = rho_[cellI];
scalar nuf = nufField[cellI];
scalar CdMagUrLag=0;//Cd of the very particle
scalar KslLag; //momentum exchange of the very particle
if(voidfraction > 0.8) //dilute
{
CdMagUrLag = (24.0*nuf/(ds*voidfraction))
*(scalar(1)+0.15*Foam::pow(ds*voidfraction*magUr/nuf, 0.687));
KslLag = 0.75*((1-voidfraction)*rho*voidfraction*CdMagUrLag
/(ds*Foam::pow(voidfraction,2.65)));
}
else //dense
{
KslLag = (150*Foam::pow(1-voidfraction,2)*nuf*rho)/
(voidfraction*ds*ds+SMALL)
+
(1.75*(1-voidfraction) * magUr * rho)/
((ds));
}
//divide by number of particles per unit volume - Enwald (Int J Multiphase Flow, 22, 21-61, pp39
KslLag /= (particleCloud_.averagingM().UsWeightField()[cellI]/particleCloud_.mesh().V()[cellI]);
drag = KslLag*Ur;
if (modelType_=="B")
drag /= voidfraction;
}
// set force on particle
if(treatExplicit_) for(int j=0;j<3;j++) expForces()[index][j] += drag[j];
else for(int j=0;j<3;j++) impForces()[index][j] += drag[j];
for(int j=0;j<3;j++) DEMForces()[index][j] += drag[j];
//}// end if mask
}// end loop particles
}
void noDrag::setForce() const
{
// Do nothing
Info << "noDrag::setForce" << endl;
for(int index = 0;index < particleCloud_.numberOfParticles(); ++index)
{
// set force on particle
if(!keepCFDForce_)
{
if(treatExplicit_) for(int j=0;j<3;j++) expForces()[index][j] = 0.;
else for(int j=0;j<3;j++) impForces()[index][j] = 0.;
}
if(noDEMForce_)for(int j=0;j<3;j++) DEMForces()[index][j] = 0.;
}
}
void noDrag::setForce() const
{
if(forceSubM(0).verbose())
{
Info << "noDrag::setForce:" << endl;
Info << "noDEMForce=" << noDEMForce_ << endl;
Info << "keepCFDForce=" << keepCFDForce_ << endl;
}
label cellI=0;
for(int index = 0;index < particleCloud_.numberOfParticles(); ++index)
{
cellI = particleCloud_.cellIDs()[index][0];
if (cellI > -1) // particle Found
{
//==========================
// set force on particle (proposed new code)
// write particle based data to global array
//forceSubM(0).partToArray(index,drag,dragExplicit);
//==========================
// set force on particle (old code)
if(!keepCFDForce_)
{
for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
{
expForces()[index][j] = 0.;
impForces()[index][j] = 0.;
}
}
if(noDEMForce_)
{
for(int j=0;j<3;j++) DEMForces()[index][j] = 0.;
if(particleCloud_.impDEMdrag())
{
Cds()[index][0] = 0.;
for(int j=0;j<3;j++) fluidVel()[index][j] = 0.;
}
}
//==========================
}
}
}
void virtualMassForce::setForce() const
{
reAllocArrays();
scalar dt = U_.mesh().time().deltaT().value();
for(int index = 0;index < particleCloud_.numberOfParticles(); index++)
{
//if(mask[index][0])
//{
vector virtualMassForce(0,0,0);
label cellI = particleCloud_.cellIDs()[index][0];
if (cellI > -1) // particle Found
{
vector Us = particleCloud_.velocity(index);
vector Ur = U_[cellI]-Us;
vector UrelOld;
for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
{
UrelOld[j] = UrelOld_[index][j];
UrelOld_[index][j] = Ur[j];
}
vector ddtUrel = (Ur-UrelOld)/dt;
scalar ds = 2*particleCloud_.radius(index);
scalar Vs = ds*ds*ds*M_PI/6;
scalar rho = rho_[cellI];
virtualMassForce = 0.5 * rho * Vs * ddtUrel;
}
// set force on particle
if(treatExplicit_) for(int j=0;j<3;j++) expForces()[index][j] += virtualMassForce[j];
else for(int j=0;j<3;j++) impForces()[index][j] += virtualMassForce[j];
for(int j=0;j<3;j++) DEMForces()[index][j] += virtualMassForce[j];
//}
}
}
void BeetstraDrag::setForce() const
{
scale_=cg();
Info << "BeetstraDrag using scale from liggghts cg = " << scale_ << endl;
// get viscosity field
#ifdef comp
const volScalarField nufField = particleCloud_.turbulence().mu()/rho_;
#else
const volScalarField& nufField = particleCloud_.turbulence().nu();
#endif
vector position(0,0,0);
scalar voidfraction(1);
vector Ufluid(0,0,0);
vector drag(0,0,0);
label cellI=0;
scalar beta(0);
vector Us(0,0,0);
vector Ur(0,0,0);
scalar ds(0);
scalar nuf(0);
scalar rho(0);
scalar magUr(0);
scalar Rep(0);
scalar Vs(0);
scalar localPhiP(0);
scalar filterDragPrefactor(1.0);
scalar cCorrParcelSize_(1.0) ;
