int check_accuracy(acb_ptr vec, slong len, slong prec) { slong i; for (i = 0; i < len; i++) { if (mag_cmp_2exp_si(arb_radref(acb_realref(vec + i)), -prec) >= 0 || mag_cmp_2exp_si(arb_radref(acb_imagref(vec + i)), -prec) >= 0) return 0; } return 1; }
void acb_hypgeom_bessel_k(acb_t res, const acb_t nu, const acb_t z, slong prec) { mag_t zmag; mag_init(zmag); acb_get_mag(zmag, z); if (mag_cmp_2exp_si(zmag, 4) < 0 || (mag_cmp_2exp_si(zmag, 64) < 0 && 2 * mag_get_d(zmag) < prec)) acb_hypgeom_bessel_k_0f1(res, nu, z, prec); else acb_hypgeom_bessel_k_asymp(res, nu, z, prec); mag_clear(zmag); }
void acb_sinc_pi(acb_t res, const acb_t x, slong prec) { mag_t m; acb_t t; if (acb_is_zero(x)) { acb_one(res); return; } mag_init(m); acb_init(t); acb_get_mag_lower(m, x); if (mag_cmp_2exp_si(m, -1) > 0) { acb_const_pi(t, prec + 4); acb_mul(t, t, x, prec + 4); acb_sin_pi(res, x, prec + 4); acb_div(res, res, t, prec); } else { acb_const_pi(t, prec + 4); acb_mul(t, t, x, prec + 4); acb_sinc(res, t, prec); } mag_clear(m); acb_clear(t); }
slong _arb_mat_exp_choose_N(const mag_t norm, slong prec) { if (mag_is_special(norm) || mag_cmp_2exp_si(norm, 30) > 0 || mag_cmp_2exp_si(norm, -prec) < 0) { return 1; } else if (mag_cmp_2exp_si(norm, -300) < 0) { slong N = -MAG_EXP(norm); return (prec + N - 1) / N; } else { double c, t; c = mag_get_d(norm); t = d_lambertw(prec * LOG2_OVER_E / c); t = c * exp(t + 1.0); return FLINT_MIN((slong) (t + 1.0), 2 * prec); } }
void arb_sinc(arb_t z, const arb_t x, slong prec) { mag_t c, r; mag_init(c); mag_init(r); mag_set_ui_2exp_si(c, 5, -1); arb_get_mag_lower(r, x); if (mag_cmp(c, r) < 0) { /* x is not near the origin */ _arb_sinc_direct(z, x, prec); } else if (mag_cmp_2exp_si(arb_radref(x), 1) < 0) { /* determine error magnitude using the derivative bound */ if (arb_is_exact(x)) { mag_zero(c); } else { _arb_sinc_derivative_bound(r, x); mag_mul(c, arb_radref(x), r); } /* evaluate sinc at the midpoint of x */ if (arf_is_zero(arb_midref(x))) { arb_one(z); } else { arb_get_mid_arb(z, x); _arb_sinc_direct(z, z, prec); } /* add the error */ mag_add(arb_radref(z), arb_radref(z), c); } else { /* x has a large radius and includes points near the origin */ arf_zero(arb_midref(z)); mag_one(arb_radref(z)); } mag_clear(c); mag_clear(r); }
void arb_root_ui_algebraic(arb_t res, const arb_t x, ulong k, slong prec) { mag_t r, msubr, m1k, t; if (arb_is_exact(x)) { arb_root_arf(res, arb_midref(x), k, prec); return; } if (!arb_is_nonnegative(x)) { arb_indeterminate(res); return; } mag_init(r); mag_init(msubr); mag_init(m1k); mag_init(t); /* x = [m-r, m+r] */ mag_set(r, arb_radref(x)); /* m - r */ arb_get_mag_lower(msubr, x); /* m^(1/k) */ arb_root_arf(res, arb_midref(x), k, prec); /* bound for m^(1/k) */ arb_get_mag(m1k, res); /* C = min(1, log(1+r/(m-r))/k) */ mag_div(t, r, msubr); mag_log1p(t, t); mag_div_ui(t, t, k); if (mag_cmp_2exp_si(t, 0) > 0) mag_one(t); /* C m^(1/k) */ mag_mul(t, m1k, t); mag_add(arb_radref(res), arb_radref(res), t); mag_clear(r); mag_clear(msubr); mag_clear(m1k); mag_clear(t); }
