Пример #1
0
VKAPI_ATTR PFN_vkVoidFunction VKAPI_CALL GetInstanceProcAddr(VkInstance instance, const char *funcName) {
    PFN_vkVoidFunction addr;
    layer_data *my_data;

    addr = layer_intercept_instance_proc(funcName);
    if (!addr)
        addr = layer_intercept_proc(funcName);
    if (addr) {
        return addr;
    }

    assert(instance);

    my_data = get_my_data_ptr(get_dispatch_key(instance), layer_data_map);
    addr = debug_report_get_instance_proc_addr(my_data->report_data, funcName);
    if (addr) {
        return addr;
    }

    VkLayerInstanceDispatchTable *pTable = my_data->instance_dispatch_table;
    if (pTable->GetInstanceProcAddr == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return pTable->GetInstanceProcAddr(instance, funcName);
}
VK_LAYER_EXPORT PFN_vkVoidFunction VKAPI_CALL vkGetInstanceProcAddr(VkInstance instance, const char* funcName)
{
    PFN_vkVoidFunction addr;
    layer_data* my_data;

    addr = layer_intercept_instance_proc(funcName);
    if (addr) {
        return addr;
    }

    if (instance == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
        return NULL;
    }

    my_data = get_my_data_ptr(get_dispatch_key(instance), layer_data_map);
    addr = debug_report_get_instance_proc_addr(my_data->report_data, funcName);
    if (addr) {
        return addr;
    }

    VkLayerInstanceDispatchTable* pTable = my_data->instance_dispatch_table;
    if (pTable->GetInstanceProcAddr == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return pTable->GetInstanceProcAddr(instance, funcName);
}
VK_LAYER_EXPORT VKAPI_ATTR void VKAPI_CALL vkDestroyInstance(VkInstance instance, const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator)
{
    dispatch_key key = get_dispatch_key(instance);
    layer_data *my_data = get_my_data_ptr(key, layer_data_map);
    VkLayerInstanceDispatchTable *pTable = my_data->instance_dispatch_table;
    startWriteObject(my_data, instance);
    pTable->DestroyInstance(instance, pAllocator);
    finishWriteObject(my_data, instance);

    // Clean up logging callback, if any
    while (my_data->logging_callback.size() > 0) {
        VkDebugReportCallbackEXT callback = my_data->logging_callback.back();
        layer_destroy_msg_callback(my_data->report_data, callback, pAllocator);
        my_data->logging_callback.pop_back();
    }

    layer_debug_report_destroy_instance(my_data->report_data);
    delete my_data->instance_dispatch_table;
    layer_data_map.erase(key);

    if (layer_data_map.empty()) {
        // Release mutex when destroying last instance.
        loader_platform_thread_delete_mutex(&threadingLock);
        threadingLockInitialized = 0;
    }
}
Пример #4
0
VKAPI_ATTR PFN_vkVoidFunction VKAPI_CALL GetInstanceProcAddr(VkInstance instance, const char* funcName)
{
    // Return the functions that are intercepted by this layer.
    static const struct
    {
        const char *name;
        PFN_vkVoidFunction proc;
    } core_instance_commands[] =
    {
        { "vkGetInstanceProcAddr", reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkVoidFunction>(GetInstanceProcAddr) },
        { "vkCreateInstance", reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkVoidFunction>(CreateInstance) },
        { "vkDestroyInstance", reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkVoidFunction>(DestroyInstance) }
    };

    for (size_t i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(core_instance_commands); i++)
    {
        if (!strcmp(core_instance_commands[i].name, funcName))
        {
            return core_instance_commands[i].proc;
        }
    }

    // Only call down the chain for Vulkan commands that this layer does not intercept.
    layer_data *instance_data = get_my_data_ptr(get_dispatch_key(instance), layer_data_map);
    VkLayerInstanceDispatchTable *pTable = instance_data->instance_dispatch_table;
    if (pTable->GetInstanceProcAddr == nullptr)
    {
        return nullptr;
    }