scalar vCell(0);
scalar FfFilterPrime(1);
scalar F0=0.;
scalar G0=0.;
interpolationCellPoint<scalar> voidfractionInterpolator_(voidfraction_);
interpolationCellPoint<vector> UInterpolator_(U_);
#include "setupProbeModel.H"
for(int index = 0;index < particleCloud_.numberOfParticles(); index++)
{
//if(mask[index][0])
//{
cellI = particleCloud_.cellIDs()[index][0];
drag = vector(0,0,0);
Ufluid= vector(0,0,0);
if (cellI > -1) // particle Found
{
if(interpolation_)
{
position = particleCloud_.position(index);
voidfraction = voidfractionInterpolator_.interpolate(position,cellI);
Ufluid = UInterpolator_.interpolate(position,cellI);
//Ensure interpolated void fraction to be meaningful
// Info << " --> voidfraction: " << voidfraction << endl;
if(voidfraction>1.00) voidfraction = 1.00;
if(voidfraction<0.10) voidfraction = 0.10;
}
else
{
voidfraction = voidfraction_[cellI];
Ufluid = U_[cellI];
}
Us = particleCloud_.velocity(index);
Ur = Ufluid-Us;
ds = 2*particleCloud_.radius(index);
dPrim_ = ds/scale_;
nuf = nufField[cellI];
rho = rho_[cellI];
magUr = mag(Ur);
Rep = 0;
Vs = ds*ds*ds*M_PI/6;
localPhiP = 1-voidfraction+SMALL;
vCell = U_.mesh().V()[cellI];
if (magUr > 0)
{
// calc particle Re Nr
Rep = dPrim_*voidfraction*magUr/(nuf+SMALL);
// 3 - C - 1 - In this section we could insert parameters
// or functions
// that come from a database
// calc model coefficient F0
F0 = 10.f * localPhiP / voidfraction / voidfraction
+ voidfraction * voidfraction * ( 1.0+1.5*sqrt(localPhiP) );
// calc model coefficient G0
G0 = 0.01720833 * Rep / voidfraction / voidfraction //0.0172083 = 0.413/24
* ( 1.0 / voidfraction + 3.0 * localPhiP * voidfraction + 8.4
* powf(Rep,-0.343) )
/ ( 1.0 + powf( 10., 3.0* localPhiP )
* powf( Rep,-(1.0+4.0*localPhiP)/2.0 ) );
// calc model coefficient beta
beta = 18.*nuf*rho/(dPrim_*dPrim_)
*voidfraction
*(F0 + G0);
//Apply filtered drag correction
if(useFilteredDragModel_)
{
FfFilterPrime = FfFilterFunc(
filtDragParamsLChar2_,
vCell,
0
);
filterDragPrefactor = 1 - fFuncFilteredDrag(FfFilterPrime, localPhiP)
* hFuncFilteredDrag(localPhiP);
beta *= filterDragPrefactor;
}
if(useParcelSizeDependentFilteredDrag_) //Apply filtered drag correction
{
scalar dParceldPrim = scale_;
cCorrParcelSize_ =
cCorrFunctionFilteredDrag(
filtDragParamsK_,
filtDragParamsALimit_,
filtDragParamsAExponent_,
localPhiP,
dParceldPrim
);
beta *= cCorrParcelSize_;
}
// calc particle's drag
drag = Vs * beta * Ur;
if (modelType_=="B")
drag /= voidfraction;
}
// 3 - C - 2 - This is a standardized debug and report section
if( verbose_ ) //&& index>100 && index < 105)
{
Info << "index / cellI = " << index << tab << cellI << endl;
Info << "position = " << particleCloud_.position(index) << endl;
Info << "Us = " << Us << endl;
Info << "Ur = " << Ur << endl;
Info << "ds = " << ds << endl;
Info << "rho = " << rho << endl;
Info << "nuf = " << nuf << endl;
Info << "voidfraction = " << voidfraction << endl;
Info << "voidfraction_[cellI]: " << voidfraction_[cellI] << endl;
Info << "Rep = " << Rep << endl;
Info << "filterDragPrefactor = " << filterDragPrefactor << endl;
Info << "fFuncFilteredDrag: " << fFuncFilteredDrag(FfFilterPrime, localPhiP) << endl;
Info << "hFuncFilteredDrag: " << hFuncFilteredDrag(localPhiP) << endl;
Info << "cCorrParcelSize: " << cCorrParcelSize_ << endl;
Info << "F0 / G0: " << F0 << tab << G0 << endl;
Info << "beta: " << beta << endl;
Info << "drag = " << drag << endl;
Info << "\nBeetstra drag model settings: treatExplicit " << treatExplicit_ << tab
<< "verbose: " << verbose_ << tab
<< "dPrim: " << dPrim_ << tab
<< "interpolation: " << interpolation_ << tab
<< "filteredDragM: " << useFilteredDragModel_ << tab
<< "parcelSizeDepDrag: " << useParcelSizeDependentFilteredDrag_
<< endl << endl;
}
//Set value fields and write the probe
if(probeIt_)
{
#include "setupProbeModelfields.H"
vValues.append(drag); //first entry must the be the force
vValues.append(Ur);
sValues.append(Rep);
sValues.append(beta);
sValues.append(voidfraction);
