void
acb_hypgeom_erf_propagated_error(mag_t re, mag_t im, const acb_t z)
{
mag_t x, y;
mag_init(x);
mag_init(y);
/* |exp(-(x+y)^2)| = exp(y^2-x^2) */
arb_get_mag(y, acb_imagref(z));
mag_mul(y, y, y);
arb_get_mag_lower(x, acb_realref(z));
mag_mul_lower(x, x, x);
if (mag_cmp(y, x) >= 0)
{
mag_sub(re, y, x);
mag_exp(re, re);
}
else
{
mag_sub_lower(re, x, y);
mag_expinv(re, re);
}
/* Radius. */
mag_hypot(x, arb_radref(acb_realref(z)), arb_radref(acb_imagref(z)));
mag_mul(re, re, x);
/* 2/sqrt(pi) < 289/256 */
mag_mul_ui(re, re, 289);
mag_mul_2exp_si(re, re, -8);
if (arb_is_zero(acb_imagref(z)))
{
/* todo: could bound magnitude even for complex numbers */
mag_set_ui(y, 2);
mag_min(re, re, y);
mag_zero(im);
}
else if (arb_is_zero(acb_realref(z)))
{
mag_swap(im, re);
mag_zero(re);
}
else
{
mag_set(im, re);
}
mag_clear(x);
mag_clear(y);
}
void
arb_sinc(arb_t z, const arb_t x, slong prec)
{
mag_t c, r;
mag_init(c);
mag_init(r);
mag_set_ui_2exp_si(c, 5, -1);
arb_get_mag_lower(r, x);
if (mag_cmp(c, r) < 0)
{
/* x is not near the origin */
_arb_sinc_direct(z, x, prec);
}
else if (mag_cmp_2exp_si(arb_radref(x), 1) < 0)
{
/* determine error magnitude using the derivative bound */
if (arb_is_exact(x))
{
mag_zero(c);
}
else
{
_arb_sinc_derivative_bound(r, x);
mag_mul(c, arb_radref(x), r);
}
/* evaluate sinc at the midpoint of x */
if (arf_is_zero(arb_midref(x)))
{
arb_one(z);
}
else
{
arb_get_mid_arb(z, x);
_arb_sinc_direct(z, z, prec);
}
/* add the error */
mag_add(arb_radref(z), arb_radref(z), c);
}
else
{
/* x has a large radius and includes points near the origin */
arf_zero(arb_midref(z));
mag_one(arb_radref(z));
}
mag_clear(c);
mag_clear(r);
}
void
arb_root_ui_algebraic(arb_t res, const arb_t x, ulong k, slong prec)
{
mag_t r, msubr, m1k, t;
if (arb_is_exact(x))
{
arb_root_arf(res, arb_midref(x), k, prec);
return;
}
if (!arb_is_nonnegative(x))
{
arb_indeterminate(res);
return;
}
mag_init(r);
mag_init(msubr);
mag_init(m1k);
mag_init(t);
/* x = [m-r, m+r] */
mag_set(r, arb_radref(x));
/* m - r */
arb_get_mag_lower(msubr, x);
/* m^(1/k) */
arb_root_arf(res, arb_midref(x), k, prec);
/* bound for m^(1/k) */
arb_get_mag(m1k, res);
/* C = min(1, log(1+r/(m-r))/k) */
mag_div(t, r, msubr);
mag_log1p(t, t);
mag_div_ui(t, t, k);
if (mag_cmp_2exp_si(t, 0) > 0)
mag_one(t);
/* C m^(1/k) */
mag_mul(t, m1k, t);
mag_add(arb_radref(res), arb_radref(res), t);
mag_clear(r);
mag_clear(msubr);
mag_clear(m1k);
mag_clear(t);
}
void
arb_div(arb_t z, const arb_t x, const arb_t y, long prec)
{
mag_t zr, xm, ym, yl, yw;
int inexact;
if (arb_is_exact(y))
{
arb_div_arf(z, x, arb_midref(y), prec);
}
else if (mag_is_inf(arb_radref(x)) || mag_is_inf(arb_radref(y)))
