Пример #1
0
/*!
 * \brief   pixQuadtreeMean()
 *
 * \param[in]    pixs     8 bpp, no colormap
 * \param[in]    nlevels  in quadtree; max allowed depends on image size
 * \param[in]   *pix_ma   input mean accumulator; can be null
 * \param[out]  *pfpixa   mean values in quadtree
 * \return  0 if OK, 1 on error
 *
 * <pre>
 * Notes:
 *      (1) The returned fpixa has %nlevels of fpix, each containing
 *          the mean values at its level.  Level 0 has a
 *          single value; level 1 has 4 values; level 2 has 16; etc.
 * </pre>
 */
l_int32
pixQuadtreeMean(PIX     *pixs,
                l_int32  nlevels,
                PIX     *pix_ma,
                FPIXA  **pfpixa)
{
l_int32    i, j, w, h, size, n;
l_float32  val;
BOX       *box;
BOXA      *boxa;
BOXAA     *baa;
FPIX      *fpix;
PIX       *pix_mac;

    PROCNAME("pixQuadtreeMean");

    if (!pfpixa)
        return ERROR_INT("&fpixa not defined", procName, 1);
    *pfpixa = NULL;
    if (!pixs || pixGetDepth(pixs) != 8)
        return ERROR_INT("pixs not defined or not 8 bpp", procName, 1);
    pixGetDimensions(pixs, &w, &h, NULL);
    if (nlevels > quadtreeMaxLevels(w, h))
        return ERROR_INT("nlevels too large for image", procName, 1);

    if (!pix_ma)
        pix_mac = pixBlockconvAccum(pixs);
    else
        pix_mac = pixClone(pix_ma);
    if (!pix_mac)
        return ERROR_INT("pix_mac not made", procName, 1);

    if ((baa = boxaaQuadtreeRegions(w, h, nlevels)) == NULL) {
        pixDestroy(&pix_mac);
        return ERROR_INT("baa not made", procName, 1);
    }

    *pfpixa = fpixaCreate(nlevels);
    for (i = 0; i < nlevels; i++) {
        boxa = boxaaGetBoxa(baa, i, L_CLONE);
        size = 1 << i;
        n = boxaGetCount(boxa);  /* n == size * size */
        fpix = fpixCreate(size, size);
        for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            box = boxaGetBox(boxa, j, L_CLONE);
            pixMeanInRectangle(pixs, box, pix_mac, &val);
            fpixSetPixel(fpix, j % size, j / size, val);
            boxDestroy(&box);
        }
        fpixaAddFPix(*pfpixa, fpix, L_INSERT);
        boxaDestroy(&boxa);
    }

    pixDestroy(&pix_mac);
    boxaaDestroy(&baa);
    return 0;
}
Пример #2
0
/*!
 *  pixQuadtreeVariance()
 *
 *      Input:  pixs (8 bpp, no colormap)
 *              nlevels (in quadtree)
 *             *pix_ma (input mean accumulator; can be null)
 *             *dpix_msa (input mean square accumulator; can be null)
 *             *pfpixa_v (<optional return> variance values in quadtree)
 *             *pfpixa_rv (<optional return> root variance values in quadtree)
 *      Return: 0 if OK, 1 on error
 *
 *  Notes:
 *      (1) The returned fpixav and fpixarv have @nlevels of fpix,
 *          each containing at the respective levels the variance
 *          and root variance values.
 */
l_int32
pixQuadtreeVariance(PIX *pixs,
                    l_int32 nlevels,
                    PIX *pix_ma,
                    DPIX *dpix_msa,
                    FPIXA **pfpixa_v,
                    FPIXA **pfpixa_rv) {
    l_int32 i, j, w, h, size, n;
    l_float32 var, rvar;
    BOX *box;
    BOXA *boxa;
    BOXAA *baa;
    FPIX *fpixv, *fpixrv;
    PIX *pix_mac;  /* copy of mean accumulator */
    DPIX *dpix_msac;  /* msa clone */