    return pTable->GetInstanceProcAddr(instance, funcName);
}
Пример #5
0
VK_LAYER_EXPORT VKAPI_ATTR void VKAPI_CALL vkDestroyInstance(VkInstance instance, const VkAllocationCallbacks *pAllocator) {
    dispatch_key key = get_dispatch_key(instance);
    layer_data *my_data = GetLayerDataPtr(key, layer_data_map);
    VkLayerInstanceDispatchTable *pTable = my_data->instance_dispatch_table;
    pTable->DestroyInstance(instance, pAllocator);
    delete pTable;
    layer_data_map.erase(key);
}
Пример #6
0
VK_LAYER_EXPORT VKAPI_ATTR PFN_vkVoidFunction VKAPI_CALL vkGetInstanceProcAddr(VkInstance instance, const char *funcName) {
    PFN_vkVoidFunction fptr;

    layer_data *my_data;
    if (!strcmp(funcName, "vkGetInstanceProcAddr"))
        return (PFN_vkVoidFunction)vkGetInstanceProcAddr;
    if (!strcmp(funcName, "vkGetDeviceProcAddr"))
        return (PFN_vkVoidFunction)vkGetDeviceProcAddr;
    if (!strcmp(funcName, "vkCreateInstance"))
        return (PFN_vkVoidFunction)vkCreateInstance;
    if (!strcmp(funcName, "vkDestroyInstance"))
        return (PFN_vkVoidFunction)vkDestroyInstance;
    if (!strcmp(funcName, "vkCreateDevice"))
        return (PFN_vkVoidFunction)vkCreateDevice;
    if (!strcmp(funcName, "vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices"))
        return (PFN_vkVoidFunction)vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices;
    if (!strcmp(funcName, "vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures"))
        return (PFN_vkVoidFunction)vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures;
    if (!strcmp(funcName, "vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties"))
        return (PFN_vkVoidFunction)vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties;
    if (!strcmp(funcName, "vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties"))
        return (PFN_vkVoidFunction)vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties;
    if (!strcmp(funcName, "vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties"))
        return (PFN_vkVoidFunction)vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties;
    if (!strcmp(funcName, "vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties"))
        return (PFN_vkVoidFunction)vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties;
    if (!strcmp(funcName, "vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties"))
        return (PFN_vkVoidFunction)vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties;
    if (!strcmp(funcName, "vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties"))
        return (PFN_vkVoidFunction)vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties;
    if (!strcmp(funcName, "vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties"))
        return (PFN_vkVoidFunction)vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties;
    if (!strcmp(funcName, "vkEnumerateDeviceLayerProperties"))
        return (PFN_vkVoidFunction)vkEnumerateDeviceLayerProperties;
    if (!strcmp(funcName, "vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties"))
        return (PFN_vkVoidFunction)vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties;
    if (!strcmp(funcName, "vkEnumerateInstanceDeviceProperties"))
        return (PFN_vkVoidFunction)vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties;

    if (!instance)
        return NULL;

    my_data = get_my_data_ptr(get_dispatch_key(instance), layer_data_map);

    fptr = debug_report_get_instance_proc_addr(my_data->report_data, funcName);
    if (fptr)
        return fptr;

    {
        VkLayerInstanceDispatchTable *pTable = my_data->instance_dispatch_table;
        if (pTable->GetInstanceProcAddr == NULL)
            return NULL;
        return pTable->GetInstanceProcAddr(instance, funcName);
    }
}
Пример #7
0
VKAPI_ATTR PFN_vkVoidFunction VKAPI_CALL GetPhysicalDeviceProcAddr(VkInstance instance, const char *funcName) {
    assert(instance);

    layer_data *instance_data = get_my_data_ptr(get_dispatch_key(instance), layer_data_map);
    VkLayerInstanceDispatchTable *pTable = instance_data->instance_dispatch_table;
    if (pTable->GetPhysicalDeviceProcAddr == nullptr)
    {
        return nullptr;
    }

    return pTable->GetPhysicalDeviceProcAddr(instance, funcName);
}
Пример #8
0
VKAPI_ATTR VkResult VKAPI_CALL EnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(
    VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, const char *pLayerName, uint32_t *pCount,
    VkExtensionProperties *pProperties) {
    if (pLayerName && !strcmp(pLayerName, global_layer.layerName))
        return util_GetExtensionProperties(0, NULL, pCount, pProperties);

    assert(physicalDevice);

