Пример #1
0
void Hamming_Code::decode(const bvec &coded_bits, bvec &decoded_bits)
{
    int length = coded_bits.length();
    int Itterations = floor_i(static_cast<double>(length) / n);
    ivec Hindexes(n);
    bvec temp(n - k);
    bvec coded(n), syndrome(n - k);
    int isynd, errorpos = 0;
    int i, j;

    decoded_bits.set_size(Itterations*k, false);

    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (j = 0; j < n - k; j++)
            temp(j) = H(j, i);
        Hindexes(i) = bin2dec(temp);
    }

    //Decode all codewords
    for (i = 0; i < Itterations; i++) {
        coded = coded_bits.mid(i * n, n);
        syndrome = H * coded;
        isynd = bin2dec(syndrome);
        if (isynd != 0) {
            for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
                if (Hindexes(j) == isynd) {
                    errorpos = j;
                };
            coded(errorpos) += 1;
        }
        decoded_bits.replace_mid(k*i, coded.right(k));
    }
}
Пример #2
0
bvec Extended_Golay::decode(const bvec &coded_bits)
{
    int no_bits = coded_bits.length();
    int no_blocks = (int)floor((double)no_bits/24);
    bvec output(12*no_blocks);
    int i;
    int j;
    bvec S(12),BS(12),r(12),temp(12),e(24),c(24);
    bmat eyetemp = eye_b(12);

    for (i=0; i<no_blocks; i++) {
	r = coded_bits.mid(i*24,24);
	// Step 1. Compute S=G*r.
	S = G*r;
	// Step 2. w(S)<=3. e=(S,0). Goto 8.
	if( weight(S) <= 3 ) {
	    e = concat(S, zeros_b(12)); goto Step8;
	}
	  
	// Step 3. w(S+Ii)<=2. e=(S+Ii,yi). Goto 8.
	for (j=0; j<12; j++) {
			
	    temp = S + B.get_col(j);
	    if ( weight(temp) <=2 ) {
		e = concat(temp, eyetemp.get_row(j)); goto Step8;
	    }
	}

	// STEP 4. Compute B*S
	BS = B*S;

	// Step 5. w(B*S)<=3. e=(0,BS). Goto8.
	if ( weight(BS) <=3 ) {
	    e = concat(zeros_b(12), BS); goto Step8;
	}

	// Step 6. w(BS+Ri)<=2. e=(xi,BS+Ri). Goto 8.
	for (j=0; j<12; j++) {
	    temp = BS + B.get_row(j);
	    if ( weight(temp) <=2 ) {
		e = concat(eyetemp.get_row(j), temp); goto Step8;
	    }
	}

	// Step 7. Uncorrectable erreor pattern. Choose the first 12 bits.
	e = zeros_b(24); goto Step8;
	  
    Step8: // Step 8. c=r+e. STOP
	c = r + e;
	output.replace_mid(i*12, c.left(12));
    }
  
    return output;
}
Пример #3
0
void BERC::estimate_delay(const bvec &in1, const bvec &in2, int mindelay,
                          int maxdelay)
{
  int num, start1, start2;
  int min_input_length = std::min(in1.length(), in2.length());
  int bestdelay = mindelay;
  double correlation;
  double bestcorr = 0;
  for (int i = mindelay; i < maxdelay; i++) {
    num = min_input_length - std::abs(i) - ignorefirst - ignorelast;
    start1 = (i < 0) ? -i : 0;
    start2 = (i > 0) ?  i : 0;
    correlation = fabs(sum(to_vec(elem_mult(in1.mid(start1, num),
                                            in2.mid(start2, num)))));
    if (correlation > bestcorr) {
      bestdelay = i;
      bestcorr  = correlation;
    }
  }
  delay = bestdelay;
}
Пример #4
0
bvec Extended_Golay::encode(const bvec &uncoded_bits)
{
    int no_bits = uncoded_bits.length();
    int no_blocks = (int)floor((double)no_bits/12);
    bvec output(24*no_blocks);
    int i;
	