sValues.append(filterDragPrefactor);
particleCloud_.probeM().writeProbe(index, sValues, vValues);
}
}
// set force on particle
if(treatExplicit_) for(int j=0;j<3;j++) expForces()[index][j] += drag[j];
else for(int j=0;j<3;j++) impForces()[index][j] += drag[j];
// set Cd
if(implDEM_)
{
for(int j=0;j<3;j++) fluidVel()[index][j]=Ufluid[j];
if (modelType_=="B")
Cds()[index][0] = Vs*beta/voidfraction;
else
Cds()[index][0] = Vs*beta;
}else{
for(int j=0;j<3;j++) DEMForces()[index][j] += drag[j];
}
//}
}
}
void gradPForce::setForce() const
{
volVectorField gradPField = fvc::grad(p_);
/*if (useU_)
{
// const volScalarField& voidfraction_ = particleCloud_.mesh().lookupObject<volScalarField> ("voidfraction");
volScalarField U2 = U_&U_;// *voidfraction_*voidfraction_;
if (useRho_)
gradPField = fvc::grad(0.5*U2);
else
gradPField = fvc::grad(0.5*rho_*U2);
}*/
vector gradP;
scalar ds;
scalar Vs;
scalar rho;
vector position;
vector force;
label cellI;
interpolationCellPoint<vector> gradPInterpolator_(gradPField);
#include "setupProbeModel.H"
for(int index = 0;index < particleCloud_.numberOfParticles(); index++)
{
//if(mask[index][0])
//{
force=vector(0,0,0);
cellI = particleCloud_.cellIDs()[index][0];
if (cellI > -1) // particle Found
{
position = particleCloud_.position(index);
if(interpolation_) // use intepolated values for alpha (normally off!!!)
{
gradP = gradPInterpolator_.interpolate(position,cellI);
}else
{
gradP = gradPField[cellI];
}
ds = 2*particleCloud_.radius(index);
Vs = ds*ds*ds*M_PI/6;
rho = rho_[cellI];
// calc particle's pressure gradient force
if (useRho_)
force = -Vs*gradP*rho*(1.0+addedMassCoeff_);
else
force = -Vs*gradP*(1.0+addedMassCoeff_);
if(verbose_ && index >=0 && index <2)
{
Info << "index = " << index << endl;
Info << "gradP = " << gradP << endl;
Info << "force = " << force << endl;
}
//Set value fields and write the probe
if(probeIt_)
{
#include "setupProbeModelfields.H"
vValues.append(force); //first entry must the be the force
sValues.append(Vs);
sValues.append(rho);
particleCloud_.probeM().writeProbe(index, sValues, vValues);
}
}
// set force on particle
if(!treatDEM_){
if(!treatExplicit_) for(int j=0;j<3;j++) impForces()[index][j] += force[j];
else for(int j=0;j<3;j++) expForces()[index][j] += force[j];
}
for(int j=0;j<3;j++) DEMForces()[index][j] += force[j];
//}
}
}
void SchillerNaumannDrag::setForce() const
{
// get viscosity field
#ifdef comp
const volScalarField nufField = particleCloud_.turbulence().mu() / rho_;
#else
const volScalarField& nufField = particleCloud_.turbulence().nu();
#endif
#include "setupProbeModel.H"
for(int index = 0;index < particleCloud_.numberOfParticles(); index++)
{
//if(mask[index][0])
//{
vector drag(0,0,0);
vector Uturb(0,0,0);
vector position(0,0,0);
label cellI = particleCloud_.cellIDs()[index][0];
if (cellI > -1) // particle Found
{
//NP note: one could add pointInterpolated values instead of cell centered
vector Us = particleCloud_.velocity(index);
vector Ur = U_[cellI]-Us;
position = particleCloud_.position(index);
//accounting for turbulent dispersion
if(particleCloud_.dispersionM().isActive())
{
Uturb=particleCloud_.fluidTurbVel(index);
Ur=(U_[cellI]+Uturb)-Us;
}
scalar ds = 2*particleCloud_.radius(index);
scalar nuf = nufField[cellI];
scalar rho = rho_[cellI];
scalar voidfraction = particleCloud_.voidfraction(index);
scalar magUr = mag(Ur);
scalar Rep = 0;
scalar Cd = 0;
if (magUr > 0)
{
// calc particle Re Nr
Rep = ds*magUr/nuf;
// calc fluid drag Coeff
Cd = max(0.44,24.0/Rep*(1.0+0.15*pow(Rep,0.687)));
// calc particle's drag
drag = 0.125*Cd*rho*M_PI*ds*ds*magUr*Ur;
if (modelType_=="B")
drag /= voidfraction;
}
if(verbose_ && index >=0 && index <1)
{
Pout << " "<< endl;
Pout << "SchillerNaumannDrag drag force verbose: " << endl;
Info << "index = " << index << endl;
Pout << "position = " << position << endl;
Pout << "Ufluid = " << U_[cellI] << endl;
Pout << "Uturb = " << Uturb << endl;
Pout << "Us = " << Us << endl;
Info << "Ur = " << Ur << endl;
Info << "ds = " << ds << endl;
