static void FreeSession(DTLS_Session * session) { if (session->Credentials) { if (session->CredentialType == CredentialType_ClientPSK) gnutls_psk_free_client_credentials(session->Credentials); else if (session->CredentialType == CredentialType_ServerPSK) gnutls_psk_free_server_credentials(session->Credentials); } gnutls_deinit(session->Session); memset(session,0, sizeof(DTLS_Session)); }
int main (void) { int ret, sd, ii; gnutls_session_t session; char buffer[MAX_BUF + 1]; const char *err; gnutls_psk_client_credentials_t pskcred; const gnutls_datum_t key = { (char *) "DEADBEEF", 8 }; gnutls_global_init (); gnutls_psk_allocate_client_credentials (&pskcred); gnutls_psk_set_client_credentials (pskcred, "test", &key, GNUTLS_PSK_KEY_HEX); /* Initialize TLS session */ gnutls_init (&session, GNUTLS_CLIENT); /* Use default priorities */ ret = gnutls_priority_set_direct (session, "PERFORMANCE", &err); if (ret < 0) { if (ret == GNUTLS_E_INVALID_REQUEST) { fprintf (stderr, "Syntax error at: %s\n", err); } exit (1); } /* put the x509 credentials to the current session */ gnutls_credentials_set (session, GNUTLS_CRD_PSK, pskcred); /* connect to the peer */ sd = tcp_connect (); gnutls_transport_set_ptr (session, (gnutls_transport_ptr_t) sd); /* Perform the TLS handshake */ ret = gnutls_handshake (session); if (ret < 0) { fprintf (stderr, "*** Handshake failed\n"); gnutls_perror (ret); goto end; } else { printf ("- Handshake was completed\n"); } gnutls_record_send (session, MSG, strlen (MSG)); ret = gnutls_record_recv (session, buffer, MAX_BUF); if (ret == 0) { printf ("- Peer has closed the TLS connection\n"); goto end; } else if (ret < 0) { fprintf (stderr, "*** Error: %s\n", gnutls_strerror (ret)); goto end; } printf ("- Received %d bytes: ", ret); for (ii = 0; ii < ret; ii++) { fputc (buffer[ii], stdout); } fputs ("\n", stdout); gnutls_bye (session, GNUTLS_SHUT_RDWR); end: tcp_close (sd); gnutls_deinit (session); gnutls_psk_free_client_credentials (pskcred); gnutls_global_deinit (); return 0; }
int main (int argc, char **argv) { int err, ret; int ii, i; char buffer[MAX_BUF + 1]; char *session_data = NULL; char *session_id = NULL; size_t session_data_size; size_t session_id_size; fd_set rset; int maxfd; struct timeval tv; int user_term = 0, retval = 0; socket_st hd; ssize_t bytes; set_program_name (argv[0]); gcry_control (GCRYCTL_ENABLE_QUICK_RANDOM, 0); #ifdef gcry_fips_mode_active /* Libgcrypt manual says that gcry_version_check must be called before calling gcry_fips_mode_active. */ gcry_check_version (NULL); if (gcry_fips_mode_active ()) { ret = gnutls_register_md5_handler (); if (ret) fprintf (stderr, "gnutls_register_md5_handler: %s\n", gnutls_strerror (ret)); } #endif if ((ret = gnutls_global_init ()) < 0) { fprintf (stderr, "global_init: %s\n", gnutls_strerror (ret)); exit (1); } if ((ret = gnutls_global_init_extra ()) < 0) { fprintf (stderr, "global_init_extra: %s\n", gnutls_strerror (ret)); exit (1); } gaa_parser (argc, argv); if (hostname == NULL) { fprintf (stderr, "No hostname given\n"); exit (1); } gnutls_global_set_log_function (tls_log_func); gnutls_global_set_log_level (info.debug); sockets_init (); #ifndef _WIN32 signal (SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN); #endif init_global_tls_stuff (); socket_open (&hd, hostname, service); socket_connect (&hd); hd.session = init_tls_session (hostname); if (starttls) goto after_handshake; for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) { if (i == 1) { hd.session = init_tls_session (hostname); gnutls_session_set_data (hd.session, session_data, session_data_size); free (session_data); } ret = do_handshake (&hd); if (ret < 0) { fprintf (stderr, "*** Handshake has failed\n"); gnutls_perror (ret); gnutls_deinit (hd.session); return 1; } else { printf ("- Handshake was completed\n"); if (gnutls_session_is_resumed (hd.session) != 0) printf ("*** This is a resumed session\n"); } if (resume != 0 && i == 0) { gnutls_session_get_data (hd.session, NULL, &session_data_size); session_data = malloc (session_data_size); gnutls_session_get_data (hd.session, session_data, &session_data_size); gnutls_session_get_id (hd.session, NULL, &session_id_size); session_id = malloc (session_id_size); gnutls_session_get_id (hd.session, session_id, &session_id_size); /* print some information */ print_info (hd.session, hostname, info.insecure); printf ("- Disconnecting\n"); socket_bye (&hd); printf ("\n\n- Connecting again- trying to resume previous session\n"); socket_open (&hd, hostname, service); socket_connect (&hd); } else { break; } } after_handshake: /* Warning! Do not touch this text string, it is used by external programs to search for when gnutls-cli has reached this point. */ printf ("\n- Simple Client Mode:\n\n"); if (rehandshake) { ret = do_handshake (&hd); if (ret < 0) { fprintf (stderr, "*** ReHandshake has failed\n"); gnutls_perror (ret); gnutls_deinit (hd.session); return 1; } else { printf ("- ReHandshake was completed\n"); } } #ifndef _WIN32 signal (SIGALRM, &starttls_alarm); #endif fflush(stdout); fflush(stderr); /* do not buffer */ #if !(defined _WIN32 || defined __WIN32__) setbuf (stdin, NULL); #endif setbuf (stdout, NULL); setbuf (stderr, NULL); for (;;) { if (starttls_alarmed && !hd.secure) { /* Warning! Do not touch this text string, it is used by external programs to search for when gnutls-cli has reached this point. */ fprintf (stderr, "*** Starting TLS handshake\n"); ret = do_handshake (&hd); if (ret < 0) { fprintf (stderr, "*** Handshake has failed\n"); user_term = 1; retval = 1; break; } } FD_ZERO (&rset); FD_SET (fileno (stdin), &rset); FD_SET (hd.fd, &rset); maxfd = MAX (fileno (stdin), hd.fd); tv.tv_sec = 3; tv.tv_usec = 0; err = select (maxfd + 1, &rset, NULL, NULL, &tv); if (err < 0) continue; if (FD_ISSET (hd.fd, &rset)) { memset (buffer, 0, MAX_BUF + 1); ret = socket_recv (&hd, buffer, MAX_BUF); if (ret == 0) { printf ("- Peer has closed the GnuTLS connection\n"); break; } else if (handle_error (&hd, ret) < 0 && user_term == 0) { fprintf (stderr, "*** Server has terminated the connection abnormally.\n"); retval = 1; break; } else if (ret > 0) { if (verbose != 0) printf ("- Received[%d]: ", ret); for (ii = 0; ii < ret; ii++) { fputc (buffer[ii], stdout); } fflush (stdout); } if (user_term != 0) break; } if (FD_ISSET (fileno (stdin), &rset)) { if ((bytes = read (fileno (stdin), buffer, MAX_BUF - 1)) <= 0) { if (hd.secure == 0) { /* Warning! Do not touch this text string, it is used by external programs to search for when gnutls-cli has reached this point. */ fprintf (stderr, "*** Starting TLS handshake\n"); ret = do_handshake (&hd); clearerr (stdin); if (ret < 0) { fprintf (stderr, "*** Handshake has failed\n"); user_term = 1; retval = 1; break; } } else { user_term = 1; break; } continue; } if (crlf != 0) { char *b = strchr (buffer, '\n'); if (b != NULL) { strcpy (b, "\r\n"); bytes++; } } ret = socket_send (&hd, buffer, bytes); if (ret > 0) { if (verbose != 0) printf ("- Sent: %d bytes\n", ret); } else handle_error (&hd, ret); } } if (info.debug) gcry_control (GCRYCTL_DUMP_RANDOM_STATS); if (user_term != 0) socket_bye (&hd); else gnutls_deinit (hd.session); #ifdef ENABLE_SRP if (srp_cred) gnutls_srp_free_client_credentials (srp_cred); #endif #ifdef ENABLE_PSK if (psk_cred) gnutls_psk_free_client_credentials (psk_cred); #endif gnutls_certificate_free_credentials (xcred); #ifdef ENABLE_ANON gnutls_anon_free_client_credentials (anon_cred); #endif gnutls_global_deinit (); return retval; }
