Пример #1
0
/** runs GCG from the command line */
static
SCIP_RETCODE fromCommandLine(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   const char*           filename,           /**< input file name */
   const char*           decname             /**< decomposition file name (or NULL) */
   )
{
   SCIP_RESULT result = SCIP_DIDNOTRUN;
   /********************
    * Problem Creation *
    ********************/

   SCIPinfoMessage(scip, NULL, "\nread problem <%s>\n", filename);
   SCIPinfoMessage(scip, NULL, "============\n\n");
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPreadProb(scip, filename, NULL) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPtransformProb(scip) );
   if( decname != NULL )
   {
      SCIPinfoMessage(scip, NULL, "\nread decomposition <%s>\n", decname);
      SCIPinfoMessage(scip, NULL, "==================\n\n");
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPreadProb(scip, decname, NULL) );
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetIntParam(scip, "presolving/maxrounds", 0) );
   }
   else
   {
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPpresolve(scip) );
      SCIP_CALL( DECdetectStructure(scip, &result) );
   }

   /*******************
    * Problem Solving *
    *******************/

   if( decname == NULL && result != SCIP_SUCCESS )
   {
      SCIPinfoMessage(scip, NULL, "No decomposition exists or could be detected. You need to specify one.\n");
      return SCIP_OKAY;
   }
   /* solve problem */
   SCIPinfoMessage(scip, NULL, "\nsolve problem\n");
   SCIPinfoMessage(scip, NULL, "=============\n\n");

   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsolve(scip) );

   SCIPinfoMessage(scip, NULL, "\nprimal solution:\n");
   SCIPinfoMessage(scip, NULL, "================\n\n");
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPprintBestSol(scip, NULL, FALSE) );


   /**************
    * Statistics *
    **************/

   SCIPinfoMessage(scip, NULL, "\nStatistics\n");
   SCIPinfoMessage(scip, NULL, "==========\n\n");

   SCIP_CALL( SCIPprintStatistics(scip, NULL) );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}
Пример #2
0
/** main procedure of the RENS heuristic, creates and solves a subMIP */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPapplyGcgrens(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< original SCIP data structure                                   */
   SCIP_HEUR*            heur,               /**< heuristic data structure                                       */
   SCIP_RESULT*          result,             /**< result data structure                                          */
   SCIP_Real             minfixingrate,      /**< minimum percentage of integer variables that have to be fixed  */
   SCIP_Real             minimprove,         /**< factor by which RENS should at least improve the incumbent     */
   SCIP_Longint          maxnodes,           /**< maximum number of  nodes for the subproblem                    */
   SCIP_Longint          nstallnodes,        /**< number of stalling nodes for the subproblem                    */
   SCIP_Bool             binarybounds,       /**< should general integers get binary bounds [floor(.),ceil(.)]?  */
   SCIP_Bool             uselprows           /**< should subproblem be created out of the rows in the LP rows?   */
   )
{
   SCIP* subscip;                            /* the subproblem created by RENS                  */
   SCIP_HASHMAP* varmapfw;                   /* mapping of SCIP variables to sub-SCIP variables */
   SCIP_VAR** vars;                          /* original problem's variables                    */
   SCIP_VAR** subvars;                       /* subproblem's variables                          */

   SCIP_Real cutoff;                         /* objective cutoff for the subproblem             */
   SCIP_Real timelimit;
   SCIP_Real memorylimit;

   int nvars;
   int i;

   SCIP_Bool success;
   SCIP_RETCODE retcode;

   assert(scip != NULL);
   assert(heur != NULL);
   assert(result != NULL);

   assert(maxnodes >= 0);
   assert(nstallnodes >= 0);

   assert(0.0 <= minfixingrate && minfixingrate <= 1.0);
   assert(0.0 <= minimprove && minimprove <= 1.0);

   SCIP_CALL( SCIPgetVarsData(scip, &vars, &nvars, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) );

   /* initialize the subproblem */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPcreate(&subscip) );

   /* create the variable mapping hash map */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPhashmapCreate(&varmapfw, SCIPblkmem(subscip), SCIPcalcHashtableSize(5 * nvars)) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &subvars, nvars) );

   if( uselprows )
   {
      char probname[SCIP_MAXSTRLEN];