Info << "rho = " << rho << endl;
Info << "nuf = " << nuf << endl;
Info << "voidfraction = " << voidfraction << endl;
Info << "Rep = " << Rep << endl;
Info << "Cd = " << Cd << endl;
Info << "drag = " << drag << endl;
Pout << " "<< endl;
}
//Set value fields and write the probe
if(probeIt_)
{
#include "setupProbeModelfields.H"
vValues.append(drag); //first entry must the be the force
vValues.append(Ur);
sValues.append(Rep);
sValues.append(Cd);
particleCloud_.probeM().writeProbe(index, sValues, vValues);
}
}
// set force on particle
if(treatExplicit_) for(int j=0;j<3;j++) expForces()[index][j] += drag[j];
else for(int j=0;j<3;j++) impForces()[index][j] += drag[j];
for(int j=0;j<3;j++) DEMForces()[index][j] += drag[j];
//}
}
}
void brownianForce::setForce() const
{
// get viscosity field
#ifdef comp
const volScalarField nufField = particleCloud_.turbulence().mu() / rho_;
#else
const volScalarField& nufField = particleCloud_.turbulence().nu();
#endif
vector force(0,0,0);
scalar dp=0;
scalar alpha=0;
scalar Cc = 0;
scalar rhoRatio=0;
scalar S0=0;
scalar rho_p=0;
scalar mass=0;
scalar Diff_k=0;
//scalar eta=0;
//const scalar sqrt2 = 1.414213562;//sqrt(2.0);
//const scalar sigma = physicoChemical::sigma.value();
const scalar Tc = temperature_;
const scalar kb=1.38e-23;
scalar f = 0.0;
for(int index = 0;index < particleCloud_.numberOfParticles(); ++index)
{
label cellI = particleCloud_.cellIDs()[index][0];
force=vector::zero;
if (cellI > -1) // particle Found
{
dp = particleCloud_.d(index);
mass=particleCloud_.mass(index);
rho_p=mass/(0.523598776*pow3(dp)); //M_PI/6=0.523598776
alpha = 2.0*lambda_/dp;
Cc = 1.0 + alpha*(1.257 + 0.4*exp(-1.1/alpha));
//const scalar eta = rndGen_.sample01<scalar>();
//random number [0;1]
//const scalar eta = uniform();
rhoRatio = rho_p/rho_[cellI];
scalar muc = nufField[cellI]*rho_[cellI];
S0 = 216*muc*kb*Tc/(9.869604401*pow5(dp)*sqr(rhoRatio)*Cc); //9.869604401=sqr(M_PI)
f = sqrt(M_PI*S0/dt_);
for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
{
//const scalar x = rndGen_.sample01<scalar>();
//const scalar x = (scalar)random()/INT_MAX;
//const scalar eta = sqrt2*erfInv(2*x - 1.0);
//const scalar eta = gaussian();
//Info<<"++++++"<<eta<<endl;
//value.Su()[i] = mass*f*eta;
DEMForces()[index][j] += mass*f*gaussian();
}
if(verbose_ && index >=0 && index <1)
{
Diff_k=(kb*Tc*Cc)/(2*M_PI*muc*dp);
Pout << " "<< endl;
Pout << "Brownian force verbose: " << endl;
Pout << "index = " << index << endl;
Pout << "cellI = " << cellI << endl;
Pout << "dt = " << dt_ << endl;
Pout << "muf = " << muc << endl;
Pout << "nuf = " << nufField[cellI] << endl;
Pout << "dp = " << dp << endl;
Pout << "mass = " << mass << endl;
Pout << "rhop = " << rho_p << endl;
Pout << "phof = " << rho_[cellI] << endl;
Pout << "rhoRatio = " << rhoRatio << endl;
//Pout << "sigma = " << sigma << endl;
Pout << "kb = " << kb << endl;
Pout << "Tf = " << Tc << endl;
Pout << "lambda = " << lambda_ << endl;
Pout << "Diff_k = " << Diff_k << endl;
Pout << "Cc = " << Cc << endl;
Pout << "Force = (" << DEMForces()[index][0]<<" "<<DEMForces()[index][1]<<" "<<DEMForces()[index][2]<<")"<< endl;
//TODO TRY to display forces like below
//Pout << "UTurb = " << particleCloud_.fluidTurbVel(index)<< endl;
/*Pout << "Fx = " << DEMForces()[index][0] << endl;
Pout << "Fy = " << DEMForces()[index][1] << endl;
Pout << "Fz = " << DEMForces()[index][2] << endl;*/
Pout << " "<< endl;
}
/*
if(twoDimensional_)
{
force = M_PI*pow(radius,2)*part_density_*g_.value();
}
else
{
force = 1.333*part_density_*M_PI*pow(radius,3)*g_.value();
}*/
}
}
}
void GidaspowDrag::setForce() const
{
if (scaleDia_ > 1)
Info << "Gidaspow using scale = " << scaleDia_ << endl;
else if (particleCloud_.cg() > 1){
scaleDia_=particleCloud_.cg();
Info << "Gidaspow using scale from liggghts cg = " << scaleDia_ << endl;
}
// get viscosity field
#ifdef comp
const volScalarField nufField = particleCloud_.turbulence().mu() / rho_;
#else
const volScalarField& nufField = particleCloud_.turbulence().nu();