void arb_atan(arb_t z, const arb_t x, slong prec) { if (arb_is_exact(x)) { arb_atan_arf(z, arb_midref(x), prec); } else { mag_t t, u; mag_init(t); mag_init(u); arb_get_mag_lower(t, x); if (mag_is_zero(t)) { mag_set(t, arb_radref(x)); } else { mag_mul_lower(t, t, t); mag_one(u); mag_add_lower(t, t, u); mag_div(t, arb_radref(x), t); } if (mag_cmp_2exp_si(t, 0) > 0) { mag_const_pi(u); mag_min(t, t, u); } arb_atan_arf(z, arb_midref(x), prec); mag_add(arb_radref(z), arb_radref(z), t); mag_clear(t); mag_clear(u); } }
void mag_polylog_tail(mag_t u, const mag_t z, long sigma, ulong d, ulong N) { mag_t TN, UN, t; if (N < 2) { mag_inf(u); return; } mag_init(TN); mag_init(UN); mag_init(t); if (mag_cmp_2exp_si(z, 0) >= 0) { mag_inf(u); } else { /* Bound T(N) */ mag_pow_ui(TN, z, N); /* multiply by log(N)^d */ if (d > 0) { mag_log_ui(t, N); mag_pow_ui(t, t, d); mag_mul(TN, TN, t); } /* multiply by 1/k^s */ if (sigma > 0) { mag_set_ui_lower(t, N); mag_pow_ui_lower(t, t, sigma); mag_div(TN, TN, t); } else if (sigma < 0) { mag_set_ui(t, N); mag_pow_ui(t, t, -sigma); mag_mul(TN, TN, t); } /* Bound U(N) */ mag_set(UN, z); /* multiply by (1 + 1/N)**S */ if (sigma < 0) { mag_binpow_uiui(t, N, -sigma); mag_mul(UN, UN, t); } /* multiply by (1 + 1/(N log(N)))^d */ if (d > 0) { ulong nl; /* rounds down */ nl = mag_d_log_lower_bound(N) * N * (1 - 1e-13); mag_binpow_uiui(t, nl, d); mag_mul(UN, UN, t); } /* T(N) / (1 - U(N)) */ if (mag_cmp_2exp_si(UN, 0) >= 0) { mag_inf(u); } else { mag_one(t); mag_sub_lower(t, t, UN); mag_div(u, TN, t); } } mag_clear(TN); mag_clear(UN); mag_clear(t); }
void _arb_sin_cos_generic(arb_t s, arb_t c, const arf_t x, const mag_t xrad, slong prec) { int want_sin, want_cos; slong maglim; want_sin = (s != NULL); want_cos = (c != NULL); if (arf_is_zero(x) && mag_is_zero(xrad)) { if (want_sin) arb_zero(s); if (want_cos) arb_one(c); return; } if (!arf_is_finite(x) || !mag_is_finite(xrad)) { if (arf_is_nan(x)) { if (want_sin) arb_indeterminate(s); if (want_cos) arb_indeterminate(c); } else { if (want_sin) arb_zero_pm_one(s); if (want_cos) arb_zero_pm_one(c); } return; } maglim = FLINT_MAX(65536, 4 * prec); if (mag_cmp_2exp_si(xrad, -16) > 0 || arf_cmpabs_2exp_si(x, maglim) > 0) { _arb_sin_cos_wide(s, c, x, xrad, prec); return; } if (arf_cmpabs_2exp_si(x, -(prec/2) - 2) <= 0) { mag_t t, u, v; mag_init(t); mag_init(u); mag_init(v); arf_get_mag(t, x); mag_add(t, t, xrad); mag_mul(u, t, t); /* |sin(z)-z| <= z^3/6 */ if (want_sin) { arf_set(arb_midref(s), x); mag_set(arb_radref(s), xrad); arb_set_round(s, s, prec); mag_mul(v, u, t); mag_div_ui(v, v, 6); arb_add_error_mag(s, v); } /* |cos(z)-1| <= z^2/2 */ if (want_cos) { arf_one(arb_midref(c)); mag_mul_2exp_si(arb_radref(c), u, -1); } mag_clear(t); mag_clear(u); mag_clear(v); return; } if (mag_is_zero(xrad)) { arb_sin_cos_arf_generic(s, c, x, prec); } else { mag_t t; slong exp, radexp; mag_init_set(t, xrad); exp = arf_abs_bound_lt_2exp_si(x); radexp = MAG_EXP(xrad); if (radexp < MAG_MIN_LAGOM_EXP || radexp > MAG_MAX_LAGOM_EXP) radexp = MAG_MIN_LAGOM_EXP; if (want_cos && exp < -2) prec = FLINT_MIN(prec, 20 - FLINT_MAX(exp, radexp) - radexp); else prec = FLINT_MIN(prec, 20 - radexp); arb_sin_cos_arf_generic(s, c, x, prec); /* todo: could use quadratic bound */ if (want_sin) mag_add(arb_radref(s), arb_radref(s), t); if (want_cos) mag_add(arb_radref(c), arb_radref(c), t); mag_clear(t); } }
void arb_mat_exp(arb_mat_t B, const arb_mat_t A, slong prec) { slong i, j, dim, wp, N, q, r; mag_t norm, err; arb_mat_t T; dim = arb_mat_nrows(A); if (dim != arb_mat_ncols(A)) { flint_printf("arb_mat_exp: a square matrix is required!\n"); abort(); } if (dim == 0) { return; } else if (dim == 1) { arb_exp(arb_mat_entry(B, 0, 0), arb_mat_entry(A, 0, 0), prec); return; } wp = prec + 3 * FLINT_BIT_COUNT(prec); mag_init(norm); mag_init(err); arb_mat_init(T, dim, dim); arb_mat_bound_inf_norm(norm, A); if (mag_is_zero(norm)) { arb_mat_one(B); } else { q = pow(wp, 0.25); /* wanted magnitude */ if (mag_cmp_2exp_si(norm, 2 * wp) > 0) /* too big */ r = 2 * wp; else if (mag_cmp_2exp_si(norm, -q) < 0) /* tiny, no need to reduce */ r = 0; else r = FLINT_MAX(0, q + MAG_EXP(norm)); /* reduce to magnitude 2^(-r) */ arb_mat_scalar_mul_2exp_si(T, A, -r); mag_mul_2exp_si(norm, norm, -r); N = _arb_mat_exp_choose_N(norm, wp); mag_exp_tail(err, norm, N); _arb_mat_exp_taylor(B, T, N, wp); for (i = 0; i < dim; i++) for (j = 0; j < dim; j++) arb_add_error_mag(arb_mat_entry(B, i, j), err); for (i = 0; i < r; i++) { arb_mat_mul(T, B, B, wp); arb_mat_swap(T, B); } for (i = 0; i < dim; i++) for (j = 0; j < dim; j++) arb_set_round(arb_mat_entry(B, i, j), arb_mat_entry(B, i, j), prec); } mag_clear(norm); mag_clear(err); arb_mat_clear(T); }
int arb_get_unique_fmpz(fmpz_t z, const arb_t x) { if (!arb_is_finite(x)) { return 0; } else if (arb_is_exact(x)) { /* x = b*2^e, e >= 0 */ if (arf_is_int(arb_midref(x))) { /* arf_get_fmpz aborts on overflow */ arf_get_fmpz(z, arb_midref(x), ARF_RND_DOWN); return 1; } else { return 0; } } /* if the radius is >= 1, there are at least two integers */ else if (mag_cmp_2exp_si(arb_radref(x), 0) >= 0) { return 0; } /* there are 0 or 1 integers if the radius is < 1 */ else { fmpz_t a, b, exp; int res; /* if the midpoint is exactly an integer, it is what we want */ if (arf_is_int(arb_midref(x))) { /* arf_get_fmpz aborts on overflow */ arf_get_fmpz(z, arb_midref(x), ARF_RND_DOWN); return 1; } fmpz_init(a); fmpz_init(b); fmpz_init(exp); /* if the radius is tiny, it can't be an integer */ arf_bot(a, arb_midref(x)); if (fmpz_cmp(a, MAG_EXPREF(arb_radref(x))) > 0) { res = 0; } else { arb_get_interval_fmpz_2exp(a, b, exp, x); if (COEFF_IS_MPZ(*exp)) { flint_printf("arb_get_unique_fmpz: input too large\n"); abort(); } if (*exp >= 0) { res = fmpz_equal(a, b); if (res) { fmpz_mul_2exp(a, a, *exp); fmpz_mul_2exp(b, b, *exp); } } else { fmpz_cdiv_q_2exp(a, a, -(*exp)); fmpz_fdiv_q_2exp(b, b, -(*exp)); res = fmpz_equal(a, b); } if (res) fmpz_set(z, a); } fmpz_clear(a); fmpz_clear(b); fmpz_clear(exp); return res; } }
