/*
* DFE: Measures the TSC frequency in Hz (64-bit) using the ACPI PM timer
*/
static uint64_t measure_tsc_frequency(void)
{
uint64_t tscStart;
uint64_t tscEnd;
uint64_t tscDelta = 0xffffffffffffffffULL;
unsigned long pollCount;
uint64_t retval = 0;
int i;
/* Time how many TSC ticks elapse in 30 msec using the 8254 PIT
* counter 2. We run this loop 3 times to make sure the cache
* is hot and we take the minimum delta from all of the runs.
* That is to say that we're biased towards measuring the minimum
* number of TSC ticks that occur while waiting for the timer to
* expire. That theoretically helps avoid inconsistencies when
* running under a VM if the TSC is not virtualized and the host
* steals time. The TSC is normally virtualized for VMware.
*/
for(i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
{
enable_PIT2();
set_PIT2_mode0(CALIBRATE_LATCH);
tscStart = rdtsc64();
pollCount = poll_PIT2_gate();
tscEnd = rdtsc64();
/* The poll loop must have run at least a few times for accuracy */
if (pollCount <= 1)
continue;
/* The TSC must increment at LEAST once every millisecond.
* We should have waited exactly 30 msec so the TSC delta should
* be >= 30. Anything less and the processor is way too slow.
*/
if ((tscEnd - tscStart) <= CALIBRATE_TIME_MSEC)
continue;
// tscDelta = MIN(tscDelta, (tscEnd - tscStart))
if ( (tscEnd - tscStart) < tscDelta )
tscDelta = tscEnd - tscStart;
}
/* tscDelta is now the least number of TSC ticks the processor made in
* a timespan of 0.03 s (e.g. 30 milliseconds)
* Linux thus divides by 30 which gives the answer in kiloHertz because
* 1 / ms = kHz. But we're xnu and most of the rest of the code uses
* Hz so we need to convert our milliseconds to seconds. Since we're
* dividing by the milliseconds, we simply multiply by 1000.
*/
/* Unlike linux, we're not limited to 32-bit, but we do need to take care
* that we're going to multiply by 1000 first so we do need at least some
* arithmetic headroom. For now, 32-bit should be enough.
* Also unlike Linux, our compiler can do 64-bit integer arithmetic.
*/
if (tscDelta > (1ULL<<32))
retval = 0;
else
{
retval = tscDelta * 1000 / 30;
}
disable_PIT2();
return retval;
}
/*
* Original comment/code:
* "DFE: Measures the Max Performance Frequency in Hz (64-bit)"
*
* Measures the Actual Performance Frequency in Hz (64-bit)
* (just a naming change, mperf --> aperf )
*/
static uint64_t measure_aperf_frequency(void)
{
uint64_t aperfStart;
uint64_t aperfEnd;
uint64_t aperfDelta = 0xffffffffffffffffULL;
unsigned long pollCount;
uint64_t retval = 0;
int i;
/* Time how many APERF ticks elapse in 30 msec using the 8254 PIT
* counter 2. We run this loop 3 times to make sure the cache
* is hot and we take the minimum delta from all of the runs.
* That is to say that we're biased towards measuring the minimum
* number of APERF ticks that occur while waiting for the timer to
* expire.
*/
for(i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
{
enable_PIT2();
set_PIT2_mode0(CALIBRATE_LATCH);
aperfStart = rdmsr64(MSR_AMD_APERF);
pollCount = poll_PIT2_gate();
aperfEnd = rdmsr64(MSR_AMD_APERF);
/* The poll loop must have run at least a few times for accuracy */
if (pollCount <= 1)
{
continue;
}
/* The TSC must increment at LEAST once every millisecond.
* We should have waited exactly 30 msec so the APERF delta should
* be >= 30. Anything less and the processor is way too slow.