static void client (void) { int ret, sd, ii; gnutls_session_t session; char buffer[MAX_BUF + 1]; gnutls_psk_client_credentials_t pskcred; const gnutls_datum_t key = { (char *) "DEADBEEF", 8 }; gnutls_global_init (); gnutls_global_set_log_function (tls_log_func); // if (debug) // gnutls_global_set_log_level (99); gnutls_psk_allocate_client_credentials (&pskcred); gnutls_psk_set_client_credentials (pskcred, "test", &key, GNUTLS_PSK_KEY_HEX); /* Initialize TLS session */ gnutls_init (&session, GNUTLS_CLIENT); /* Use default priorities */ gnutls_set_default_priority (session); /* put the anonymous credentials to the current session */ gnutls_credentials_set (session, GNUTLS_CRD_PSK, pskcred); /* connect to the peer */ sd = tcp_connect (); gnutls_transport_set_ptr (session, (gnutls_transport_ptr_t) sd); /* Perform the TLS handshake */ ret = gnutls_handshake (session); if (ret < 0) { fail ("client: Handshake failed\n"); gnutls_perror (ret); goto end; } else { if (debug) success ("client: Handshake was completed\n"); } gnutls_record_send (session, MSG, strlen (MSG)); ret = gnutls_record_recv (session, buffer, MAX_BUF); if (ret == 0) { if (debug) success ("client: Peer has closed the TLS connection\n"); goto end; } else if (ret < 0) { fail ("client: Error: %s\n", gnutls_strerror (ret)); goto end; } if (debug) { printf ("- Received %d bytes: ", ret); for (ii = 0; ii < ret; ii++) fputc (buffer[ii], stdout); fputs ("\n", stdout); } gnutls_bye (session, GNUTLS_SHUT_RDWR); end: tcp_close (sd); gnutls_deinit (session); gnutls_psk_free_client_credentials (pskcred); gnutls_global_deinit (); }
int main (int argc, char **argv) { int ret; int ii, i, inp; char buffer[MAX_BUF + 1]; char *session_data = NULL; char *session_id = NULL; size_t session_data_size; size_t session_id_size = 0; int user_term = 0, retval = 0; socket_st hd; ssize_t bytes; set_program_name (argv[0]); gaa_parser (argc, argv); gnutls_global_set_log_function (tls_log_func); gnutls_global_set_log_level (info.debug); if ((ret = gnutls_global_init ()) < 0) { fprintf (stderr, "global_init: %s\n", gnutls_strerror (ret)); exit (1); } #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11 pkcs11_common (); #endif if (hostname == NULL) { fprintf (stderr, "No hostname given\n"); exit (1); } sockets_init (); #ifndef _WIN32 signal (SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN); #endif init_global_tls_stuff (); socket_open (&hd, hostname, service); socket_connect (&hd); hd.session = init_tls_session (hostname); if (starttls) goto after_handshake; for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) { if (i == 1) { hd.session = init_tls_session (hostname); gnutls_session_set_data (hd.session, session_data, session_data_size); free (session_data); } ret = do_handshake (&hd); if (ret < 0) { fprintf (stderr, "*** Handshake has failed\n"); gnutls_perror (ret); gnutls_deinit (hd.session); return 1; } else { printf ("- Handshake was completed\n"); if (gnutls_session_is_resumed (hd.session) != 0) printf ("*** This is a resumed session\n"); } if (resume != 0 && i == 0) { gnutls_session_get_data (hd.session, NULL, &session_data_size); session_data = malloc (session_data_size); gnutls_session_get_data (hd.session, session_data, &session_data_size); gnutls_session_get_id (hd.session, NULL, &session_id_size); session_id = malloc (session_id_size); gnutls_session_get_id (hd.session, session_id, &session_id_size); /* print