void gen_VARIABLE ( node_t *root, int scopedepth )
{
int stackOffset = root->entry->stack_offset;
instruction_add(LOAD, r1, fp, 0, stackOffset);
instruction_add(PUSH, r1, NULL, 0, 0);
}
void gen_CONSTANT (node_t * root, int scopedepth)
{
switch (root->data_type.base_type) {
case INT_TYPE:
{
char temp[10];
int32_t t = (int32_t)root->int_const;
sprintf(temp, "#%d", t);
instruction_add(MOVE32, STRDUP(temp), r1, 0, 0);
}
break;
case STRING_TYPE:
{
char temp[20];
int32_t t = (int32_t)root->string_index;
sprintf(temp, "#.STRING%d", t);
instruction_add(MOVE32, STRDUP(temp), r1, 0, 0);
}
break;
case BOOL_TYPE:
{
char temp[2];
int32_t t = (root->bool_const) ? 1 : 0;
sprintf(temp, "#%d", t);
instruction_add(MOVE, r1, STRDUP(temp), 0, 0);
}
break;
}
instruction_add(PUSH, r1, NULL, 0, 0);
}
void gen_DECLARATION_STATEMENT (node_t *root, int scopedepth)
{
if (root->entry->stack_offset < 0) {
instruction_add(MOVE, r1, "#0", 0, 0);
instruction_add(PUSH, r1, NULL, 0, 0);
}
}
void gen_ASSIGNMENT_STATEMENT ( node_t *root, int scopedepth )
{
tracePrint ( "Starting ASSIGNMENT_STATEMENT\n");
//Generating the code for the expression part of the assignment. The result is
//placed on the top of the stack
root->children[1]->generate(root->children[1], scopedepth);
// Left hand side may be a class field, which should be handled in this assignment
if(root->children[0]->expression_type.index == CLASS_FIELD_E){
// Fetching address value from child 1, pushing to top of stack:
root->children[0]->children[0]->generate(root->children[0]->children[0], scopedepth);
// Now popping THIS (a.k.a. the objects address value) from stack into r2:
instruction_add(POP, r2, NULL, 0,0);
// Now popping result from expression into r1:
instruction_add(POP, r1, NULL, 0,0);
// Now storing to the address on the heap, based on address from child 1 and offset from child 2:
instruction_add(STORE, r1, r2, 0, root->children[0]->children[1]->entry->stack_offset);
}
// or a variable, handled in previous assignment
else{
ga(root,scopedepth);
}
tracePrint ( "End ASSIGNMENT_STATEMENT\n");
}
void gen_PROGRAM ( node_t *root, int scopedepth)
{
/* Output the data segment */
if( outputStage == 12 )
strings_output ( stderr );
instruction_add ( STRING, STRDUP( ".text" ), NULL, 0, 0 );
tracePrint("Starting PROGRAM\n");
gen_default(root, scopedepth);//RECUR();
TEXT_DEBUG_FUNC_ARM();
TEXT_HEAD_ARM();
/* Call the first defined function */
int last_child = root->n_children - 1;
if (root->children[last_child] != NULL) {
char *func_label = root->children[last_child]->children[0]->function_entry->label;
instruction_add( CALL, STRDUP(func_label), NULL, 0, 0);
}
tracePrint("End PROGRAM\n");
TEXT_TAIL_ARM();
if( outputStage == 12 )
instructions_print ( stderr );
instructions_finalize ();
}
void gen_RETURN_STATEMENT ( node_t *root, int scopedepth )
{
root->children[0]->generate(root->children[0], scopedepth);
instruction_add(POP, r0, NULL, 0, 0);
// Return back to caller
instruction_add(MOVE, sp, fp, 0, 0);
instruction_add(POP, fp, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(POP, "pc", NULL, 0, 0);
}
void gen_IF_STATEMENT ( node_t *root, int scopedepth )
{
char end_label[15];
sprintf(end_label, "_endif_%d", if_count);
char else_label[15];
sprintf(else_label, "_else_%d", if_count);
if_count++;
root->children[0]->generate(root->children[0], scopedepth);
instruction_add(POP, r1, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(MOVE, r2, STRDUP("#0"), 0, 0);
instruction_add(CMP, r1, r2, 0, 0);
if (root->n_children == 3) {
instruction_add(JUMPEQ, STRDUP(else_label), NULL, 0, 0);
root->children[1]->generate(root->children[1], scopedepth);
instruction_add(JUMP, STRDUP(end_label), NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(LABEL, STRDUP(else_label+1), NULL, 0, 0);
root->children[2]->generate(root->children[2], scopedepth);
} else {
instruction_add(JUMPEQ, STRDUP(end_label), NULL, 0, 0);
root->children[1]->generate(root->children[1], scopedepth);
}
instruction_add(LABEL, STRDUP(end_label+1), NULL, 0, 0);
}
void gen_PROGRAM ( node_t *root, int scopedepth)
{
/* Output the data segment */
if( outputStage == 12 )
strings_output ( stderr );
instruction_add ( STRING, STRDUP( ".text" ), NULL, 0, 0 );
tracePrint("Starting PROGRAM\n");
gen_default(root, scopedepth);//RECUR();
TEXT_DEBUG_FUNC_ARM();
TEXT_HEAD_ARM();
gp(root,scopedepth);
tracePrint("End PROGRAM\n");
TEXT_TAIL_ARM();
if( outputStage == 12 )
instructions_print ( stderr );
instructions_finalize ();
}
void gen_FUNCTION ( node_t *root, int scopedepth )
{
// Generating label. This may need to be changed to handle labels for methods
function_symbol_t* entry = root->function_entry;
int len = strlen(entry->label);
if (currentClass != NULL) {
len += strlen(currentClass);
}
char *temp = (char*) malloc(sizeof(char) * (len + 4));
temp[0] = 0;
strcat(temp, "_");
if (currentClass != NULL) {
strcat(temp, currentClass);
strcat(temp, "_");
}
strcat(temp, entry->label);
strcat(temp, ":");
instruction_add(STRING, STRDUP(temp), NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(PUSH, lr, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(PUSH, fp, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(MOVE, fp, sp, 0, 0);
gen_default(root, scopedepth);
// In case we haven't already returned
instruction_add(MOVE, sp, fp, 0, 0);
instruction_add(POP, fp, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(POP, "pc", NULL, 0, 0);
}
void gen_ASSIGNMENT_STATEMENT ( node_t *root, int scopedepth )
{
tracePrint ( "Starting ASSIGNMENT_STATEMENT\n");
//Generating the code for the expression part of the assignment. The result is
//placed on the top of the stack
root->children[1]->generate(root->children[1], scopedepth);
// Left hand side may be a class field, which should be handled in this assignment
if(root->children[0]->expression_type.index == CLASS_FIELD_E){
root->children[0]->children[0]->generate(root->children[0]->children[0], scopedepth);
instruction_add(POP, r2, NULL, 0, 0);
char stack_offset[10];
sprintf(stack_offset, "#%d", root->children[0]->entry->stack_offset);
instruction_add(MOVE, r1, STRDUP(stack_offset), 0, 0);
instruction_add3(ADD, r0, r1, r2);
instruction_add(POP, r1, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(STORE, r1, r0, 0, 0);
}
// or a variable, handled in previous assignment
else{
instruction_add(POP, r0, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(STORE, r0, fp, 0, root->children[0]->entry->stack_offset);
}
tracePrint ( "End ASSIGNMENT_STATEMENT\n");
}
void gen_WHILE_STATEMENT ( node_t *root, int scopedepth )
{
while_count ++;
char while_string[100];
snprintf(while_string, 100, "while%d", while_count); //Max 99 digits
char while_label[100];
snprintf(while_label, 100, "_while%d", while_count); //Max 99 digits
char while_end_string[100];
snprintf(while_end_string, 100, "while_end%d", while_count); //Max 99 digits
char while_end_label[100];
snprintf(while_end_label, 100, "_while_end%d", while_count); //Max 99 digits
instruction_add(LABEL, STRDUP(while_string), NULL, 0, 0);
// Evaluate expression
if( root->children[0] != NULL )
root->children[0]->generate ( root->children[0], scopedepth );
// Compare to zero
instruction_add(POP, r0, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(CMP, r0, "#0", 0, 0);
// Jump is 0
instruction_add(JUMPZERO, STRDUP(while_end_label), NULL, 0, 0 );
// body
if( root->children[1] != NULL )
root->children[1]->generate ( root->children[1], scopedepth );
// Jump to start of loop
instruction_add(JUMP, STRDUP(while_label), NULL, 0, 0);
/*
*/
instruction_add(LABEL, STRDUP(while_end_string), NULL, 0, 0);
}
/*
* Smart wrapper for "printf".
* Makes a comment in the assembly to guide.
* Also prints a copy to the debug stream if needed.