    VkLayerInstanceDispatchTable *pTable =
        instance_dispatch_table(physicalDevice);
    return pTable->EnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(
        physicalDevice, pLayerName, pCount, pProperties);
}
Пример #9
0
VK_LAYER_EXPORT VKAPI_ATTR PFN_vkVoidFunction VKAPI_CALL vkGetInstanceProcAddr(VkInstance instance, const char *funcName) {
#define ADD_HOOK(fn) \
    if (!strncmp(#fn, funcName, sizeof(#fn))) return (PFN_vkVoidFunction)fn

    ADD_HOOK(vkCreateInstance);
    ADD_HOOK(vkCreateDevice);
    ADD_HOOK(vkDestroyInstance);
#undef ADD_HOOK

    if (instance == NULL) return NULL;

    layer_data *instance_data;
    instance_data = GetLayerDataPtr(get_dispatch_key(instance), layer_data_map);
    VkLayerInstanceDispatchTable *pTable = instance_data->instance_dispatch_table;

    if (pTable->GetInstanceProcAddr == NULL) return NULL;
    return pTable->GetInstanceProcAddr(instance, funcName);
}
Пример #10
0
VKAPI_ATTR PFN_vkVoidFunction VKAPI_CALL
GetInstanceProcAddr(VkInstance instance, const char *funcName) {
    PFN_vkVoidFunction proc = intercept_core_instance_command(funcName);
    if (proc)
        return proc;

    assert(instance);

    proc = intercept_core_device_command(funcName);
    if (!proc)
        proc = intercept_khr_swapchain_command(funcName, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
    if (proc)
        return proc;

    VkLayerInstanceDispatchTable *pTable = instance_dispatch_table(instance);
    if (pTable->GetInstanceProcAddr == NULL)
        return NULL;
    return pTable->GetInstanceProcAddr(instance, funcName);
}
Пример #11
0
VKAPI_ATTR VkResult VKAPI_CALL
EnumeratePhysicalDevices(VkInstance instance, uint32_t *pPhysicalDeviceCount,
                         VkPhysicalDevice *pPhysicalDevices) {
    VkResult result;

    VkLayerInstanceDispatchTable *pTable = instance_dispatch_table(instance);
    result = pTable->EnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, pPhysicalDeviceCount,
                                              pPhysicalDevices);
    if (result == VK_SUCCESS && *pPhysicalDeviceCount > 0 && pPhysicalDevices) {
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < *pPhysicalDeviceCount; i++) {
            // Create a mapping from a physicalDevice to an instance
            if (physDeviceMap[pPhysicalDevices[i]] == NULL) {
                PhysDeviceMapStruct *physDeviceMapElem =
                    new PhysDeviceMapStruct;
                physDeviceMap[pPhysicalDevices[i]] = physDeviceMapElem;
            }
            physDeviceMap[pPhysicalDevices[i]]->instance = instance;
        }
    }
    return result;
}
Пример #12
0
VKAPI_ATTR void VKAPI_CALL DestroyInstance(VkInstance instance, const VkAllocationCallbacks *pAllocator) {
    dispatch_key key = get_dispatch_key(instance);
    layer_data *my_data = get_my_data_ptr(key, layer_data_map);
    VkLayerInstanceDispatchTable *pTable = my_data->instance_dispatch_table;

    // Enable the temporary callback(s) here to catch cleanup issues:
    bool callback_setup = false;
    if (my_data->num_tmp_callbacks > 0) {
        if (!layer_enable_tmp_callbacks(my_data->report_data, my_data->num_tmp_callbacks, my_data->tmp_dbg_create_infos,
                                        my_data->tmp_callbacks)) {
            callback_setup = true;
        }
    }

    startWriteObject(my_data, instance);
    pTable->DestroyInstance(instance, pAllocator);
    finishWriteObject(my_data, instance);

    // Disable and cleanup the temporary callback(s):
    if (callback_setup) {
        layer_disable_tmp_callbacks(my_data->report_data, my_data->num_tmp_callbacks, my_data->tmp_callbacks);
    }
    if (my_data->num_tmp_callbacks > 0) {
        layer_free_tmp_callbacks(my_data->tmp_dbg_create_infos, my_data->tmp_callbacks);
        my_data->num_tmp_callbacks = 0;
    }

