static int create_task_21(starpu_data_handle_t dataA, unsigned k, unsigned j, unsigned reclevel)
{
	int ret;

	struct starpu_task *task = create_task(TAG21_AUX(k, j, reclevel));

	task->cl = &cl21;

	/* which sub-data is manipulated ? */
	task->handles[0] = starpu_data_get_sub_data(dataA, 2, k, k);
	task->handles[1] = starpu_data_get_sub_data(dataA, 2, k, j);

	if (j == k+1)
	{
		task->priority = STARPU_MAX_PRIO;
	}

	/* enforce dependencies ... */
	if (k > 0)
	{
		starpu_tag_declare_deps(TAG21_AUX(k, j, reclevel), 2, TAG11_AUX(k, reclevel), TAG22_AUX(k-1, k, j, reclevel));
	}
	else
	{
		starpu_tag_declare_deps(TAG21_AUX(k, j, reclevel), 1, TAG11_AUX(k, reclevel));
	}

	int n = starpu_matrix_get_nx(task->handles[0]);
	task->flops = FLOPS_STRSM(n, n);

	ret = starpu_task_submit(task);
	if (ret != -ENODEV) STARPU_CHECK_RETURN_VALUE(ret, "starpu_task_submit");
	return ret;
}
static void create_task_21(starpu_data_handle_t dataA, unsigned k, unsigned j)
{
	struct starpu_task *task = create_task(TAG21(k, j));

	task->cl = &cl21;

	/* which sub-data is manipulated ? */
	task->handles[0] = starpu_data_get_sub_data(dataA, 2, k, k);
	task->handles[1] = starpu_data_get_sub_data(dataA, 2, k, j);

	if (!noprio && (j == k+1))
	{
		task->priority = STARPU_MAX_PRIO;
	}

	/* enforce dependencies ... */
	if (k > 0)
	{
		starpu_tag_declare_deps(TAG21(k, j), 2, TAG11(k), TAG22(k-1, k, j));
	}
	else
	{
		starpu_tag_declare_deps(TAG21(k, j), 1, TAG11(k));
	}

	int n = starpu_matrix_get_nx(task->handles[0]);
	task->flops = FLOPS_STRSM(n, n);

	int ret = starpu_task_submit(task);
        if (STARPU_UNLIKELY(ret == -ENODEV))
	{
                FPRINTF(stderr, "No worker may execute this task\n");
                exit(0);
        }

}
Пример #3
0
/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   -- Testing strsm
*/
int main( int argc, char** argv)
{
    TESTING_INIT();

    real_Double_t   gflops, cublas_perf, cublas_time, cpu_perf=0, cpu_time=0;
    float          cublas_error, normA, normx, normr, work[1];
    magma_int_t N, info;
    magma_int_t sizeA;
    magma_int_t lda, ldda;
    magma_int_t ione     = 1;
    magma_int_t ISEED[4] = {0,0,0,1};
    magma_int_t *ipiv;

    float *h_A, *h_b, *h_x, *h_xcublas;
    float *d_A, *d_x;
    float c_neg_one = MAGMA_S_NEG_ONE;
    magma_int_t status = 0;
    
    magma_opts opts;
    parse_opts( argc, argv, &opts );
    
    float tol = opts.tolerance * lapackf77_slamch("E");
    
    printf("uplo = %s, transA = %s, diag = %s\n",
           lapack_uplo_const(opts.uplo), lapack_trans_const(opts.transA), lapack_diag_const(opts.diag) );
    printf("    N  CUBLAS Gflop/s (ms)   CPU Gflop/s (ms)   CUBLAS error\n");
    printf("============================================================\n");
    for( int itest = 0; itest < opts.ntest; ++itest ) {
        for( int iter = 0; iter < opts.niter; ++iter ) {
            N = opts.nsize[itest];
            gflops = FLOPS_STRSM(opts.side, N, 1) / 1e9;
            lda    = N;
            ldda   = ((lda+31)/32)*32;
            sizeA  = lda*N;
            