{
arf_div(arb_midref(z), arb_midref(x), arb_midref(y), prec, ARB_RND);
mag_inf(arb_radref(z));
}
else
{
mag_init_set_arf(xm, arb_midref(x));
mag_init_set_arf(ym, arb_midref(y));
mag_init(zr);
mag_init(yl);
mag_init(yw);
/* (|x|*yrad + |y|*xrad)/(y*(|y|-yrad)) */
mag_mul(zr, xm, arb_radref(y));
mag_addmul(zr, ym, arb_radref(x));
arb_get_mag_lower(yw, y);
arf_get_mag_lower(yl, arb_midref(y));
mag_mul_lower(yl, yl, yw);
mag_div(zr, zr, yl);
inexact = arf_div(arb_midref(z), arb_midref(x), arb_midref(y), prec, ARB_RND);
if (inexact)
arf_mag_add_ulp(arb_radref(z), zr, arb_midref(z), prec);
else
mag_swap(arb_radref(z), zr);
mag_clear(xm);
mag_clear(ym);
mag_clear(zr);
mag_clear(yl);
mag_clear(yw);
}
}
void
arb_atan(arb_t z, const arb_t x, slong prec)
{
if (arb_is_exact(x))
{
arb_atan_arf(z, arb_midref(x), prec);
}
else
{
mag_t t, u;
mag_init(t);
mag_init(u);
arb_get_mag_lower(t, x);
if (mag_is_zero(t))
{
mag_set(t, arb_radref(x));
}
else
{
mag_mul_lower(t, t, t);
mag_one(u);
mag_add_lower(t, t, u);
mag_div(t, arb_radref(x), t);
}
if (mag_cmp_2exp_si(t, 0) > 0)
{
mag_const_pi(u);
mag_min(t, t, u);
}
arb_atan_arf(z, arb_midref(x), prec);
mag_add(arb_radref(z), arb_radref(z), t);
mag_clear(t);
mag_clear(u);
}
}
int main()
{
slong iter;
flint_rand_t state;
flint_printf("frobenius_norm....");
fflush(stdout);
flint_randinit(state);
/* compare to the exact rational norm */
for (iter = 0; iter < 10000 * arb_test_multiplier(); iter++)
{
fmpq_mat_t Q;
fmpq_t q;
arb_mat_t A;
slong n, qbits, prec;
n = n_randint(state, 8);
qbits = 1 + n_randint(state, 100);
prec = 2 + n_randint(state, 200);
fmpq_mat_init(Q, n, n);
fmpq_init(q);
arb_mat_init(A, n, n);
fmpq_mat_randtest(Q, state, qbits);
_fmpq_mat_sum_of_squares(q, Q);
arb_mat_set_fmpq_mat(A, Q, prec);
/* check that the arb interval contains the exact value */
{
arb_t a;
arb_init(a);
arb_mat_frobenius_norm(a, A, prec);
arb_mul(a, a, a, prec);
if (!arb_contains_fmpq(a, q))
{
flint_printf("FAIL (containment, iter = %wd)\n", iter);
flint_printf("n = %wd, prec = %wd\n", n, prec);
flint_printf("\n");
flint_printf("Q = \n");
fmpq_mat_print(Q);
flint_printf("\n\n");
flint_printf("frobenius_norm(Q)^2 = \n");
fmpq_print(q);
flint_printf("\n\n");
flint_printf("A = \n");
arb_mat_printd(A, 15);
flint_printf("\n\n");
flint_printf("frobenius_norm(A)^2 = \n");
arb_printd(a, 15);
flint_printf("\n\n");
flint_printf("frobenius_norm(A)^2 = \n");
arb_print(a);
flint_printf("\n\n");
abort();
}
arb_clear(a);
}
/* check that the upper bound is not less than the exact value */
{
mag_t b;
fmpq_t y;
mag_init(b);
fmpq_init(y);
arb_mat_bound_frobenius_norm(b, A);