void acb_hypgeom_u_asymp(acb_t res, const acb_t a, const acb_t b, const acb_t z, slong n, slong prec) { acb_struct aa[3]; acb_t s, t, w, winv; int R, p, q, is_real, is_terminating; slong n_terminating; if (!acb_is_finite(a) || !acb_is_finite(b) || !acb_is_finite(z)) { acb_indeterminate(res); return; } acb_init(aa); acb_init(aa + 1); acb_init(aa + 2); acb_init(s); acb_init(t); acb_init(w); acb_init(winv); is_terminating = 0; n_terminating = WORD_MAX; /* special case, for incomplete gamma [todo: also when they happen to be exact and with difference 1...] */ if (a == b) { acb_set(aa, a); p = 1; q = 0; } else { acb_set(aa, a); acb_sub(aa + 1, a, b, prec); acb_add_ui(aa + 1, aa + 1, 1, prec); acb_one(aa + 2); p = 2; q = 1; } if (acb_is_nonpositive_int(aa)) { is_terminating = 1; if (arf_cmpabs_ui(arb_midref(acb_realref(aa)), prec) < 0) n_terminating = 1 - arf_get_si(arb_midref(acb_realref(aa)), ARF_RND_DOWN); } if (p == 2 && acb_is_nonpositive_int(aa + 1)) { is_terminating = 1; if (arf_cmpabs_ui(arb_midref(acb_realref(aa + 1)), n_terminating) < 0) n_terminating = 1 - arf_get_si(arb_midref(acb_realref(aa + 1)), ARF_RND_DOWN); } acb_neg(w, z); acb_inv(w, w, prec); acb_neg(winv, z); /* low degree polynomial -- no need to try to terminate sooner */ if (is_terminating && n_terminating < 8) { acb_hypgeom_pfq_sum_invz(s, t, aa, p, aa + p, q, w, winv, n_terminating, prec); acb_set(res, s); } else { mag_t C1, Cn, alpha, nu, sigma, rho, zinv, tmp, err; mag_init(C1); mag_init(Cn); mag_init(alpha); mag_init(nu); mag_init(sigma); mag_init(rho); mag_init(zinv); mag_init(tmp); mag_init(err); acb_hypgeom_u_asymp_bound_factors(&R, alpha, nu, sigma, rho, zinv, a, b, z); is_real = acb_is_real(a) && acb_is_real(b) && acb_is_real(z) && (is_terminating || arb_is_positive(acb_realref(z))); if (R == 0) { /* if R == 0, the error bound is infinite unless terminating */ if (is_terminating && n_terminating < prec) { acb_hypgeom_pfq_sum_invz(s, t, aa, p, aa + p, q, w, winv, n_terminating, prec); acb_set(res, s); } else { acb_indeterminate(res); } } else { /* C1 */ acb_hypgeom_mag_Cn(C1, R, nu, sigma, 1); /* err = 2 * alpha * exp(...) */ mag_mul(tmp, C1, rho); mag_mul(tmp, tmp, alpha); mag_mul(tmp, tmp, zinv); mag_mul_2exp_si(tmp, tmp, 1); mag_exp(err, tmp); mag_mul(err, err, alpha); mag_mul_2exp_si(err, err, 1); /* choose n automatically */ if (n < 0) { slong moreprec; /* take err into account when finding truncation point */ /* we should take Cn