            TESTING_MALLOC_CPU( ipiv,      magma_int_t,        N     );
            TESTING_MALLOC_CPU( h_A,       float, lda*N );
            TESTING_MALLOC_CPU( h_b,       float, N     );
            TESTING_MALLOC_CPU( h_x,       float, N     );
            TESTING_MALLOC_CPU( h_xcublas, float, N     );
            
            TESTING_MALLOC_DEV( d_A, float, ldda*N );
            TESTING_MALLOC_DEV( d_x, float, N      );
            
            /* Initialize the matrices */
            /* Factor A into LU to get well-conditioned triangular matrix.
             * Copy L to U, since L seems okay when used with non-unit diagonal
             * (i.e., from U), while U fails when used with unit diagonal. */
            lapackf77_slarnv( &ione, ISEED, &sizeA, h_A );
            lapackf77_sgetrf( &N, &N, h_A, &lda, ipiv, &info );
            for( int j = 0; j < N; ++j ) {
                for( int i = 0; i < j; ++i ) {
                    *h_A(i,j) = *h_A(j,i);
                }
            }
            
            lapackf77_slarnv( &ione, ISEED, &N, h_b );
            blasf77_scopy( &N, h_b, &ione, h_x, &ione );
            
            /* =====================================================================
               Performs operation using CUBLAS
               =================================================================== */
            magma_ssetmatrix( N, N, h_A, lda, d_A, ldda );
            magma_ssetvector( N, h_x, 1, d_x, 1 );
            
            cublas_time = magma_sync_wtime( NULL );
            cublasStrsv( handle, cublas_uplo_const(opts.uplo),
                         cublas_trans_const(opts.transA), cublas_diag_const(opts.diag),
                         N,
                         d_A, ldda,
                         d_x, 1 );
            cublas_time = magma_sync_wtime( NULL ) - cublas_time;
            cublas_perf = gflops / cublas_time;
            
            magma_sgetvector( N, d_x, 1, h_xcublas, 1 );
            
            /* =====================================================================
               Performs operation using CPU BLAS
               =================================================================== */
            if ( opts.lapack ) {
                cpu_time = magma_wtime();
                blasf77_strsv( lapack_uplo_const(opts.uplo), lapack_trans_const(opts.transA), lapack_diag_const(opts.diag),
                               &N,
                               h_A, &lda,
                               h_x, &ione );
                cpu_time = magma_wtime() - cpu_time;
                cpu_perf = gflops / cpu_time;
            }
            
            /* =====================================================================
               Check the result
               =================================================================== */
            // ||b - Ax|| / (||A||*||x||)
            // error for CUBLAS
            normA = lapackf77_slange( "F", &N, &N, h_A, &lda, work );
            
            normx = lapackf77_slange( "F", &N, &ione, h_xcublas, &ione, work );
            blasf77_strmv( lapack_uplo_const(opts.uplo), lapack_trans_const(opts.transA), lapack_diag_const(opts.diag),
                           &N,
                           h_A, &lda,
                           h_xcublas, &ione );
            blasf77_saxpy( &N, &c_neg_one, h_b, &ione, h_xcublas, &ione );
            normr = lapackf77_slange( "F", &N, &ione, h_xcublas, &N, work );
            cublas_error = normr / (normA*normx);

            if ( opts.lapack ) {
                printf("%5d   %7.2f (%7.2f)   %7.2f (%7.2f)   %8.2e   %s\n",
                        (int) N,
                        cublas_perf, 1000.*cublas_time,
                        cpu_perf,    1000.*cpu_time,
                        cublas_error, (cublas_error < tol ? "ok" : "failed"));
                status += ! (cublas_error < tol);
            }
            else {
                printf("%5d   %7.2f (%7.2f)     ---  (  ---  )   %8.2e   %s\n",
                        (int) N,
                        cublas_perf, 1000.*cublas_time,
                        cublas_error, (cublas_error < tol ? "ok" : "failed"));
                status += ! (cublas_error < tol);
            }
            
            TESTING_FREE_CPU( ipiv );
            TESTING_FREE_CPU( h_A  );
            TESTING_FREE_CPU( h_b  );
            TESTING_FREE_CPU( h_x  );
            TESTING_FREE_CPU( h_xcublas );
            