    for (i=0; i<no_blocks; i++) 
	output.replace_mid(24*i, uncoded_bits.mid(i*12,12)*G);

    return output;
}
Пример #5
0
void Hamming_Code::encode(const bvec &uncoded_bits, bvec &coded_bits)
{
    int length = uncoded_bits.length();
    int Itterations = floor_i(static_cast<double>(length) / k);
    bmat Gt = G.T();
    int i;

    coded_bits.set_size(Itterations * n, false);
    //Code all codewords
    for (i = 0; i < Itterations; i++)
        coded_bits.replace_mid(n*i, Gt * uncoded_bits.mid(i*k, k));
}
Пример #6
0
void Reed_Solomon::encode(const bvec &uncoded_bits, bvec &coded_bits)
{
  int i, j, iterations = floor_i(static_cast<double>(uncoded_bits.length())
                                 / (k * m));
  GFX mx(q, k), cx(q, n);
  GFX r(n + 1, n - k);
  GFX uncoded_shifted(n + 1, n);
  GF mpow;
  bvec mbit(k * m), cbit(m);

  coded_bits.set_size(iterations * n * m, false);

  if (systematic)
    for (i = 0; i < n - k; i++)
      uncoded_shifted[i] = GF(n + 1, -1);

  for (i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
    //Fix the message polynom m(x).
    for (j = 0; j < k; j++) {
      mpow.set(q, uncoded_bits.mid((i * m * k) + (j * m), m));
      mx[j] = mpow;
      if (systematic) {
        cx[j] = mx[j];
        uncoded_shifted[j + n - k] = mx[j];
      }
    }
    //Fix the outputbits cbit.
    if (systematic) {
      r = modgfx(uncoded_shifted, g);
      for (j = k; j < n; j++) {
        cx[j] = r[j - k];
      }
    }
    else {
      cx = g * mx;
    }
    for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
      cbit = cx[j].get_vectorspace();
      coded_bits.replace_mid((i * n * m) + (j * m), cbit);
    }
  }
}
Пример #7
0
bool Reed_Solomon::decode(const bvec &coded_bits, const ivec &erasure_positions, bvec &decoded_message, bvec &cw_isvalid)
{
  bool decoderfailure, no_dec_failure;
  int j, i, kk, l, L, foundzeros, iterations = floor_i(static_cast<double>(coded_bits.length()) / (n * m));
  bvec mbit(m * k);
  decoded_message.set_size(iterations * k * m, false);
  cw_isvalid.set_length(iterations);

  GFX rx(q, n - 1), cx(q, n - 1), mx(q, k - 1), ex(q, n - 1), S(q, 2 * t), Xi(q, 2 * t), Gamma(q), Lambda(q),
      Psiprime(q), OldLambda(q), T(q), Omega(q);
  GFX dummy(q), One(q, (char*)"0"), Omegatemp(q);
  GF delta(q), tempsum(q), rtemp(q), temp(q), Xk(q), Xkinv(q);
  ivec errorpos;

  if ( erasure_positions.length() ) {
    it_assert(max(erasure_positions) < iterations*n, "Reed_Solomon::decode: erasure position is invalid.");
  }
  