      /* copy all plugins */
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPincludeDefaultPlugins(subscip) );

      /* get name of the original problem and add the string "_gcgrenssub" */
      (void) SCIPsnprintf(probname, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "%s_gcgrenssub", SCIPgetProbName(scip));

      /* create the subproblem */
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPcreateProb(subscip, probname, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) );

      /* copy all variables */
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPcopyVars(scip, subscip, varmapfw, NULL, TRUE) );
   }
   else
   {
      SCIP_Bool valid;
      SCIP_HEURDATA* heurdata;

      valid = FALSE;

      SCIP_CALL( SCIPcopy(scip, subscip, varmapfw, NULL, "gcgrens", TRUE, FALSE, TRUE, &valid) ); /** @todo check for thread safeness */

      /* get heuristic's data */
      heurdata = SCIPheurGetData(heur);
      assert( heurdata != NULL );

      if( heurdata->copycuts )
      {
         /** copies all active cuts from cutpool of sourcescip to linear constraints in targetscip */
         SCIP_CALL( SCIPcopyCuts(scip, subscip, varmapfw, NULL, TRUE, NULL) );
      }

      SCIPdebugMessage("Copying the SCIP instance was %s complete.\n", valid ? "" : "not ");
   }

   for( i = 0; i < nvars; i++ )
     subvars[i] = (SCIP_VAR*) SCIPhashmapGetImage(varmapfw, vars[i]);

   /* free hash map */
   SCIPhashmapFree(&varmapfw);

   /* create a new problem, which fixes variables with same value in bestsol and LP relaxation */
   SCIP_CALL( createSubproblem(scip, subscip, subvars, minfixingrate, binarybounds, uselprows, &success) );
   SCIPdebugMessage("RENS subproblem: %d vars, %d cons, success=%u\n", SCIPgetNVars(subscip), SCIPgetNConss(subscip), success);

   /* do not abort subproblem on CTRL-C */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetBoolParam(subscip, "misc/catchctrlc", FALSE) );

   /* disable output to console */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetIntParam(subscip, "display/verblevel", 0) );

   /* check whether there is enough time and memory left */
   timelimit = 0.0;
   memorylimit = 0.0;
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPgetRealParam(scip, "limits/time", &timelimit) );
   if( !SCIPisInfinity(scip, timelimit) )
      timelimit -= SCIPgetSolvingTime(scip);
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPgetRealParam(scip, "limits/memory", &memorylimit) );
   if( !SCIPisInfinity(scip, memorylimit) )
      memorylimit -= SCIPgetMemUsed(scip)/1048576.0;
   if( timelimit <= 0.0 || memorylimit <= 0.0 )
      goto TERMINATE;

   /* set limits for the subproblem */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetLongintParam(subscip, "limits/stallnodes", nstallnodes) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetLongintParam(subscip, "limits/nodes", maxnodes) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetRealParam(subscip, "limits/time", timelimit) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetRealParam(subscip, "limits/memory", memorylimit) );

   /* forbid recursive call of heuristics and separators solving sub-SCIPs */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetSubscipsOff(subscip, TRUE) );

   /* disable cutting plane separation */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetSeparating(subscip, SCIP_PARAMSETTING_OFF, TRUE) );

   /* disable expensive presolving */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetPresolving(subscip, SCIP_PARAMSETTING_FAST, TRUE) );

   /* use best estimate node selection */
   if( SCIPfindNodesel(scip, "estimate") != NULL )
   {
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetIntParam(subscip, "nodeselection/estimate/stdpriority", INT_MAX/4) );
   }

   /* use inference branching */
   if( SCIPfindBranchrule(scip, "inference") != NULL )
   {
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetIntParam(subscip, "branching/inference/priority", INT_MAX/4) );
   }

   /* disable conflict analysis */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetBoolParam(subscip, "conflict/useprop", FALSE) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetBoolParam(subscip, "conflict/useinflp", FALSE) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetBoolParam(subscip, "conflict/useboundlp", FALSE) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetBoolParam(subscip, "conflict/usesb", FALSE) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetBoolParam(subscip, "conflict/usepseudo", FALSE) );