    PROCNAME("pixQuadtreeVariance");

    if (!pfpixa_v && !pfpixa_rv)
        return ERROR_INT("neither &fpixav nor &fpixarv defined", procName, 1);
    if (pfpixa_v) *pfpixa_v = NULL;
    if (pfpixa_rv) *pfpixa_rv = NULL;
    if (!pixs || pixGetDepth(pixs) != 8)
        return ERROR_INT("pixs not defined or not 8 bpp", procName, 1);
    pixGetDimensions(pixs, &w, &h, NULL);
    if (nlevels > quadtreeMaxLevels(w, h))
        return ERROR_INT("nlevels too large for image", procName, 1);

    if (!pix_ma)
        pix_mac = pixBlockconvAccum(pixs);
    else
        pix_mac = pixClone(pix_ma);
    if (!pix_mac)
        return ERROR_INT("pix_mac not made", procName, 1);
    if (!dpix_msa)
        dpix_msac = pixMeanSquareAccum(pixs);
    else
        dpix_msac = dpixClone(dpix_msa);
    if (!dpix_msac)
        return ERROR_INT("dpix_msac not made", procName, 1);

    if ((baa = boxaaQuadtreeRegions(w, h, nlevels)) == NULL) {
        pixDestroy(&pix_mac);
        dpixDestroy(&dpix_msac);
        return ERROR_INT("baa not made", procName, 1);
    }

    if (pfpixa_v) *pfpixa_v = fpixaCreate(nlevels);
    if (pfpixa_rv) *pfpixa_rv = fpixaCreate(nlevels);
    for (i = 0; i < nlevels; i++) {
        boxa = boxaaGetBoxa(baa, i, L_CLONE);
        size = 1 << i;
        n = boxaGetCount(boxa);  /* n == size * size */
        if (pfpixa_v) fpixv = fpixCreate(size, size);
        if (pfpixa_rv) fpixrv = fpixCreate(size, size);
        for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            box = boxaGetBox(boxa, j, L_CLONE);
            pixVarianceInRectangle(pixs, box, pix_mac, dpix_msac, &var, &rvar);
            if (pfpixa_v) fpixSetPixel(fpixv, j % size, j / size, var);
            if (pfpixa_rv) fpixSetPixel(fpixrv, j % size, j / size, rvar);
            boxDestroy(&box);
        }
        if (pfpixa_v) fpixaAddFPix(*pfpixa_v, fpixv, L_INSERT);
        if (pfpixa_rv) fpixaAddFPix(*pfpixa_rv, fpixrv, L_INSERT);
        boxaDestroy(&boxa);
    }

    pixDestroy(&pix_mac);
    dpixDestroy(&dpix_msac);
    boxaaDestroy(&baa);
    return 0;
}
Пример #3
0
main(int    argc,
     char **argv)
{
l_int32      i, j, wc, hc, d;
L_KERNEL    *kel1, *kel2;
PIX         *pixs, *pixg, *pixacc, *pixd, *pixt;
char        *filein, *fileout;
static char  mainName[] = "convolvetest";

    if (argc != 5)
	exit(ERROR_INT(" Syntax:  convolvetest filein wc hc fileout", mainName, 1));

    filein = argv[1];
    wc = atoi(argv[2]);
    hc = atoi(argv[3]);
    fileout = argv[4];

    if ((pixs = pixRead(filein)) == NULL)
	exit(ERROR_INT("pix not made", mainName, 1));

#if 0  /* Measure speed */
    pixacc = pixBlockconvAccum(pixs);
    for (i = 0; i < NTIMES; i++) {
	pixd = pixBlockconvGray(pixs, pixacc, wc, hc);
	if ((i+1) % 10 == 0)
	    fprintf(stderr, "%d iters\n", i + 1);
	pixDestroy(&pixd);
    }
    pixd = pixBlockconvGray(pixs, pixacc, wc, hc);
    pixWrite(fileout, pixd, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);
    pixDestroy(&pixacc);
#endif

#if 0  /* Test pixBlockconvGray() */
    pixacc = pixBlockconvAccum(pixs);
    pixd = pixBlockconvGray(pixs, pixacc, wc, hc);
    pixWrite(fileout, pixd, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);
    pixDestroy(&pixacc);
#endif

#if 0  /* Test pixBlockconv() */
    pixd = pixBlockconv(pixs, wc, hc);
    pixWrite(fileout, pixd, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);
#endif

#if 0  /* Test pixBlockrank() */
    pixacc = pixBlockconvAccum(pixs);
    pixd = pixBlockrank(pixs, pixacc, wc, hc, 0.5);
    pixWrite(fileout, pixd, IFF_TIFF_G4);
    pixDestroy(&pixacc);
#endif