some information */ print_info (hd.session, hostname, info.insecure); printf ("- Disconnecting\n"); socket_bye (&hd); printf ("\n\n- Connecting again- trying to resume previous session\n"); socket_open (&hd, hostname, service); socket_connect (&hd); } else { break; } } after_handshake: /* Warning! Do not touch this text string, it is used by external programs to search for when gnutls-cli has reached this point. */ printf ("\n- Simple Client Mode:\n\n"); if (rehandshake) { ret = do_handshake (&hd); if (ret < 0) { fprintf (stderr, "*** ReHandshake has failed\n"); gnutls_perror (ret); gnutls_deinit (hd.session); return 1; } else { printf ("- ReHandshake was completed\n"); } } #ifndef _WIN32 signal (SIGALRM, &starttls_alarm); #endif fflush (stdout); fflush (stderr); /* do not buffer */ #if !(defined _WIN32 || defined __WIN32__) setbuf (stdin, NULL); #endif setbuf (stdout, NULL); setbuf (stderr, NULL); for (;;) { if (starttls_alarmed && !hd.secure) { /* Warning! Do not touch this text string, it is used by external programs to search for when gnutls-cli has reached this point. */ fprintf (stderr, "*** Starting TLS handshake\n"); ret = do_handshake (&hd); if (ret < 0) { fprintf (stderr, "*** Handshake has failed\n"); user_term = 1; retval = 1; break; } } inp = check_net_or_keyboard_input(&hd); if (inp == IN_NET) { memset (buffer, 0, MAX_BUF + 1); ret = socket_recv (&hd, buffer, MAX_BUF); if (ret == 0) { printf ("- Peer has closed the GnuTLS connection\n"); break; } else if (handle_error (&hd, ret) < 0 && user_term == 0) { fprintf (stderr, "*** Server has terminated the connection abnormally.\n"); retval = 1; break; } else if (ret > 0) { if (verbose != 0) printf ("- Received[%d]: ", ret); for (ii = 0; ii < ret; ii++) { fputc (buffer[ii], stdout); } fflush (stdout); } if (user_term != 0) break; } if (inp == IN_KEYBOARD) { if ((bytes = read (fileno (stdin), buffer, MAX_BUF - 1)) <= 0) { if (hd.secure == 0) { /* Warning! Do not touch this text string, it is used by external programs to search for when gnutls-cli has reached this point. */ fprintf (stderr, "*** Starting TLS handshake\n"); ret = do_handshake (&hd); clearerr (stdin); if (ret < 0) { fprintf (stderr, "*** Handshake has failed\n"); user_term = 1; retval = 1; break; } } else { user_term = 1; break; } continue; } buffer[bytes] = 0; if (crlf != 0) { char *b = strchr (buffer, '\n'); if (b != NULL) { strcpy (b, "\r\n"); bytes++; } } ret = socket_send (&hd, buffer, bytes); if (ret > 0) { if (verbose != 0) printf ("- Sent: %d bytes\n", ret); } else handle_error (&hd, ret); } } if (user_term != 0) socket_bye (&hd); else gnutls_deinit (hd.session); #ifdef ENABLE_SRP if (srp_cred) gnutls_srp_free_client_credentials (srp_cred); #endif #ifdef ENABLE_PSK if (psk_cred) gnutls_psk_free_client_credentials (psk_cred); #endif gnutls_certificate_free_credentials (xcred); #ifdef ENABLE_ANON gnutls_anon_free_client_credentials (anon_cred); #endif gnutls_global_deinit (); return retval; }
int main(void) { int ret, sd, ii; gnutls_session_t session; char buffer[MAX_BUF + 1]; const char *err; gnutls_psk_client_credentials_t pskcred; const gnutls_datum_t key = { (void *) "DEADBEEF", 8 }; CHECK(gnutls_global_init()); CHECK(gnutls_psk_allocate_client_credentials(&pskcred)); CHECK(gnutls_psk_set_client_credentials(pskcred, "test", &key, GNUTLS_PSK_KEY_HEX)); /* Initialize TLS session */ CHECK(gnutls_init(&session, GNUTLS_CLIENT)); /* Use default priorities */ ret = gnutls_priority_set_direct(session, "PERFORMANCE:+ECDHE-PSK:+DHE-PSK:+PSK", &err); if (ret < 0) { if (ret == GNUTLS_E_INVALID_REQUEST) { fprintf(stderr, "Syntax error