#ifdef SCIP_DEBUG
   /* for debugging RENS, enable MIP output */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetIntParam(subscip, "display/verblevel", 5) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetIntParam(subscip, "display/freq", 100000000) );
#endif


   /* if the subproblem could not be created, free memory and return */
   if( !success )
   {
      *result = SCIP_DIDNOTRUN;
      SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &subvars);
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPfree(&subscip) );
      return SCIP_OKAY;
   }

   /* if there is already a solution, add an objective cutoff */
   if( SCIPgetNSols(scip) > 0 )
   {
      SCIP_Real upperbound;
      assert( !SCIPisInfinity(scip,SCIPgetUpperbound(scip)) );

      upperbound = SCIPgetUpperbound(scip) - SCIPsumepsilon(scip);

      if( !SCIPisInfinity(scip,-1.0*SCIPgetLowerbound(scip)) )
      {
         cutoff = (1-minimprove)*SCIPgetUpperbound(scip) + minimprove*SCIPgetLowerbound(scip);
      }
      else
      {
         if( SCIPgetUpperbound ( scip ) >= 0 )
            cutoff = ( 1 - minimprove ) * SCIPgetUpperbound ( scip );
         else
            cutoff = ( 1 + minimprove ) * SCIPgetUpperbound ( scip );
      }
      cutoff = MIN(upperbound, cutoff);
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetObjlimit(subscip, cutoff) );
   }

   /* presolve the subproblem */
   retcode = SCIPpresolve(subscip);

   /* Errors in solving the subproblem should not kill the overall solving process
    * Hence, the return code is caught and a warning is printed, only in debug mode, SCIP will stop.
    */
   if( retcode != SCIP_OKAY )
   {
#ifndef NDEBUG
      SCIP_CALL( retcode );
#endif
      SCIPwarningMessage(scip, "Error while presolving subproblem in GCG RENS heuristic; sub-SCIP terminated with code <%d>\n",retcode);
   }

   SCIPdebugMessage("GCG RENS presolved subproblem: %d vars, %d cons, success=%u\n", SCIPgetNVars(subscip), SCIPgetNConss(subscip), success);

   /* after presolving, we should have at least reached a certain fixing rate over ALL variables (including continuous)
    * to ensure that not only the MIP but also the LP relaxation is easy enough
    */
   if( ( nvars - SCIPgetNVars(subscip) ) / (SCIP_Real)nvars >= minfixingrate / 2.0 )
   {
      SCIP_SOL** subsols;
      int nsubsols;

      /* solve the subproblem */
      SCIPdebugMessage("solving subproblem: nstallnodes=%"SCIP_LONGINT_FORMAT", maxnodes=%"SCIP_LONGINT_FORMAT"\n", nstallnodes, maxnodes);
      retcode = SCIPsolve(subscip);

      /* Errors in solving the subproblem should not kill the overall solving process
       * Hence, the return code is caught and a warning is printed, only in debug mode, SCIP will stop.
       */
      if( retcode != SCIP_OKAY )
      {
#ifndef NDEBUG
         SCIP_CALL( retcode );
#endif
         SCIPwarningMessage(scip, "Error while solving subproblem in GCG RENS heuristic; sub-SCIP terminated with code <%d>\n",retcode);
      }

      /* check, whether a solution was found;
       * due to numerics, it might happen that not all solutions are feasible -> try all solutions until one was accepted
       */
      nsubsols = SCIPgetNSols(subscip);
      subsols = SCIPgetSols(subscip);
      success = FALSE;
      for( i = 0; i < nsubsols && !success; ++i )
      {
         SCIP_CALL( createNewSol(scip, subscip, subvars, heur, subsols[i], &success) );
      }
      if( success )
         *result = SCIP_FOUNDSOL;
   }

 TERMINATE:
   /* free subproblem */
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &subvars);
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPfree(&subscip) );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}
/** LP solution separation method of separator */
static
SCIP_DECL_SEPAEXECLP(sepaExeclpRapidlearning)
{/*lint --e{715}*/
   SCIP* subscip;                            /* the subproblem created by rapid learning       */
   SCIP_SEPADATA* sepadata;                  /* separator's private data                       */