  no_dec_failure = true;
  for (i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
    decoderfailure = false;
    //Fix the received polynomial r(x)
    for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
      rtemp.set(q, coded_bits.mid(i * n * m + j * m, m));
      rx[j] = rtemp;
    }
    // Fix the Erasure polynomial Gamma(x)
    // and replace erased coordinates with zeros
    rtemp.set(q, -1);
    ivec alphapow = - ones_i(2);
    Gamma = One;
    for (j = 0; j < erasure_positions.length(); j++) {
      rx[erasure_positions(j)] = rtemp;
      alphapow(1) = erasure_positions(j);
      Gamma *= (One - GFX(q, alphapow));
    }
    //Fix the syndrome polynomial S(x).
    S.clear();
    for (j = 1; j <= 2 * t; j++) {
      S[j] = rx(GF(q, b + j - 1));
    }
    // calculate the modified syndrome polynomial Xi(x) = Gamma * (1+S) - 1
    Xi = Gamma * (One + S) - One;
    // Apply Berlekam-Massey algorithm
    if (Xi.get_true_degree() >= 1) { //Errors in the received word
      // Iterate to find Lambda(x), which hold all error locations
      kk = 0;
      Lambda = One;
      L = 0;
      T = GFX(q, (char*)"-1 0");
      while (kk < 2 * t) {
        kk = kk + 1;
        tempsum = GF(q, -1);
        for (l = 1; l <= L; l++) {
          tempsum += Lambda[l] * Xi[kk - l];
        }
        delta = Xi[kk] - tempsum;
        if (delta != GF(q, -1)) {
          OldLambda = Lambda;
          Lambda -= delta * T;
          if (2 * L < kk) {
            L = kk - L;
            T = OldLambda / delta;
          }
        }
        T = GFX(q, (char*)"-1 0") * T;
      }
      // Find the zeros to Lambda(x)
      errorpos.set_size(Lambda.get_true_degree());
      foundzeros = 0;
      for (j = q - 2; j >= 0; j--) {
        if (Lambda(GF(q, j)) == GF(q, -1)) {
          errorpos(foundzeros) = (n - j) % n;
          foundzeros += 1;
          if (foundzeros >= Lambda.get_true_degree()) {
            break;
          }
        }
      }
      if (foundzeros != Lambda.get_true_degree()) {
        decoderfailure = true;
      }
      else { // Forney algorithm...
        //Compute Omega(x) using the key equation for RS-decoding
        Omega.set_degree(2 * t);
        Omegatemp = Lambda * (One + Xi);
        for (j = 0; j <= 2 * t; j++) {
          Omega[j] = Omegatemp[j];
        }
        //Find the error/erasure magnitude polynomial by treating them the same
        Psiprime = formal_derivate(Lambda*Gamma);
        errorpos = concat(errorpos, erasure_positions);
        ex.clear();
        for (j = 0; j < errorpos.length(); j++) {
          Xk = GF(q, errorpos(j));
          Xkinv = GF(q, 0) / Xk;
          // we calculate ex = - error polynomial, in order to avoid the 
          // subtraction when recunstructing the corrected codeword
          ex[errorpos(j)] = (Xk * Omega(Xkinv)) / Psiprime(Xkinv);
          if (b != 1) { // non-narrow-sense code needs corrected error magnitudes
            int correction_exp = ( errorpos(j)*(1-b) ) % n;
            ex[errorpos(j)] *= GF(q, correction_exp + ( (correction_exp < 0) ? n : 0 ));
          }
        }
        //Reconstruct the corrected codeword.
        // instead of subtracting the error/erasures, we calculated 
        // the negative error with 'ex' above
        cx = rx + ex;
        //Code word validation
        S.clear();
        for (j = 1; j <= 2 * t; j++) {
          S[j] = cx(GF(q, b + j - 1));
        }
        if (S.get_true_degree() >= 1) {
          decoderfailure = true;
        }
      }
    }
    else {
      cx = rx;
      decoderfailure = false;
    }
    //Find the message polynomial
    mbit.clear();
    if (decoderfailure == false) {
      if (cx.get_true_degree() >= 1) { // A nonzero codeword was transmitted
        if (systematic) {
          for (j = 0; j < k; j++) {
            mx[j] = cx[j];
          }
        }
        else {
          mx = divgfx(cx, g);
        }
        for (j = 0; j <= mx.get_true_degree(); j++) {
          mbit.replace_mid(j * m, mx[j].get_vectorspace());
        }
      }
    }
    else { //Decoder failure.
      // for a systematic code it is better to extract the undecoded message
      // from the received code word, i.e. obtaining a bit error
      // prob. p_b << 1/2, than setting all-zero (p_b = 1/2)
      if (systematic) {
        mbit = coded_bits.mid(i * n * m, k * m);
      }
      else {
        mbit = zeros_b(k);
      }
      no_dec_failure = false;
    }
    decoded_message.replace_mid(i * m * k, mbit);
    cw_isvalid(i) = (!decoderfailure);
  }
  return no_dec_failure;
}