#if 0  /* Test pixBlocksum() */
    pixacc = pixBlockconvAccum(pixs);
    pixd = pixBlocksum(pixs, pixacc, wc, hc);
    pixInvert(pixd, pixd);
    pixWrite(fileout, pixd, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);
    pixDestroy(&pixacc);
#endif

#if 0  /* Test pixCensusTransform() */
    d = pixGetDepth(pixs);
    if (d == 32)
        pixt = pixConvertRGBToLuminance(pixs);
    else
        pixt = pixClone(pixs);
    pixacc = pixBlockconvAccum(pixt);
    pixd = pixCensusTransform(pixt, wc, NULL);
    pixDestroy(&pixt);
    pixDestroy(&pixacc);
    pixWrite(fileout, pixd, IFF_PNG);
#endif

#if 1   /* Test generic convolution with kel1 */
    if (pixGetDepth(pixs) == 32)
        pixg = pixScaleRGBToGrayFast(pixs, 2, COLOR_GREEN);
    else
        pixg = pixScale(pixs, 0.5, 0.5);
    pixDisplay(pixg, 0, 600);
    kel1 = kernelCreateFromString(5, 5, 2, 2, kdatastr);
    pixd = pixConvolve(pixg, kel1, 8, 1);
    pixDisplay(pixd, 700, 0);
    pixWrite("/tmp/junkpixd4.bmp", pixd, IFF_BMP);
    pixDestroy(&pixd);
    kernelDestroy(&kel1);

        /* Test convolution with flat rectangular kel */
    kel2 = kernelCreate(11, 11);
    kernelSetOrigin(kel2, 5, 5);
    for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
        for (j = 0; j < 11; j++)
            kernelSetElement(kel2, i, j, 1);
    }
    startTimer();
    pixd = pixConvolve(pixg, kel2, 8, 1);
    fprintf(stderr, "Generic convolution: %7.3f sec\n", stopTimer());
    pixDisplay(pixd, 1200, 0);
    pixWrite("/tmp/junkpixd5.bmp", pixd, IFF_BMP);
    startTimer();
    pixt = pixBlockconv(pixg, 5, 5);
    fprintf(stderr, "Block convolution: %7.3f sec\n", stopTimer());
    pixDisplay(pixd, 1200, 600);
    pixWrite("/tmp/junkpixd6.bmp", pixt, IFF_BMP);
    pixCompareGray(pixd, pixt, L_COMPARE_ABS_DIFF, GPLOT_X11, NULL,
                   NULL, NULL, NULL);
    pixDestroy(&pixg);
    pixDestroy(&pixt);
    kernelDestroy(&kel2);
#endif

    pixDestroy(&pixs);
    pixDestroy(&pixd);
    return 0;
}
Пример #4
0
int main(int    argc,
         char **argv)
{
l_int32       i, j, sizex, sizey, bias;
FPIX         *fpixv, *fpixrv;
L_KERNEL     *kel1, *kel2, *kel3x, *kel3y;
PIX          *pixs, *pixacc, *pixg, *pixt, *pixd;
PIX          *pixb, *pixm, *pixms, *pixrv, *pix1, *pix2, *pix3, *pix4;
L_REGPARAMS  *rp;

    if (regTestSetup(argc, argv, &rp))
        return 1;

        /* Test pixBlockconvGray() on 8 bpp */
    pixs = pixRead("test8.jpg");
    pixacc = pixBlockconvAccum(pixs);
    pixd = pixBlockconvGray(pixs, pixacc, 3, 5);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pixd, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);  /* 0 */
    pixDisplayWithTitle(pixd, 100, 0, NULL, rp->display);
    pixDestroy(&pixacc);
    pixDestroy(&pixd);

        /* Test pixBlockconv() on 8 bpp */
    pixd = pixBlockconv(pixs, 9, 8);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pixd, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);  /* 1 */
    pixDisplayWithTitle(pixd, 200, 0, NULL, rp->display);
    pixDestroy(&pixd);
    pixDestroy(&pixs);

        /* Test pixBlockrank() on 1 bpp */
    pixs = pixRead("test1.png");
    pixacc = pixBlockconvAccum(pixs);
    for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        pixd = pixBlockrank(pixs, pixacc, 4, 4, 0.25 + 0.25 * i);
        regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pixd, IFF_PNG);  /* 2 - 4 */
        pixDisplayWithTitle(pixd, 300 + 100 * i, 0, NULL, rp->display);
        pixDestroy(&pixd);
    }