   SCIP_VAR** vars;                          /* original problem's variables                   */
   SCIP_VAR** subvars;                       /* subproblem's variables                         */
   SCIP_HASHMAP* varmapfw;                   /* mapping of SCIP variables to sub-SCIP variables */    
   SCIP_HASHMAP* varmapbw;                   /* mapping of sub-SCIP variables to SCIP variables */

   SCIP_CONSHDLR** conshdlrs;                /* array of constraint handler's that might that might obtain conflicts */
   int* oldnconss;                           /* number of constraints without rapid learning conflicts               */

   SCIP_Longint nodelimit;                   /* node limit for the subproblem                  */
   SCIP_Real timelimit;                      /* time limit for the subproblem                  */
   SCIP_Real memorylimit;                    /* memory limit for the subproblem                */

   int nconshdlrs;                           /* size of conshdlr and oldnconss array                      */
   int nfixedvars;                           /* number of variables that could be fixed by rapid learning */
   int nvars;                                /* number of variables                                       */           
   int restartnum;                           /* maximal number of conflicts that should be created        */
   int i;                                    /* counter                                                   */

   SCIP_Bool success;                        /* was problem creation / copying constraint successful? */
   SCIP_RETCODE retcode;                     /* used for catching sub-SCIP errors in debug mode */

   int nconflicts;                          /* statistic: number of conflicts applied         */
   int nbdchgs;                             /* statistic: number of bound changes applied     */
   int n1startinfers;                       /* statistic: number of one side infer values     */
   int n2startinfers;                       /* statistic: number of both side infer values    */

   SCIP_Bool soladded;                      /* statistic: was a new incumbent found?          */
   SCIP_Bool dualboundchg;                  /* statistic: was a new dual bound found?         */
   SCIP_Bool disabledualreductions;         /* TRUE, if dual reductions in sub-SCIP are not valid for original SCIP,
                                             * e.g., because a constraint could not be copied or a primal solution
                                             * could not be copied back 
                                             */

   int ndiscvars;

   soladded = FALSE;

   assert(sepa != NULL);
   assert(scip != NULL);
   assert(result != NULL);

   *result = SCIP_DIDNOTRUN;
   
   ndiscvars = SCIPgetNBinVars(scip) + SCIPgetNIntVars(scip)+SCIPgetNImplVars(scip);

   /* only run when still not fixed binary variables exists */
   if( ndiscvars == 0 )
      return SCIP_OKAY;

   /* get separator's data */
   sepadata = SCIPsepaGetData(sepa);
   assert(sepadata != NULL);

   /* only run for integer programs */
   if( !sepadata->contvars && ndiscvars != SCIPgetNVars(scip) )
      return SCIP_OKAY;

   /* only run if there are few enough continuous variables */
   if( sepadata->contvars && SCIPgetNContVars(scip) > sepadata->contvarsquot * SCIPgetNVars(scip) )
      return SCIP_OKAY;

   /* do not run if pricers are present */
   if( SCIPgetNActivePricers(scip) > 0 )
      return SCIP_OKAY;

   /* if the separator should be exclusive to the root node, this prevents multiple calls due to restarts */
   if(  SCIPsepaGetFreq(sepa) == 0 && SCIPsepaGetNCalls(sepa) > 0)
      return SCIP_OKAY;

   /* call separator at most once per node */
   if( SCIPsepaGetNCallsAtNode(sepa) > 0 )
      return SCIP_OKAY;

   /* do not call rapid learning, if the problem is too big */
   if( SCIPgetNVars(scip) > sepadata->maxnvars || SCIPgetNConss(scip) > sepadata->maxnconss )
      return SCIP_OKAY; 

   if( SCIPisStopped(scip) )
      return SCIP_OKAY;

   *result = SCIP_DIDNOTFIND;
   
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPgetVarsData(scip, &vars, &nvars, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) );

   /* initializing the subproblem */  
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &subvars, nvars) ); 
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPcreate(&subscip) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPhashmapCreate(&varmapfw, SCIPblkmem(subscip), SCIPcalcHashtableSize(5 * nvars)) );
   success = FALSE;