#endif
vector position(0,0,0);
scalar voidfraction(1);
vector Ufluid(0,0,0);
vector drag(0,0,0);
label cellI=0;
vector Us(0,0,0);
vector Uturb(0,0,0);
vector Ur(0,0,0);
scalar ds(0);
scalar nuf(0);
scalar rho(0);
scalar magUr(0);
scalar Rep(0);
scalar Vs(0);
scalar localPhiP(0);
scalar CdMagUrLag(0); //Cd of the very particle
scalar KslLag(0); //momentum exchange of the very particle (per unit volume)
scalar betaP(0); //momentum exchange of the very particle
interpolationCellPoint<scalar> voidfractionInterpolator_(voidfraction_);
interpolationCellPoint<vector> UInterpolator_(U_);
#include "setupProbeModel.H"
for(int index = 0;index < particleCloud_.numberOfParticles(); ++index)
{
//if(mask[index][0])
//{
cellI = particleCloud_.cellIDs()[index][0];
drag = vector(0,0,0);
betaP = 0;
Vs = 0;
Ufluid =vector(0,0,0);
voidfraction=0;
if (cellI > -1) // particle Found
{
position = particleCloud_.position(index);
if(interpolation_)
{
//position = particleCloud_.position(index);
voidfraction = voidfractionInterpolator_.interpolate(position,cellI);
Ufluid = UInterpolator_.interpolate(position,cellI);
//Ensure interpolated void fraction to be meaningful
// Info << " --> voidfraction: " << voidfraction << endl;
if(voidfraction>1.00) voidfraction = 1.0;
if(voidfraction<0.10) voidfraction = 0.10;
}
else
{
voidfraction = voidfraction_[cellI];
Ufluid = U_[cellI];
}
Us = particleCloud_.velocity(index);
Ur = Ufluid-Us;
//accounting for turbulent dispersion
if(particleCloud_.dispersionM().isActive())
{
Uturb=particleCloud_.fluidTurbVel(index);
Ur=(Ufluid+Uturb)-Us;
}
magUr = mag(Ur);
ds = 2*particleCloud_.radius(index)*phi_;
rho = rho_[cellI];
nuf = nufField[cellI];
Rep=0.0;
localPhiP = 1.0f-voidfraction+SMALL;
Vs = ds*ds*ds*M_PI/6;
//Compute specific drag coefficient (i.e., Force per unit slip velocity and per m³ SUSPENSION)
//Wen and Yu, 1966
if(voidfraction > 0.8) //dilute
{
Rep=ds/scaleDia_*voidfraction*magUr/nuf;
CdMagUrLag = (24.0*nuf/(ds/scaleDia_*voidfraction)) //1/magUr missing here, but compensated in expression for KslLag!
*(scalar(1)+0.15*Foam::pow(Rep, 0.687));
KslLag = 0.75*(
rho*localPhiP*voidfraction*CdMagUrLag
/
(ds/scaleDia_*Foam::pow(voidfraction,2.65))
);
}
//Ergun, 1952
else //dense
{
KslLag = (150*Foam::pow(localPhiP,2)*nuf*rho)/
(voidfraction*ds/scaleDia_*ds/scaleDia_+SMALL)
+
(1.75*(localPhiP) * magUr * rho)/
((ds/scaleDia_));
}
// calc particle's drag coefficient (i.e., Force per unit slip velocity and per m³ PARTICLE)
betaP = KslLag / localPhiP;
// calc particle's drag
drag = Vs * betaP * Ur * scaleDrag_;
if (modelType_=="B")
drag /= voidfraction;
if(verbose_ && index >=0 && index <1)
{
Pout << " "<< endl;
Pout << "Gidaspow drag force verbose: " << endl;
Pout << "magUr = " << magUr << endl;
Pout << "localPhiP = " << localPhiP << endl;
Pout << "CdMagUrLag = " << CdMagUrLag << endl;
Pout << "treatExplicit_ = " << treatExplicit_ << endl;
Pout << "implDEM_ = " << implDEM_ << endl;
Pout << "modelType_ = " << modelType_ << endl;
Pout << "KslLag = " << KslLag << endl;
Pout << "cellI = " << cellI << endl;
Pout << "index = " << index << endl;
Pout << "Ufluid = " << Ufluid << endl;
Pout << "Uturb = " << Uturb << endl;
Pout << "Us = " << Us << endl;
Pout << "Ur = " << Ur << endl;
Pout << "Vs = " << Vs << endl;
Pout << "ds = " << ds << endl;
Pout << "ds/scale = " << ds/scaleDia_ << endl;
Pout << "phi = " << phi_ << endl;
Pout << "rho = " << rho << endl;
Pout << "nuf = " << nuf << endl;
Pout << "voidfraction = " << voidfraction << endl;
Pout << "Rep = " << Rep << endl;
Pout << "localPhiP = " << localPhiP << endl;
Pout << "betaP = " << betaP << endl;
Pout << "drag = " << drag << endl;
Pout << "position = " << position << endl;
Pout << " "<< endl;
}
//Set value fields and write the probe
if(probeIt_)
{
#include "setupProbeModelfields.H"
vValues.append(drag); //first entry must the be the force
vValues.append(Ur);
sValues.append(Rep);
sValues.append(betaP);
sValues.append(voidfraction);
particleCloud_.probeM().writeProbe(index, sValues, vValues);