    // Clean up logging callback, if any
    while (my_data->logging_callback.size() > 0) {
        VkDebugReportCallbackEXT callback = my_data->logging_callback.back();
        layer_destroy_msg_callback(my_data->report_data, callback, pAllocator);
        my_data->logging_callback.pop_back();
    }

    layer_debug_report_destroy_instance(my_data->report_data);
    delete my_data->instance_dispatch_table;
    layer_data_map.erase(key);
}
Пример #13
0
// Save an image to a PPM image file.
//
// This function issues commands to copy/convert the swapchain image
// from whatever compatible format the swapchain image uses
// to a single format (VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM) so that the converted
// result can be easily written to a PPM file.
//
// Error handling: If there is a problem, this function should silently
// fail without affecting the Present operation going on in the caller.
// The numerous debug asserts are to catch programming errors and are not
// expected to assert.  Recovery and clean up are implemented for image memory
// allocation failures.
// (TODO) It would be nice to pass any failure info to DebugReport or something.
static void writePPM(const char *filename, VkImage image1) {

    VkResult err;
    bool pass;

    // Bail immediately if we can't find the image.
    if (imageMap.empty() || imageMap.find(image1) == imageMap.end())
        return;

    // Collect object info from maps.  This info is generally recorded
    // by the other functions hooked in this layer.
    VkDevice device = imageMap[image1]->device;
    VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice = deviceMap[device]->physicalDevice;
    VkInstance instance = physDeviceMap[physicalDevice]->instance;
    VkQueue queue = deviceMap[device]->queue;
    DeviceMapStruct *devMap = get_dev_info(device);
    if (NULL == devMap) {
        assert(0);
        return;
    }
    VkLayerDispatchTable *pTableDevice = devMap->device_dispatch_table;
    VkLayerDispatchTable *pTableQueue =
        get_dev_info(static_cast<VkDevice>(static_cast<void *>(queue)))
            ->device_dispatch_table;
    VkLayerInstanceDispatchTable *pInstanceTable;
    pInstanceTable = instance_dispatch_table(instance);

    // Gather incoming image info and check image format for compatibility with
    // the target format.
    // This function supports both 24-bit and 32-bit swapchain images.
    VkFormat const target32bitFormat = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
    VkFormat const target24bitFormat = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_UNORM;
    uint32_t const width = imageMap[image1]->imageExtent.width;
    uint32_t const height = imageMap[image1]->imageExtent.height;
    VkFormat const format = imageMap[image1]->format;
    uint32_t const numChannels = vk_format_get_channel_count(format);
    if ((vk_format_get_compatibility_class(target24bitFormat) !=
         vk_format_get_compatibility_class(format)) &&
        (vk_format_get_compatibility_class(target32bitFormat) !=
         vk_format_get_compatibility_class(format))) {
        assert(0);
        return;
    }
    if ((3 != numChannels) && (4 != numChannels)) {
        assert(0);
        return;
    }

    // General Approach
    //
    // The idea here is to copy/convert the swapchain image into another image
    // that can be mapped and read by the CPU to produce a PPM file.
    // The image must be untiled and converted to a specific format for easy
    // parsing.  The memory for the final image must be host-visible.
    // Note that in Vulkan, a BLIT operation must be used to perform a format
    // conversion.
    //
    // Devices vary in their ability to blit to/from linear and optimal tiling.
    // So we must query the device properties to get this information.
    //
    // If the device cannot BLIT to a LINEAR image, then the operation must be
    // done in two steps:
    // 1) BLIT the swapchain image (image1) to a temp image (image2) that is
    // created with TILING_OPTIMAL.
    // 2) COPY image2 to another temp image (image3) that is created with
    // TILING_LINEAR.
    // 3) Map image 3 and write the PPM file.
    //
    // If the device can BLIT to a LINEAR image, then:
    // 1) BLIT the swapchain image (image1) to a temp image (image2) that is
    // created with TILING_LINEAR.
    // 2) Map image 2 and write the PPM file.
    //
    // There seems to be no way to tell if the swapchain image (image1) is tiled
    // or not.  We therefore assume that the BLIT operation can always read from
    // both linear and optimal tiled (swapchain) images.
    // There is therefore no point in looking at the BLIT_SRC properties.
    //
    // There is also the optimization where the incoming and target formats are
    // the same.  In this case, just do a COPY.