mag_mul(b, b, b);
mag_get_fmpq(y, b);
if (fmpq_cmp(q, y) > 0)
{
flint_printf("FAIL (bound, iter = %wd)\n", iter);
flint_printf("n = %wd, prec = %wd\n", n, prec);
flint_printf("\n");
flint_printf("Q = \n");
fmpq_mat_print(Q);
flint_printf("\n\n");
flint_printf("frobenius_norm(Q)^2 = \n");
fmpq_print(q);
flint_printf("\n\n");
flint_printf("A = \n");
arb_mat_printd(A, 15);
flint_printf("\n\n");
flint_printf("bound_frobenius_norm(A)^2 = \n");
mag_printd(b, 15);
flint_printf("\n\n");
flint_printf("bound_frobenius_norm(A)^2 = \n");
mag_print(b);
flint_printf("\n\n");
abort();
}
mag_clear(b);
fmpq_clear(y);
}
fmpq_mat_clear(Q);
fmpq_clear(q);
arb_mat_clear(A);
}
/* check trace(A^T A) = frobenius_norm(A)^2 */
for (iter = 0; iter < 10000 * arb_test_multiplier(); iter++)
{
slong m, n, prec;
arb_mat_t A, AT, ATA;
arb_t t;
prec = 2 + n_randint(state, 200);
m = n_randint(state, 10);
n = n_randint(state, 10);
arb_mat_init(A, m, n);
arb_mat_init(AT, n, m);
arb_mat_init(ATA, n, n);
arb_init(t);
arb_mat_randtest(A, state, 2 + n_randint(state, 100), 10);
arb_mat_transpose(AT, A);
arb_mat_mul(ATA, AT, A, prec);
arb_mat_trace(t, ATA, prec);
arb_sqrt(t, t, prec);
/* check the norm bound */
{
mag_t low, frobenius;
mag_init(low);
arb_get_mag_lower(low, t);
mag_init(frobenius);
arb_mat_bound_frobenius_norm(frobenius, A);
if (mag_cmp(low, frobenius) > 0)
{
flint_printf("FAIL (bound)\n", iter);
flint_printf("m = %wd, n = %wd, prec = %wd\n", m, n, prec);
flint_printf("\n");
flint_printf("A = \n");
arb_mat_printd(A, 15);
flint_printf("\n\n");
flint_printf("lower(sqrt(trace(A^T A))) = \n");
mag_printd(low, 15);
flint_printf("\n\n");
flint_printf("bound_frobenius_norm(A) = \n");
mag_printd(frobenius, 15);
flint_printf("\n\n");
abort();
}
mag_clear(low);
mag_clear(frobenius);
}
/* check the norm interval */
{
arb_t frobenius;
arb_init(frobenius);
arb_mat_frobenius_norm(frobenius, A, prec);
if (!arb_overlaps(t, frobenius))
{
flint_printf("FAIL (overlap)\n", iter);
flint_printf("m = %wd, n = %wd, prec = %wd\n", m, n, prec);
flint_printf("\n");
flint_printf("A = \n");
arb_mat_printd(A, 15);
flint_printf("\n\n");
flint_printf("sqrt(trace(A^T A)) = \n");
arb_printd(t, 15);
flint_printf("\n\n");
flint_printf("frobenius_norm(A) = \n");
arb_printd(frobenius, 15);
flint_printf("\n\n");
abort();
}
arb_clear(frobenius);
}
arb_mat_clear(A);
arb_mat_clear(AT);
arb_mat_clear(ATA);
arb_clear(t);
}
flint_randclear(state);
flint_cleanup();
flint_printf("PASS\n");
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
void
acb_inv(acb_t res, const acb_t z, slong prec)
{
mag_t am, bm;
slong hprec;
#define a arb_midref(acb_realref(z))