*/
void tracePrint( const char * string, ... )
{
va_list args;
char buff[1000];
char buff2[1000];
//
va_start (args, string);
vsprintf(buff, string, args);
va_end (args);
sprintf(buff2, "%d %s", nodeCounter++, buff);
if( outputStage == 10 )
fprintf(stderr, "%s", buff2);
instruction_add ( COMMMENT, STRDUP( buff2 ), NULL, 0, 0 );
}
void gen_FUNCTION ( node_t *root, int scopedepth )
{
function_symbol_t* entry = root->function_entry;
int len = strlen(entry->label);
char *temp = (char*) malloc(sizeof(char) * (len + 3));
temp[0] = 0;
strcat(temp, "_");
if(currentClass != NULL) {
strcat(temp, currentClass);
strcat(temp, "_");
}
strcat(temp, entry->label);
strcat(temp, ":");
instruction_add(STRING, STRDUP(temp), NULL, 0, 0);
gf(root,scopedepth);
}
void gen_IF_STATEMENT ( node_t *root, int scopedepth )
{
tracePrint("Starting IF_STATEMENT\n");
if_count++;
int our_count = if_count;
// Expand If-expression
node_t *cond = root->children[0];
cond->generate(cond, scopedepth);
char tmp_if_end[20];
char tmp_if_else[20];
sprintf(tmp_if_end, "_if_end_%d", if_count);
sprintf(tmp_if_else, "_if_else_%d", if_count);
// Test truth value
instruction_add(POP, r1, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(CMP, r1, "#0", 0, 0);
node_t *statement_if = root->children[1];
if (root->n_children == 2) { // If-end statement
// If code
instruction_add(JUMPZERO, STRDUP(tmp_if_end), NULL, 0, 0);
statement_if->generate(statement_if, scopedepth);
} else { // If-else-end statement
// If code
instruction_add(JUMPZERO, STRDUP(tmp_if_else), NULL, 0, 0);
statement_if->generate(statement_if, scopedepth);
instruction_add(JUMP, STRDUP(tmp_if_end), NULL, 0, 0);
// Else code
instruction_add(LABEL, STRDUP(tmp_if_else + 1), NULL, 0, 0);
node_t *statement_else = root->children[2];
statement_else->generate(statement_else, scopedepth);
}
// End label
instruction_add(LABEL, STRDUP(tmp_if_end + 1), NULL, 0, 0);
tracePrint("End IF_STATEMENT\n");
}
void gen_FUNCTION ( node_t *root, int scopedepth )
{
// Generating label. This may need to be changed to handle labels for methods
function_symbol_t* entry = root->function_entry;
int len = strlen(entry->label);
char *temp = (char*) malloc(sizeof(char) * (len + 3));
temp[0] = 0;
//New code for handling labels for classes:
if (currentClass!=NULL){
strcat(temp, "_");
strcat(temp, currentClass);
}
strcat(temp, "_");
strcat(temp, entry->label);
strcat(temp, ":");
instruction_add(STRING, STRDUP(temp), NULL, 0, 0);
gf(root,scopedepth);
free(temp);
}
void gen_WHILE_STATEMENT ( node_t *root, int scopedepth )
{
char start_label[20];
sprintf(start_label, "_while_%d", while_count);
char end_label[20];
sprintf(end_label, "_endwhile_%d", while_count);
while_count++;
instruction_add(LABEL, STRDUP(start_label+1), NULL, 0, 0);
root->children[0]->generate(root->children[0], scopedepth);
instruction_add(POP, r1, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(MOVE, r2, STRDUP("#0"), 0, 0);
instruction_add(CMP, r1, r2, 0, 0);
instruction_add(JUMPEQ, STRDUP(end_label), NULL, 0, 0);
root->children[1]->generate(root->children[1], scopedepth);
instruction_add(JUMP, STRDUP(start_label), NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(LABEL, STRDUP(end_label+1), NULL, 0, 0);
}
void gen_IF_STATEMENT ( node_t *root, int scopedepth )
{
if_count ++;
char else_string[100];
snprintf(else_string, 100, "else%d", if_count); //Max 99 digits
char else_label[100];
snprintf(else_label, 100, "_else%d", if_count); //Max 99 digits
char end_string[100];
snprintf(end_string, 100, "if_end%d", if_count); //Max 99 digits
char end_label[100];
snprintf(end_label, 100, "_if_end%d", if_count); //Max 99 digits
bool have_else = root->n_children==3;
// Evaluate the expression (this will place the value of the expression in r0)
if( root->children[0] != NULL )
root->children[0]->generate ( root->children[0], scopedepth );
// Compare it to zero
instruction_add(POP, r0, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(CMP, r0, "#0", 0, 0);
// Jump to label if zero
if(have_else) {
instruction_add(JUMPZERO, STRDUP(else_label), NULL, 0, 0 );
} else {
instruction_add(JUMPZERO, STRDUP(end_label), NULL, 0, 0 );
}
// Run the code from the body
if( root->children[1] != NULL )
root->children[1]->generate ( root->children[1], scopedepth );
if(have_else) {
instruction_add(LABEL, STRDUP(else_string), NULL, 0, 0);
if( root->children[2] != NULL )
root->children[2]->generate ( root->children[2], scopedepth );
}
instruction_add(LABEL, STRDUP(end_string), NULL, 0, 0);
}
void gen_WHILE_STATEMENT ( node_t *root, int scopedepth )
{
tracePrint("Starting WHILE_STATEMENT\n");
while_count++;
int our_count = while_count;
char tmp_while_start[20];
char tmp_while_end[20];
sprintf(tmp_while_start, "_while_start_%d", our_count);
sprintf(tmp_while_end, "_while_end_%d", our_count);
// Set start label
instruction_add(LABEL, STRDUP(tmp_while_start + 1), NULL, 0, 0);
// Expand while-expression
node_t *cond = root->children[0];
cond->generate(cond, scopedepth);
// Test truth value, jump to end if zero
instruction_add(POP, r1, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(CMP, r1, "#0", 0, 0);
instruction_add(JUMPZERO, STRDUP(tmp_while_end), NULL, 0, 0);
// Execute while-loop statement body
node_t *while_body = root->children[1];
while_body->generate(while_body, scopedepth);
// Return to top of while loop)
instruction_add(JUMP, STRDUP(tmp_while_start), NULL, 0, 0);
// Set end label
instruction_add(LABEL, STRDUP(tmp_while_end + 1), NULL, 0 ,0);
tracePrint("End WHILE_STATEMENT\n");
}
void generate ( FILE *stream, node_t *root )
{
int length = 0;
int elegant_solution;
if ( root == NULL )
return;
switch ( root->type.index )
{
case PROGRAM:
/* Output the data segment */
strings_output ( stream );
instruction_add ( STRING, STRDUP( ".text" ), NULL, 0, 0 );
RECUR();
TEXT_HEAD();
instruction_add(CALL, root->children[0]->children[0]->children[0]->entry->label, NULL, 0, 0);
TEXT_TAIL();
instructions_print ( stream );
instructions_finalize ();
break;
case FUNCTION:
/*
* Function definitions:
* Set up/take down activation record for the function, return value
*/
//Entering new scope, 'depth' is the depth of the current scope
depth++;
int len = strlen(root->children[0]->entry->label);
//Generating the string needed for the label instruction
func_name = (char*) malloc(sizeof(char)*len);
strncpy(func_name, root->children[0]->entry->label, len);
char *temp = (char*) malloc(sizeof(char) * (len + 3));
temp[0] = '_';
for(int c = 0; c < len; c++){
temp[c+1] = root->children[0]->entry->label[c];
}
temp[len + 1] = ':';
temp[len + 2] = 0;
//Generate the label for the function, and the code to update the base ptr
instruction_add(STRING, temp, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(PUSH, ebp, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(MOVE, esp, ebp, 0,0);
//Generating code for the functions body
//The body is the last child, the other children are the name of the function
//the arguments etc
generate(stream, root->children[root->n_children - 1]);
//Generating code to restore the base ptr, and to return
instruction_add(LEAVE, NULL, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(RET, NULL, NULL, 0,0);
free(func_name);
//Leaving the scope, decreasing depth
depth--;
break;
case BLOCK:
/*
* Blocks:
* Set up/take down activation record, no return value
*/
//Entering new scope
depth++;
//Setting up the new activation record
instruction_add(PUSH, ebp, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(MOVE, esp, ebp, 0,0);
//Generating code for the body of the block
RECUR();
//Restoring the old activation record
instruction_add(LEAVE, NULL, NULL, 0,0);
//Leaving scope
depth--;
break;
case DECLARATION:
/*
* Declarations:
* Add space on local stack
*/
//The declarations first child is a VARIABLE_LIST, the number of children
//of the VARIABLE_LIST is the number of variables declared. A 0 is pushed on
//the stack for each
for(uint32_t c = 0; c < root->children[0]->n_children; c++){
instruction_add(PUSH, STRDUP("$0"), NULL, 0,0);
}
break;
case PRINT_LIST:
/*
* Print lists:
* Emit the list of print items, followed by newline (0x0A)
*/
//Generate code for all the PRINT_ITEMs
RECUR();
//Print a newline, push the newline, call 'putchar', and pop the argument
//(overwriting the value returned from putchar...)
instruction_add(PUSH, STRDUP("$0x0A"), NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(SYSCALL, STRDUP("putchar"), NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(POP, eax, NULL, 0,0);
break;
case PRINT_ITEM:
/*
* Items in print lists:
* Determine what kind of value (string literal or expression)
* and set up a suitable call to printf
*/
//Checking type of value, (of the child of the PRINT_ITEM,
//which is what is going to be printed
if(root->children[0]->type.index == TEXT){
//String, need to push '$.STRINGx' where x is the number of the string
//The number can be found in the nodes data field, and must be transformed
//to a string, and concatenated with the '$.STRING' part
int32_t t = *((int32_t*)root->children[0]->data);
char int_part[3]; //can have more than 999 strings...