    VkFormatProperties targetFormatProps;
    pInstanceTable->GetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties(
        physicalDevice,
        (3 == numChannels) ? target24bitFormat : target32bitFormat,
        &targetFormatProps);
    bool need2steps = false;
    bool copyOnly = false;
    if ((target24bitFormat == format) || (target32bitFormat == format)) {
        copyOnly = true;
    } else {
        bool const bltLinear = targetFormatProps.linearTilingFeatures &
                                       VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_DST_BIT
                                   ? true
                                   : false;
        bool const bltOptimal = targetFormatProps.optimalTilingFeatures &
                                        VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_DST_BIT
                                    ? true
                                    : false;
        if (!bltLinear && !bltOptimal) {
            // Cannot blit to either target tiling type.  It should be pretty
            // unlikely to have a device that cannot blit to either type.
            // But punt by just doing a copy and possibly have the wrong
            // colors.  This should be quite rare.
            copyOnly = true;
        } else if (!bltLinear && bltOptimal) {
            // Cannot blit to a linear target but can blt to optimal, so copy
            // after blit is needed.
            need2steps = true;
        }
        // Else bltLinear is available and only 1 step is needed.
    }

    // Put resources that need to be cleaned up in a struct with a destructor
    // so that things get cleaned up when this function is exited.
    WritePPMCleanupData data = {};
    data.device = device;
    data.pTableDevice = pTableDevice;

    // Set up the image creation info for both the blit and copy images, in case
    // both are needed.
    VkImageCreateInfo imgCreateInfo2 = {
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO,
        NULL,
        0,
        VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D,
        VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM,
        {width, height, 1},
        1,
        1,
        VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
        VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR,
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT,
        VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
        0,
        NULL,
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
    };
    VkImageCreateInfo imgCreateInfo3 = imgCreateInfo2;

    // If we need both images, set up image2 to be read/write and tiled.
    if (need2steps) {
        imgCreateInfo2.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
        imgCreateInfo2.usage =
            VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;
    }

    VkMemoryAllocateInfo memAllocInfo = {
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO, NULL,
        0, // allocationSize, queried later
        0  // memoryTypeIndex, queried later
    };
    VkMemoryRequirements memRequirements;
    VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties memoryProperties;

    // Create image2 and allocate its memory.  It could be the intermediate or
    // final image.
    err =
        pTableDevice->CreateImage(device, &imgCreateInfo2, NULL, &data.image2);
    assert(!err);
    if (VK_SUCCESS != err)
        return;
    pTableDevice->GetImageMemoryRequirements(device, data.image2,
                                             &memRequirements);
    memAllocInfo.allocationSize = memRequirements.size;
    pInstanceTable->GetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(physicalDevice,
                                                      &memoryProperties);
    pass = memory_type_from_properties(
        &memoryProperties, memRequirements.memoryTypeBits,
        need2steps ? VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT
                   : VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT,
        &memAllocInfo.memoryTypeIndex);
    assert(pass);
    err = pTableDevice->AllocateMemory(device, &memAllocInfo, NULL, &data.mem2);
    assert(!err);
    if (VK_SUCCESS != err)
        return;
    err = pTableQueue->BindImageMemory(device, data.image2, data.mem2, 0);
    assert(!err);
    if (VK_SUCCESS != err)
        return;

    // Create image3 and allocate its memory, if needed.
    if (need2steps) {
        err = pTableDevice->CreateImage(device, &imgCreateInfo3, NULL,
                                        &data.image3);
        assert(!err);
        if (VK_SUCCESS != err)
            return;
        pTableDevice->GetImageMemoryRequirements(device, data.image3,
                                                 &memRequirements);
        memAllocInfo.allocationSize = memRequirements.size;
        pInstanceTable->GetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(physicalDevice,
                                                          &memoryProperties);
        pass = memory_type_from_properties(
            &memoryProperties, memRequirements.memoryTypeBits,
            VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT, &memAllocInfo.memoryTypeIndex);
        assert(pass);
        err = pTableDevice->AllocateMemory(device, &memAllocInfo, NULL,
                                           &data.mem3);
        assert(!err);
        if (VK_SUCCESS != err)
            return;
        err = pTableQueue->BindImageMemory(device, data.image3, data.mem3, 0);
        assert(!err);
        if (VK_SUCCESS != err)
            return;
    }

    // Set up the command buffer.  We get a command buffer from a pool we saved
    // in a hooked function, which would be the application's pool.
    const VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocCommandBufferInfo = {
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO, NULL,
        deviceMap[device]->commandPool, VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY, 1};
    data.commandPool = deviceMap[device]->commandPool;
    err = pTableDevice->AllocateCommandBuffers(device, &allocCommandBufferInfo,
                                               &data.commandBuffer);
    assert(!err);
    if (VK_SUCCESS != err)
        return;