            TESTING_FREE_DEV( d_A );
            TESTING_FREE_DEV( d_x );
            fflush( stdout );
        }
        if ( opts.niter > 1 ) {
            printf( "\n" );
        }
    }

    TESTING_FINALIZE();
    return status;
}
Пример #4
0
int main( int argc, char** argv )
{
    TESTING_INIT();
    
    real_Double_t   gflops, t1, t2;
    float c_neg_one = MAGMA_S_NEG_ONE;
    magma_int_t ione = 1;
    const char trans[] = { 'N', 'C', 'T' };
    const char uplo[]  = { 'L', 'U' };
    const char diag[]  = { 'U', 'N' };
    const char side[]  = { 'L', 'R' };
    
    float  *A,  *B,  *C,   *C2, *LU;
    float *dA, *dB, *dC1, *dC2;
    float alpha = MAGMA_S_MAKE( 0.5, 0.1 );
    float beta  = MAGMA_S_MAKE( 0.7, 0.2 );
    float dalpha = 0.6;
    float dbeta  = 0.8;
    float work[1], error, total_error;
    magma_int_t ISEED[4] = {0,0,0,1};
    magma_int_t m, n, k, size, maxn, ld, info;
    magma_int_t *piv;
    magma_err_t err;
    
    magma_opts opts;
    parse_opts( argc, argv, &opts );
    
    printf( "Compares magma wrapper function to cublas function; all diffs should be exactly 0.\n\n" );
    
    total_error = 0.;
    for( int i = 0; i < opts.ntest; ++i ) {
        m = opts.msize[i];
        n = opts.nsize[i];
        k = opts.ksize[i];
        printf("=========================================================================\n");
        printf( "M %d, N %d, K %d\n", (int) m, (int) n, (int) k );
        
        // allocate matrices
        // over-allocate so they can be any combination of {m,n,k} x {m,n,k}.
        maxn = max( max( m, n ), k );
        ld = maxn;
        size = maxn*maxn;
        err = magma_malloc_cpu( (void**) &piv, maxn*sizeof(magma_int_t) );  assert( err == 0 );
        err = magma_smalloc_pinned( &A,  size );  assert( err == 0 );
        err = magma_smalloc_pinned( &B,  size );  assert( err == 0 );
        err = magma_smalloc_pinned( &C,  size );  assert( err == 0 );
        err = magma_smalloc_pinned( &C2, size );  assert( err == 0 );
        err = magma_smalloc_pinned( &LU, size );  assert( err == 0 );
        err = magma_smalloc( &dA,  size );        assert( err == 0 );
        err = magma_smalloc( &dB,  size );        assert( err == 0 );
        err = magma_smalloc( &dC1, size );        assert( err == 0 );
        err = magma_smalloc( &dC2, size );        assert( err == 0 );
        
        // initialize matrices
        size = maxn*maxn;
        lapackf77_slarnv( &ione, ISEED, &size, A  );
        lapackf77_slarnv( &ione, ISEED, &size, B  );
        lapackf77_slarnv( &ione, ISEED, &size, C  );
        
        printf( "========== Level 1 BLAS ==========\n" );
        
        // ----- test SSWAP
        // swap 2nd and 3rd columns of dA, then copy to C2 and compare with A
        assert( n >= 4 );
        magma_ssetmatrix( m, n, A, ld, dA, ld );
        magma_ssetmatrix( m, n, A, ld, dB, ld );
        magma_sswap( m, dA(0,1), 1, dA(0,2), 1 );
        magma_sswap( m, dB(0,1), 1, dB(0,2), 1 );
        
        // check results, storing diff between magma and cuda calls in C2
        cublasSaxpy( ld*n, c_neg_one, dA, 1, dB, 1 );
        magma_sgetmatrix( m, n, dB, ld, C2, ld );
        error = lapackf77_slange( "F", &m, &k, C2, &ld, work );
        total_error += error;
        printf( "sswap             diff %.2g\n", error );
        