sprintf(int_part, "%d", t);
char str_part[9] = "$.STRING";
strcat(str_part, int_part);
//Generating the instructions, pushing the argument of printf
//(the string), calling printf, and removing the argument from
//the stack (overwriting the returnvalue from printf)
instruction_add(PUSH, STRDUP(str_part), NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(SYSCALL, STRDUP("printf"), NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(POP, eax,NULL,0,0);
}
else{
//If the PRINT_ITEMs child isn't a string, it's an expression
//The expression is evaluated, and its result, which is an integer
//is printed
//Evaluating the expression, the result is placed at the top of the stack
RECUR();
//Pushing the .INTEGER constant, which will be the second argument to printf,
//and cause the first argument, which is the result of the expression, and is
//allready on the stack to be printed as an integer
instruction_add(PUSH, STRDUP("$.INTEGER"), NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(SYSCALL, STRDUP("printf"), NULL,0,0);
//Poping both the arguments to printf
instruction_add(POP, eax, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(POP, eax, NULL, 0,0);
}
break;
case EXPRESSION:
/*
* Expressions:
* Handle any nested expressions first, then deal with the
* top of the stack according to the kind of expression
* (single variables/integers handled in separate switch/cases)
*/
switch (root->n_children){
case 1:
//One child, and some data, this is the -exp expression
if(root->data != NULL){
//Computing the exp part of -exp, the result is placed on the top of the stack
RECUR();
//Negating the exp by computing 0 - exp
instruction_add(POP, ebx, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(MOVE, STRDUP("$0"), eax, 0,0);
instruction_add(SUB, ebx, eax, 0,0);
//Pushing the result on the stack
instruction_add(PUSH, eax, NULL, 0,0);
}
else{
//One child, and no data, this is variables
//They are handeled later
RECUR();
}
break;
case 2:
//Two children and no data, a function (call, not defenition)
if(*(char*)(root->data) == 'F'){
//Generate the code for the second child, the arguments, this will place them on the stack
generate(stream, root->children[1]);
//The call instruction
instruction_add(CALL, STRDUP(root->children[0]->entry->label), NULL, 0,0);
//Removing the arguments, changing the stack pointer directly, rather than poping
//since the arguments aren't needed
if(root->children[1] != NULL){
for(int c = 0; c < root->children[1]->n_children; c++){
instruction_add(ADD, STRDUP("$4"), esp, 0,0);
}
}
//Pushing the returnvalue from the function on the stack
instruction_add(PUSH, eax, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
}
//Two children and data, this is the arithmetic expressions
//The two children are evaluated first, which places their values
//at the top of the stack. More precisely, the result of the second
//subexpression will be placed at the top of the stack, the result of
//the first on the position below it
RECUR();
if(strlen((char*)root->data) == 1){
switch (*(char*)root->data){
// Addition and subtraction is handeled equally
// The arguments are placed in the eax and ebx registers
// they are added/subtracted, and the result is pushed on the stack
case '+':
instruction_add(POP, eax, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(POP, ebx, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(ADD, ebx, eax, 0,0);
instruction_add(PUSH, eax, NULL, 0,0);
break;
case '-':
instruction_add(POP, ebx, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(POP, eax, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(SUB, ebx, eax, 0,0);
instruction_add(PUSH, eax, NULL, 0,0);
break;
//With multiplication/division it's also necessary to sign extend the
//arguments, using the CLTD instruction, the MUL/DIV instructions only need
//one argument, the other one is eax
case '*':
instruction_add(POP, eax, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(POP, ebx, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(CLTD, NULL, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(MUL, ebx, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(PUSH, eax, NULL, 0,0);
break;
case '/':
instruction_add(POP, ebx, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(POP, eax, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(CLTD, NULL, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(DIV, ebx, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(PUSH, eax, NULL, 0,0);
break;
case '>':
instruction_add(POP, ebx, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(POP, eax, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(CMP, ebx, eax, 0,0);
instruction_add(SETG, al, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(CBW, NULL, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(CWDE, NULL, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(PUSH, eax, NULL, 0,0);
break;
case '<':
instruction_add(POP, ebx, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(POP, eax, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(CMP, ebx, eax, 0,0);
instruction_add(SETL, al, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(CBW, NULL, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(CWDE, NULL, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(PUSH, eax, NULL, 0,0);
break;
}
}
else{
switch (*(char*)root->data){
case '>':
instruction_add(POP, ebx, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(POP, eax, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(CMP, ebx, eax, 0,0);
instruction_add(SETGE, al, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(CBW, NULL, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(CWDE, NULL, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(PUSH, eax, NULL, 0,0);
break;
case '<':
instruction_add(POP, ebx, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(POP, eax, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(CMP, ebx, eax, 0,0);
instruction_add(SETLE, al, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(CBW, NULL, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(CWDE, NULL, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(PUSH, eax, NULL, 0,0);
break;
case '=':
instruction_add(POP, ebx, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(POP, eax, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(CMP, ebx, eax, 0,0);
instruction_add(SETE, al, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(CBW, NULL, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(CWDE, NULL, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(PUSH, eax, NULL, 0,0);
break;
case '!':
instruction_add(POP, ebx, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(POP, eax, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(CMP, ebx, eax, 0,0);
instruction_add(SETNE, al, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(CBW, NULL, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(CWDE, NULL, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(PUSH, eax, NULL, 0,0);
break;
}
}
}
break;
case VARIABLE:
/*
* Occurrences of variables: (declarations have their own case)
* - Find the variable's stack offset
* - If var is not local, unwind the stack to its correct base
*/
//Finding the scope of the variable. If the difference is 0, it is
//defined in this scope, if it is 1, the previous one and so on
depth_difference = depth - root->entry->depth;
//The offset of the variable is relative to its ebp. The current ebp is saved
//on the stack, and the needed one retrived
instruction_add(PUSH, ebp, NULL, 0,0);
//The ebp points to the previous ebp, which points to the ebp before it and so on.
//The ideal instruction to use would be 'movl (%ebp) %ebp', but that can't be done
//with this framework. Rather than changing the framework, the following hack is used:
//
//The constant 4 and the contents of ebp is added and placed in eax, then the
//the value pointed to by eax with an offset of -4, that is -4(%eax), is placed in ebp
//since eax is ebp + 4, -4(%eax) is really (%ebp)
for(int c = 0; c < depth_difference; c++){
instruction_add(MOVE, STRDUP("$4"), eax, 0,0);
instruction_add(ADD, ebp, eax, 0,0);
instruction_add(MOVE, eax, ebp, -4,0);
}
//The offset of the vaiable (from its ebp)
int32_t offset = root->entry->stack_offset;
//The value of the variable is placed in eax, the right ebp is used, because of
//the system above
instruction_add(MOVE, ebp, eax, offset, 0);
//The current ebp is restored
instruction_add(POP, ebp, NULL, 0,0);
//The value of the variable is placed on the stack (since it's a kind of expression)
instruction_add(PUSH, eax, NULL, 0,0);
break;
case INTEGER:
/*
* Integers: constants which can just be put on stack
*/
//We can't have a label followed by a declaration, so this is needed...
elegant_solution = 0;
//The value of the integer is fetched and converted to a string
char temp1[10]; //ints are 4 bytes, so this is enough
int32_t t = *((int32_t*)root->data);
sprintf(temp1, "%d", t);
char temp2[11] = "$";
strcat(temp2, temp1);
//The value is pushed on the stack
instruction_add(PUSH, STRDUP(temp2), NULL, 0,0);
break;
case ASSIGNMENT_STATEMENT:
/*
* Assignments:
* Right hand side is an expression, find left hand side on stack
* (unwinding if necessary)
*/
//Generating the code for the expression part of the assingment. The result is
//placed on the top of the stack
generate(stream, root->children[1]);
//Using same scheme as above
depth_difference = depth - root->children[0]->entry->depth;
instruction_add(PUSH, ebp, NULL, 0,0);
for(int c = 0; c < depth_difference; c++){
instruction_add(MOVE, STRDUP("$4"), eax, 0,0);
instruction_add(ADD, ebp, eax, 0,0);
instruction_add(MOVE, eax, ebp, -4,0);
}
int32_t offset_2 = root->children[0]->entry->stack_offset;
//Putting the current ebp in ebx
instruction_add(POP, ebx, NULL, 0,0);
//Putting the result of the expression in eax
instruction_add(POP, eax, NULL, 0,0);
//Putting the result of the expression in the variable (ebp is the ebp of the variable)
instruction_add(MOVE, eax, ebp, 0, offset_2);
//Restoring the current ebp
instruction_add(MOVE, ebx, ebp, 0, 0);
break;
case RETURN_STATEMENT:
/*
* Return statements:
* Evaluate the expression and put it in EAX
*/
RECUR();
instruction_add(POP, eax, NULL, 0,0);
for ( int u=0; u<depth-1; u++ ){
instruction_add ( LEAVE, NULL, NULL, 0, 0 );
}
instruction_add ( RET, eax, NULL, 0, 0 );
break;
case WHILE_STATEMENT: {
//Increment the number of while loops.
n_while++;
//Create the start label for the while-loop.
len = strlen(func_name);
char start_label[100];
snprintf(start_label, 100, "%s%s", func_name, "_while_");
snprintf(start_label, 100, "%s%d", start_label, n_while);
//Start label with added "_" for the jump.
char jump_start_label[100];
snprintf(jump_start_label, 100, "_%s", start_label);
//End label
char end_label[100];
snprintf(end_label, 100, "%s%s", start_label, "_end");
//End label with added "_" for the jump.
char jump_end_label[100];
snprintf(jump_end_label, 100, "_%s", end_label);
instruction_add(LABEL, STRDUP(start_label), NULL, 0, 0);
//Evaluate the expression
generate(stream, root->children[0]);
//Pop the result to eax
instruction_add(POP, eax, NULL, 0, 0);
//Compare and jump to end_label if eax equals zero.
instruction_add(CMP, STRDUP("$0"), eax, 0, 0);
instruction_add(JUMPEQ, STRDUP(jump_end_label), NULL, 0, 0);
//Generate the statement instructions.
generate(stream, root->children[1]);
//Jump to start label
instruction_add(JUMP, STRDUP(jump_start_label), NULL, 0, 0);
//Add end label.
instruction_add(LABEL, STRDUP(end_label), NULL, 0, 0);
}
break;
case FOR_STATEMENT: {
//Increment the number of the for loop.
n_for++;
/** LABELS **/
//Create the start label for the for loop.
len = strlen(func_name);
char start_label[100];
snprintf(start_label, 100, "%s%s", func_name, "_for_");
snprintf(start_label, 100, "%s%d", STRDUP(start_label), n_for);
//Create the jump label with "_" in front.
char jump_start_label[100];
snprintf(jump_start_label, 100, "_%s", start_label);
//Create the end label if the condition is false.
char end_label[100];
snprintf(end_label, 100, "%s%s", start_label, "_end");
//Create the jump end label, adding "_" in fron of end label.
char jump_end_label[100];
snprintf(jump_end_label, 100, "_%s", end_label);
/** SET COUNTER TO START VALUE **/
generate(stream, root->children[0]);
/** START LABEL **/
instruction_add(LABEL, STRDUP(start_label), NULL, 0, 0);
//The nodes that represent the counter and the end value expression, respectively.
node_t *counter = root->children[0]->children[0];
node_t *endValue = root->children[1];
/** Test if counter >= endValue. If so, jump to end **/
generate(stream, counter);
generate(stream, endValue);
instruction_add(POP, ebx, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(POP, eax, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(CMP, ebx, eax, 0,0);
instruction_add(SETGE, al, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(CBW, NULL, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(CWDE, NULL, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(CMP, STRDUP("$1"), eax, 0, 0);
instruction_add(JUMPEQ, STRDUP(jump_end_label), NULL, 0, 0);
//Loop-body
generate(stream, root->children[2]);
/**Increment counter **/
depth_difference = depth - counter->entry->depth;
instruction_add(PUSH, ebp, NULL, 0,0);
for(int c = 0; c < depth_difference; c++){
instruction_add(MOVE, STRDUP("$4"), eax, 0,0);
instruction_add(ADD, ebp, eax, 0,0);
instruction_add(MOVE, eax, ebp, -4,0);
}
int32_t offset_2 = counter->entry->stack_offset;
//Putting the current ebp in ebx
instruction_add(POP, ebx, NULL, 0,0);
//Putting the result of the expression in the variable (ebp is the ebp of the variable)
instruction_add(ADD, STRDUP("$1"), ebp, 0, offset_2);
//Restoring the current ebp
instruction_add(MOVE, ebx, ebp, 0, 0);
/** Jump to begining **/
instruction_add(JUMP, STRDUP(jump_start_label), NULL, 0, 0);
//Add end label.
instruction_add(LABEL, STRDUP(end_label), NULL, 0, 0);
}
break;
case IF_STATEMENT: {
n_if = n_if+1;
len = strlen(func_name);
//Label for the end of the if statement.
char end_label[100];
snprintf(end_label, 100, "%s%s%d", func_name, "_endOfIf_", n_if);
//Need to add "_" when jumping to label.
char jump_end_label[100];
snprintf(jump_end_label, 100, "_%s", end_label);
if (root->n_children == 2) {
//Evaluate expression and pop result to eax and check if zero.
generate(stream, root->children[0]);
instruction_add(POP, eax, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(CMP, STRDUP("$0"), eax, 0, 0);
//Jump to end if expression is zero.
instruction_add(JUMPEQ, STRDUP(jump_end_label), NULL, 0, 0);
//Generate the statement
generate(stream, root->children[1]);
//Add end label.
