int main() {
boost::tuple<char, int, char, int> decim('-', 10, 'e', 5);
assert(stringize(decim) == "-10e5");
std::pair<short, std::string> value_and_type(270, "Kelvin");
assert(stringize(value_and_type) == "270Kelvin");
}
float vtt_sim( void )
{
int i, j, time, r_arm;
double p, q, sound, sound_decim;
/*** compute da and dx with a new area function, and Ud=d(A*x)/dt ***/
dax();
/*** Simulate deci (=simfrq/smpfrq) cycles with interpolation of a and x ***/
for(time=0; time<deci; time++)
{
/*** refresh area function by a linear interpolation ***/
afglt[0].A = nonzero_t(afglt[0].A + dafglt[0].A); /* glottis */
if(vocal_tract == TIME_VARYING) refresh_af();
/*** time-varying acoustic elements ***/
acous_elements_t(GLOTTIS, nglt0, afglt, acglt);
if(vocal_tract == TIME_VARYING) refresh_acoustic_elements();
/*** Bernoulli (kinetic) resistance at glottis and at constriction ***/
/* compute a DC flow considering flow resistances at the 2 constrictions */
Rg_v = acglt[0].Rs + acglt[1].Rs;
Ag2 = 1./(afglt[0].A*afglt[0].A);
Ac2 = 1./(Ac.A*Ac.A);
Rc_v = 2.*K_viscous_const*Ac.x*Ac2;
rv_sum = Rg_v + Rc_v;
rk_sum = K_Bernoulli*(Ag2 + Ac2);
Udc = (-rv_sum + sqrt(rv_sum*rv_sum + 4.*rk_sum*H2O_bar*Psub))
/(2.*rk_sum);
Rg_k = K_Bernoulli*Udc*Ag2;
Rc_k = K_Bernoulli*Udc*Ac2;
acglt[1].Rs += Rg_k; /* add Bernoulli res. to glottis */
if(Ac.Loc == PHARYNX) ac[Ac.N+1].Rs = Rc_v + Rc_k;
if(Ac.Loc == MOUTH) acbu[Ac.N+1].Rs = Rc_v + Rc_k;
/* Noise sources at the exit of glottis and at the constriction */
if(noise_source == ON)
{
if(Ac.Loc == PHARYNX)
{ j = Ac.N+noiseSourceLoc+1; /* at n sections downstream */
if(j > nvt0)j = Ac.N + 1; /* at the exit */
ac[j].Ns = noiseAmp
*frictionNoise3(1, inMemAc, outMemAc, &lowMemAc)
*(Udc*Udc*Udc/pow(Ac.A, 2.5));
}
if(Ac.Loc == MOUTH)
{ j = Ac.N+noiseSourceLoc+1; /* at n sections downstream */
if(j > nbu0)j = Ac.N + 1; /* at the exit */
acbu[j].Ns = noiseAmp
*frictionNoise3(1, inMemAc, outMemAc, &lowMemAc)
*(Udc*Udc*Udc/pow(Ac.A, 2.5));
}
/* -10dB = 0.315, -16dB = 0.158, -20dB = 0.1 */
acglt[1].Ns = 0.1*noiseAmp
*frictionNoise3(1, inMemGlt, outMemGlt, &lowMemGlt)
*(Udc*Udc*Udc/pow(afglt[0].A, 2.5));
}
/*** w : matrix elements ***/
/* vocal tract : {trachea} + glottis + pharynx + {mouth} */
r_arm = 1;
if(subGLTsystem == ON)
{ eq_elements_t(TRACHEA, &r_arm, ntr, actr, eq);
eq[1].w += Rlungs;
}
eq_elements_t(GLOTTIS, &r_arm, nglt0, acglt, eq);
if(subGLTsystem == OFF) eq[1].w += Rlungs;
eq_elements_t(VOCAL_TRACT, &r_arm, nvt0, ac, eq);
if(nasal_tract == ON)
{
/* bucal and nasal tract */
r_arm = 1;
eq_elements_t(VOCAL_TRACT, &r_arm, nbu0, acbu, eqbu);