        // ----- test ISAMAX
        // get argmax of column of A
        magma_ssetmatrix( m, k, A, ld, dA, ld );
        error = 0;
        for( int j = 0; j < k; ++j ) {
            magma_int_t i1 = magma_isamax( m, dA(0,j), 1 );
            magma_int_t i2 = cublasIsamax( m, dA(0,j), 1 );
            assert( i1 == i2 );
            error += abs( i1 - i2 );
        }
        total_error += error;
        gflops = (float)m * k / 1e9;
        printf( "isamax            diff %.2g\n", error );
        printf( "\n" );
        
        printf( "========== Level 2 BLAS ==========\n" );
        
        // ----- test SGEMV
        // c = alpha*A*b + beta*c,  with A m*n; b,c m or n-vectors
        // try no-trans/trans
        for( int ia = 0; ia < 3; ++ia ) {
            magma_ssetmatrix( m, n, A,  ld, dA,  ld );
            magma_ssetvector( maxn, B, 1, dB,  1 );
            magma_ssetvector( maxn, C, 1, dC1, 1 );
            magma_ssetvector( maxn, C, 1, dC2, 1 );
            t1 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 );
            magma_sgemv( trans[ia], m, n, alpha, dA, ld, dB, 1, beta, dC1, 1 );
            t1 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 ) - t1;
            t2 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 );
            cublasSgemv( trans[ia], m, n, alpha, dA, ld, dB, 1, beta, dC2, 1 );
            t2 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 ) - t2;
            
            // check results, storing diff between magma and cuda call in C2
            size = (trans[ia] == 'N' ? m : n);
            cublasSaxpy( size, c_neg_one, dC1, 1, dC2, 1 );
            magma_sgetvector( size, dC2, 1, C2, 1 );
            error = lapackf77_slange( "F", &size, &ione, C2, &ld, work );
            total_error += error;
            gflops = FLOPS_SGEMV( m, n ) / 1e9;
            printf( "sgemv( %c )        diff %.2g,  Gflop/s %6.2f, %6.2f\n",
                    trans[ia], error, gflops/t1, gflops/t2 );
        }
        printf( "\n" );
        
        // ----- test SSYMV
        // c = alpha*A*b + beta*c,  with A m*m symmetric; b,c m-vectors
        // try upper/lower
        for( int iu = 0; iu < 2; ++iu ) {
            magma_ssetmatrix( m, m, A, ld, dA, ld );
            magma_ssetvector( m, B, 1, dB,  1 );
            magma_ssetvector( m, C, 1, dC1, 1 );
            magma_ssetvector( m, C, 1, dC2, 1 );
            t1 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 );
            magma_ssymv( uplo[iu], m, alpha, dA, ld, dB, 1, beta, dC1, 1 );
            t1 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 ) - t1;
            t2 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 );
            cublasSsymv( uplo[iu], m, alpha, dA, ld, dB, 1, beta, dC2, 1 );
            t2 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 ) - t2;
            
            // check results, storing diff between magma and cuda call in C2
            cublasSaxpy( m, c_neg_one, dC1, 1, dC2, 1 );
            magma_sgetvector( m, dC2, 1, C2, 1 );
            error = lapackf77_slange( "F", &m, &ione, C2, &ld, work );
            total_error += error;
            gflops = FLOPS_SSYMV( m ) / 1e9;
            printf( "ssymv( %c )        diff %.2g,  Gflop/s %6.2f, %6.2f\n",
                    uplo[iu], error, gflops/t1, gflops/t2 );
        }
        printf( "\n" );
        
        // ----- test STRSV
        // solve A*c = c,  with A m*m triangular; c m-vector
        // try upper/lower, no-trans/trans, unit/non-unit diag
        // Factor A into LU to get well-conditioned triangles, else solve yields garbage.
        // Still can give garbage if solves aren't consistent with LU factors,
        // e.g., using unit diag for U, so copy lower triangle to upper triangle.
        // Also used for trsm later.
        lapackf77_slacpy( "Full", &maxn, &maxn, A, &ld, LU, &ld );
        lapackf77_sgetrf( &maxn, &maxn, LU, &ld, piv, &info );
        for( int j = 0; j < maxn; ++j ) {
            for( int i = 0; i < j; ++i ) {
                *LU(i,j) = *LU(j,i);
            }
        }
        for( int iu = 0; iu < 2; ++iu ) {
        for( int it = 0; it < 3; ++it ) {
        for( int id = 0; id < 2; ++id ) {
            magma_ssetmatrix( m, m, LU, ld, dA, ld );
            magma_ssetvector( m, C, 1, dC1, 1 );
            magma_ssetvector( m, C, 1, dC2, 1 );
            t1 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 );
            magma_strsv( uplo[iu], trans[it], diag[id], m, dA, ld, dC1, 1 );
            t1 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 ) - t1;
            t2 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 );
            cublasStrsv( uplo[iu], trans[it], diag[id], m, dA, ld, dC2, 1 );
            t2 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 ) - t2;
            
