int lpx_dual_ratio_test(LPX *lp, int len, const int ind[],
const double val[], int how, double tol)
{ /* perform dual ratio test */
int piv;
piv = glp_dual_rtest(lp, len, ind, val, how, tol);
xassert(0 <= piv && piv <= len);
return piv == 0 ? 0 : ind[piv];
}
static int branch_drtom(glp_tree *T, int *_next)
{ glp_prob *mip = T->mip;
int m = mip->m;
int n = mip->n;
char *non_int = T->non_int;
int j, jj, k, t, next, kase, len, stat, *ind;
double x, dk, alfa, delta_j, delta_k, delta_z, dz_dn, dz_up,
dd_dn, dd_up, degrad, *val;
/* basic solution of LP relaxation must be optimal */
xassert(glp_get_status(mip) == GLP_OPT);
/* allocate working arrays */
ind = xcalloc(1+n, sizeof(int));
val = xcalloc(1+n, sizeof(double));
/* nothing has been chosen so far */
jj = 0, degrad = -1.0;
/* walk through the list of columns (structural variables) */
for (j = 1; j <= n; j++)
{ /* if j-th column is not marked as fractional, skip it */
if (!non_int[j]) continue;
/* obtain (fractional) value of j-th column in basic solution
of LP relaxation */
x = glp_get_col_prim(mip, j);
/* since the value of j-th column is fractional, the column is
basic; compute corresponding row of the simplex table */
len = glp_eval_tab_row(mip, m+j, ind, val);
/* the following fragment computes a change in the objective
function: delta Z = new Z - old Z, where old Z is the
objective value in the current optimal basis, and new Z is
the objective value in the adjacent basis, for two cases:
1) if new upper bound ub' = floor(x[j]) is introduced for
j-th column (down branch);
2) if new lower bound lb' = ceil(x[j]) is introduced for
j-th column (up branch);
since in both cases the solution remaining dual feasible
becomes primal infeasible, one implicit simplex iteration
is performed to determine the change delta Z;
it is obvious that new Z, which is never better than old Z,
is a lower (minimization) or upper (maximization) bound of
the objective function for down- and up-branches. */
for (kase = -1; kase <= +1; kase += 2)
{ /* if kase < 0, the new upper bound of x[j] is introduced;
in this case x[j] should decrease in order to leave the
basis and go to its new upper bound */
/* if kase > 0, the new lower bound of x[j] is introduced;
in this case x[j] should increase in order to leave the
basis and go to its new lower bound */
/* apply the dual ratio test in order to determine which
auxiliary or structural variable should enter the basis
to keep dual feasibility */
k = glp_dual_rtest(mip, len, ind, val, kase, 1e-9);
if (k != 0) k = ind[k];
/* if no non-basic variable has been chosen, LP relaxation
of corresponding branch being primal infeasible and dual
unbounded has no primal feasible solution; in this case
the change delta Z is formally set to infinity */
if (k == 0)
{ delta_z =
(T->mip->dir == GLP_MIN ? +DBL_MAX : -DBL_MAX);
goto skip;
}
/* row of the simplex table that corresponds to non-basic
variable x[k] choosen by the dual ratio test is:
x[j] = ... + alfa * x[k] + ...