}
else {
//Else label
char else_label[100];
snprintf(else_label, 100, "%s%s%d", func_name, "_else_", n_if);
//Evaluate expression and pop it to eax. Jmp if zero.
generate(stream, root->children[0]);
instruction_add(POP, eax, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(CMP, STRDUP("$0"), eax, 0, 0);
//Need to add "_" before the label when jumping
char jump_else_label[100];
snprintf(jump_else_label, 100, "_%s", else_label);
instruction_add(JUMPEQ, STRDUP(jump_else_label), NULL, 0, 0);
//Execute the "true statement".
generate(stream, root->children[1]);
//Jump to end of the if-statement.
instruction_add(JUMP, STRDUP(jump_end_label), NULL, 0, 0);
//Add the else label.
instruction_add(LABEL, STRDUP(else_label), NULL, 0, 0);
//Execute the else statement.
generate(stream, root->children[2]);
}
instruction_add(LABEL, STRDUP(end_label), NULL, 0, 0);
}
break;
case NULL_STATEMENT:
RECUR();
break;
default:
/* Everything else can just continue through the tree */
RECUR();
break;
}
}
void generate ( FILE *stream, node_t *root )
{
//Check if we've reached a return statement earlier. If we have we shall not procede.
if (reachedReturnStatement == 1) return;
int var_offset;
int var_depth;
int diff;
const int BUFFER_LENGTH = 100;
char buffer[BUFFER_LENGTH];
int elegant_solution;
if ( root == NULL )
return;
switch ( root->type.index )
{
case PROGRAM:
/* Output the data segment */
strings_output ( stream );
instruction_add ( STRING, STRDUP( ".text" ), NULL, 0, 0 );
RECUR();
TEXT_HEAD();
/* TODO: Insert a call to the first defined function here */
instruction_add(CALL, STRDUP((char*)root->children[0]->children[0]->children[0]->data), NULL, 0, 0);
TEXT_TAIL();
instructions_print ( stream );
instructions_finalize ();
break;
case FUNCTION:
/*
* Function definitions:
* Set up/take down activation record for the function, return value
*/
instruction_add(LABEL, STRDUP((char*)root->children[0]->entry->label), NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(PUSH, ebp, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(MOVE, esp, ebp, 0, 0);
depth++;
generate(stream, root->children[2]);
depth--;
//We're done with this function, have to reset the reachedReturnStatement value to 0.
reachedReturnStatement = 0;
instruction_add(LEAVE, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(RET, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
case BLOCK:
/*
* Blocks:
* Set up/take down activation record, no return value
*/
instruction_add(PUSH, ebp, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(MOVE, esp, ebp, 0, 0);
depth++;
RECUR();
depth--;
instruction_add(MOVE, ebp, esp, 0, 0);
instruction_add(POP, ebp, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
case DECLARATION:
/*
* Declarations:
* Add space on local stack
*/
//Moves the stack pointer down 4 bytes for each variable that is to be declared.
snprintf(buffer, BUFFER_LENGTH, "$%d", (root->children[0]->n_children)*4);
instruction_add(SUB, STRDUP(buffer), esp, 0, 0);
break;
case PRINT_LIST:
/*
* Print lists:
* Emit the list of print items, followed by newline (0x0A)
*/
//Continues down the tree to the print_items.
RECUR();
//Add new line.
instruction_add(PUSH, STRDUP("$0x0A"), NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(SYSCALL, STRDUP("putchar"), NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(ADD, STRDUP("$4"), esp, 0, 0);
break;
case PRINT_ITEM:
/*
* Items in print lists:
* Determine what kind of value (string literal or expression)
* and set up a suitable call to printf
*/
//Set up a suitable call for strings to printf.
if (root->children[0]->type.index == TEXT) {
snprintf(buffer, BUFFER_LENGTH, "$.STRING%d", *((int*)root->children[0]->data));
instruction_add(PUSH, STRDUP(buffer), NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(SYSCALL, STRDUP("printf"), NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(ADD, STRDUP("$4"), esp, 0, 0);
}
//Set up a suitable call for integers to printf.
else {
generate(stream, root->children[0]);
instruction_add(PUSH, STRDUP("$.INTEGER"), NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(SYSCALL, STRDUP("printf"), NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(ADD, STRDUP("$8"), esp, 0, 0);
}
break;
case EXPRESSION:
/*
* Expressions:
* Handle any nested expressions first, then deal with the
* top of the stack according to the kind of expression
* (single variables/integers handled in separate switch/cases)
*/
evaluate_expression(stream, root);
break;
case VARIABLE:
/*
* Occurrences of variables: (declarations have their own case)
* - Find the variable's stack offset
* - If var is not local, unwind the stack to its correct base
*/
//Variables depth and offset.
var_offset = root->entry->stack_offset;
var_depth = root->entry->depth;
diff = depth - var_depth;
//Uses ebx to find the correct frame.
instruction_add(MOVE, ebp, ebx, 0, 0);
for (int i = 0; i < diff; i++) {
instruction_add(MOVE, STRDUP("(%ebx)"), ebx, 0, 0);
}
//Pushes the value of the variable on the stack.
instruction_add(PUSH, ebx, NULL, var_offset, 0);
break;
case INTEGER:
/*
* Integers: constants which can just be put on stack
*/
//Creates the correct string for the integer, and pushes it on the stack.
snprintf(buffer, BUFFER_LENGTH, "$%d", *((int*)root->data));
instruction_add(PUSH, STRDUP(buffer), NULL, 0, 0);
break;
case ASSIGNMENT_STATEMENT:
/*
* Assignments:
* Right hand side is an expression, find left hand side on stack
* (unwinding if necessary)
*/
//Evaluates the expression on the right side. Its value will be on top of stack afterwards, so pop it.
generate(stream, root->children[1]);
instruction_add(POP, eax, NULL, 0, 0);
var_offset = root->children[0]->entry->stack_offset;
var_depth = root->children[0]->entry->depth;
diff = depth - var_depth;
//Puts the adress to the next frame in ebx, and unwind until we find the variable's location.
instruction_add(MOVE, ebp, ebx, 0, 0);
for (int i = 0; i < diff; i++) {
instruction_add(MOVE, STRDUP("(%ebx)"), ebx, 0, 0);
}
//Put the expression value in the location of the variable.
instruction_add(MOVE, eax, ebx, 0, var_offset);
break;
case RETURN_STATEMENT:
/*
* Return statements:
* Evaluate the expression and put it in EAX
*/
//Evalute the expression. Its value will be on stack afterwards, so pop it.
RECUR();
instruction_add(POP, eax, NULL, 0, 0);
//Signal that we have reached a return statement. No more instructions should be added for this
//procedure.
reachedReturnStatement = 1;
break;
default:
/* Everything else can just continue through the tree */
RECUR();
break;
}
}
void evaluate_expression( FILE *stream, node_t *root ) {
//If we've reached a function, call it.
if (*((char *)root->data) == 'F') {
node_t *para_list = root->children[1];
//Pushes the children on stack
generate(stream, para_list);
//Calls the function
instruction_add(CALL, STRDUP((char*)root->children[0]->entry->label), NULL, 0, 0);
//Pushes the return value on stack.
instruction_add(PUSH, eax, NULL, 0, 0);
return;
}
RECUR();
//Uminus.
if (root->n_children == 1 && root->data != NULL) {
instruction_add(POP, eax, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(NEG, eax, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(PUSH, eax, NULL, 0, 0);
return;
}
//Normal arithmetic.
instruction_add(POP, ebx, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(POP, eax, NULL, 0, 0);
//First we deal with operands with a single char.
if(strlen((char*)root->data) == 1) {
switch ( *((char *)root->data) ) {
case '+':
instruction_add(ADD, ebx, eax, 0, 0);
break;
case '-':
instruction_add(SUB, ebx, eax, 0, 0);
break;
case '*':
instruction_add(MUL, ebx, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
case '/':
instruction_add(CLTD, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(DIV, ebx, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
case '>':
instruction_add(CMP, ebx, eax, 0, 0);
instruction_add(SETG, al, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(CBW, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(CWDE, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
case '<':
instruction_add(CMP, ebx, eax, 0, 0);
instruction_add(SETL, al, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(CBW, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(CWDE, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
}
}
//Then we deal with operands with two chars.
else {
RECUR();
switch ( *((char *)root->data) ) {
case '=':
instruction_add(CMP, eax, ebx, 0, 0);
instruction_add(SETE, al, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(CBW, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(CWDE, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
case '!':
instruction_add(CMP, eax, ebx, 0, 0);
instruction_add(SETNE, al, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(CBW, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(CWDE, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
case '<':
instruction_add(CMP, ebx, eax, 0, 0);
instruction_add(SETLE, al, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(CBW, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(CWDE, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
case '>':
instruction_add(CMP, ebx, eax, 0, 0);
instruction_add(SETGE, al, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(CBW, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(CWDE, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
}
}
instruction_add(PUSH, eax, NULL, 0, 0);
}
void generate ( FILE *stream, node_t *root )
{
char *char_buffer;
int elegant_solution;
if ( root == NULL )
return;
switch ( root->type.index )
{
case PROGRAM:
/* Output the data segment */
strings_output ( stream );
instruction_add ( STRING, STRDUP( ".text" ), NULL, 0, 0 );
RECUR();
TEXT_HEAD();
/*
* Calls the name of the first function, not pretty, but it works.