            // check results, storing diff between magma and cuda call in C2
            cublasSaxpy( m, c_neg_one, dC1, 1, dC2, 1 );
            magma_sgetvector( m, dC2, 1, C2, 1 );
            error = lapackf77_slange( "F", &m, &ione, C2, &ld, work );
            total_error += error;
            gflops = FLOPS_STRSM( MagmaLeft, m, 1 ) / 1e9;
            printf( "strsv( %c, %c, %c )  diff %.2g,  Gflop/s %6.2f, %6.2f\n",
                    uplo[iu], trans[it], diag[id], error, gflops/t1, gflops/t2 );
        }}}
        printf( "\n" );
        
        printf( "========== Level 3 BLAS ==========\n" );
        
        // ----- test SGEMM
        // C = alpha*A*B + beta*C,  with A m*k or k*m; B k*n or n*k; C m*n
        // try combinations of no-trans/trans
        for( int ia = 0; ia < 3; ++ia ) {
        for( int ib = 0; ib < 3; ++ib ) {
            bool nta = (trans[ia] == 'N');
            bool ntb = (trans[ib] == 'N');
            magma_ssetmatrix( (nta ? m : k), (nta ? m : k), A, ld, dA,  ld );
            magma_ssetmatrix( (ntb ? k : n), (ntb ? n : k), B, ld, dB,  ld );
            magma_ssetmatrix( m, n, C, ld, dC1, ld );
            magma_ssetmatrix( m, n, C, ld, dC2, ld );
            t1 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 );
            magma_sgemm( trans[ia], trans[ib], m, n, k, alpha, dA, ld, dB, ld, beta, dC1, ld );
            t1 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 ) - t1;
            t2 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 );
            cublasSgemm( trans[ia], trans[ib], m, n, k, alpha, dA, ld, dB, ld, beta, dC2, ld );
            t2 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 ) - t2;
            
            // check results, storing diff between magma and cuda call in C2
            cublasSaxpy( ld*n, c_neg_one, dC1, 1, dC2, 1 );
            magma_sgetmatrix( m, n, dC2, ld, C2, ld );
            error = lapackf77_slange( "F", &m, &n, C2, &ld, work );
            total_error += error;
            gflops = FLOPS_SGEMM( m, n, k ) / 1e9;
            printf( "sgemm( %c, %c )     diff %.2g,  Gflop/s %6.2f, %6.2f\n",
                    trans[ia], trans[ib], error, gflops/t1, gflops/t2 );
        }}
        printf( "\n" );
        
        // ----- test SSYMM
        // C = alpha*A*B + beta*C  (left)  with A m*m symmetric; B,C m*n; or
        // C = alpha*B*A + beta*C  (right) with A n*n symmetric; B,C m*n
        // try left/right, upper/lower
        for( int is = 0; is < 2; ++is ) {
        for( int iu = 0; iu < 2; ++iu ) {
            magma_ssetmatrix( m, m, A, ld, dA,  ld );
            magma_ssetmatrix( m, n, B, ld, dB,  ld );
            magma_ssetmatrix( m, n, C, ld, dC1, ld );
            magma_ssetmatrix( m, n, C, ld, dC2, ld );
            t1 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 );
            magma_ssymm( side[is], uplo[iu], m, n, alpha, dA, ld, dB, ld, beta, dC1, ld );
            t1 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 ) - t1;
            t2 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 );
            cublasSsymm( side[is], uplo[iu], m, n, alpha, dA, ld, dB, ld, beta, dC2, ld );
            t2 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 ) - t2;
            