   /* copy the subproblem */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPcopy(scip, subscip, varmapfw, NULL, "rapid", FALSE, FALSE, &success) );
   
   if( sepadata->copycuts )
   {
      /** copies all active cuts from cutpool of sourcescip to linear constraints in targetscip */
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPcopyCuts(scip, subscip, varmapfw, NULL, FALSE) );
   }

   for( i = 0; i < nvars; i++ )
      subvars[i] = (SCIP_VAR*) (size_t) SCIPhashmapGetImage(varmapfw, vars[i]);
   
   SCIPhashmapFree(&varmapfw);
   
   /* this avoids dual presolving */
   if( !success )
   {
      for( i = 0; i < nvars; i++ )
      {     
         SCIP_CALL( SCIPaddVarLocks(subscip, subvars[i], 1, 1 ) );
      }
   }

   SCIPdebugMessage("Copying SCIP was%s successful.\n", success ? "" : " not");
   
   /* mimic an FD solver: DFS, no LP solving, 1-FUIP instead of all-FUIP */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetIntParam(subscip, "lp/solvefreq", -1) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetIntParam(subscip, "conflict/fuiplevels", 1) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetIntParam(subscip, "nodeselection/dfs/stdpriority", INT_MAX/4) ); 
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetBoolParam(subscip, "constraints/disableenfops", TRUE) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetIntParam(subscip, "propagating/pseudoobj/freq", -1) );

   /* use inference branching */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetBoolParam(subscip, "branching/inference/useweightedsum", FALSE) );

   /* only create short conflicts */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetRealParam(subscip, "conflict/maxvarsfac", 0.05) );
  
   /* set limits for the subproblem */
   nodelimit = SCIPgetNLPIterations(scip);
   nodelimit = MAX(sepadata->minnodes, nodelimit);
   nodelimit = MIN(sepadata->maxnodes, nodelimit);

   restartnum = 1000;
   
   /* check whether there is enough time and memory left */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPgetRealParam(scip, "limits/time", &timelimit) );
   if( !SCIPisInfinity(scip, timelimit) )
      timelimit -= SCIPgetSolvingTime(scip);
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPgetRealParam(scip, "limits/memory", &memorylimit) );
   if( !SCIPisInfinity(scip, memorylimit) )   
      memorylimit -= SCIPgetMemUsed(scip)/1048576.0;
   if( timelimit <= 0.0 || memorylimit <= 0.0 )
      goto TERMINATE;

   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetLongintParam(subscip, "limits/nodes", nodelimit/5) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetRealParam(subscip, "limits/time", timelimit) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetRealParam(subscip, "limits/memory", memorylimit) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetIntParam(subscip, "limits/restarts", 0) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetIntParam(subscip, "conflict/restartnum", restartnum) );

   /* forbid recursive call of heuristics and separators solving subMIPs */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetSubscipsOff(subscip, TRUE) );

   /* disable cutting plane separation */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetSeparating(subscip, SCIP_PARAMSETTING_OFF, TRUE) );

   /* disable expensive presolving */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetPresolving(subscip, SCIP_PARAMSETTING_FAST, TRUE) );

   /* do not abort subproblem on CTRL-C */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetBoolParam(subscip, "misc/catchctrlc", FALSE) );

#ifndef SCIP_DEBUG
   /* disable output to console */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetIntParam(subscip, "display/verblevel", 0) );
#endif

   /* add an objective cutoff */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetObjlimit(subscip, SCIPgetUpperbound(scip)) );

   /* create the variable mapping hash map */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPhashmapCreate(&varmapbw, SCIPblkmem(scip), SCIPcalcHashtableSize(5 * nvars)) );

   /* store reversing mapping of variables */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPtransformProb(subscip) );
   for( i = 0; i < nvars; ++i)
   {  
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPhashmapInsert(varmapbw, SCIPvarGetTransVar(subvars[i]), vars[i]) );
   }

   /** allocate memory for constraints storage. Each constraint that will be created from now on will be a conflict.
    *  Therefore, we need to remember oldnconss to get the conflicts from the FD search. 
    */
   nconshdlrs = 4;
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &conshdlrs, nconshdlrs) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &oldnconss, nconshdlrs) );