        /* Test pixBlocksum() on 1 bpp */
    pixd = pixBlocksum(pixs, pixacc, 16, 16);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pixd, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);  /* 5 */
    pixDisplayWithTitle(pixd, 700, 0, NULL, rp->display);
    pixDestroy(&pixd);
    pixDestroy(&pixacc);
    pixDestroy(&pixs);

        /* Test pixCensusTransform() */
    pixs = pixRead("test24.jpg");
    pixg = pixScaleRGBToGrayFast(pixs, 2, COLOR_GREEN);
    pixd = pixCensusTransform(pixg, 10, NULL);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pixd, IFF_PNG);  /* 6 */
    pixDisplayWithTitle(pixd, 800, 0, NULL, rp->display);
    pixDestroy(&pixd);

        /* Test generic convolution with kel1 */
    kel1 = kernelCreateFromString(5, 5, 2, 2, kel1str);
    pixd = pixConvolve(pixg, kel1, 8, 1);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pixd, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);  /* 7 */
    pixDisplayWithTitle(pixd, 100, 500, NULL, rp->display);
    pixDestroy(&pixd);

        /* Test convolution with flat rectangular kel */
    kel2 = kernelCreate(11, 11);
    kernelSetOrigin(kel2, 5, 5);
    for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
        for (j = 0; j < 11; j++)
            kernelSetElement(kel2, i, j, 1);
    }
    pixd = pixConvolve(pixg, kel2, 8, 1);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pixd, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);  /* 8 */
    pixDisplayWithTitle(pixd, 200, 500, NULL, rp->display);
    pixDestroy(&pixd);
    kernelDestroy(&kel1);
    kernelDestroy(&kel2);

        /* Test pixBlockconv() on 32 bpp */
    pixt = pixScaleBySampling(pixs, 0.5, 0.5);
    pixd = pixBlockconv(pixt, 4, 6);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pixd, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);  /* 9 */
    pixDisplayWithTitle(pixd, 300, 500, NULL, rp->display);
    pixDestroy(&pixt);
    pixDestroy(&pixs);
    pixDestroy(&pixg);
    pixDestroy(&pixd);

        /* Test bias convolution non-separable with kel2 */
    pixs = pixRead("marge.jpg");
    pixg = pixScaleRGBToGrayFast(pixs, 2, COLOR_GREEN);
    kel2 = kernelCreateFromString(5, 5, 2, 2, kel2str);
    pixd = pixConvolveWithBias(pixg, kel2, NULL, TRUE, &bias);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pixd, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);  /* 10 */
    pixDisplayWithTitle(pixd, 400, 500, NULL, rp->display);
    fprintf(stderr, "bias = %d\n", bias);
    kernelDestroy(&kel2);
    pixDestroy(&pixd);

        /* Test bias convolution separable with kel3x and kel3y */
    kel3x = kernelCreateFromString(1, 5, 0, 2, kel3xstr);
    kel3y = kernelCreateFromString(7, 1, 3, 0, kel3ystr);
    pixd = pixConvolveWithBias(pixg, kel3x, kel3y, TRUE, &bias);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pixd, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);  /* 11 */
    pixDisplayWithTitle(pixd, 500, 500, NULL, rp->display);
    fprintf(stderr, "bias = %d\n", bias);
    kernelDestroy(&kel3x);
    kernelDestroy(&kel3y);
    pixDestroy(&pixd);
    pixDestroy(&pixs);
    pixDestroy(&pixg);

        /* Test pixWindowedMean() and pixWindowedMeanSquare() on 8 bpp */
    pixs = pixRead("feyn-fract2.tif");
    pixg = pixConvertTo8(pixs, 0);
    sizex = 5;
    sizey = 20;
    pixb = pixAddBorderGeneral(pixg, sizex + 1, sizex + 1,
                               sizey + 1, sizey + 1, 0);
    pixm = pixWindowedMean(pixb, sizex, sizey, 1, 1);
    pixms = pixWindowedMeanSquare(pixb, sizex, sizey, 1);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pixm, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);  /* 12 */
    pixDisplayWithTitle(pixm, 100, 0, NULL, rp->display);
    pixDestroy(&pixs);
    pixDestroy(&pixb);