at: %s\n", err); } exit(1); } /* put the x509 credentials to the current session */ CHECK(gnutls_credentials_set(session, GNUTLS_CRD_PSK, pskcred)); /* connect to the peer */ sd = tcp_connect(); gnutls_transport_set_int(session, sd); gnutls_handshake_set_timeout(session, GNUTLS_DEFAULT_HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT); /* Perform the TLS handshake */ do { ret = gnutls_handshake(session); } while (ret < 0 && gnutls_error_is_fatal(ret) == 0); if (ret < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "*** Handshake failed\n"); gnutls_perror(ret); goto end; } else { char *desc; desc = gnutls_session_get_desc(session); printf("- Session info: %s\n", desc); gnutls_free(desc); } CHECK(gnutls_record_send(session, MSG, strlen(MSG))); ret = gnutls_record_recv(session, buffer, MAX_BUF); if (ret == 0) { printf("- Peer has closed the TLS connection\n"); goto end; } else if (ret < 0 && gnutls_error_is_fatal(ret) == 0) { fprintf(stderr, "*** Warning: %s\n", gnutls_strerror(ret)); } else if (ret < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "*** Error: %s\n", gnutls_strerror(ret)); goto end; } if (ret > 0) { printf("- Received %d bytes: ", ret); for (ii = 0; ii < ret; ii++) { fputc(buffer[ii], stdout); } fputs("\n", stdout); } CHECK(gnutls_bye(session, GNUTLS_SHUT_RDWR)); end: tcp_close(sd); gnutls_deinit(session); gnutls_psk_free_client_credentials(pskcred); gnutls_global_deinit(); return 0; }
int main (int argc, char **argv) { int err, ret; int ii, i; char buffer[MAX_BUF + 1]; char *session_data = NULL; char *session_id = NULL; size_t session_data_size; size_t session_id_size; fd_set rset; int maxfd; struct timeval tv; int user_term = 0; socket_st hd; gaa_parser (argc, argv); if (hostname == NULL) { fprintf (stderr, "No hostname given\n"); exit (1); } sockets_init (); #ifndef _WIN32 signal (SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN); #endif init_global_tls_stuff (); socket_open( &hd, hostname, service); socket_connect( &hd); hd.session = init_tls_session (hostname); if (starttls) goto after_handshake; for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) { if (i == 1) { hd.session = init_tls_session (hostname); gnutls_session_set_data (hd.session, session_data, session_data_size); free (session_data); } ret = do_handshake (&hd); if (ret < 0) { fprintf (stderr, "*** Handshake has failed\n"); gnutls_perror (ret); gnutls_deinit (hd.session); return 1; } else { printf ("- Handshake was completed\n"); if (gnutls_session_is_resumed (hd.session) != 0) printf ("*** This is a resumed session\n"); } if (resume != 0 && i == 0) { gnutls_session_get_data (hd.session, NULL, &session_data_size); session_data = malloc (session_data_size); gnutls_session_get_data (hd.session, session_data, &session_data_size); gnutls_session_get_id (hd.session, NULL, &session_id_size); session_id = malloc (session_id_size); gnutls_session_get_id (hd.session, session_id, &session_id_size); /* print some information */ print_info (hd.session, hostname); printf ("- Disconnecting\n"); socket_bye (&hd); printf ("\n\n- Connecting again- trying to resume previous session\n"); socket_open( &hd, hostname, service); socket_connect(&hd); } else { break; } } after_handshake: printf ("\n- Simple Client Mode:\n\n"); #ifndef _WIN32 signal (SIGALRM, &starttls_alarm); #endif /* do not buffer */ #if !