            // check results, storing diff between magma and cuda call in C2
            cublasSaxpy( ld*n, c_neg_one, dC1, 1, dC2, 1 );
            magma_sgetmatrix( m, n, dC2, ld, C2, ld );
            error = lapackf77_slange( "F", &m, &n, C2, &ld, work );
            total_error += error;
            gflops = FLOPS_SSYMM( side[is], m, n ) / 1e9;
            printf( "ssymm( %c, %c )     diff %.2g,  Gflop/s %6.2f, %6.2f\n",
                    side[is], uplo[iu], error, gflops/t1, gflops/t2 );
        }}
        printf( "\n" );
        
        // ----- test SSYRK
        // C = alpha*A*A^H + beta*C  (no-trans) with A m*k and C m*m symmetric; or
        // C = alpha*A^H*A + beta*C  (trans)    with A k*m and C m*m symmetric
        // try upper/lower, no-trans/trans
        for( int iu = 0; iu < 2; ++iu ) {
        for( int it = 0; it < 3; ++it ) {
            magma_ssetmatrix( n, k, A, ld, dA,  ld );
            magma_ssetmatrix( n, n, C, ld, dC1, ld );
            magma_ssetmatrix( n, n, C, ld, dC2, ld );
            t1 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 );
            magma_ssyrk( uplo[iu], trans[it], n, k, dalpha, dA, ld, dbeta, dC1, ld );
            t1 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 ) - t1;
            t2 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 );
            cublasSsyrk( uplo[iu], trans[it], n, k, dalpha, dA, ld, dbeta, dC2, ld );
            t2 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 ) - t2;
            
            // check results, storing diff between magma and cuda call in C2
            cublasSaxpy( ld*n, c_neg_one, dC1, 1, dC2, 1 );
            magma_sgetmatrix( n, n, dC2, ld, C2, ld );
            error = lapackf77_slange( "F", &n, &n, C2, &ld, work );
            total_error += error;
            gflops = FLOPS_SSYRK( k, n ) / 1e9;
            printf( "ssyrk( %c, %c )     diff %.2g,  Gflop/s %6.2f, %6.2f\n",
                    uplo[iu], trans[it], error, gflops/t1, gflops/t2 );
        }}
        printf( "\n" );
        
        // ----- test SSYR2K
        // C = alpha*A*B^H + ^alpha*B*A^H + beta*C  (no-trans) with A,B n*k; C n*n symmetric; or
        // C = alpha*A^H*B + ^alpha*B^H*A + beta*C  (trans)    with A,B k*n; C n*n symmetric
        // try upper/lower, no-trans/trans
        for( int iu = 0; iu < 2; ++iu ) {
        for( int it = 0; it < 3; ++it ) {
            bool nt = (trans[it] == 'N');
            magma_ssetmatrix( (nt ? n : k), (nt ? n : k), A, ld, dA,  ld );
            magma_ssetmatrix( n, n, C, ld, dC1, ld );
            magma_ssetmatrix( n, n, C, ld, dC2, ld );
            t1 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 );
            magma_ssyr2k( uplo[iu], trans[it], n, k, alpha, dA, ld, dB, ld, dbeta, dC1, ld );
            t1 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 ) - t1;
            t2 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 );
            cublasSsyr2k( uplo[iu], trans[it], n, k, alpha, dA, ld, dB, ld, dbeta, dC2, ld );
            t2 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 ) - t2;
            
            // check results, storing diff between magma and cuda call in C2
            cublasSaxpy( ld*n, c_neg_one, dC1, 1, dC2, 1 );
            magma_sgetmatrix( n, n, dC2, ld, C2, ld );
            error = lapackf77_slange( "F", &n, &n, C2, &ld, work );
            total_error += error;
            gflops = FLOPS_SSYR2K( k, n ) / 1e9;
            printf( "ssyr2k( %c, %c )    diff %.2g,  Gflop/s %6.2f, %6.2f\n",
                    uplo[iu], trans[it], error, gflops/t1, gflops/t2 );
        }}
        printf( "\n" );
        