*/
instruction_add(CALL, STRDUP(root->children[0]->children[0]->children[0]->data), NULL, 0, 0);
TEXT_TAIL();
instructions_print ( stream );
instructions_finalize ();
break;
case FUNCTION:
/*
* Function definitions:
* Set up/take down activation record for the function, return value
*/
depth++;
instruction_add(LABEL, STRDUP(root->children[0]->data), NULL, 0, 0);
/* Callee saves old EBP on stack */
instruction_add(PUSH, ebp, NULL, 0, 0);
/* Callee sets new EBP to top of stack. */
instruction_add(MOVE, esp, ebp, 0, 0);
/* Callee executes function (overwriting registers if necessary.) */
generate(stream, root->children[2]);
/*
* Callee sets ESP to its EBP
* Callee sets restores old EBP
* Callee jumps back to caller, and pops return address.
*
* This part wouldn't be needed if every function had to RETURN
* something, but from what I can see in the grammar, it's
* legal to not return something. Functions that don't return
* something may cause strange things to happen depending on the
* implementation.
*/
instruction_add(LEAVE, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(RET, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
depth--;
break;
case BLOCK:
/*
* Blocks:
* Set up/take down activation record, no return value
*/
depth++;
/* Like a function, only that we don't have any return address. */
instruction_add(PUSH, ebp, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(MOVE, esp, ebp, 0, 0);
RECUR();
/* Mom always told me to clean up after myself. */
instruction_add(LEAVE, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
depth--;
break;
case DECLARATION:
/*
* Declarations:
* Add space on local stack
*/
/*
* n_children is positive, so 12 bytes is enough to store $, an
* int (10 digits) as well as the 0-byte.
*/
char_buffer = malloc(sizeof(*char_buffer) * 12);
sprintf(char_buffer, "$%d", 4 * root->children[0]->n_children);
/*
* Clever little thing, growing the stack with 4 bytes for each
* local variable that is to be added, no pushing or initialising
* needed. Not very maintainable, though.
*/
instruction_add(SUB, STRDUP(char_buffer), esp, 0, 0);
break;
case PRINT_LIST:
/*
* Print lists:
* Emit the list of print items, followed by newline (0x0A)
*/
/* Print all the PRINT_ITEMs */
RECUR();
/*
* Put a newline out there after the contents have been printed in
* order to follow the spec.
*/
instruction_add(PUSH, STRDUP("$0x0a"), NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(SYSCALL, STRDUP("putchar"), NULL, 0, 0);
break;
case PRINT_ITEM:
/*
* Items in print lists:
* Determine what kind of value (string literal or expression)
* and set up a suitable call to printf
*/
if (root->children[0]->type.index == TEXT) {
/* Text-elemtens, just print the appropriate string. */
char_buffer = malloc(sizeof(*char_buffer) * 19);
sprintf(char_buffer, "$.STRING%d", *(int*)root->children[0]->data);
instruction_add(PUSH, char_buffer, NULL, 0, 0);
} else {
/* A variable, add it's value to the stack. */
RECUR();
instruction_add(PUSH, STRDUP("$.INTEGER"), NULL, 0, 0);
}
/* printf whatever we pushed to the stack. */
instruction_add(SYSCALL, STRDUP("printf"), NULL, 0, 0);
break;
case EXPRESSION:
/*
* Expressions:
* Handle any nested expressions first, then deal with the
* top of the stack according to the kind of expression
* (single variables/integers handled in separate switch/cases)
*/
/*
* Handle functions first as I find them a special case even though
* the comments tell me to RECUR first.
*/
if (root->data != NULL && *(char*)root->data == 'F') {
/* Caller pushes parameters on stack. */
generate(stream, root->children[1]);
/*
* Caller pushes return address on stack.
* Caller jumps to called function address.
*/
instruction_add(CALL, root->children[0]->data, NULL, 0, 0);
/*
* Remove arguments from stack. The same as adding local
* variables, really, except that we shrink the stack instead.
* See DECLARATION-case for further description of the
* procedure.
*/
if (root->children[1] != NULL) {
char_buffer = malloc(sizeof(*char_buffer) * 12);
sprintf(char_buffer, "$%d", 4 * root->children[1]->n_children);
instruction_add(ADD, char_buffer, esp, 0, 0);
}
/* Push the return value to the stack. */
instruction_add(PUSH, eax, NULL, 0, 0);
} else {
RECUR();
if (root->n_children == 1 && root->data != NULL && *(char*) root->data == '-') {
/* Unary minus, simple operation. */
instruction_add(POP, ebx, NULL, 0, 0);
/*
* The recitation didn't mention neg. I still chose to use
* it as it was already in generator.c, and I think it's
* more pretty than multiplying the number with -1, or
* whatever other way there is to do this.
*/
instruction_add(NEG, ebx, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(PUSH, ebx, NULL, 0, 0);
} else if (root->n_children == 2) {
/*
* Binary operation! ebx contains the rightmost operand,
* eax the leftmost.
*/
instruction_add(POP, ebx, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(POP, eax, NULL, 0, 0);
switch(*(char*)root->data) {
case '+':
instruction_add(ADD, ebx, eax, 0, 0);
break;
case '-':
instruction_add(SUB, ebx, eax, 0, 0);
break;
case '*':
instruction_add(MUL, ebx, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
case '/':
instruction_add(CLTD, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(DIV, ebx, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
case '<':
instruction_add(CMP, ebx, eax, 0, 0);
/* '=' as opposed to '\0' */
if (*((char*) root->data + 1) == '=') {
/* <= */
instruction_add(SETLE, al, NULL, 0, 0);
} else {
instruction_add(SETL, al, NULL, 0, 0);
}
instruction_add(CBW, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(CWDE, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
case '>':
instruction_add(CMP, ebx, eax, 0, 0);
if (*((char*) root->data + 1) != '\0' && *((char*) root->data + 1) == '=') {
/* >= */
instruction_add(SETGE, al, NULL, 0, 0);
} else {
instruction_add(SETG, al, NULL, 0, 0);
}
instruction_add(CBW, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(CWDE, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
case '=':
/* == */
instruction_add(CMP, ebx, eax, 0, 0);
instruction_add(SETE, al, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(CBW, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(CWDE, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
case '!':
/* != */
instruction_add(CMP, ebx, eax, 0, 0);
instruction_add(SETNE, al, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(CBW, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(CWDE, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
}
/* Push the result back on the stack. */
instruction_add(PUSH, eax, NULL, 0, 0);
}
}
break;
case VARIABLE:
/*
* Occurrences of variables: (declarations have their own case)
* - Find the variable's stack offset
* - If var is not local, unwind the stack to its correct base
*/
/*
* Here we want to push the value of a variable.
*
* The "if" is not really needed, but it decreases the amount of
* instructions needed by one in cases where the variable is local.
*/
if (depth == root->entry->depth) {
instruction_add(PUSH, ebp, NULL, root->entry->stack_offset, 0);
} else {
instruction_add(MOVE, ebp, ecx, 0, 0);
for (int i = 0; i < (depth - root->entry->depth); i++) {
/* Set ecx to the value pointed to by ecx. */
instruction_add(MOVE, STRDUP("(%ecx)"), ecx, 0, 0);
}
instruction_add(PUSH, ecx, NULL, root->entry->stack_offset, 0);
}
break;
case INTEGER:
/*
* Integers: constants which can just be put on stack
*/
/*
* We want to push the integer to the stack, that's how we do
* calculations around here.
*
* Here the integers may be negative, so we need another byte for
* the buffer.
*/
char_buffer = malloc(sizeof(*char_buffer) * 13);
sprintf(char_buffer, "$%d", *(int*)root->data);
instruction_add(PUSH, char_buffer, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
case ASSIGNMENT_STATEMENT:
/*
* Assignments:
* Right hand side is an expression, find left hand side on stack
* (unwinding if necessary)
*/
/*
* Get the value of the right-hand side expression at the top of
* the stack, then into eax.
*/
generate(stream, root->children[1]);
instruction_add(POP, eax, NULL, 0, 0);
/*
* Get the left-hand side variable's offset, and store eax at that
* location. See VARIABLE-case for comments on unwinding.
