int check_shortname()
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
if (!capital(shortName[i]) || shortName[i]==0)
return 1;
return 0;
}
//changes alphabetical char from alpha to ascii number
char toAscii(char alphaChar)
{
int asciiChar = alphaChar;
if(capital(alphaChar) == 1)
asciiChar += 65;
if(lowerCase(alphaChar) == 1)
asciiChar += 97;
return asciiChar;
}
//changes alphabetical char from ascii to alpha number
char toAlpha(char asciiChar)
{
int alphaNum = asciiChar;
if(capital(asciiChar) == 1)
alphaNum -= 65;
if(lowerCase(asciiChar) == 1)
alphaNum -= 97;
return alphaNum;
}
char *cap_strnzcpy(char *s1, char *s2, int n)
{
char *temp = s1;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
if (lower_p(*s2))
*s1++ = capital(*s2++);
else
*s1++ = *s2++;
}
*s1 = '\0';
return (temp);
}
int main(void)
{
//asks user for name and stores in string
printf("What is your name?\n");
char* name = GetString();
//loops through each letter in the string
for (int i = 0, n = strlen(name); i < n; i++)
{
char initial;
//if the char is a space, go to next letter and print in uppercase
if (space(name[i]) == 1 && (capital(name[i + 1]) == 1 || lowerCase(name[i + 1]) == 1))
{
initial = name[i + 1];
printf("%c", toupper(initial));
}
}
printf("\n");
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
//stops the program if there are no command line arguments
if (argc != 2)
{
printf("You must enter an argument.\n");
return 1;
}
else
{
//key is changed to integer
int k = atoi(argv[1]);
printf("Enter a string you would like to encrypt with Caesar's cipher: \n");
//gets the string from the user that we would like to encrypt
char* s = GetString();
char cipheredNum;
int result;
//loops through each char of the string
for (int i = 0, n = strlen(s); i < n; i++)
{
//if the char is a capital or lowercase letter
if (capital(s[i]) == 1 || lowerCase(s[i]) == 1)
{
//change to alphanumeric value, run the cipher, then change back to ascii
int alphaNum = toAlpha(s[i]);
cipheredNum = cipher(alphaNum, k);
result = toAscii(cipheredNum);
}
//if the char is neither capital or lowercase, it stays the same
else
result = s[i];
//prints the ciphered char before moving on to next char
printf("%c", result);
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
}
int main(void)
{
int i, len;
char slogan[MAXLEN];
/***** puts entered slogan into a string *****/
printf("> Enter a slogan: ");
scanf("%s", slogan);
printf("\n\n");
/***** gives length of string *****/
len = strlen(slogan);
/***** prints first part of cheer *****/
i=0;
while (i<len) {
printf("Give me a ... %c\n", slogan[i]);
i++;
}
printf("\n\n");
/***** Makes all letter capital *****/
capital(len, slogan);
/***** prints second part of cheer *****/
printf("What does that spell?! %s!\n\n", slogan);
return (0);
}
void AssetAllocationModel::BuildCplexModel(IloEnv &env, IloModel &model, IloExpr &objective, unsigned int stage, const double *prev_decisions, const double *scenario, vector<IloNumVar> &decision_vars, vector<IloRange> &dual_constraints) const {
//assets count N
unsigned int assets = GetAssetsCount();
bool root_node = (stage == 1);
bool last_stage = (stage == GetStagesCount());
double conf_inv = 1 - param_.confidence;
double conf_inv_other = 1 - param_.confidence_other;
IloNumVarArray x(env, assets);
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < assets; ++i) {
//zero lower bound
x[i] = IloNumVar(env, 0.0);
//max profit = min negative loss
if (!root_node) {
switch (param_.risk_measure) {
case RISK_CVAR_NESTED:
objective += -1 * x[i];
break;
case RISK_CVAR_MULTIPERIOD:
objective += -1 * param_.expectation_coefficients[stage - 1] * x[i];
break;
}
}
decision_vars.push_back(x[i]);
}
model.add(x);
//var c = positive value in the cvar
IloNumVar c(env, 0.0);
if (!root_node && (param_.risk_measure == RISK_CVAR_MULTIPERIOD)) {
//objective with risk aversion coef lambda
