char char_from_piece(piece_t p)
{
static const char sPIECES[6] = { 'P', 'N', 'B', 'R', 'Q', 'K' };
if (piece_color(p) == BLACK) {
return tolower(sPIECES[piece_type(p)]);
}
return sPIECES[piece_type(p)];
}
static sint piece_char(uint piece)
{
return type_char(piece_type(piece));
}
/*
* Add all pseudo-legal captures that the given piece (N/B/Q/K) can make.
*/
static void generate_piece_captures(const position_t* pos,
square_t from,
piece_t piece,
move_t** moves_head)
{
move_t* moves = *moves_head;
square_t to;
// Note: I unrolled all these loops to handle each direction explicitly.
// The idea was to increase performance, but it's only about 1% faster
// for much more code, so it's possible I'll change this back later.
switch (piece_type(piece)) {
case KING:
to = from - 17;
if (pos->board[to] != EMPTY && can_capture(piece, pos->board[to])) {
moves = add_move(pos, create_move(from, to, piece,
pos->board[to]), moves);
}
to = from - 16;
if (pos->board[to] != EMPTY && can_capture(piece, pos->board[to])) {
moves = add_move(pos, create_move(from, to, piece,
pos->board[to]), moves);
}
to = from - 15;
if (pos->board[to] != EMPTY && can_capture(piece, pos->board[to])) {
moves = add_move(pos, create_move(from, to, piece,
pos->board[to]), moves);
}
to = from - 1;
if (pos->board[to] != EMPTY && can_capture(piece, pos->board[to])) {
moves = add_move(pos, create_move(from, to, piece,
pos->board[to]), moves);
}
to = from + 1;
if (pos->board[to] != EMPTY && can_capture(piece, pos->board[to])) {
moves = add_move(pos, create_move(from, to, piece,
pos->board[to]), moves);
}
to = from + 15;
if (pos->board[to] != EMPTY && can_capture(piece, pos->board[to])) {
moves = add_move(pos, create_move(from, to, piece,
pos->board[to]), moves);
}
to = from + 16;
if (pos->board[to] != EMPTY && can_capture(piece, pos->board[to])) {
moves = add_move(pos, create_move(from, to, piece,
pos->board[to]), moves);
}
to = from + 17;
if (pos->board[to] != EMPTY && can_capture(piece, pos->board[to])) {
moves = add_move(pos, create_move(from, to, piece,
pos->board[to]), moves);
}
break;
case KNIGHT:
to = from - 33;
if (pos->board[to] != EMPTY && can_capture(piece, pos->board[to])) {
moves = add_move(pos, create_move(from, to, piece,
pos->board[to]), moves);
}
to = from - 31;
if (pos->board[to] != EMPTY && can_capture(piece, pos->board[to])) {
moves = add_move(pos, create_move(from, to, piece,
pos->board[to]), moves);
}
to = from - 18;
if (pos->board[to] != EMPTY && can_capture(piece, pos->board[to])) {
moves = add_move(pos, create_move(from, to, piece,
pos->board[to]), moves);
}
to = from - 14;
if (pos->board[to] != EMPTY && can_capture(piece, pos->board[to])) {
moves = add_move(pos, create_move(from, to, piece,
pos->board[to]), moves);
}
to = from + 14;
if (pos->board[to] != EMPTY && can_capture(piece, pos->board[to])) {
moves = add_move(pos, create_move(from, to, piece,
pos->board[to]), moves);
}
to = from + 18;
if (pos->board[to] != EMPTY && can_capture(piece, pos->board[to])) {
moves = add_move(pos, create_move(from, to, piece,
pos->board[to]), moves);
}
to = from + 31;
if (pos->board[to] != EMPTY && can_capture(piece, pos->board[to])) {
moves = add_move(pos, create_move(from, to, piece,
pos->board[to]), moves);
}
to = from + 33;
if (pos->board[to] != EMPTY && can_capture(piece, pos->board[to])) {
moves = add_move(pos, create_move(from, to, piece,
pos->board[to]), moves);
}
break;
case BISHOP:
for (to=from-17; pos->board[to]==EMPTY; to-=17) {}
if (can_capture(piece, pos->board[to])) {
moves = add_move(pos, create_move(from, to, piece,
pos->board[to]), moves);
}
for (to=from-15; pos->board[to]==EMPTY; to-=15) {}
if (can_capture(piece, pos->board[to])) {
moves = add_move(pos, create_move(from, to, piece,