   /* store number of constraints before rapid learning search */
   conshdlrs[0] = SCIPfindConshdlr(subscip, "bounddisjunction");
   conshdlrs[1] = SCIPfindConshdlr(subscip, "setppc");
   conshdlrs[2] = SCIPfindConshdlr(subscip, "linear");
   conshdlrs[3] = SCIPfindConshdlr(subscip, "logicor");

   /* redundant constraints might be eliminated in presolving */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPpresolve(subscip));

   for( i = 0; i < nconshdlrs; ++i)
   {
      if( conshdlrs[i] != NULL )
         oldnconss[i] = SCIPconshdlrGetNConss(conshdlrs[i]);
   }

   nfixedvars = SCIPgetNFixedVars(scip);
   
   /* solve the subproblem */
   retcode = SCIPsolve(subscip);
   
   /* Errors in solving the subproblem should not kill the overall solving process 
    * Hence, the return code is caught and a warning is printed, only in debug mode, SCIP will stop.
    */
   if( retcode != SCIP_OKAY )
   { 
#ifndef NDEBUG
      SCIP_CALL( retcode );     
#endif
      SCIPwarningMessage("Error while solving subproblem in rapid learning separator; sub-SCIP terminated with code <%d>\n",retcode);
   }
 
   /* abort solving, if limit of applied conflicts is reached */
   if( SCIPgetNConflictConssApplied(subscip) >= restartnum )
   {
      SCIPdebugMessage("finish after %lld successful conflict calls.\n", SCIPgetNConflictConssApplied(subscip)); 
   }
   /* if the first 20% of the solution process were successful, proceed */
   else if( (sepadata->applyprimalsol && SCIPgetNSols(subscip) > 0 && SCIPisFeasLT(scip, SCIPgetUpperbound(subscip), SCIPgetUpperbound(scip) ) )
      || (sepadata->applybdchgs && SCIPgetNFixedVars(subscip) > nfixedvars)
      || (sepadata->applyconflicts && SCIPgetNConflictConssApplied(subscip) > 0) ) 
   {
      SCIPdebugMessage("proceed solving after the first 20%% of the solution process, since:\n");

      if( SCIPgetNSols(subscip) > 0 && SCIPisFeasLE(scip, SCIPgetUpperbound(subscip), SCIPgetUpperbound(scip) ) )
      {
         SCIPdebugMessage("   - there was a better solution (%f < %f)\n",SCIPgetUpperbound(subscip), SCIPgetUpperbound(scip));
      }
      if( SCIPgetNFixedVars(subscip) > nfixedvars )
      {
         SCIPdebugMessage("   - there were %d variables fixed\n", SCIPgetNFixedVars(scip)-nfixedvars );
      }
      if( SCIPgetNConflictConssFound(subscip) > 0 )
      {
         SCIPdebugMessage("   - there were %lld conflict constraints created\n", SCIPgetNConflictConssApplied(subscip));
      }

      /* set node limit to 100% */
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetLongintParam(subscip, "limits/nodes", nodelimit) );

      /* solve the subproblem */
      retcode = SCIPsolve(subscip);
   
      /* Errors in solving the subproblem should not kill the overall solving process 
       * Hence, the return code is caught and a warning is printed, only in debug mode, SCIP will stop.
       */
      if( retcode != SCIP_OKAY )
      { 
#ifndef NDEBUG
         SCIP_CALL( retcode );     
#endif
         SCIPwarningMessage("Error while solving subproblem in rapid learning separator; sub-SCIP terminated with code <%d>\n",retcode);
      }
   }
   else
   {
      SCIPdebugMessage("do not proceed solving after the first 20%% of the solution process.\n");
   }

#ifdef SCIP_DEBUG
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPprintStatistics(subscip, NULL) );
#endif

   disabledualreductions = FALSE;

   /* check, whether a solution was found */
   if( sepadata->applyprimalsol && SCIPgetNSols(subscip) > 0 && SCIPfindHeur(scip, "trysol") != NULL )
   {
      SCIP_HEUR* heurtrysol;
      SCIP_SOL** subsols;
      int nsubsols;

      /* check, whether a solution was found;
       * due to numerics, it might happen that not all solutions are feasible -> try all solutions until was declared to be feasible 
       */
      nsubsols = SCIPgetNSols(subscip);
      subsols = SCIPgetSols(subscip);
      soladded = FALSE;
      heurtrysol = SCIPfindHeur(scip, "trysol");