}
}
// set force on particle
//treatExplicit_ = false by default
if(treatExplicit_) for(int j=0;j<3;j++) expForces()[index][j] += drag[j];
else for(int j=0;j<3;j++) impForces()[index][j] += drag[j];
// set Cd
//implDEM_ = false by default
if(implDEM_)
{
for(int j=0;j<3;j++) fluidVel()[index][j]=Ufluid[j];
if (modelType_=="B" && cellI > -1)
Cds()[index][0] = Vs*betaP/voidfraction*scaleDrag_;
else
Cds()[index][0] = Vs*betaP*scaleDrag_;
}else{
for(int j=0;j<3;j++) DEMForces()[index][j] += drag[j];
}
//}// end if mask
}// end loop particles
}
void DiFeliceDrag::setForce() const
{
if (scaleDia_ > 1)
Info << "DiFeliceDrag using scale = " << scaleDia_ << endl;
else if (particleCloud_.cg() > 1){
scaleDia_=particleCloud_.cg();
Info << "DiFeliceDrag using scale from liggghts cg = " << scaleDia_ << endl;
}
// get viscosity field
#ifdef comp
const volScalarField nufField = particleCloud_.turbulence().mu() / rho_;
#else
const volScalarField& nufField = particleCloud_.turbulence().nu();
#endif
vector position(0,0,0);
scalar voidfraction(1);
vector Ufluid(0,0,0);
vector drag(0,0,0);
label cellI=0;
vector Us(0,0,0);
vector Ur(0,0,0);
scalar ds(0);
scalar nuf(0);
scalar rho(0);
scalar magUr(0);
scalar Rep(0);
scalar Cd(0);
vector UfluidFluct(0,0,0);
vector UsFluct(0,0,0);
vector dragExplicit(0,0,0);
scalar dragCoefficient(0);
interpolationCellPoint<scalar> voidfractionInterpolator_(voidfraction_);
interpolationCellPoint<vector> UInterpolator_(U_);
#include "setupProbeModel.H"
for(int index = 0;index < particleCloud_.numberOfParticles(); index++)
{
//if(mask[index][0])
//{
cellI = particleCloud_.cellIDs()[index][0];
drag = vector(0,0,0);
if (cellI > -1) // particle Found
{
if(interpolation_)
{
position = particleCloud_.position(index);
voidfraction = voidfractionInterpolator_.interpolate(position,cellI);
Ufluid = UInterpolator_.interpolate(position,cellI);
}else
{
voidfraction = voidfraction_[cellI];
Ufluid = U_[cellI];
}
Us = particleCloud_.velocity(index);
Ur = Ufluid-Us;
ds = 2*particleCloud_.radius(index);
nuf = nufField[cellI];
rho = rho_[cellI];
magUr = mag(Ur);
Rep = 0;
Cd = 0;
dragCoefficient = 0;
if (magUr > 0)
{
// calc particle Re Nr
Rep = ds/scaleDia_*voidfraction*magUr/(nuf+SMALL);
// calc fluid drag Coeff
Cd = sqr(0.63 + 4.8/sqrt(Rep));
// calc model coefficient Xi
scalar Xi = 3.7 - 0.65 * exp(-sqr(1.5-log10(Rep))/2);
// calc particle's drag
dragCoefficient = 0.125*Cd*rho
*M_PI
*ds*ds
*scaleDia_
*pow(voidfraction,(2-Xi))*magUr
*scaleDrag_;
if (modelType_=="B")
dragCoefficient /= voidfraction;
drag = dragCoefficient*Ur; //total drag force!
//Split forces
if(splitImplicitExplicit_)
{
UfluidFluct = Ufluid - U_[cellI];
UsFluct = Us - UsField_[cellI];
dragExplicit = dragCoefficient*(UfluidFluct - UsFluct); //explicit part of force
}
}
if(verbose_ && index >-1 && index <102)
{
Pout << "index = " << index << endl;
Pout << "Us = " << Us << endl;
Pout << "Ur = " << Ur << endl;
Pout << "ds/scale = " << ds/scaleDia_ << endl;
Pout << "rho = " << rho << endl;
Pout << "nuf = " << nuf << endl;
Pout << "voidfraction = " << voidfraction << endl;
Pout << "Rep = " << Rep << endl;
Pout << "Cd = " << Cd << endl;
Pout << "drag (total) = " << drag << endl;
if(splitImplicitExplicit_)
{
Pout << "UfluidFluct = " << UfluidFluct << endl;
Pout << "UsFluct = " << UsFluct << endl;
Pout << "dragExplicit = " << dragExplicit << endl;
}
}
//Set value fields and write the probe
if(probeIt_)
{
#include "setupProbeModelfields.H"
vValues.append(drag); //first entry must the be the force
vValues.append(Ur);
sValues.append(Rep);
sValues.append(Cd);
sValues.append(voidfraction);
particleCloud_.probeM().writeProbe(index, sValues, vValues);
}
}
// set force on particle
if(treatExplicit_) for(int j=0;j<3;j++) expForces()[index][j] += drag[j];
else //implicit treatment, taking explicit force contribution into account
{
for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
{
impForces()[index][j] += drag[j] - dragExplicit[j]; //only consider implicit part!