r_arm = 1;
eq_elements_t(NOSE, &r_arm, nnc, acnc, eqnt);
eq_elements_t(NOSE, &r_arm, nna0, acna, eqnt);
}
/*** Refresh force constants ***/
U1_wall = 0; /* initialization for total wall "flow" */
/* vocal tract : {trachea} + glottis + pharynx + {mouth} */
r_arm = 1;
if(subGLTsystem == ON)
force_constants(TRACHEA, &r_arm, ntr, actr, eq);
force_constants(GLOTTIS, &r_arm, nglt0, acglt, eq);
force_constants(VOCAL_TRACT, &r_arm, nvt0, ac, eq);
if(nasal_tract == OFF && rad_boundary == RL_CIRCUIT )
{ iLrad_lip = 2.0*Lrad_lip*eq[n4].x + iLrad_lip;
eq[n4].s = -iLrad_lip; /* rad. admitance */
}
if( nasal_tract == ON )
{ r_arm = 1;
force_constants(VOCAL_TRACT, &r_arm, nbu0, acbu, eqbu);
if( rad_boundary == RL_CIRCUIT )
{ iLrad_lip = 2.0*Lrad_lip*eqbu[nbu4].x + iLrad_lip;
eqbu[nbu4].s = -iLrad_lip; /* rad. admitance */
}
r_arm = 1;
force_constants(NOSE, &r_arm, nnc, acnc, eqnt);
force_constants(NOSE, &r_arm, nna0, acna, eqnt);
if( rad_boundary == RL_CIRCUIT )
{ iLrad_nos = 2.0*Lrad_nos*eqnt[nnt4].x + iLrad_nos;
eqnt[nnt4].s = -iLrad_nos; /* rad. admitance */
}
}
/*** solve s = Wx ***/
if(nasal_tract == OFF)
{ forward_elimination_t(n4, eq);
eq[n4].x = eq[n4].S/eq[n4].W;
backward_substitution_t(n3, eq);
}
else
{ forward_elimination_t(n3, eq);
backward_elimination_t(nbu4, eqbu);
backward_elimination_t(nnt4, eqnt);
p = eq[n3].S/eq[n3].W-eqbu[1].S/eqbu[1].W-eqnt[1].S/eqnt[1].W;
q = eq[n2].W/eq[n3].W+eqbu[2].W/eqbu[1].W+eqnt[2].W/eqnt[1].W;
eq[n4].x = eqbu[0].x = eqnt[0].x = p/q;
backward_substitution_t(n3, eq);
forward_substitution_t(nbu4, eqbu);
forward_substitution_t(nnt4, eqnt);
}
/* decimation of the radiated sound */
U0_lip = U1_lip;
if(nasal_tract == OFF) U1_lip = -eq[n3].x;
else U1_lip = -eqbu[nbu3].x;
sound = U1_lip - U0_lip;
if(wall_radiation == ON)
{ sound += (U1_wall - U0_wall); /* radiation from walls */
U0_wall = U1_wall;
}
if(nasal_tract == ON)
{ U0_nos = U1_nos; /* add radiation from nose */
U1_nos = -eqnt[nnt3].x;
sound += (U1_nos - U0_nos);
}
if( time == deci - 1 ) sound_decim = decim( 1, Kr*sound );
else decim( 0, Kr*sound );
}
/* sample Ug and Uac at fixed points, 1st and nAcc-th section */
j = 1;
if(subGLTsystem==ON) j += ntr;
j = 2*j + 1;
Ug = eq[j].x;
if(nasal_tract==OFF)
{ j = nAcc + 1;
if(subGLTsystem==ON) j += ntr;
j = 2*j + 1;
Uac = eq[j].x;
}
else
{ if(nAcc <= nbp)
{ j = nAcc + 1;
if(subGLTsystem==ON) j+=ntr;
j = 2*j + 1;
Uac = eq[j].x;
}
else
{ j = 2*nAcc + 1;
Uac = eqbu[j].x;
}
}
return(sound_decim);
}
float vtt_sim( void )
{
int j;
float f, g, h, p, q, sound, sound_decim;
/*** compute da and dx with a new area function, and Ud=d(A*x)/dt ***/