      /* sequentially add solutions to trysol heuristic */
      for( i = 0; i < nsubsols && !soladded; ++i )
      {
         SCIPdebugMessage("Try to create new solution by copying subscip solution.\n");
         SCIP_CALL( createNewSol(scip, subscip, subvars, heurtrysol, subsols[i], &soladded) );
      }
      if( !soladded || !SCIPisEQ(scip, SCIPgetSolOrigObj(subscip, subsols[i-1]), SCIPgetSolOrigObj(subscip, subsols[0])) )
         disabledualreductions = TRUE;
   }

   /* if the sub problem was solved completely, we update the dual bound */
   dualboundchg = FALSE;
   if( sepadata->applysolved && !disabledualreductions 
      && (SCIPgetStatus(subscip) == SCIP_STATUS_OPTIMAL || SCIPgetStatus(subscip) == SCIP_STATUS_INFEASIBLE) )
   {
      /* we need to multiply the dualbound with the scaling factor and add the offset, 
       * because this information has been disregarded in the sub-SCIP */
      SCIPdebugMessage("Update old dualbound %g to new dualbound %g.\n", SCIPgetDualbound(scip), SCIPgetTransObjscale(scip) * SCIPgetDualbound(subscip) + SCIPgetTransObjoffset(scip));

      SCIP_CALL( SCIPupdateLocalDualbound(scip, SCIPgetDualbound(subscip) * SCIPgetTransObjscale(scip) + SCIPgetTransObjoffset(scip)) );
      dualboundchg = TRUE;
   }

   /* check, whether conflicts were created */
   nconflicts = 0;
   if( sepadata->applyconflicts && !disabledualreductions && SCIPgetNConflictConssApplied(subscip) > 0 )
   {
      SCIP_HASHMAP* consmap;
      int hashtablesize;

      assert(SCIPgetNConflictConssApplied(subscip) < (SCIP_Longint) INT_MAX);
      hashtablesize = (int) SCIPgetNConflictConssApplied(subscip);
      assert(hashtablesize < INT_MAX/5);
      hashtablesize *= 5;

      /* create the variable mapping hash map */
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPhashmapCreate(&consmap, SCIPblkmem(scip), SCIPcalcHashtableSize(hashtablesize)) );

      /* loop over all constraint handlers that might contain conflict constraints */
      for( i = 0; i < nconshdlrs; ++i)
      {
         /* copy constraints that have been created in FD run */
         if( conshdlrs[i] != NULL && SCIPconshdlrGetNConss(conshdlrs[i]) > oldnconss[i] )
         {
            SCIP_CONS** conss;
            int c;
            int nconss;
            
            nconss = SCIPconshdlrGetNConss(conshdlrs[i]);
            conss = SCIPconshdlrGetConss(conshdlrs[i]);

            /* loop over all constraints that have been added in sub-SCIP run, these are the conflicts */            
            for( c = oldnconss[i]; c < nconss; ++c)
            {
               SCIP_CONS* cons;
               SCIP_CONS* conscopy;
               
               cons = conss[c];
               assert(cons != NULL);        

               success = FALSE;

               SCIP_CALL( SCIPgetConsCopy(subscip, scip, cons, &conscopy, conshdlrs[i], varmapbw, consmap, NULL,
                     SCIPconsIsInitial(cons), SCIPconsIsSeparated(cons), SCIPconsIsEnforced(cons), SCIPconsIsChecked(cons),
                     SCIPconsIsPropagated(cons), TRUE, FALSE, SCIPconsIsDynamic(cons), 
                     SCIPconsIsRemovable(cons), FALSE, TRUE, &success) );

               if( success )
               {
                  nconflicts++;
                  SCIP_CALL( SCIPaddCons(scip, conscopy) );
                  SCIP_CALL( SCIPreleaseCons(scip, &conscopy) );
               }
               else
               {
                  SCIPdebugMessage("failed to copy conflict constraint %s back to original SCIP\n", SCIPconsGetName(cons));
               }
            }
         }
      }   
      SCIPhashmapFree(&consmap);
   }