    VkDevice cmdBuf =
        static_cast<VkDevice>(static_cast<void *>(data.commandBuffer));
    deviceMap.emplace(cmdBuf, devMap);
    VkLayerDispatchTable *pTableCommandBuffer;
    pTableCommandBuffer = get_dev_info(cmdBuf)->device_dispatch_table;

    // We have just created a dispatchable object, but the dispatch table has
    // not been placed in the object yet.  When a "normal" application creates
    // a command buffer, the dispatch table is installed by the top-level api
    // binding (trampoline.c). But here, we have to do it ourselves.
    if (!devMap->pfn_dev_init) {
        *((const void **)data.commandBuffer) = *(void **)device;
    } else {
        err = devMap->pfn_dev_init(device, (void *)data.commandBuffer);
        assert(!err);
    }

    const VkCommandBufferBeginInfo commandBufferBeginInfo = {
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO, NULL,
        VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT,
    };
    err = pTableCommandBuffer->BeginCommandBuffer(data.commandBuffer,
                                                  &commandBufferBeginInfo);
    assert(!err);

    // This barrier is used to transition from/to present Layout
    VkImageMemoryBarrier presentMemoryBarrier = {
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
        NULL,
        VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT,
        VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT,
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR,
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL,
        VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
        VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
        image1,
        {VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 0, 1, 0, 1}};

    // This barrier is used to transition from a newly-created layout to a blt
    // or copy destination layout.
    VkImageMemoryBarrier destMemoryBarrier = {
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
        NULL,
        0,
        VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT,
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
        VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
        VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
        data.image2,
        {VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 0, 1, 0, 1}};

    // This barrier is used to transition a dest layout to general layout.
    VkImageMemoryBarrier generalMemoryBarrier = {
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
        NULL,
        VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT,
        VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT,
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
        VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
        VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
        data.image2,
        {VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 0, 1, 0, 1}};

    VkPipelineStageFlags srcStages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT;
    VkPipelineStageFlags dstStages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT;

    // The source image needs to be transitioned from present to transfer
    // source.
    pTableCommandBuffer->CmdPipelineBarrier(data.commandBuffer, srcStages,
                                            dstStages, 0, 0, NULL, 0, NULL, 1,
                                            &presentMemoryBarrier);

    // image2 needs to be transitioned from its undefined state to transfer
    // destination.
    pTableCommandBuffer->CmdPipelineBarrier(data.commandBuffer, srcStages,
                                            dstStages, 0, 0, NULL, 0, NULL, 1,
                                            &destMemoryBarrier);

    const VkImageCopy imageCopyRegion = {{VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 0, 0, 1},
                                         {0, 0, 0},
                                         {VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 0, 0, 1},
                                         {0, 0, 0},
                                         {width, height, 1}};

    if (copyOnly) {
        pTableCommandBuffer->CmdCopyImage(
            data.commandBuffer, image1, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL,
            data.image2, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, 1,
            &imageCopyRegion);
    } else {
        VkImageBlit imageBlitRegion = {};
        imageBlitRegion.srcSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
        imageBlitRegion.srcSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
        imageBlitRegion.srcSubresource.layerCount = 1;
        imageBlitRegion.srcSubresource.mipLevel = 0;
        imageBlitRegion.srcOffsets[1].x = width;
        imageBlitRegion.srcOffsets[1].y = height;
        imageBlitRegion.srcOffsets[1].z = 1;
        imageBlitRegion.dstSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
        imageBlitRegion.dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
        imageBlitRegion.dstSubresource.layerCount = 1;
        imageBlitRegion.dstSubresource.mipLevel = 0;
        imageBlitRegion.dstOffsets[1].x = width;
        imageBlitRegion.dstOffsets[1].y = height;
        imageBlitRegion.dstOffsets[1].z = 1;

        pTableCommandBuffer->CmdBlitImage(
            data.commandBuffer, image1, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL,
            data.image2, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, 1,
            &imageBlitRegion, VK_FILTER_NEAREST);
        if (need2steps) {
            // image 3 needs to be transitioned from its undefined state to a
            // transfer destination.
            destMemoryBarrier.image = data.image3;
            pTableCommandBuffer->CmdPipelineBarrier(
                data.commandBuffer, srcStages, dstStages, 0, 0, NULL, 0, NULL,
                1, &destMemoryBarrier);