into account as well, but this depends on n which is to be determined; it's easier to look only at exp(...) which should be larger anyway */ if (mag_cmp_2exp_si(err, 10 * prec) > 0) moreprec = 10 * prec; else if (mag_cmp_2exp_si(err, 0) < 0) moreprec = 0; else moreprec = MAG_EXP(err); n = acb_hypgeom_pfq_choose_n_max(aa, p, aa + p, q, w, prec + moreprec, FLINT_MIN(WORD_MAX / 2, 50 + 10.0 * prec)); } acb_hypgeom_pfq_sum_invz(s, t, aa, p, aa + p, q, w, winv, n, prec); /* add error bound, if not terminating */ if (!(is_terminating && n == n_terminating)) { acb_hypgeom_mag_Cn(Cn, R, nu, sigma, n); mag_mul(err, err, Cn); /* nth term * factor */ acb_get_mag(tmp, t); mag_mul(err, err, tmp); if (is_real) arb_add_error_mag(acb_realref(s), err); else acb_add_error_mag(s, err); } acb_set(res, s); } mag_clear(C1); mag_clear(Cn); mag_clear(alpha); mag_clear(nu); mag_clear(sigma); mag_clear(rho); mag_clear(zinv); mag_clear(tmp); mag_clear(err); } acb_clear(aa); acb_clear(aa + 1); acb_clear(aa + 2); acb_clear(s); acb_clear(t); acb_clear(w); acb_clear(winv); }
/* computes the factors that are independent of n (all are upper bounds) */ void acb_hypgeom_u_asymp_bound_factors(int * R, mag_t alpha, mag_t nu, mag_t sigma, mag_t rho, mag_t zinv, const acb_t a, const acb_t b, const acb_t z) { mag_t r, u, zre, zim, zlo, sigma_prime; acb_t t; mag_init(r); mag_init(u); mag_init(zre); mag_init(zim); mag_init(zlo); mag_init(sigma_prime); acb_init(t); /* lower bounds for |re(z)|, |im(z)|, |z| */ arb_get_mag_lower(zre, acb_realref(z)); arb_get_mag_lower(zim, acb_imagref(z)); acb_get_mag_lower(zlo, z); /* todo: hypot */ /* upper bound for 1/|z| */ mag_one(u); mag_div(zinv, u, zlo); /* upper bound for r = |b - 2a| */ acb_mul_2exp_si(t, a, 1); acb_sub(t, b, t, MAG_BITS); acb_get_mag(r, t); /* determine region */ *R = 0; if (mag_cmp(zlo, r) >= 0) { int znonneg = arb_is_nonnegative(acb_realref(z)); if (znonneg && mag_cmp(zre, r) >= 0) { *R = 1; } else if (mag_cmp(zim, r) >= 0 || znonneg) { *R = 2; } else { mag_mul_2exp_si(u, r, 1); if (mag_cmp(zlo, u) >= 0) *R = 3; } } if (R == 0) { mag_inf(alpha); mag_inf(nu); mag_inf(sigma); mag_inf(rho); } else { /* sigma = |(b-2a)/z| */ mag_mul(sigma, r, zinv); /* nu = (1/2 + 1/2 sqrt(1-4 sigma^2))^(-1/2) <= 1 + 2 sigma^2 */ if (mag_cmp_2exp_si(sigma, -1) <= 0) { mag_mul(nu, sigma, sigma); mag_mul_2exp_si(nu, nu, 1); mag_one(u); mag_add(nu, nu, u); } else { mag_inf(nu); } /* modified sigma for alpha, beta, rho when in R3 */ if (*R == 3) mag_mul(sigma_prime, sigma, nu); else mag_set(sigma_prime, sigma); /* alpha = 1/(1-sigma') */ mag_one(alpha); mag_sub_lower(alpha, alpha, sigma_prime); mag_one(u); mag_div(alpha, u, alpha); /* rho = |2a^2-2ab+b|/2 + sigma'*(1+sigma'/4)/(1-sigma')^2 */ mag_mul_2exp_si(rho, sigma_prime, -2); mag_one(u); mag_add(rho, rho, u); mag_mul(rho, rho, sigma_prime); mag_mul(rho, rho, alpha); mag_mul(rho, rho, alpha); acb_sub(t, a, b, MAG_BITS); acb_mul(t, t, a, MAG_BITS); acb_mul_2exp_si(t, t, 1); acb_add(t, t, b, MAG_BITS); acb_get_mag(u, t); mag_mul_2exp_si(u, u, -1); mag_add(rho, rho, u); } mag_clear(r); mag_clear(u); mag_clear(zre); mag_clear(zim); mag_clear(zlo); mag_clear(sigma_prime); acb_clear(t); }