#define b arb_midref(acb_imagref(z))
#define x arb_radref(acb_realref(z))
#define y arb_radref(acb_imagref(z))
/* choose precision for the floating-point approximation of a^2+b^2 so
that the double rounding result in less than
2 ulp error; also use at least MAG_BITS bits since the
value will be recycled for error bounds */
hprec = FLINT_MAX(prec + 3, MAG_BITS);
if (arb_is_zero(acb_imagref(z)))
{
arb_inv(acb_realref(res), acb_realref(z), prec);
arb_zero(acb_imagref(res));
return;
}
if (arb_is_zero(acb_realref(z)))
{
arb_inv(acb_imagref(res), acb_imagref(z), prec);
arb_neg(acb_imagref(res), acb_imagref(res));
arb_zero(acb_realref(res));
return;
}
if (!acb_is_finite(z))
{
acb_indeterminate(res);
return;
}
if (mag_is_zero(x) && mag_is_zero(y))
{
int inexact;
arf_t a2b2;
arf_init(a2b2);
inexact = arf_sosq(a2b2, a, b, hprec, ARF_RND_DOWN);
if (arf_is_special(a2b2))
{
acb_indeterminate(res);
}
else
{
_arb_arf_div_rounded_den(acb_realref(res), a, a2b2, inexact, prec);
_arb_arf_div_rounded_den(acb_imagref(res), b, a2b2, inexact, prec);
arf_neg(arb_midref(acb_imagref(res)), arb_midref(acb_imagref(res)));
}
arf_clear(a2b2);
return;
}
mag_init(am);
mag_init(bm);
/* first bound |a|-x, |b|-y */
arb_get_mag_lower(am, acb_realref(z));
arb_get_mag_lower(bm, acb_imagref(z));
if ((mag_is_zero(am) && mag_is_zero(bm)))
{
acb_indeterminate(res);
}
else
{
/*
The propagated error in the real part is given exactly by
(a+x')/((a+x')^2+(b+y'))^2 - a/(a^2+b^2) = P / Q,
P = [(b^2-a^2) x' - a (x'^2+y'^2 + 2y'b)]
Q = [(a^2+b^2)((a+x')^2+(b+y')^2)]
where |x'| <= x and |y'| <= y, and analogously for the imaginary part.
*/
mag_t t, u, v, w;
arf_t a2b2;
int inexact;
mag_init(t);
mag_init(u);
mag_init(v);
mag_init(w);
arf_init(a2b2);
inexact = arf_sosq(a2b2, a, b, hprec, ARF_RND_DOWN);
/* compute denominator */
/* t = (|a|-x)^2 + (|b|-x)^2 (lower bound) */
mag_mul_lower(t, am, am);
mag_mul_lower(u, bm, bm);
mag_add_lower(t, t, u);
/* u = a^2 + b^2 (lower bound) */
arf_get_mag_lower(u, a2b2);
/* t = ((|a|-x)^2 + (|b|-x)^2)(a^2 + b^2) (lower bound) */
mag_mul_lower(t, t, u);
/* compute numerator */
/* real: |a^2-b^2| x + |a| ((x^2 + y^2) + 2 |b| y)) */
/* imag: |a^2-b^2| y + |b| ((x^2 + y^2) + 2 |a| x)) */
/* am, bm = upper bounds for a, b */
arf_get_mag(am, a);
arf_get_mag(bm, b);
/* v = x^2 + y^2 */
mag_mul(v, x, x);
mag_addmul(v, y, y);
/* u = |a| ((x^2 + y^2) + 2 |b| y) */
mag_mul_2exp_si(u, bm, 1);
mag_mul(u, u, y);
mag_add(u, u, v);
mag_mul(u, u, am);
/* v = |b| ((x^2 + y^2) + 2 |a| x) */
mag_mul_2exp_si(w, am, 1);
mag_addmul(v, w, x);
mag_mul(v, v, bm);
/* w = |b^2 - a^2| (upper bound) */
if (arf_cmpabs(a, b) >= 0)
mag_mul(w, am, am);
else