        // ----- test STRMM
        // C = alpha*A*C  (left)  with A m*m triangular; C m*n; or
        // C = alpha*C*A  (right) with A n*n triangular; C m*n
        // try left/right, upper/lower, no-trans/trans, unit/non-unit
        for( int is = 0; is < 2; ++is ) {
        for( int iu = 0; iu < 2; ++iu ) {
        for( int it = 0; it < 3; ++it ) {
        for( int id = 0; id < 2; ++id ) {
            bool left = (side[is] == 'L');
            magma_ssetmatrix( (left ? m : n), (left ? m : n), A, ld, dA,  ld );
            magma_ssetmatrix( m, n, C, ld, dC1, ld );
            magma_ssetmatrix( m, n, C, ld, dC2, ld );
            t1 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 );
            magma_strmm( side[is], uplo[iu], trans[it], diag[id], m, n, alpha, dA, ld, dC1, ld );
            t1 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 ) - t1;
            t2 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 );
            cublasStrmm( side[is], uplo[iu], trans[it], diag[id], m, n, alpha, dA, ld, dC2, ld );
            t2 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 ) - t2;
            
            // check results, storing diff between magma and cuda call in C2
            cublasSaxpy( ld*n, c_neg_one, dC1, 1, dC2, 1 );
            magma_sgetmatrix( m, n, dC2, ld, C2, ld );
            error = lapackf77_slange( "F", &n, &n, C2, &ld, work );
            total_error += error;
            gflops = FLOPS_STRMM( side[is], m, n ) / 1e9;
            printf( "strmm( %c, %c )     diff %.2g,  Gflop/s %6.2f, %6.2f\n",
                    uplo[iu], trans[it], error, gflops/t1, gflops/t2 );
        }}}}
        printf( "\n" );
        
        // ----- test STRSM
        // solve A*X = alpha*B  (left)  with A m*m triangular; B m*n; or
        // solve X*A = alpha*B  (right) with A n*n triangular; B m*n
        // try left/right, upper/lower, no-trans/trans, unit/non-unit
        for( int is = 0; is < 2; ++is ) {
        for( int iu = 0; iu < 2; ++iu ) {
        for( int it = 0; it < 3; ++it ) {
        for( int id = 0; id < 2; ++id ) {
            bool left = (side[is] == 'L');
            magma_ssetmatrix( (left ? m : n), (left ? m : n), LU, ld, dA,  ld );
            magma_ssetmatrix( m, n, C, ld, dC1, ld );
            magma_ssetmatrix( m, n, C, ld, dC2, ld );
            t1 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 );
            magma_strsm( side[is], uplo[iu], trans[it], diag[id], m, n, alpha, dA, ld, dC1, ld );
            t1 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 ) - t1;
            t2 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 );
            cublasStrsm( side[is], uplo[iu], trans[it], diag[id], m, n, alpha, dA, ld, dC2, ld );
            t2 = magma_sync_wtime( 0 ) - t2;
            
            // check results, storing diff between magma and cuda call in C2
            cublasSaxpy( ld*n, c_neg_one, dC1, 1, dC2, 1 );
            magma_sgetmatrix( m, n, dC2, ld, C2, ld );
            error = lapackf77_slange( "F", &n, &n, C2, &ld, work );
            total_error += error;
            gflops = FLOPS_STRSM( side[is], m, n ) / 1e9;
            printf( "strsm( %c, %c )     diff %.2g,  Gflop/s %6.2f, %6.2f\n",
                    uplo[iu], trans[it], error, gflops/t1, gflops/t2 );
        }}}}
        printf( "\n" );
        
        // cleanup
        magma_free_cpu( piv );
        magma_free_pinned( A  );
        magma_free_pinned( B  );
        magma_free_pinned( C  );
        magma_free_pinned( C2 );
        magma_free_pinned( LU );
        magma_free( dA  );
        magma_free( dB  );
        magma_free( dC1 );
        magma_free( dC2 );
    }
    
    if ( total_error != 0. ) {
        printf( "total error %.2g -- ought to be 0 -- some test failed (see above).\n",
                total_error );
    }
    else {
        printf( "all tests passed\n" );
    }
    
    TESTING_FINALIZE();
    return 0;
}