void _arb_bell_sum_taylor(arb_t res, const fmpz_t n, const fmpz_t a, const fmpz_t b, const fmpz_t mmag, long tol) { fmpz_t m, r, R, tmp; mag_t B, C, D, bound; arb_t t, u; long wp, k, N; if (_fmpz_sub_small(b, a) < 5) { arb_bell_sum_bsplit(res, n, a, b, mmag, tol); return; } fmpz_init(m); fmpz_init(r); fmpz_init(R); fmpz_init(tmp); /* r = max(m - a, b - m) */ /* m = a + (b - a) / 2 */ fmpz_sub(r, b, a); fmpz_cdiv_q_2exp(r, r, 1); fmpz_add(m, a, r); fmpz_mul_2exp(R, r, RADIUS_BITS); mag_init(B); mag_init(C); mag_init(D); mag_init(bound); arb_init(t); arb_init(u); if (fmpz_cmp(R, m) >= 0) { mag_inf(C); mag_inf(D); } else { /* C = exp(R * |F'(m)| + (1/2) R^2 * (n/(m-R)^2 + 1/(m-R))) */ /* C = exp(R * (|F'(m)| + (1/2) R * (n/(m-R) + 1)/(m-R))) */ /* D = (1/2) R * (n/(m-R) + 1)/(m-R) */ fmpz_sub(tmp, m, R); mag_set_fmpz(D, n); mag_div_fmpz(D, D, tmp); mag_one(C); mag_add(D, D, C); mag_div_fmpz(D, D, tmp); mag_mul_fmpz(D, D, R); mag_mul_2exp_si(D, D, -1); /* C = |F'(m)| */ wp = 20 + 1.05 * fmpz_bits(n); arb_set_fmpz(t, n); arb_div_fmpz(t, t, m, wp); fmpz_add_ui(tmp, m, 1); arb_set_fmpz(u, tmp); arb_digamma(u, u, wp); arb_sub(t, t, u, wp); arb_get_mag(C, t); /* C = exp(R * (C + D)) */ mag_add(C, C, D); mag_mul_fmpz(C, C, R); mag_exp(C, C); } if (mag_cmp_2exp_si(C, tol / 4 + 2) > 0) { _arb_bell_sum_taylor(res, n, a, m, mmag, tol); _arb_bell_sum_taylor(t, n, m, b, mmag, tol); arb_add(res, res, t, 2 * tol); } else { arb_ptr mx, ser1, ser2, ser3; /* D = T(m) */ wp = 20 + 1.05 * fmpz_bits(n); arb_set_fmpz(t, m); arb_pow_fmpz(t, t, n, wp); fmpz_add_ui(tmp, m, 1); arb_gamma_fmpz(u, tmp, wp); arb_div(t, t, u, wp); arb_get_mag(D, t); /* error bound: (b-a) * C * D * B^N / (1 - B), B = r/R */ /* ((b-a) * C * D * 2) * 2^(-N*RADIUS_BITS) */ /* ((b-a) * C * D * 2) */ mag_mul(bound, C, D); mag_mul_2exp_si(bound, bound, 1); fmpz_sub(tmp, b, a); mag_mul_fmpz(bound, bound, tmp); /* N = (tol + log2((b-a)*C*D*2) - mmag) / RADIUS_BITS */ if (mmag == NULL) { /* estimate D ~= 2^mmag */ fmpz_add_ui(tmp, MAG_EXPREF(C), tol); fmpz_cdiv_q_ui(tmp, tmp, RADIUS_BITS); } else { fmpz_sub(tmp, MAG_EXPREF(bound), mmag); fmpz_add_ui(tmp, tmp, tol); fmpz_cdiv_q_ui(tmp, tmp, RADIUS_BITS); } if (fmpz_cmp_ui(tmp, 5 * tol / 4) > 0) N = 5 * tol / 4; else if (fmpz_cmp_ui(tmp, 2) < 0) N = 2; else N = fmpz_get_ui(tmp); /* multiply by 2^(-N*RADIUS_BITS) */ mag_mul_2exp_si(bound, bound, -N * RADIUS_BITS); mx = _arb_vec_init(2); ser1 = _arb_vec_init(N); ser2 = _arb_vec_init(N); ser3 = _arb_vec_init(N); /* estimate (this should work for moderate n and tol) */ wp = 1.1 * tol + 1.05 * fmpz_bits(n) + 