mag_mul(w, bm, bm);
mag_addmul(u, w, x);
mag_addmul(v, w, y);
mag_div(arb_radref(acb_realref(res)), u, t);
mag_div(arb_radref(acb_imagref(res)), v, t);
_arb_arf_div_rounded_den_add_err(acb_realref(res), a, a2b2, inexact, prec);
_arb_arf_div_rounded_den_add_err(acb_imagref(res), b, a2b2, inexact, prec);
arf_neg(arb_midref(acb_imagref(res)), arb_midref(acb_imagref(res)));
mag_clear(t);
mag_clear(u);
mag_clear(v);
mag_clear(w);
arf_clear(a2b2);
}
mag_clear(am);
mag_clear(bm);
#undef a
#undef b
#undef x
#undef y
}
/* computes the factors that are independent of n (all are upper bounds) */
void
acb_hypgeom_u_asymp_bound_factors(int * R, mag_t alpha,
mag_t nu, mag_t sigma, mag_t rho, mag_t zinv,
const acb_t a, const acb_t b, const acb_t z)
{
mag_t r, u, zre, zim, zlo, sigma_prime;
acb_t t;
mag_init(r);
mag_init(u);
mag_init(zre);
mag_init(zim);
mag_init(zlo);
mag_init(sigma_prime);
acb_init(t);
/* lower bounds for |re(z)|, |im(z)|, |z| */
arb_get_mag_lower(zre, acb_realref(z));
arb_get_mag_lower(zim, acb_imagref(z));
acb_get_mag_lower(zlo, z); /* todo: hypot */
/* upper bound for 1/|z| */
mag_one(u);
mag_div(zinv, u, zlo);
/* upper bound for r = |b - 2a| */
acb_mul_2exp_si(t, a, 1);
acb_sub(t, b, t, MAG_BITS);
acb_get_mag(r, t);
/* determine region */
*R = 0;
if (mag_cmp(zlo, r) >= 0)
{
int znonneg = arb_is_nonnegative(acb_realref(z));
if (znonneg && mag_cmp(zre, r) >= 0)
{
*R = 1;
}
else if (mag_cmp(zim, r) >= 0 || znonneg)
{
*R = 2;
}
else
{
mag_mul_2exp_si(u, r, 1);
if (mag_cmp(zlo, u) >= 0)
*R = 3;
}
}
if (R == 0)
{
mag_inf(alpha);
mag_inf(nu);
mag_inf(sigma);
mag_inf(rho);
}
else
{
/* sigma = |(b-2a)/z| */
mag_mul(sigma, r, zinv);
/* nu = (1/2 + 1/2 sqrt(1-4 sigma^2))^(-1/2) <= 1 + 2 sigma^2 */
if (mag_cmp_2exp_si(sigma, -1) <= 0)
{
mag_mul(nu, sigma, sigma);
mag_mul_2exp_si(nu, nu, 1);
mag_one(u);
mag_add(nu, nu, u);
}
else
{
mag_inf(nu);
}
/* modified sigma for alpha, beta, rho when in R3 */
if (*R == 3)
mag_mul(sigma_prime, sigma, nu);
else
mag_set(sigma_prime, sigma);
/* alpha = 1/(1-sigma') */
mag_one(alpha);
mag_sub_lower(alpha, alpha, sigma_prime);
mag_one(u);
mag_div(alpha, u, alpha);
/* rho = |2a^2-2ab+b|/2 + sigma'*(1+sigma'/4)/(1-sigma')^2 */
mag_mul_2exp_si(rho, sigma_prime, -2);
mag_one(u);
mag_add(rho, rho, u);
mag_mul(rho, rho, sigma_prime);
mag_mul(rho, rho, alpha);
mag_mul(rho, rho, alpha);
acb_sub(t, a, b, MAG_BITS);
acb_mul(t, t, a, MAG_BITS);
acb_mul_2exp_si(t, t, 1);
acb_add(t, t, b, MAG_BITS);
acb_get_mag(u, t);
mag_mul_2exp_si(u, u, -1);
mag_add(rho, rho, u);
}
mag_clear(r);
mag_clear(u);
mag_clear(zre);
mag_clear(zim);
mag_clear(zlo);
mag_clear(sigma_prime);
acb_clear(t);
}