   /* check, whether tighter global bounds were detected */
   nbdchgs = 0;
   if( sepadata->applybdchgs && !disabledualreductions )
      for( i = 0; i < nvars; ++i )
      {
         SCIP_Bool infeasible;
         SCIP_Bool tightened;
         
         assert(SCIPisLE(scip, SCIPvarGetLbGlobal(vars[i]), SCIPvarGetLbGlobal(subvars[i]))); 
         assert(SCIPisLE(scip, SCIPvarGetLbGlobal(subvars[i]), SCIPvarGetUbGlobal(subvars[i])));
         assert(SCIPisLE(scip, SCIPvarGetUbGlobal(subvars[i]), SCIPvarGetUbGlobal(vars[i])));  
         
         /* update the bounds of the original SCIP, if a better bound was proven in the sub-SCIP */
         SCIP_CALL( SCIPtightenVarUb(scip, vars[i], SCIPvarGetUbGlobal(subvars[i]), FALSE, &infeasible, &tightened) );
         if( tightened ) 
            nbdchgs++;
         
         SCIP_CALL( SCIPtightenVarLb(scip, vars[i], SCIPvarGetLbGlobal(subvars[i]), FALSE, &infeasible, &tightened) );
         if( tightened )
            nbdchgs++;   
      }

   n1startinfers = 0;
   n2startinfers = 0;

   /* install start values for inference branching */
   if( sepadata->applyinfervals && (!sepadata->reducedinfer || soladded || nbdchgs+nconflicts > 0) )
   {
      for( i = 0; i < nvars; ++i )
      {
         SCIP_Real downinfer;
         SCIP_Real upinfer;
         SCIP_Real downvsids;
         SCIP_Real upvsids;
         SCIP_Real downconflen;
         SCIP_Real upconflen;
        
         /* copy downwards branching statistics */
         downvsids = SCIPgetVarVSIDS(subscip, subvars[i], SCIP_BRANCHDIR_DOWNWARDS);            
         downconflen = SCIPgetVarAvgConflictlength(subscip, subvars[i], SCIP_BRANCHDIR_DOWNWARDS);
         downinfer = SCIPgetVarAvgInferences(subscip, subvars[i], SCIP_BRANCHDIR_DOWNWARDS);            
         
         /* copy upwards branching statistics */
         upvsids = SCIPgetVarVSIDS(subscip, subvars[i], SCIP_BRANCHDIR_UPWARDS);                     
         upconflen = SCIPgetVarAvgConflictlength(subscip, subvars[i], SCIP_BRANCHDIR_UPWARDS);
         upinfer = SCIPgetVarAvgInferences(subscip, subvars[i], SCIP_BRANCHDIR_UPWARDS);            
        
         /* memorize statistics */
         if( downinfer+downconflen+downvsids > 0.0 || upinfer+upconflen+upvsids != 0 )
            n1startinfers++;
         
         if( downinfer+downconflen+downvsids > 0.0 && upinfer+upconflen+upvsids != 0 )
            n2startinfers++;
         
         SCIP_CALL( SCIPinitVarBranchStats(scip, vars[i], 0.0, 0.0, downvsids, upvsids, downconflen, upconflen, downinfer, upinfer, 0.0, 0.0) );
      }   
   }
   
   SCIPdebugPrintf("XXX Rapidlearning added %d conflicts, changed %d bounds, %s primal solution, %s dual bound improvement.\n", nconflicts, nbdchgs, soladded ? "found" : "no", 
      dualboundchg ? "found" : "no");

   SCIPdebugPrintf("YYY Infervalues initialized on one side: %5.2f %% of variables, %5.2f %% on both sides\n", 
      100.0 * n1startinfers/(SCIP_Real)nvars, 100.0 * n2startinfers/(SCIP_Real)nvars);

   /* change result pointer */
   if( nconflicts > 0 || dualboundchg )
      *result = SCIP_CONSADDED;
   else if( nbdchgs > 0 )
      *result = SCIP_REDUCEDDOM;
  
   /* free local data */
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &oldnconss);
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &conshdlrs);

   SCIPhashmapFree(&varmapbw);

 TERMINATE:
   /* free subproblem */
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &subvars);
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPfree(&subscip) );
  
   return SCIP_OKAY;
}