5; /* increase precision until convergence */ while (1) { /* (m+x)^n / gamma(m+1+x) */ arb_set_fmpz(mx, m); arb_one(mx + 1); _arb_poly_log_series(ser1, mx, 2, N, wp); for (k = 0; k < N; k++) arb_mul_fmpz(ser1 + k, ser1 + k, n, wp); arb_add_ui(mx, mx, 1, wp); _arb_poly_lgamma_series(ser2, mx, 2, N, wp); _arb_vec_sub(ser1, ser1, ser2, N, wp); _arb_poly_exp_series(ser3, ser1, N, N, wp); /* t = a - m, u = b - m */ arb_set_fmpz(t, a); arb_sub_fmpz(t, t, m, wp); arb_set_fmpz(u, b); arb_sub_fmpz(u, u, m, wp); arb_power_sum_vec(ser1, t, u, N, wp); arb_zero(res); for (k = 0; k < N; k++) arb_addmul(res, ser3 + k, ser1 + k, wp); if (mmag != NULL) { if (_fmpz_sub_small(MAG_EXPREF(arb_radref(res)), mmag) <= -tol) break; } else { if (arb_rel_accuracy_bits(res) >= tol) break; } wp = 2 * wp; } /* add the series truncation bound */ arb_add_error_mag(res, bound); _arb_vec_clear(mx, 2); _arb_vec_clear(ser1, N); _arb_vec_clear(ser2, N); _arb_vec_clear(ser3, N); } mag_clear(B); mag_clear(C); mag_clear(D); mag_clear(bound); arb_clear(t); arb_clear(u); fmpz_clear(m); fmpz_clear(r); fmpz_clear(R); fmpz_clear(tmp); }
/* note: z should be exact here */ void acb_lambertw_main(acb_t res, const acb_t z, const acb_t ez1, const fmpz_t k, int flags, slong prec) { acb_t w, t, oldw, ew; mag_t err; slong i, wp, accuracy, ebits, kbits, mbits, wp_initial, extraprec; int have_ew; acb_init(t); acb_init(w); acb_init(oldw); acb_init(ew); mag_init(err); /* We need higher precision for large k, large exponents, or very close to the branch point at -1/e. todo: we should be recomputing ez1 to higher precision when close... */ acb_get_mag(err, z); if (fmpz_is_zero(k) && mag_cmp_2exp_si(err, 0) < 0) ebits = 0; else ebits = fmpz_bits(MAG_EXPREF(err)); if (fmpz_is_zero(k) || (fmpz_is_one(k) && arb_is_negative(acb_imagref(z))) || (fmpz_equal_si(k, -1) && arb_is_nonnegative(acb_imagref(z)))) { acb_get_mag(err, ez1); mbits = -MAG_EXP(err); mbits = FLINT_MAX(mbits, 0); mbits = FLINT_MIN(mbits, prec); } else { mbits = 0; } kbits = fmpz_bits(k); extraprec = FLINT_MAX(ebits, kbits); extraprec = FLINT_MAX(extraprec, mbits); wp = wp_initial = 40 + extraprec; accuracy = acb_lambertw_initial(w, z, ez1, k, wp_initial); mag_zero(arb_radref(acb_realref(w))); mag_zero(arb_radref(acb_imagref(w))); /* We should be able to compute e^w for the final certification during the Halley iteration. */ have_ew = 0; for (i = 0; i < 5 + FLINT_BIT_COUNT(prec + extraprec); i++) { /* todo: should we restart? */ if (!acb_is_finite(w)) break; wp = FLINT_MIN(3 * accuracy, 1.1 * prec + 10); wp = FLINT_MAX(wp, 40); wp += extraprec; acb_set(oldw, w); acb_lambertw_halley_step(t, ew, z, w, wp); /* estimate the error (conservatively) */ acb_sub(w, w, t, wp); acb_get_mag(err, w); acb_set(w, t); acb_add_error_mag(t, err); accuracy = acb_rel_accuracy_bits(t); if (accuracy > 2 * extraprec) accuracy *= 2.9; /* less