(defined _WIN32 || defined __WIN32__) setbuf (stdin, NULL); #endif setbuf (stdout, NULL); setbuf (stderr, NULL); for (;;) { if (starttls_alarmed && !hd.secure) { fprintf (stderr, "*** Starting TLS handshake\n"); ret = do_handshake (&hd); if (ret < 0) { fprintf (stderr, "*** Handshake has failed\n"); socket_bye (&hd); user_term = 1; break; } } FD_ZERO (&rset); FD_SET (fileno (stdin), &rset); FD_SET (hd.fd, &rset); maxfd = MAX (fileno (stdin), hd.fd); tv.tv_sec = 3; tv.tv_usec = 0; err = select (maxfd + 1, &rset, NULL, NULL, &tv); if (err < 0) continue; if (FD_ISSET (hd.fd, &rset)) { memset (buffer, 0, MAX_BUF + 1); ret = socket_recv (&hd, buffer, MAX_BUF); if (ret == 0) { printf ("- Peer has closed the GNUTLS connection\n"); break; } else if (handle_error (&hd, ret) < 0 && user_term == 0) { fprintf (stderr, "*** Server has terminated the connection abnormally.\n"); break; } else if (ret > 0) { if (verbose != 0) printf ("- Received[%d]: ", ret); for (ii = 0; ii < ret; ii++) { fputc (buffer[ii], stdout); } fflush (stdout); } if (user_term != 0) break; } if (FD_ISSET (fileno (stdin), &rset)) { if (fgets (buffer, MAX_BUF, stdin) == NULL) { if (hd.secure == 0) { fprintf (stderr, "*** Starting TLS handshake\n"); ret = do_handshake (&hd); if (ret < 0) { fprintf (stderr, "*** Handshake has failed\n"); socket_bye (&hd); user_term = 1; } } else { user_term = 1; break; } continue; } if (crlf != 0) { char *b = strchr (buffer, '\n'); if (b != NULL) strcpy (b, "\r\n"); } ret = socket_send (&hd, buffer, strlen (buffer)); if (ret > 0) { if (verbose != 0) printf ("- Sent: %d bytes\n", ret); } else handle_error (&hd, ret); } } if (user_term != 0) socket_bye (&hd); else gnutls_deinit (hd.session); #ifdef ENABLE_SRP gnutls_srp_free_client_credentials (srp_cred); #endif #ifdef ENABLE_PSK gnutls_psk_free_client_credentials (psk_cred); #endif gnutls_certificate_free_credentials (xcred); #ifdef ENABLE_ANON gnutls_anon_free_client_credentials (anon_cred); #endif gnutls_global_deinit (); return 0; }
static void client(int sd, const char *prio) { int ret, ii; gnutls_session_t session; char buffer[MAX_BUF + 1]; gnutls_psk_client_credentials_t pskcred; /* Need to enable anonymous KX specifically. */ const gnutls_datum_t key = { (void *) "DEADBEEF", 8 }; const char *hint; global_init(); gnutls_global_set_log_function(tls_log_func); if (debug) gnutls_global_set_log_level(4711); side = "client"; gnutls_psk_allocate_client_credentials(&pskcred); gnutls_psk_set_client_credentials(pskcred, "test", &key, GNUTLS_PSK_KEY_HEX); /* Initialize TLS session */ gnutls_init(&session, GNUTLS_CLIENT); /* Use default priorities */ gnutls_priority_set_direct(session, prio, NULL); /* put the anonymous credentials to the current session */ gnutls_credentials_set(session, GNUTLS_CRD_PSK, pskcred); gnutls_transport_set_int(session, sd); /* Perform the TLS handshake */ ret = gnutls_handshake(session); if (ret < 0) { fail("client: Handshake failed\n"); gnutls_perror(ret); goto end; } else { if (debug) success("client: Handshake was completed\n"); } /* check the hint */ hint = gnutls_psk_client_get_hint(session); if (hint == NULL || strcmp(hint, "hint") != 0) { fail("client: hint is not the expected: %s\n", gnutls_psk_client_get_hint(session)); goto end; } gnutls_record_send(session, MSG, strlen(MSG)); ret = gnutls_record_recv(session, buffer, MAX_BUF); if (ret == 0) { if (debug) success ("client: Peer has closed the TLS connection\n"); goto end; } else if (ret < 0) { fail("client: Error: %s\n", gnutls_strerror(ret)); goto end; } if (debug) { printf("- Received %d bytes: ", ret); for (ii = 0; ii < ret; ii++) { fputc(buffer[ii], stdout); } fputs("\n", stdout); } gnutls_bye(session, GNUTLS_SHUT_RDWR); end: close(sd); gnutls_deinit(session); gnutls_psk_free_client_credentials(pskcred); gnutls_global_deinit(); }
psk_client_credentials::~psk_client_credentials () { gnutls_psk_free_client_credentials (cred); }