objective += param_.risk_coefficients[stage - 1] / conf_inv * c;
model.add(c);
}
//var c_other = positive value in the cvar
IloNumVar c_other(env, 0.0);
if (!root_node && (param_.risk_measure == RISK_CVAR_MULTIPERIOD)) {
//objective with risk aversion coef lambda
objective += param_.risk_coefficients_other[stage - 1] / conf_inv_other * c_other;
model.add(c_other);
}
//var var = variable to calculate CVaR = VaR level
IloNumVar var(env, GetRecourseLowerBound(stage), GetRecourseUpperBound(stage));
//objective according to the risk aversion lambda
if (!last_stage) {
//last stage has no recourse
objective += param_.risk_coefficients[stage] * var;
}
model.add(var);
decision_vars.push_back(var);
//var var_other = variable to calculate CVaR = VaR level
IloNumVar var_other(env, GetRecourseLowerBound(stage), GetRecourseUpperBound(stage));
//objective according to the risk aversion lambda
if (!last_stage) {
//last stage has no recourse
objective += param_.risk_coefficients_other[stage] * var_other;
}
model.add(var_other);
decision_vars.push_back(var_other);
//transaction costs dummy variable
IloNumVarArray trans(env, assets);
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < assets; ++i) {
//zero lower bound
trans[i] = IloNumVar(env, 0.0);
}
if (!root_node) {
model.add(trans);
}
//constraint capital = sum of the weights equals initial capital one
IloExpr cap_expr(env);
double transaction_coef = param_.transaction_costs;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < assets; ++i) {
cap_expr += x[i];
if (!root_node) {
cap_expr += transaction_coef * trans[i];
}
}
double total_capital;
if (root_node) {
//no parent, init the capital with 1
total_capital = 1.0;
}
else {
//sum up the capital under this scenario
total_capital = CalculateCapital(prev_decisions, scenario);
}
IloRange capital(env, total_capital, cap_expr, total_capital);
model.add(capital);
dual_constraints.push_back(capital);
//constraint transaction costs
IloRangeArray costs_pos(env);
IloRangeArray costs_neg(env);
if (!root_node) {
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < assets; ++i) {
//current position in asset i
double parent_value = scenario[i] * prev_decisions[i]; //decisions and scenarios have the same order here, decisions start with allocations
//positive and negative part of linearization for absolute value
IloExpr cost_expr_pos(env);
IloExpr cost_expr_neg(env);
cost_expr_pos += x[i];
cost_expr_pos += -1 * trans[i];
cost_expr_neg += -1 * x[i];
cost_expr_neg += -1 * trans[i];
costs_pos.add(IloRange(env, cost_expr_pos, parent_value));
costs_neg.add(IloRange(env, cost_expr_neg, -parent_value));
dual_constraints.push_back(costs_pos[i]);
dual_constraints.push_back(costs_neg[i]);
}
model.add(costs_pos);
model.add(costs_neg);
}
//contraint the positive part "c" of the CVaR value
IloExpr cvar_expr(env);
IloRange cvar;
if (!root_node && (param_.risk_measure == RISK_CVAR_MULTIPERIOD)) {
cvar_expr += c; //the varible itself
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < assets; ++i) {
cvar_expr += x[i]; //-c transp x
}
double parent_var = prev_decisions[assets]; //var is right after the allocations in decision vector
cvar = IloRange(env, -parent_var, cvar_expr); //previous value at risk
model.add(cvar);
dual_constraints.push_back(cvar);
}
//contraint the positive part "c_other" of the CVaR value
IloExpr cvar_expr_other(env);
IloRange cvar_other;
if (!root_node && (param_.risk_measure == RISK_CVAR_MULTIPERIOD)) {
cvar_expr_other += c_other; //the varible itself
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < assets; ++i) {
cvar_expr_other += x[i]; //-c transp x
}
double parent_var_other = prev_decisions[assets + 1]; //var_other is right after var in the decisions vector
cvar_other = IloRange(env, -parent_var_other, cvar_expr_other); //previous value at risk
model.add(cvar_other);
dual_constraints.push_back(cvar_other);
}
}