expForces()[index][j] += dragExplicit[j];
}
}
for(int j=0;j<3;j++) DEMForces()[index][j] += drag[j];
}
//}
}
void viscForce::setForce() const
{
// get viscosity field
#ifdef comp
const volScalarField& mufField = particleCloud_.turbulence().mu();
// calc div(Tau)
volVectorField divTauField =
- fvc::laplacian(mufField, U_)
- fvc::div(mufField*dev(fvc::grad(U_)().T()));
#else
const volScalarField& nufField = particleCloud_.turbulence().nu();
// calc div(Tau)
volVectorField divTauField =
- fvc::laplacian(nufField*rho_, U_)
- fvc::div(nufField*rho_*dev(fvc::grad(U_)().T()));
#endif
vector divTau;
scalar ds;
scalar Vs;
vector position;
vector force;
label cellI;
interpolationCellPoint<vector> divTauInterpolator_(divTauField);
for(int index = 0; index < particleCloud_.numberOfParticles(); index++)
{
//if(mask[index][0])
//{
force=vector(0,0,0);
cellI = particleCloud_.cellIDs()[index][0];
if (cellI > -1) // particle Found
{
position = particleCloud_.position(index);
if(interpolation_) // use intepolated values for alpha (normally off!!!)
{
divTau = divTauInterpolator_.interpolate(position,cellI);
} else
{
divTau = divTauField[cellI];
}
ds = 2*particleCloud_.radius(index);
Vs = ds*ds*ds*M_PI/6;
// calc particle's pressure gradient force
force = -Vs*divTau;
if(verbose_ && index >0 && index <2)
{
Info << "index = " << index << endl;
Info << "gradP = " << divTau << endl;
Info << "force = " << force << endl;
}
}
// set force on particle
if(!treatDEM_) {
if(!treatExplicit_) for(int j=0; j<3; j++) impForces()[index][j] += force[j];
else for(int j=0; j<3; j++) expForces()[index][j] += force[j];
}
for(int j=0; j<3; j++) DEMForces()[index][j] += force[j];
//}
}
}
void DiFeliceDrag::setForce() const
{
// get viscosity field
#ifdef comp
const volScalarField nufField = particleCloud_.turbulence().mu() / rho_;
#else
const volScalarField& nufField = particleCloud_.turbulence().nu();
#endif
vector position(0,0,0);
scalar voidfraction(1);
vector Ufluid(0,0,0);
vector drag(0,0,0);
label cellI=0;
vector Us(0,0,0);
vector Ur(0,0,0);
scalar ds(0);
scalar nuf(0);
scalar rho(0);
scalar magUr(0);
scalar Rep(0);
scalar Cd(0);
interpolationCellPoint<scalar> voidfractionInterpolator_(voidfraction_);
interpolationCellPoint<vector> UInterpolator_(U_);
#include "setupProbeModel.H"
for(int index = 0;index < particleCloud_.numberOfParticles(); index++)
{
//if(mask[index][0])
//{
cellI = particleCloud_.cellIDs()[index][0];
drag = vector(0,0,0);
if (cellI > -1) // particle Found
{
if(interpolation_)
{
position = particleCloud_.position(index);
voidfraction = voidfractionInterpolator_.interpolate(position,cellI);
Ufluid = UInterpolator_.interpolate(position,cellI);
}else
{
voidfraction = voidfraction_[cellI];
Ufluid = U_[cellI];
}
Us = particleCloud_.velocity(index);
Ur = Ufluid-Us;
ds = 2*particleCloud_.radius(index);
nuf = nufField[cellI];
rho = rho_[cellI];
magUr = mag(Ur);
Rep = 0;
Cd = 0;
if (magUr > 0)
{
// calc particle Re Nr
Rep = ds*voidfraction*magUr/(nuf+SMALL);
// calc fluid drag Coeff
Cd = sqr(0.63 + 4.8/sqrt(Rep));
// calc model coefficient Xi
scalar Xi = 3.7 - 0.65 * exp(-sqr(1.5-log10(Rep))/2);
// calc particle's drag
drag = 0.125*Cd*rho*M_PI*ds*ds*pow(voidfraction,(2-Xi))*magUr*Ur;
if (modelType_=="B")
drag /= voidfraction;
}
if(verbose_ && index >100 && index <102)
{
Pout << "index = " << index << endl;
Pout << "Us = " << Us << endl;
Pout << "Ur = " << Ur << endl;
Pout << "ds = " << ds << endl;
Pout << "rho = " << rho << endl;
Pout << "nuf = " << nuf << endl;
Pout << "voidfraction = " << voidfraction << endl;
Pout << "Rep = " << Rep << endl;
Pout << "Cd = " << Cd << endl;
Pout << "drag = " << drag << endl;
}
//Set value fields and write the probe
if(probeIt_)
{
#include "setupProbeModelfields.H"
vValues.append(drag); //first entry must the be the force
vValues.append(Ur);
sValues.append(Rep);
sValues.append(Cd);
sValues.append(voidfraction);
particleCloud_.probeM().writeProbe(index, sValues, vValues);
}
}
// set force on particle