conservatively */ accuracy = FLINT_MIN(accuracy, wp); accuracy = FLINT_MAX(accuracy, 0); if (accuracy > prec + extraprec) { /* e^w = e^oldw * e^(w-oldw) */ acb_sub(t, w, oldw, wp); acb_exp(t, t, wp); acb_mul(ew, ew, t, wp); have_ew = 1; break; } mag_zero(arb_radref(acb_realref(w))); mag_zero(arb_radref(acb_imagref(w))); } wp = FLINT_MIN(3 * accuracy, 1.1 * prec + 10); wp = FLINT_MAX(wp, 40); wp += extraprec; if (acb_lambertw_check_branch(w, k, wp)) { acb_t u, r, eu1; mag_t err, rad; acb_init(u); acb_init(r); acb_init(eu1); mag_init(err); mag_init(rad); if (have_ew) acb_set(t, ew); else acb_exp(t, w, wp); /* t = w e^w */ acb_mul(t, t, w, wp); acb_sub(r, t, z, wp); /* Bound W' on the straight line path between t and z */ acb_union(u, t, z, wp); arb_const_e(acb_realref(eu1), wp); arb_zero(acb_imagref(eu1)); acb_mul(eu1, eu1, u, wp); acb_add_ui(eu1, eu1, 1, wp); if (acb_lambertw_branch_crossing(u, eu1, k)) { mag_inf(err); } else { acb_lambertw_bound_deriv(err, u, eu1, k); acb_get_mag(rad, r); mag_mul(err, err, rad); } acb_add_error_mag(w, err); acb_set(res, w); acb_clear(u); acb_clear(r); acb_clear(eu1); mag_clear(err); mag_clear(rad); } else { acb_indeterminate(res); } acb_clear(t); acb_clear(w); acb_clear(oldw); acb_clear(ew); mag_clear(err); }
void acb_hypgeom_2f1_continuation(acb_t res, acb_t res1, const acb_t a, const acb_t b, const acb_t c, const acb_t y, const acb_t z, const acb_t f0, const acb_t f1, long prec) { mag_t A, nu, N, w, err, err1, R, T, goal; acb_t x; long j, k; mag_init(A); mag_init(nu); mag_init(N); mag_init(err); mag_init(err1); mag_init(w); mag_init(R); mag_init(T); mag_init(goal); acb_init(x); bound(A, nu, N, a, b, c, y, f0, f1); acb_sub(x, z, y, prec); /* |T(k)| <= A * binomial(N+k, k) * nu^k * |x|^k */ acb_get_mag(w, x); mag_mul(w, w, nu); /* w = nu |x| */ mag_mul_2exp_si(goal, A, -prec-2); /* bound for T(0) */ mag_set(T, A); mag_inf(R); for (k = 1; k < 100 * prec; k++) { /* T(k) = T(k) * R(k), R(k) = (N+k)/k * w = (1 + N/k) w */ mag_div_ui(R, N, k); mag_add_ui(R, R, 1); mag_mul(R, R, w); /* T(k) */ mag_mul(T, T, R); if (mag_cmp(T, goal) <= 0 && mag_cmp_2exp_si(R, 0) < 0) break; } /* T(k) [1 + R + R^2 + R^3 + ...] */ mag_geom_series(err, R, 0); mag_mul(err, T, err); /* Now compute T, R for the derivative */ /* Coefficients are A * (k+1) * binomial(N+k+1, k+1) */ mag_add_ui(T, N, 1); mag_mul(T, T, A); mag_inf(R); for (j = 1; j <= k; j++) { mag_add_ui(R, N, k + 1); mag_div_ui(R, R, k); mag_mul(R, R, w); mag_mul(T, T, R); } mag_geom_series(err1, R, 0); mag_mul(err1, T, err1); if (mag_is_inf(err)) { acb_indeterminate(res); acb_indeterminate(res1); } else { evaluate_sum(res, res1, a, b, c, y, x, f0, f1, k, prec); acb_add_error_mag(res, err); acb_add_error_mag(res1, err1); } mag_clear(A); mag_clear(nu); mag_clear(N); mag_clear(err); mag_clear(err1); mag_clear(w); mag_clear(R); mag_clear(T); mag_clear(goal); acb_clear(x); }