            // Transition image2 so that it can be read for the upcoming copy to
            // image 3.
            destMemoryBarrier.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL;
            destMemoryBarrier.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL;
            destMemoryBarrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;
            destMemoryBarrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT;
            destMemoryBarrier.image = data.image2;
            pTableCommandBuffer->CmdPipelineBarrier(
                data.commandBuffer, srcStages, dstStages, 0, 0, NULL, 0, NULL,
                1, &destMemoryBarrier);

            // This step essentially untiles the image.
            pTableCommandBuffer->CmdCopyImage(
                data.commandBuffer, data.image2,
                VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL, data.image3,
                VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, 1, &imageCopyRegion);
            generalMemoryBarrier.image = data.image3;
        }
    }

    // The destination needs to be transitioned from the optimal copy format to
    // the format we can read with the CPU.
    pTableCommandBuffer->CmdPipelineBarrier(data.commandBuffer, srcStages,
                                            dstStages, 0, 0, NULL, 0, NULL, 1,
                                            &generalMemoryBarrier);

    // Restore the swap chain image layout to what it was before.
    // This may not be strictly needed, but it is generally good to restore
    // things to original state.
    presentMemoryBarrier.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL;
    presentMemoryBarrier.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR;
    presentMemoryBarrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT;
    presentMemoryBarrier.dstAccessMask = 0;
    pTableCommandBuffer->CmdPipelineBarrier(data.commandBuffer, srcStages,
                                            dstStages, 0, 0, NULL, 0, NULL, 1,
                                            &presentMemoryBarrier);

    err = pTableCommandBuffer->EndCommandBuffer(data.commandBuffer);
    assert(!err);

    VkFence nullFence = {VK_NULL_HANDLE};
    VkSubmitInfo submitInfo;
    submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
    submitInfo.pNext = NULL;
    submitInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 0;
    submitInfo.pWaitSemaphores = NULL;
    submitInfo.pWaitDstStageMask = NULL;
    submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
    submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &data.commandBuffer;
    submitInfo.signalSemaphoreCount = 0;
    submitInfo.pSignalSemaphores = NULL;

    err = pTableQueue->QueueSubmit(queue, 1, &submitInfo, nullFence);
    assert(!err);

    err = pTableQueue->QueueWaitIdle(queue);
    assert(!err);

    err = pTableDevice->DeviceWaitIdle(device);
    assert(!err);

    // Map the final image so that the CPU can read it.
    const VkImageSubresource sr = {VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 0, 0};
    VkSubresourceLayout srLayout;
    const char *ptr;
    if (!need2steps) {
        pTableDevice->GetImageSubresourceLayout(device, data.image2, &sr,
                                                &srLayout);
        err = pTableDevice->MapMemory(device, data.mem2, 0, VK_WHOLE_SIZE, 0,
                                      (void **)&ptr);
        assert(!err);
        if (VK_SUCCESS != err)
            return;
        data.mem2mapped = true;
    } else {
        pTableDevice->GetImageSubresourceLayout(device, data.image3, &sr,
                                                &srLayout);
        err = pTableDevice->MapMemory(device, data.mem3, 0, VK_WHOLE_SIZE, 0,
                                      (void **)&ptr);
        assert(!err);
        if (VK_SUCCESS != err)
            return;
        data.mem3mapped = true;
    }

    // Write the data to a PPM file.
    ofstream file(filename, ios::binary);
    file << "P6\n";
    file << width << "\n";
    file << height << "\n";
    file << 255 << "\n";

    ptr += srLayout.offset;
    if (3 == numChannels) {
        for (uint32_t y = 0; y < height; y++) {
            file.write(ptr, 3 * width);
            ptr += srLayout.rowPitch;
        }
    } else if (4 == numChannels) {
        for (uint32_t y = 0; y < height; y++) {
            const unsigned int *row = (const unsigned int *)ptr;
            for (uint32_t x = 0; x < width; x++) {
                file.write((char *)row, 3);
                row++;
            }
            ptr += srLayout.rowPitch;
        }
    }
    file.close();

    // Clean up handled by ~WritePPMCleanupData()
}