if(treatExplicit_) for(int j=0;j<3;j++) expForces()[index][j] += drag[j];
else for(int j=0;j<3;j++) impForces()[index][j] += drag[j];
for(int j=0;j<3;j++) DEMForces()[index][j] += drag[j];
}
//}
}
void KochHillDrag::setForce() const
{
if (scaleDia_ > 1)
Info << "KochHill using scale = " << scaleDia_ << endl;
else if (particleCloud_.cg() > 1){
scaleDia_=particleCloud_.cg();
Info << "KochHill using scale from liggghts cg = " << scaleDia_ << endl;
}
// get viscosity field
#ifdef comp
const volScalarField nufField = particleCloud_.turbulence().mu()/rho_;
#else
const volScalarField& nufField = particleCloud_.turbulence().nu();
#endif
vector position(0,0,0);
scalar voidfraction(1);
vector Ufluid(0,0,0);
vector drag(0,0,0);
label cellI=0;
vector Us(0,0,0);
vector Ur(0,0,0);
scalar ds(0);
scalar nuf(0);
scalar rho(0);
scalar magUr(0);
scalar Rep(0);
scalar Vs(0);
scalar volumefraction(0);
scalar betaP(0);
interpolationCellPoint<scalar> voidfractionInterpolator_(voidfraction_);
interpolationCellPoint<vector> UInterpolator_(U_);
#include "setupProbeModel.H"
for(int index = 0;index < particleCloud_.numberOfParticles(); index++)
{
//if(mask[index][0])
//{
cellI = particleCloud_.cellIDs()[index][0];
drag = vector(0,0,0);
betaP = 0;
Vs = 0;
Ufluid =vector(0,0,0);
voidfraction=0;
if (cellI > -1) // particle Found
{
if(interpolation_)
{
position = particleCloud_.position(index);
voidfraction = voidfractionInterpolator_.interpolate(position,cellI);
Ufluid = UInterpolator_.interpolate(position,cellI);
//Ensure interpolated void fraction to be meaningful
// Info << " --> voidfraction: " << voidfraction << endl;
if(voidfraction>1.00) voidfraction = 1.00;
if(voidfraction<0.40) voidfraction = 0.40;
}else
{
voidfraction = voidfraction_[cellI];
Ufluid = U_[cellI];
}
Us = particleCloud_.velocity(index);
Ur = Ufluid-Us;
ds = particleCloud_.d(index);
nuf = nufField[cellI];
rho = rho_[cellI];
magUr = mag(Ur);
Rep = 0;
Vs = ds*ds*ds*M_PI/6;
volumefraction = 1-voidfraction+SMALL;
if (magUr > 0)
{
// calc particle Re Nr
Rep = ds/scaleDia_*voidfraction*magUr/(nuf+SMALL);
// calc model coefficient F0
scalar F0=0.;
if(volumefraction < 0.4)
{
F0 = (1+3*sqrt((volumefraction)/2)+135/64*volumefraction*log(volumefraction)
+16.14*volumefraction
)/
(1+0.681*volumefraction-8.48*sqr(volumefraction)
+8.16*volumefraction*volumefraction*volumefraction
);
} else {
F0 = 10*volumefraction/(voidfraction*voidfraction*voidfraction);
}
// calc model coefficient F3
scalar F3 = 0.0673+0.212*volumefraction+0.0232/pow(voidfraction,5);
//Calculate F
scalar F = voidfraction * (F0 + 0.5*F3*Rep);
// calc drag model coefficient betaP
betaP = 18.*nuf*rho/(ds/scaleDia_*ds/scaleDia_)*voidfraction*F;
// calc particle's drag
drag = Vs*betaP*Ur*scaleDrag_;
if (modelType_=="B")
drag /= voidfraction;
}
if(verbose_ && index >=0 && index <2)
{
Pout << "cellI = " << cellI << endl;
Pout << "index = " << index << endl;
Pout << "Us = " << Us << endl;
Pout << "Ur = " << Ur << endl;
Pout << "ds = " << ds << endl;
Pout << "ds/scale = " << ds/scaleDia_ << endl;
Pout << "rho = " << rho << endl;
Pout << "nuf = " << nuf << endl;
Pout << "voidfraction = " << voidfraction << endl;
Pout << "Rep = " << Rep << endl;
Pout << "betaP = " << betaP << endl;
Pout << "drag = " << drag << endl;
}
//Set value fields and write the probe
if(probeIt_)
{
#include "setupProbeModelfields.H"
vValues.append(drag); //first entry must the be the force
vValues.append(Ur);
sValues.append(Rep);
sValues.append(betaP);
sValues.append(voidfraction);
particleCloud_.probeM().writeProbe(index, sValues, vValues);
}
}
// set force on particle
if(treatExplicit_) for(int j=0;j<3;j++) expForces()[index][j] += drag[j];
else for(int j=0;j<3;j++) impForces()[index][j] += drag[j];
// set Cd
if(implDEM_)
{
for(int j=0;j<3;j++) fluidVel()[index][j]=Ufluid[j];
if (modelType_=="B" && cellI > -1)
Cds()[index][0] = Vs*betaP/voidfraction*scaleDrag_;
else
Cds()[index][0] = Vs*betaP*scaleDrag_;
}else{
for(int j=0;j<3;j++) DEMForces()[index][j] += drag[j];
}
//}
}
}