        /* Test pixWindowedVariance() on 8 bpp */
    pixWindowedVariance(pixm, pixms, &fpixv, &fpixrv);
    pixrv = fpixConvertToPix(fpixrv, 8, L_CLIP_TO_ZERO, 1);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pixrv, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);  /* 13 */
    pixDisplayWithTitle(pixrv, 100, 250, NULL, rp->display);
    pix1 = fpixDisplayMaxDynamicRange(fpixv);
    pix2 = fpixDisplayMaxDynamicRange(fpixrv);
    pixDisplayWithTitle(pix1, 100, 500, "Variance", rp->display);
    pixDisplayWithTitle(pix2, 100, 750, "RMS deviation", rp->display);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pix1, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);  /* 14 */
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pix2, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);  /* 15 */
    fpixDestroy(&fpixv);
    fpixDestroy(&fpixrv);
    pixDestroy(&pixm);
    pixDestroy(&pixms);
    pixDestroy(&pixrv);

        /* Test again all windowed functions with simpler interface */
    pixWindowedStats(pixg, sizex, sizey, 0, NULL, NULL, &fpixv, &fpixrv);
    pix3 = fpixDisplayMaxDynamicRange(fpixv);
    pix4 = fpixDisplayMaxDynamicRange(fpixrv);
    regTestComparePix(rp, pix1, pix3);  /* 16 */
    regTestComparePix(rp, pix2, pix4);  /* 17 */
    pixDestroy(&pixg);
    pixDestroy(&pix1);
    pixDestroy(&pix2);
    pixDestroy(&pix3);
    pixDestroy(&pix4);
    fpixDestroy(&fpixv);
    fpixDestroy(&fpixrv);

    return regTestCleanup(rp);
}
Пример #5
0
int main(int    argc,
         char **argv)
{
l_int32      i, j, wc, hc, d, bias;
L_KERNEL    *kel1, *kel2, *kel3x, *kel3y;
PIX         *pix, *pixs, *pixg, *pixacc, *pixd, *pixt;
char        *filein, *fileout;
static char  mainName[] = "convolvetest";

    if (argc != 5)
        return ERROR_INT(" Syntax:  convolvetest filein wc hc fileout",
                         mainName, 1);

    filein = argv[1];
    wc = atoi(argv[2]);
    hc = atoi(argv[3]);
    fileout = argv[4];
    if ((pix = pixRead(filein)) == NULL)
        return ERROR_INT("pix not made", mainName, 1);
    d = pixGetDepth(pix);
    if (d != 1 && d != 8 && d != 32)
        pixs = pixConvertTo8(pix, 0);
    else
        pixs = pixClone(pix);
    pixDestroy(&pix);
    d = pixGetDepth(pixs);

    if (d == 8 && (ALL || 0)) {
            /* Measure speed */
        pixacc = pixBlockconvAccum(pixs);
        for (i = 0; i < NTIMES; i++) {
            pixd = pixBlockconvGray(pixs, pixacc, wc, hc);
            if ((i+1) % 10 == 0)
                fprintf(stderr, "%d iters\n", i + 1);
            pixDestroy(&pixd);
        }
        pixd = pixBlockconvGray(pixs, pixacc, wc, hc);
        pixWrite(fileout, pixd, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);
        pixDestroy(&pixacc);
    }
    if (d == 8 && (ALL || 0)) {
            /* Test pixBlockconvGray() */
        pixacc = pixBlockconvAccum(pixs);
        pixd = pixBlockconvGray(pixs, pixacc, wc, hc);
        pixWrite(fileout, pixd, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);
        pixDestroy(&pixacc);
    }
    if (ALL || 0) {
            /* Test pixBlockconv() */
        pixd = pixBlockconv(pixs, wc, hc);
        pixWrite(fileout, pixd, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);
    }
    if (d == 1 && (ALL || 0)) {
            /* Test pixBlockrank() */
        pixacc = pixBlockconvAccum(pixs);
        pixd = pixBlockrank(pixs, pixacc, wc, hc, 0.5);
        pixWrite(fileout, pixd, IFF_TIFF_G4);
        pixDestroy(&pixacc);
    }
    if (d == 1 && (ALL || 0)) {
            /* Test pixBlocksum() */
        pixacc = pixBlockconvAccum(pixs);
        pixd = pixBlocksum(pixs, pixacc, wc, hc);
        pixInvert(pixd, pixd);
        pixWrite(fileout, pixd, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);
        pixDestroy(&pixacc);
    }
    if (ALL || 0) {
            /* Test pixCensusTransform() */
        d = pixGetDepth(pixs);
        if (d == 32)
            pixt = pixConvertRGBToLuminance(pixs);
        else
            pixt = pixClone(pixs);
        pixacc = pixBlockconvAccum(pixt);
        pixd = pixCensusTransform(pixt, wc, NULL);
        pixDestroy(&pixt);
        pixDestroy(&pixacc);
        pixWrite(fileout, pixd, IFF_PNG);
    }
    if (ALL || 0) {
            /* Test generic convolution with kel1 */
        lept_mkdir("lept");
        if (pixGetDepth(pixs) == 32)
            pixg = pixScaleRGBToGrayFast(pixs, 2, COLOR_GREEN);
        else
            pixg = pixScale(pixs, 0.5, 0.5);
        pixDisplay(pixg, 0, 600);
        kel1 = kernelCreateFromString(5, 5, 2, 2, kel1str);
        pixd = pixConvolve(pixg, kel1, 8, 1);
        pixDisplay(pixd, 700, 0);
        pixWrite("/tmp/lept/convol_d4.bmp", pixd, IFF_BMP);
        pixDestroy(&pixd);
        kernelDestroy(&kel1);