where alfa is the influence coefficient (an element of
the simplex table row) */
/* determine the coefficient alfa */
for (t = 1; t <= len; t++) if (ind[t] == k) break;
xassert(1 <= t && t <= len);
alfa = val[t];
/* since in the adjacent basis the variable x[j] becomes
non-basic, knowing its value in the current basis we can
determine its change delta x[j] = new x[j] - old x[j] */
delta_j = (kase < 0 ? floor(x) : ceil(x)) - x;
/* and knowing the coefficient alfa we can determine the
corresponding change delta x[k] = new x[k] - old x[k],
where old x[k] is a value of x[k] in the current basis,
and new x[k] is a value of x[k] in the adjacent basis */
delta_k = delta_j / alfa;
/* Tomlin noticed that if the variable x[k] is of integer
kind, its change cannot be less (eventually) than one in
the magnitude */
if (k > m && glp_get_col_kind(mip, k-m) != GLP_CV)
{ /* x[k] is structural integer variable */
if (fabs(delta_k - floor(delta_k + 0.5)) > 1e-3)
{ if (delta_k > 0.0)
delta_k = ceil(delta_k); /* +3.14 -> +4 */
else
delta_k = floor(delta_k); /* -3.14 -> -4 */
}
}
/* now determine the status and reduced cost of x[k] in the
current basis */
if (k <= m)
{ stat = glp_get_row_stat(mip, k);
dk = glp_get_row_dual(mip, k);
}
else
{ stat = glp_get_col_stat(mip, k-m);
dk = glp_get_col_dual(mip, k-m);
}
/* if the current basis is dual degenerate, some reduced
costs which are close to zero may have wrong sign due to
round-off errors, so correct the sign of d[k] */
switch (T->mip->dir)
{ case GLP_MIN:
if (stat == GLP_NL && dk < 0.0 ||
stat == GLP_NU && dk > 0.0 ||
stat == GLP_NF) dk = 0.0;
break;
case GLP_MAX:
if (stat == GLP_NL && dk > 0.0 ||
stat == GLP_NU && dk < 0.0 ||
stat == GLP_NF) dk = 0.0;
break;
default:
xassert(T != T);
}
/* now knowing the change of x[k] and its reduced cost d[k]
we can compute the corresponding change in the objective
function delta Z = new Z - old Z = d[k] * delta x[k];
note that due to Tomlin's modification new Z can be even
worse than in the adjacent basis */
delta_z = dk * delta_k;
skip: /* new Z is never better than old Z, therefore the change
delta Z is always non-negative (in case of minimization)
or non-positive (in case of maximization) */
switch (T->mip->dir)
{ case GLP_MIN: xassert(delta_z >= 0.0); break;
case GLP_MAX: xassert(delta_z <= 0.0); break;
default: xassert(T != T);
}
/* save the change in the objective fnction for down- and
up-branches, respectively */
if (kase < 0) dz_dn = delta_z; else dz_up = delta_z;
}
/* thus, in down-branch no integer feasible solution can be
better than Z + dz_dn, and in up-branch no integer feasible
solution can be better than Z + dz_up, where Z is value of
the objective function in the current basis */
/* following the heuristic by Driebeck and Tomlin we choose a
column (i.e. structural variable) which provides largest
degradation of the objective function in some of branches;
besides, we select the branch with smaller degradation to
be solved next and keep other branch with larger degradation
in the active list hoping to minimize the number of further
backtrackings */
if (degrad < fabs(dz_dn) || degrad < fabs(dz_up))
{ jj = j;
if (fabs(dz_dn) < fabs(dz_up))
{ /* select down branch to be solved next */
next = GLP_DN_BRNCH;
degrad = fabs(dz_up);
}
else
{ /* select up branch to be solved next */
next = GLP_UP_BRNCH;
degrad = fabs(dz_dn);
}
/* save the objective changes for printing */
dd_dn = dz_dn, dd_up = dz_up;
/* if down- or up-branch has no feasible solution, we does
not need to consider other candidates (in principle, the
corresponding branch could be pruned right now) */
if (degrad == DBL_MAX) break;
}
}
/* free working arrays */
xfree(ind);
xfree(val);
/* something must be chosen */
xassert(1 <= jj && jj <= n);
#if 1 /* 02/XI-2009 */
if (degrad < 1e-6 * (1.0 + 0.001 * fabs(mip->obj_val)))
{ jj = branch_mostf(T, &next);
goto done;
}
#endif
if (T->parm->msg_lev >= GLP_MSG_DBG)
{ xprintf("branch_drtom: column %d chosen to branch on\n", jj);
if (fabs(dd_dn) == DBL_MAX)
xprintf("branch_drtom: down-branch is infeasible\n");
else
xprintf("branch_drtom: down-branch bound is %.9e\n",
lpx_get_obj_val(mip) + dd_dn);
if (fabs(dd_up) == DBL_MAX)
xprintf("branch_drtom: up-branch is infeasible\n");
else
xprintf("branch_drtom: up-branch bound is %.9e\n",
lpx_get_obj_val(mip) + dd_up);
}
done: *_next = next;
return jj;
}