*/
if (depth == root->children[0]->entry->depth) {
instruction_add(MOVE, eax, ebp, 0, root->children[0]->entry->stack_offset);
} else {
instruction_add(MOVE, ebp, ecx, 0, 0);
for (int i = 0; i < (depth - root->children[0]->entry->depth); i++) {
instruction_add(MOVE, STRDUP("(%ecx)"), ecx, 0, 0);
}
instruction_add(MOVE, eax, ecx, 0, root->children[0]->entry->stack_offset);
}
break;
case RETURN_STATEMENT:
/*
* Return statements:
* Evaluate the expression and put it in EAX
*/
/* Get the expression's value at the top of the stack. */
RECUR();
/* And into eax, the return register. */
instruction_add(POP, eax, NULL, 0, 0);
/* One leave for every scope. */
for (int i = 1; i < depth; i++) {
instruction_add(LEAVE, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
}
instruction_add(RET, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
default:
/* Everything else can just continue through the tree */
RECUR();
break;
}
}
void generate ( FILE *stream, node_t *root )
{
int elegant_solution;
if ( root == NULL )
return;
switch ( root->type.index )
{
case PROGRAM: {
/* Output the data segment */
strings_output ( stream );
instruction_add ( STRING, STRDUP( ".text" ), NULL, 0, 0 );
RECUR ();
TEXT_HEAD ();
/* TODO: Insert a call to the first defined function here */
node_t *main_func = root->children[0]->children[0];
instruction_add ( CALL, STRDUP( (char *) main_func->children[0]->data ),
NULL, 0, 0);
TEXT_TAIL ();
instructions_print ( stream );
instructions_finalize ();
break;
}
case FUNCTION: {
/*
* Function definitions:
* Set up/take down activation record for the function, return value
*/
depth += 1;
instruction_add ( LABEL, STRDUP( root->children[0]->data ), NULL, 0, 0 );
instruction_add ( PUSH, ebp, NULL, 0, 0 );
instruction_add ( MOVE, esp, ebp, 0, 0 );
// Generate for the children, except for the BLOCK-statement
generate ( stream, root->children[2]->children[0] );
generate ( stream, root->children[2]->children[1] );
instruction_add ( LEAVE, NULL, NULL, 0, 0 );
instruction_add ( RET, NULL, NULL, 0, 0 );
depth -= 1;
break;
}
case BLOCK: {
/*
* Blocks:
* Set up/take down activation record, no return value
*/
depth += 1;
instruction_add ( PUSH, ebp, NULL, 0, 0 );
instruction_add ( MOVE, esp, ebp, 0, 0 );
generate ( stream, root->children[0] );
// This is done in order to avoid executing any statements in a STATEMENT_LIST,
// that is occuring after a RETURN_STATEMENT
node_t *statement_list_n = root->children[1];
for ( int i = 0; i < statement_list_n->n_children; i++ ) {
generate ( stream, statement_list_n->children[i] );
if ( statement_list_n->children[i]->type.index == RETURN_STATEMENT )
break;
}
// Push a dummy value to the stack, so LEAVE works properly
instruction_add ( PUSH, STRDUP( "$0" ), NULL, 0, 0 );
instruction_add ( LEAVE, NULL, NULL, 0, 0 );
depth -= 1;
break;
}
case DECLARATION: {
/*
* Declarations:
* Add space on local stack
*/
int offset = 0;
for ( int i = 0; i < root->children[0]->n_children; i++ ) {
offset -= 4;
instruction_add ( PUSH, esp, NULL, offset, 0 );
}
break;
}
case PRINT_LIST: {
/*
* Print lists:
* Emit the list of print items, followed by newline (0x0A)
*/
instruction_add ( PUSH, ecx, NULL, 0, 0 );
RECUR ();
instruction_add ( PUSH, STRDUP( "$10" ), NULL, 0, 0 );
instruction_add ( SYSCALL, STRDUP( "putchar" ), NULL, 0, 0 );
instruction_add ( ADD, STRDUP( "$4" ), esp, 0, 0 );
instruction_add ( POP, ecx, NULL, 0, 0 );
break;
}
case PRINT_ITEM: {
/*
* Items in print lists:
* Determine what kind of value (string literal or expression)
* and set up a suitable call to printf
*/
if ( root->children[0]->type.index == TEXT ) {
char str[30];
sprintf ( str, "$.STRING%d", *(int *)root->children[0]->data );
instruction_add ( PUSH, STRDUP( str ), NULL, 0, 0 );
instruction_add ( SYSCALL, STRDUP( "printf" ), NULL, 0, 0 );
instruction_add ( ADD, STRDUP( "$4" ), esp, 0, 0 );
} else {
// Add expression to top of stack, for use in printf
generate ( stream, root->children[0] );
instruction_add ( PUSH, STRDUP( "$.INTEGER" ), NULL, 0, 0 );
instruction_add ( SYSCALL, STRDUP( "printf" ), NULL, 0, 0 );
instruction_add ( ADD, STRDUP( "$8" ), esp, 0, 0 );
}
break;
}
case EXPRESSION: {
/*
* Expressions:
* Handle any nested expressions first, then deal with the
* top of the stack according to the kind of expression
* (single variables/integers handled in separate switch/cases)
*/
// The expression is a function call
if ( root->n_children == 2 && ( root->children[1] == NULL
|| root->children[1]->type.index == EXPRESSION_LIST ) ) {
// Push parameters on stack
generate ( stream, root->children[1] );
instruction_add ( CALL, STRDUP( (char *) root->children[0]->data ),
NULL, 0, 0);
// The evaluated expression to the stack
instruction_add ( PUSH, eax, NULL, 0, 0 );
} else if ( root->n_children == 2) {
RECUR ();
instruction_add ( POP, ebx, NULL, 0, 0 );
instruction_add ( POP, eax, NULL, 0, 0 );
char *data = (char *) root->data;
switch ( data[0] ) {
case '+':
instruction_add ( ADD, ebx, eax, 0, 0 );
break;
case '-':
instruction_add ( SUB, ebx, eax, 0, 0 );
break;
case '*':
instruction_add ( MUL, ebx, NULL, 0, 0 );
break;
case '/':
instruction_add ( CLTD, NULL, NULL, 0, 0 );
instruction_add ( DIV, ebx, NULL, 0, 0 );
break;
// The following cases is a bit repetative, I know
// Maybe gcc will optimize it a bit? ;-)
case '=':
instruction_add ( CMP, ebx, eax, 0, 0 );
instruction_add ( SETE, al, NULL, 0, 0 );
instruction_add ( CBW, NULL, NULL, 0, 0 );
instruction_add ( CWDE, NULL, NULL, 0, 0 );
break;
case '!':
instruction_add ( CMP, ebx, eax, 0, 0 );
instruction_add ( SETNE, al, NULL, 0, 0 );
instruction_add ( CBW, NULL, NULL, 0, 0 );
instruction_add ( CWDE, NULL, NULL, 0, 0 );
break;
case '>':
instruction_add ( CMP, ebx, eax, 0, 0 );
if ( strlen( data ) == 2 )
instruction_add ( SETGE, al, NULL, 0, 0 );
else
instruction_add ( SETG, al, NULL, 0, 0 );
instruction_add ( CBW, NULL, NULL, 0, 0 );
instruction_add ( CWDE, NULL, NULL, 0, 0 );
break;
case '<':
instruction_add ( CMP, ebx, eax, 0, 0 );
if ( strlen( data ) == 2 )
instruction_add ( SETLE, al, NULL, 0, 0 );
else
instruction_add ( SETL, al, NULL, 0, 0 );
instruction_add ( CBW, NULL, NULL, 0, 0 );
instruction_add ( CWDE, NULL, NULL, 0, 0 );
break;
}
instruction_add ( PUSH, eax, NULL, 0, 0 );
} else if ( root->data != NULL && *(char *)root->data == '-' ) {
// Unary minus
RECUR ();
instruction_add ( POP, eax, NULL, 0, 0 );
instruction_add ( NEG, eax, NULL, 0, 0 );
instruction_add ( PUSH, eax, NULL, 0, 0 );
}
break;
}
case VARIABLE: {
/*
* Occurrences of variables: (declarations have their own case)
* - Find the variable's stack offset
* - If var is not local, unwind the stack to its correct base
*/
int stack_offset = root->entry->stack_offset;
// If the variable is at right deapth, or it is a function argument, PUSH
// the value of variable to the stack
if ( depth == root->entry->depth
|| stack_offset > 0 && root->entry->depth == (depth-1) ) {
instruction_add ( PUSH, ebp, NULL, stack_offset, 0 );
} else {
// Else unwind
instruction_add ( MOVE, ebp, ebx, 0, 0 );
// If the variable is an argument, the deapth, i.e. 'i', is decreased
// by 1
int i = stack_offset > 0 ? -1 : 0;
for ( i += depth-1; i >= root->entry->depth; i-- ) {
instruction_add ( MOVE, STRDUP("(%ebx)"), ebx, 0, 0 );
}
instruction_add ( PUSH, ebx, NULL, stack_offset, 0 );
}
break;
}
case ASSIGNMENT_STATEMENT: {
/*
* Assignments:
* Right hand side is an expression, find left hand side on stack
* (unwinding if necessary)
*/
// This behaves almost the same as the VARIABLE case
generate ( stream, root->children[1] );
root->entry = root->children[0]->entry;
int stack_offset = root->entry->stack_offset;
if ( depth == root->entry->depth ) {
instruction_add ( POP, ebp, NULL, stack_offset, 0 );
} else {
instruction_add ( MOVE, ebp, ebx, 0, 0 );
for ( int i = depth-1; i >= root->entry->depth; i-- ) {
instruction_add ( MOVE, STRDUP("(%ebx)"), ebx, 0, 0 );
}
instruction_add ( POP, ebx, NULL, stack_offset, 0 );
}
break;
}
case INTEGER: {
/*
* Integers: constants which can just be put on stack
*/
char str[30];
sprintf ( str, "$%d", *(int *)root->data );
instruction_add ( PUSH, STRDUP( str ), NULL, 0, 0 );
break;
}
case RETURN_STATEMENT: {
/*
* Return statements:
* Evaluate the expression and put it in EAX
*/
RECUR ();
instruction_add ( POP, eax, NULL, 0, 0 );
break;
}
case WHILE_STATEMENT: {
char whilestart[30];
char _whilestart[30];
char whileend[30];
char _whileend[30];
sprintf ( whilestart, "whilestart%d", while_label );
sprintf ( _whilestart, "_whilestart%d", while_label );
sprintf ( whileend, "whileend%d", while_label );
sprintf ( _whileend, "_whileend%d", while_label++ );
instruction_add ( LABEL, STRDUP( whilestart ), NULL, 0, 0 );
generate ( stream, root->children[0] );
instruction_add ( CMPZERO, eax, NULL, 0, 0 );
instruction_add ( JUMPZERO, STRDUP( _whileend ), NULL, 0, 0 );
generate ( stream, root->children[1] );
instruction_add ( JUMP, STRDUP( _whilestart ), NULL, 0, 0 );
instruction_add ( LABEL, STRDUP( whileend ), NULL, 0, 0 );
break;
}
case FOR_STATEMENT: {
char forstart[30];
char _forstart[30];
char forend[30];
char _forend[30];
sprintf ( forstart, "forstart%d", for_label );
sprintf ( _forstart, "_forstart%d", for_label++ );
// Initialize ecx, i.e. the loop counter
generate ( stream, root->children[0] );
instruction_add ( PUSH, eax, NULL, 0, 0 );
instruction_add ( MOVE, eax, edi, 0, 0 );
generate ( stream, root->children[1] );
instruction_add ( POP, eax, NULL, 0,0 );
instruction_add ( POP, ebx, NULL, 0,0 );
instruction_add ( SUB, ebx, eax, 0,0 );
instruction_add ( PUSH, eax, NULL, 0,0 );
instruction_add ( POP, ecx, NULL, 0, 0 );
// Start loop
instruction_add ( LABEL, STRDUP( forstart ), NULL, 0, 0 );
generate ( stream, root->children[2] );
// Increment counter
instruction_add ( ADD, STRDUP( "$1" ), edi, 0, 0 );
instruction_add ( PUSH, edi, NULL, 0, 0 );
depth_difference = depth - root->children[0]->children[0]->entry->depth;
instruction_add(PUSH, ebp, NULL, 0,0);
for(int c = 0; c < depth_difference; c++){
instruction_add(MOVE, STRDUP("$4"), eax, 0,0);
instruction_add(ADD, ebp, eax, 0,0);
instruction_add(MOVE, eax, ebp, -4,0);
}
int32_t offset_2 = root->children[0]->children[0]->entry->stack_offset;
//Putting the current ebp in ebx
instruction_add(POP, ebx, NULL, 0,0);
//Putting the result of the expression in eax
instruction_add(POP, eax, NULL, 0,0);
//Putting the result of the expression in the variable (ebp is the ebp of the variable)
instruction_add(MOVE, eax, ebp, 0, offset_2);
//Restoring the current ebp
instruction_add(MOVE, ebx, ebp, 0, 0);
// Loop
instruction_add ( LOOP, STRDUP( _forstart ), NULL, 0, 0 );
//instruction_add ( JUMPZERO, STRDUP( "TEST" ), NULL, 0, 0 );
break;
}
case IF_STATEMENT: {
char ifend[30];
char _ifend[30];
char ifelse[30];
char _ifelse[30];
sprintf ( ifend, "ifend%d", if_label );
sprintf ( _ifend, "_ifend%d", if_label );
sprintf ( ifelse, "ifelse%d", if_label );
sprintf ( _ifelse, "_ifelse%d", if_label++ );
// IF-THEN-FI
if ( root->n_children == 2 ) {
char str[30];
node_t *expr = root->children[0];
sprintf ( str, "expr: n:%d", expr->n_children );
instruction_add ( JUMPZERO, STRDUP(str), NULL, 0, 0 );
generate ( stream, root->children[0] );
instruction_add ( CMPZERO, eax, NULL, 0, 0 );
instruction_add ( JUMPZERO, STRDUP( _ifend ), NULL, 0, 0 );
generate ( stream, root->children[1] );
instruction_add ( LABEL, STRDUP( ifend ), NULL, 0, 0 );
} // IF-THEN-ELSE-FI
else {
generate ( stream, root->children[0] );
instruction_add ( CMPZERO, eax, NULL, 0, 0 );
instruction_add ( JUMPZERO, STRDUP( _ifelse ), NULL, 0, 0 );
generate ( stream, root->children[1] );
instruction_add ( JUMP, STRDUP( _ifend ), NULL, 0, 0 );
instruction_add ( LABEL, STRDUP( ifelse ), NULL, 0, 0 );
generate ( stream, root->children[2] );
instruction_add ( JUMP, STRDUP( _ifend ), NULL, 0, 0 );
instruction_add ( LABEL, STRDUP( ifend ), NULL, 0, 0 );
}
break;
}
default:
/* Everything else can just continue through the tree */
RECUR();
break;
}
}
void gen_EXPRESSION ( node_t *root, int scopedepth )
{
/*
* Expressions:
* Handle any nested expressions first, then deal with the
* top of the stack according to the kind of expression
* (single variables/integers handled in separate switch/cases)
*/
tracePrint ( "Starting EXPRESSION of type %s\n", (char*) root->expression_type.text);
switch(root->expression_type.index) {
case FUNC_CALL_E:
{
if (root->children[1] != NULL) {
// Push arguments on stack
gen_default(root->children[1], scopedepth);
}
char *func_label = root->function_entry->label;
instruction_add(CALL, STRDUP(func_label), NULL, 0, 0);
// There is an issue where, if the parent node does not use the returned result,
// this will pollute the stack, and offset any new local variables declared.