if( vocal_tract == TIME_VARYING)
{ dax();
if( dynamic_term == ON ) Ud();
}
/*** Simulate deci (=simfrq/smpfrq) cycles with interpolation of a and x ***/
for(j=0; j<deci; j++)
{
/*** solve s = Wx ***/
if( nasal_tract == ON )
{ elimination_t(1, nph3, eqph);
elimination_t(0, nbu3, eqbu);
elimination_t(0, nna3, eqna);
f = eqph[nph3].S/eqph[nph3].W;
g = eqbu[nbu3].S/eqbu[nbu3].W;
h = eqna[nna3].S/eqna[nna3].W;
p = f + g + h;
f = eqph[nph2].W/eqph[nph3].W;
g = eqbu[nbu2].W/eqbu[nbu3].W;
h = eqna[nna2].W/eqna[nna3].W;
q = f + g + h;
eqph[nph4].x = eqbu[nbu4].x = eqna[nna4].x = p/q;
substitution_t(1, nph3, eqph);
substitution_t(0, nbu3, eqbu);
substitution_t(0, nna3, eqna);
}
else
{ elimination_t(1, nph3, eqph);
elimination_t(0, nbu3, eqbu);
f = eqph[nph3].S/eqph[nph3].W;
g = eqbu[nbu3].S/eqbu[nbu3].W;
p = f + g;
f = eqph[nph2].W/eqph[nph3].W;
g = eqbu[nbu2].W/eqbu[nbu3].W;
q = f + g;
eqph[nph4].x = eqbu[nbu4].x = p/q;
substitution_t(1, nph3, eqph);
substitution_t(0, nbu3, eqbu);
}
/*** Refresh acoustic and matrix elements ***/
if( vocal_tract == TIME_VARYING )
{
/* pharyngeal tract */
acou_mtrx( nph, afph, dph, acph, eqph, 0., 0.);
/* bucal cavity */
acou_mtrx( nbu, afbu, dbu, acbu, eqbu, 0., 0.);
if( rad_boundary == RL_CIRCUIT )
{
Grad_lips = Grad*afbu[0].A;
Lrad_lips = (float)(Srad*sqrt(afbu[0].A));
eqbu[0].w = Grad_lips + Lrad_lips;
}
else
eqbu[0].w = 10.0; /* short circuit */
/* nasal inlet */
acou_mtrx(1, afnc, dnc, acna+nna-1, eqna+2*(nna-1), Rs_na, Ls_na);
}
/* add the glottal resistance (it alwalys time_varying) */
Ag = nonzero_t( Ag );
eqph[1].w = (float)(acph[0].Rs + acph[0].Ls
+ (Rv*xg/Ag + Rk*fabs(eqph[1].x))/(Ag*Ag));
/*** Refresh force constants ***/
force_constants(nph, acph, eqph);
eqph[1].s = acph[0].els + H2O_bar*Psub; /* right arm */
if( rad_boundary == RL_CIRCUIT )
irad_lips = (float)(2.0*Lrad_lips*eqbu[0].x + irad_lips);
force_constants(nbu, acbu, eqbu);
eqbu[0].s = -irad_lips; /* rad. admitance */
eqbu[1].s = acbu[0].els; /* right arm */
U0_lips = U1_lips;
U1_lips = -eqbu[1].x;
sound = U1_lips - U0_lips;
if( nasal_tract == ON )
{
if( rad_boundary == RL_CIRCUIT )
irad_nose = (float)(2.0*Lrad_nose*eqna[0].x + irad_nose);
force_constants(nna, acna, eqna);
eqna[0].s = -irad_nose; /* rad. admitance */
eqna[1].s = acna[0].els; /* right arm */
U0_nose = U1_nose;
U1_nose = -eqna[1].x;
sound = sound + U1_nose - U0_nose;
}
/*** decimation of the radiated sound ***/
if( j == deci - 1 ) sound_decim = decim( 1, Kr*sound );
else decim( 0, Kr*sound );
}
/*** return the radiated sound pressure ***/
return( sound_decim );
}