            /* Test convolution with flat rectangular kel */
        kel2 = kernelCreate(11, 11);
        kernelSetOrigin(kel2, 5, 5);
        for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
            for (j = 0; j < 11; j++)
                kernelSetElement(kel2, i, j, 1);
        }
        startTimer();
        pixd = pixConvolve(pixg, kel2, 8, 1);
        fprintf(stderr, "Generic convolution: %7.3f sec\n", stopTimer());
        pixDisplay(pixd, 1200, 0);
        pixWrite("/tmp/lept/convol_d5.bmp", pixd, IFF_BMP);
        startTimer();
        pixt = pixBlockconv(pixg, 5, 5);
        fprintf(stderr, "Block convolution: %7.3f sec\n", stopTimer());
        pixDisplay(pixd, 1200, 600);
        pixWrite("/tmp/lept/convol_d6.bmp", pixt, IFF_BMP);
        pixCompareGray(pixd, pixt, L_COMPARE_ABS_DIFF, GPLOT_X11, NULL,
                       NULL, NULL, NULL);
        pixDestroy(&pixg);
        pixDestroy(&pixt);
        kernelDestroy(&kel2);
    }
    if (ALL || 0) {
            /* Test bias convolution with kel2 */
        if (pixGetDepth(pixs) == 32)
            pixg = pixScaleRGBToGrayFast(pixs, 2, COLOR_GREEN);
        else
            pixg = pixScale(pixs, 0.5, 0.5);
        pixDisplay(pixg, 0, 600);
        kel2 = kernelCreateFromString(5, 5, 2, 2, kel2str);
        pixd = pixConvolveWithBias(pixg, kel2, NULL, TRUE, &bias);
        pixDisplay(pixd, 700, 0);
        fprintf(stderr, "bias = %d\n", bias);
        pixWrite("/tmp/lept/convol_d6.png", pixd, IFF_PNG);
        pixDestroy(&pixg);
        kernelDestroy(&kel2);
        pixDestroy(&pixd);
    }
    if (ALL || 1) {
            /* Test separable bias convolution with kel3x, kel3y */
        if (pixGetDepth(pixs) == 32)
            pixg = pixScaleRGBToGrayFast(pixs, 2, COLOR_GREEN);
        else
            pixg = pixScale(pixs, 0.5, 0.5);
        pixDisplay(pixg, 0, 600);
        kel3x = kernelCreateFromString(1, 5, 0, 2, kel3xstr);
        kel3y = kernelCreateFromString(7, 1, 3, 0, kel3ystr);
        pixd = pixConvolveWithBias(pixg, kel3x, kel3y, TRUE, &bias);
        pixDisplay(pixd, 700, 0);
        fprintf(stderr, "bias = %d\n", bias);
        pixWrite("/tmp/lept/convol_d7.png", pixd, IFF_PNG);
        pixDestroy(&pixg);
        kernelDestroy(&kel3x);
        kernelDestroy(&kel3y);
        pixDestroy(&pixd);
    }

    pixDestroy(&pixs);
    return 0;
}