// I see no easy way to fix this, and it also doesn't seem to be covered by
// the tests.
instruction_add(PUSH, r0, NULL, 0, 0);
}
break;
case METH_CALL_E:
{
if (root->children[2] != NULL) {
// Push arguments on stack
gen_default(root->children[2], scopedepth);
}
tracePrint( "Pushing THIS\n" );
root->children[0]->generate(root->children[0], scopedepth);
char *class_label = root->children[0]->data_type.class_name;
char *func_label = root->function_entry->label;
int len = strlen(class_label) + strlen(func_label);
char *meth_label = malloc(sizeof(char) * (len+1));
meth_label[0] = 0;
strcat(meth_label, class_label);
strcat(meth_label, "_");
strcat(meth_label, func_label);
instruction_add(CALL, STRDUP(meth_label), NULL, 0, 0);
// There is an issue where, if the parent node does not use the returned result,
// this will pollute the stack, and offset any new local variables declared.
// I see no easy way to fix this, and it also doesn't seem to be covered by
// the tests.
instruction_add(PUSH, r0, NULL, 0, 0);
}
break;
case NEW_E:
{
class_symbol_t *class_entry = root->children[0]->class_entry;
char class_size[10];
int32_t class_entry_size = (int32_t)class_entry->size * 8;
sprintf(class_size, "#%d", class_entry_size);
instruction_add(MOVE32, STRDUP(class_size), r0, 0, 0);
instruction_add(PUSH, r0, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(CALL, STRDUP("malloc"), NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(PUSH, r0, NULL, 0, 0);
}
break;
case CLASS_FIELD_E:
{
root->children[0]->generate(root->children[0], scopedepth);
char stack_offset[10];
sprintf(stack_offset, "#%d", root->entry->stack_offset);
instruction_add(POP, r1, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(MOVE, r2, STRDUP(stack_offset), 0, 0);
instruction_add3(ADD, r3, r1, r2);
instruction_add(LOAD, r0, r3, 0, 0);
instruction_add(PUSH, r0, NULL, 0, 0);
}
break;
case THIS_E:
{
instruction_add(LOAD, r1, fp, 0, 8);
instruction_add(PUSH, r1, NULL, 0, 0);
}
break;
default:
gen_default(root, scopedepth);
}
switch (root->expression_type.index) {
case ADD_E:
case OR_E:
instruction_add(POP, r2, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(POP, r1, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add3(ADD, r0, r1, r2);
instruction_add(PUSH, r0, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
case SUB_E:
instruction_add(POP, r2, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(POP, r1, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add3(SUB, r0, r1, r2);
instruction_add(PUSH, r0, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
case MUL_E:
case AND_E:
instruction_add(POP, r2, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(POP, r1, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add3(MUL, r0, r1, r2);
instruction_add(PUSH, r0, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
case DIV_E:
instruction_add(POP, r2, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(POP, r1, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add3(DIV, r0, r1, r2);
instruction_add(PUSH, r0, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
case UMINUS_E:
instruction_add(MOVE, r1, STRDUP("#0"), 0, 0);
instruction_add(POP, r2, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add3(SUB, r0, r1, r2);
instruction_add(PUSH, r0, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
case EQUAL_E:
instruction_add(POP, r2, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(POP, r1, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(CMP, r1, r2, 0, 0);
instruction_add(MOVE, r0, STRDUP("#0"), 0, 0);
instruction_add(MOVEQ, r0, STRDUP("#1"), 0, 0);
instruction_add(PUSH, r0, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
case NEQUAL_E:
instruction_add(POP, r2, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(POP, r1, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(CMP, r1, r2, 0, 0);
instruction_add(MOVE, r0, STRDUP("#1"), 0, 0);
instruction_add(MOVEQ, r0, STRDUP("#0"), 0, 0);
instruction_add(PUSH, r0, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
case GEQUAL_E:
instruction_add(POP, r2, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(POP, r1, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(CMP, r1, r2, 0, 0);
instruction_add(MOVE, r0, STRDUP("#0"), 0, 0);
instruction_add(MOVGE, r0, STRDUP("#1"), 0, 0);
instruction_add(PUSH, r0, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
case LEQUAL_E:
instruction_add(POP, r2, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(POP, r1, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(CMP, r1, r2, 0, 0);
instruction_add(MOVE, r0, STRDUP("#0"), 0, 0);
instruction_add(MOVLE, r0, STRDUP("#1"), 0, 0);
instruction_add(PUSH, r0, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
case LESS_E:
instruction_add(POP, r2, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(POP, r1, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(CMP, r1, r2, 0, 0);
instruction_add(MOVE, r0, STRDUP("#0"), 0, 0);
instruction_add(MOVLT, r0, STRDUP("#1"), 0, 0);
instruction_add(PUSH, r0, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
case GREATER_E:
instruction_add(POP, r2, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(POP, r1, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(CMP, r1, r2, 0, 0);
instruction_add(MOVE, r0, STRDUP("#0"), 0, 0);
instruction_add(MOVGT, r0, STRDUP("#1"), 0, 0);
instruction_add(PUSH, r0, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
case NOT_E:
instruction_add(POP, r1, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(CMP, r1, STRDUP("#0"), 0, 0);
instruction_add(MOVE, r0, STRDUP("#0"), 0, 0);
instruction_add(MOVEQ, r0, STRDUP("#1"), 0, 0);
instruction_add(PUSH, r0, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
}
tracePrint ( "Ending EXPRESSION of type %s\n", (char*) root->expression_type.text);
}
void gen_EXPRESSION ( node_t *root, int scopedepth )
{
/*
* Expressions:
* Handle any nested expressions first, then deal with the
* top of the stack according to the kind of expression
* (single variables/integers handled in separate switch/cases)
*/
tracePrint ( "Starting EXPRESSION of type %s\n", (char*) root->expression_type.text);
switch(root->expression_type.index){
case FUNC_CALL_E:
ge(root,scopedepth);
break;
/* Add cases for other expressions here */
case ADD_E: case SUB_E: case MUL_E: case DIV_E: case LEQUAL_E: case GEQUAL_E:
case NEQUAL_E: case EQUAL_E: case LESS_E: case GREATER_E: case AND_E: case OR_E:
;
node_t *left_child = root->children[0];
node_t *right_child = root->children[1];
right_child->generate(right_child, scopedepth);
left_child->generate(left_child, scopedepth);
instruction_add(POP, r1, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(POP, r2, NULL, 0, 0);
switch(root->expression_type.index) {
case ADD_E:
case OR_E:
instruction_add3(ADD, r0, r1, r2);
break;
case SUB_E:
instruction_add3(SUB, r0, r1, r2);
break;
case MUL_E:
case AND_E:
instruction_add3(MUL, r0, r1, r2);
break;
case DIV_E:
instruction_add3(DIV, r0, r1, r2);
break;
case EQUAL_E:
instruction_add(CMP, r1, r2, 0, 0);
instruction_add(MOVE, r0, "#0", 0, 0);
instruction_add(MOVEQ, r0, "#1", 0, 0);
break;
case GEQUAL_E:
instruction_add(CMP, r1, r2, 0, 0);
instruction_add(MOVE, r0, "#0", 0, 0);
instruction_add(MOVGE, r0, "#1", 0, 0);
break;
case NEQUAL_E:
instruction_add(CMP, r1, r2, 0, 0);
instruction_add(MOVE, r0, "#0", 0, 0);
instruction_add(MOVNE, r0, "#1", 0, 0);
break;
case LEQUAL_E:
instruction_add(CMP, r1, r2, 0, 0);
instruction_add(MOVE, r0, "#0", 0, 0);
instruction_add(MOVLE, r0, "#1", 0, 0);
break;
case LESS_E:
instruction_add(CMP, r1, r2, 0, 0);
instruction_add(MOVE, r0, "#0", 0, 0);
instruction_add(MOVLT, r0, "#1", 0, 0);
break;
case GREATER_E:
instruction_add(CMP, r1, r2, 0, 0);
instruction_add(MOVE, r0, "#0", 0, 0);
instruction_add(MOVGT, r0, "#1", 0, 0);
break;
}
instruction_add(PUSH, r0, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
}
tracePrint ( "Ending EXPRESSION of type %s\n", (char*) root->expression_type.text);
}
void gen_PRINT_STATEMENT(node_t* root, int scopedepth)
{
tracePrint("Starting PRINT_STATEMENT\n");
for(int i = 0; i < root->children[0]->n_children; i++){
root->children[0]->children[i]->generate(root->children[0]->children[i], scopedepth);
//Pushing the .INTEGER constant, which will be the second argument to printf,
//and cause the first argument, which is the result of the expression, and is
//allready on the stack to be printed as an integer
base_data_type_t t = root->children[0]->children[i]->data_type.base_type;
switch(t)
{
case INT_TYPE:
instruction_add(STRING, STRDUP("\tmovw r0, #:lower16:.INTEGER"), NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(STRING, STRDUP("\tmovt r0, #:upper16:.INTEGER"), NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(POP, r1, NULL, 0,0);
break;
case FLOAT_TYPE:
instruction_add(LOADS, sp, s0, 0,0);
instruction_add(CVTSD, s0, d0, 0,0);
instruction_add(STRING, STRDUP("\tfmrrd r2, r3, d0"), NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(STRING, STRDUP("\tmovw r0, #:lower16:.FLOAT"), NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(STRING, STRDUP("\tmovt r0, #:upper16:.FLOAT"), NULL, 0,0);
// And now the tricky part... 8-byte stack alignment :(
// We have at least 4-byte alignment always.