*/
if ((aperfEnd - aperfStart) <= CALIBRATE_TIME_MSEC)
{
continue;
}
// tscDelta = MIN(tscDelta, (tscEnd - tscStart))
if ( (aperfEnd - aperfStart) < aperfDelta )
{
aperfDelta = aperfEnd - aperfStart;
}
}
/* mperfDelta is now the least number of MPERF ticks the processor made in
* a timespan of 0.03 s (e.g. 30 milliseconds)
*/
if (aperfDelta > (1ULL<<32))
{
retval = 0;
}
else
{
retval = aperfDelta * 1000 / 30;
}
disable_PIT2();
return retval;
}
/*
* timeRDTSC()
* This routine sets up PIT counter 2 to count down 1/20 of a second.
* It pauses until the value is latched in the counter
* and then reads the time stamp counter to return to the caller.
*/
uint64_t timeRDTSC(void)
{
int attempts = 0;
uint64_t latchTime;
uint64_t saveTime,intermediate;
unsigned int timerValue, lastValue;
//boolean_t int_enabled;
/*
* Table of correction factors to account for
* - timer counter quantization errors, and
* - undercounts 0..5
*/
#define SAMPLE_CLKS_EXACT (((double) CLKNUM) / 20.0)
#define SAMPLE_CLKS_INT ((int) CLKNUM / 20)
#define SAMPLE_NSECS (2000000000LL)
#define SAMPLE_MULTIPLIER (((double)SAMPLE_NSECS)*SAMPLE_CLKS_EXACT)
#define ROUND64(x) ((uint64_t)((x) + 0.5))
uint64_t scale[6] = {
ROUND64(SAMPLE_MULTIPLIER/(double)(SAMPLE_CLKS_INT-0)),
ROUND64(SAMPLE_MULTIPLIER/(double)(SAMPLE_CLKS_INT-1)),
ROUND64(SAMPLE_MULTIPLIER/(double)(SAMPLE_CLKS_INT-2)),
ROUND64(SAMPLE_MULTIPLIER/(double)(SAMPLE_CLKS_INT-3)),
ROUND64(SAMPLE_MULTIPLIER/(double)(SAMPLE_CLKS_INT-4)),
ROUND64(SAMPLE_MULTIPLIER/(double)(SAMPLE_CLKS_INT-5))
};
//int_enabled = ml_set_interrupts_enabled(FALSE);
restart:
if (attempts >= 9) // increase to up to 9 attempts.
{
// This will flash-reboot. TODO: Use tscPanic instead.
printf("Timestamp counter calibation failed with %d attempts\n", attempts);
}
attempts++;
enable_PIT2(); // turn on PIT2
set_PIT2(0); // reset timer 2 to be zero
latchTime = rdtsc64(); // get the time stamp to time
latchTime = get_PIT2(&timerValue) - latchTime; // time how long this takes
set_PIT2(SAMPLE_CLKS_INT); // set up the timer for (almost) 1/20th a second
saveTime = rdtsc64(); // now time how long a 20th a second is...
get_PIT2(&lastValue);
get_PIT2(&lastValue); // read twice, first value may be unreliable
do {
intermediate = get_PIT2(&timerValue);
if (timerValue > lastValue)
{
// Timer wrapped
set_PIT2(0);
disable_PIT2();
goto restart;
}
lastValue = timerValue;
} while (timerValue > 5);
printf("timerValue %d\n",timerValue);
printf("intermediate 0x%016llx\n",intermediate);
printf("saveTime 0x%016llx\n",saveTime);
intermediate -= saveTime; // raw count for about 1/20 second
intermediate *= scale[timerValue]; // rescale measured time spent
intermediate /= SAMPLE_NSECS; // so its exactly 1/20 a second
intermediate += latchTime; // add on our save fudge
set_PIT2(0); // reset timer 2 to be zero
disable_PIT2(); // turn off PIT 2
//ml_set_interrupts_enabled(int_enabled);
return intermediate;
}