// Check if its only 4-byte aligned right now by anding that bit in the stack-pointer.
// Store the answer in r5, and set the zero flag.
instruction_add(STRING, STRDUP("\tandS r5, sp, #4"), NULL, 0,0);
// Now use the zero flag as a condition to optionally change the stack-pointer
instruction_add(STRING, STRDUP("\tpushNE {r5}"), NULL, 0,0);
break;
case BOOL_TYPE:
instruction_add(STRING, STRDUP("\tmovw r0, #:lower16:.INTEGER"), NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(STRING, STRDUP("\tmovt r0, #:upper16:.INTEGER"), NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(POP, r1, NULL, 0,0);
break;
case STRING_TYPE:
instruction_add(POP, r0, NULL, 0,0);
break;
default:
instruction_add(PUSH, STRDUP("$.INTEGER"), NULL, 0,0);
fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: attempting to print something not int, float or bool\n");
break;
}
instruction_add(SYSCALL, STRDUP("printf"), NULL,0,0);
// Undo stack alignment.
if(t == FLOAT_TYPE) {
// Redo the zero flag test on r5, as it will give the same answer as the first test on sp.
instruction_add(STRING, STRDUP("\tandS r5, #4"), NULL, 0,0);
// Conditionally remove the alignment.
instruction_add(STRING, STRDUP("\tpopNE {r5}"), NULL, 0,0);
}
}
instruction_add(MOVE32, STRDUP("#0x0A"), r0, 0,0);
instruction_add(SYSCALL, STRDUP("putchar"), NULL, 0,0);
tracePrint("Ending PRINT_STATEMENT\n");
}
void gen_EXPRESSION ( node_t *root, int scopedepth )
{
/*
* Expressions:
* Handle any nested expressions first, then deal with the
* top of the stack according to the kind of expression
* (single variables/integers handled in separate switch/cases)
*/
tracePrint ( "Starting EXPRESSION of type %s\n", (char*) root->expression_type.text);
int size;
char size_string[100];
switch(root->expression_type.index){
case FUNC_CALL_E:
ge(root,scopedepth);
break;
/* Add cases for other expressions here */
case UMINUS_E:
// Generate the child
root->children[0]->generate(root->children[0], scopedepth);
// Fetching the operand from stack
instruction_add(POP, r0, NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(MOVE, r1, "#-1", 0, 0);
instruction_add3(MUL, r0, r0, r1);
instruction_add(PUSH, r0, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
case METH_CALL_E:
// Caller saves registers on stack.
// Assuming that there might be something in registers r1-r3
// Assuming that r0 are used to handle different inputs and outputs, including function result.
instruction_add(PUSH, r3, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(PUSH, r2, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(PUSH, r1, NULL, 0,0);
// Caller pushes parameters on stack.
// Must find number of parameters, and push each value to stack
// When parameters, second child-node is a variable-list instead of NULL. Children of that node contain the parameters values
int i;
if (root->children[2]!=NULL){
for (i=0; i<root->children[2]->n_children; i++){
// Load parameter number i into register r0 by using the generate-method for that node (usually variable or constant)
// r0 will automatically be pushed by either gen_CONSTANT or gen_VARIABLE
root->children[2]->children[i]->generate(root->children[2]->children[i], scopedepth);
}
}
// IMPORTANT: Difference from func_call is also that the object (value is address on heap) is pushed as final argument
// Loading object as variable into r0 and pushing r0 in stack, by generate
root->children[0]->generate(root->children[0], scopedepth);
//Performing method call from correct class:
//function_symbol_t* entry = root->children[1]->function_entry;
symbol_t* p1 = root->children[0]->entry;
data_type_t p2 = p1->type;
int len2 = strlen(p2.class_name);
char *temp2 = (char*) malloc(sizeof(char) * (len2 + 3));
temp2[0] = 0;
//temp3 = test.type->class_name;
//temp3= root->children[0]->entry.type->class_name;
strcat(temp2, p2.class_name);
strcat(temp2, "_");
strcat(temp2, root->children[1]->label);
instruction_add(CALL, STRDUP(temp2), NULL, 0, 0 );
free(temp2);
// Poping THIS as argument from the stack
instruction_add(POP, "r8", NULL, 0,0);
// Callee jumps back to caller, and pops return address. Caller removes parameters, restores registers, uses result.
// Using r0 for result storing from the function
if (root->children[2]!=NULL){
for (i=0; i<root->children[2]->n_children; i++){
// Poping parameters from stack, by loading into r8, that is otherwise never used. This includes the objects heap parameter
instruction_add(POP, "r8", NULL, 0,0);
}
}
// Restoring original registers
instruction_add(POP, r1, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(POP, r2, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(POP, r3, NULL, 0,0);
// NOTE: Have to hack in order to make sure printing works when including functions straight in print statement
// by setting data_type
root->data_type = root->function_entry->return_type;
if (root->data_type.base_type!=VOID_TYPE){
// Adding result in r0 to stack as return result
instruction_add(PUSH, r0, NULL, 0,0);
}
break;
// Binary expressions:
case ADD_E: case SUB_E: case MUL_E: case DIV_E: case AND_E: case OR_E:
case EQUAL_E: case NEQUAL_E: case LEQUAL_E: case GEQUAL_E: case LESS_E: case GREATER_E:
// The two operands are in the two child-nodes. They must be generated.
root->children[0]->generate(root->children[0], scopedepth);
root->children[1]->generate(root->children[1], scopedepth);
// Fetching the operands from stack
instruction_add(POP, r2, NULL, 0,0);
instruction_add(POP, r1, NULL, 0,0);
// Calculating, and pushing to stack
// Now the current operation itself:
switch(root->expression_type.index){
// Arithmetic and logical expressions:
case ADD_E: case OR_E:
instruction_add3(ADD, r0, r1, r2);
break;
case SUB_E:
instruction_add3(SUB, r0, r1, r2);
break;
case MUL_E: case AND_E:
instruction_add3(MUL, r0, r1, r2);
break;
case DIV_E:
instruction_add3(DIV, r0, r1, r2);
break;
// Comparison expressions:
case GREATER_E:
instruction_add(MOVE, r0, "#0", 0,0);
instruction_add(CMP, r1, r2, 0,0);
instruction_add(MOVGT, r0, "#1", 0,0);
break;
case LESS_E:
instruction_add(MOVE, r0, "#0", 0,0);
instruction_add(CMP, r1, r2, 0,0);
instruction_add(MOVLT, r0, "#1", 0,0);
break;
case EQUAL_E:
instruction_add(MOVE, r0, "#0", 0,0);
instruction_add(CMP, r1, r2, 0,0);
instruction_add(MOVEQ, r0, "#1", 0,0);
break;
case NEQUAL_E:
instruction_add(MOVE, r0, "#0", 0,0);
instruction_add(CMP, r1, r2, 0,0);
instruction_add(MOVNE, r0, "#1", 0,0);
break;
case GEQUAL_E:
instruction_add(MOVE, r0, "#0", 0,0);
instruction_add(CMP, r1, r2, 0,0);
instruction_add(MOVGE, r0, "#1", 0,0);
break;
case LEQUAL_E:
instruction_add(MOVE, r0, "#0", 0,0);
instruction_add(CMP, r1, r2, 0,0);
instruction_add(MOVLE, r0, "#1", 0,0);
break;
}
// Pushing to stack:
instruction_add(PUSH, r0, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
case CLASS_FIELD_E:
// Fetching address value from child 1, pushing to top of stack:
root->children[0]->generate(root->children[0], scopedepth);
// Now poping from stack into r0:
instruction_add(POP, r1, NULL, 0,0);
// Now loading from heap, based on address from child 1 and offset from child 2:
instruction_add(LOAD, r0, r1, 0, root->children[1]->entry->stack_offset);
// Pushing class field access result to stac:
instruction_add(PUSH, r0, NULL, 0,0);
break;
case THIS_E: //TODO: Double check that this works, double check that the value at class position in stack indeed is the address, or if it needs to be fetched using node field
instruction_add(LOAD, r0, fp, 0, 8);
instruction_add(PUSH, r0, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
case NEW_E:
size = root->children[0]->class_entry->size;
snprintf(size_string, 100, "#%d", size); //Max 99 digits
instruction_add(MOVE, r0, STRDUP(size_string), 0, 0);
instruction_add(PUSH, r0, NULL, 0, 0); //Pushing constant to stack, in case of print statement
instruction_add(CALL, STRDUP("malloc"), NULL, 0, 0);
instruction_add(POP, r1, NULL, 0, 0);
//instruction_add(STORE, r0, sp, 0, 8);
instruction_add(PUSH, r0, NULL, 0, 0);
break;
}
tracePrint ( "Ending EXPRESSION of type %s\n", (char*) root->expression_type.text);
}