pos->board[to]), moves);
}
for (to=from+15; pos->board[to]==EMPTY; to+=15) {}
if (can_capture(piece, pos->board[to])) {
moves = add_move(pos, create_move(from, to, piece,
pos->board[to]), moves);
}
for (to=from+17; pos->board[to]==EMPTY; to+=17) {}
if (can_capture(piece, pos->board[to])) {
moves = add_move(pos, create_move(from, to, piece,
pos->board[to]), moves);
}
break;
case ROOK:
for (to=from-16; pos->board[to]==EMPTY; to-=16) {}
if (can_capture(piece, pos->board[to])) {
moves = add_move(pos, create_move(from, to, piece,
pos->board[to]), moves);
}
for (to=from-1; pos->board[to]==EMPTY; to-=1) {}
if (can_capture(piece, pos->board[to])) {
moves = add_move(pos, create_move(from, to, piece,
pos->board[to]), moves);
}
for (to=from+1; pos->board[to]==EMPTY; to+=1) {}
if (pos->board[to] != EMPTY && can_capture(piece, pos->board[to])) {
moves = add_move(pos, create_move(from, to, piece,
pos->board[to]), moves);
}
for (to=from+16; pos->board[to]==EMPTY; to+=16) {}
if (can_capture(piece, pos->board[to])) {
moves = add_move(pos, create_move(from, to, piece,
pos->board[to]), moves);
}
break;
case QUEEN:
for (to=from-17; pos->board[to]==EMPTY; to-=17) {}
if (can_capture(piece, pos->board[to])) {
moves = add_move(pos, create_move(from, to, piece,
pos->board[to]), moves);
}
for (to=from-16; pos->board[to]==EMPTY; to-=16) {}
if (can_capture(piece, pos->board[to])) {
moves = add_move(pos, create_move(from, to, piece,
pos->board[to]), moves);
}
for (to=from-15; pos->board[to]==EMPTY; to-=15) {}
if (can_capture(piece, pos->board[to])) {
moves = add_move(pos, create_move(from, to, piece,
pos->board[to]), moves);
}
for (to=from-1; pos->board[to]==EMPTY; to-=1) {}
if (can_capture(piece, pos->board[to])) {
moves = add_move(pos, create_move(from, to, piece,
pos->board[to]), moves);
}
for (to=from+1; pos->board[to]==EMPTY; to+=1) {}
if (pos->board[to] != EMPTY && can_capture(piece, pos->board[to])) {
moves = add_move(pos, create_move(from, to, piece,
pos->board[to]), moves);
}
for (to=from+15; pos->board[to]==EMPTY; to+=15) {}
if (can_capture(piece, pos->board[to])) {
moves = add_move(pos, create_move(from, to, piece,
pos->board[to]), moves);
}
for (to=from+16; pos->board[to]==EMPTY; to+=16) {}
if (can_capture(piece, pos->board[to])) {
moves = add_move(pos, create_move(from, to, piece,
pos->board[to]), moves);
}
for (to=from+17; pos->board[to]==EMPTY; to+=17) {}
if (can_capture(piece, pos->board[to])) {
moves = add_move(pos, create_move(from, to, piece,
pos->board[to]), moves);
}
break;
default: assert(false);
}
*moves_head = moves;
}
int alpha_beta(app_t *app, cnodeptr_t parent, int alpha, int beta, int depth)
{
int palpha = alpha;
int i, score = -MATE, highest = -MATE;
node_t node;
move_t cutoff = 0;
piece_t p;
init_node(&node);
assert(app);
app->search.nodes++;
node.depth = depth;
/* max depth */
if (app->game.board->ply > (SEARCH_MAXDEPTH - 1)) {
/* return evaluate(app->board); */
return quiescent(app, parent, alpha, beta);
}
/* recursive base */
if (depth == 0) {
return evaluate(app->game.board);
}
/* draws */
if (repetitions(app) || (app->game.board->half >= 100)) {
return 0;
}
/* if we are checked, set the nodes checked flag */
if (check(app->game.board, app->game.board->side)) {
node.flags |= NODE_CHECK;
/* extend our search by 1 depth if we are in check */
/* NOTES: we may want to NOT extend our search here if the parent
is in check, because the means we already extended once */
depth++;
}
/* TODO:
- NULL moves
- Late-move reduction
- Tactical extensions (pins & forks -> depth++)
*/
/* probe our table */
if (probe_hash(&app->hash, app->game.board, &cutoff, &score, depth, alpha, beta) == TRUE) {
app->hash.cut++;
return score;
}
/* generate moves */
generate_moves(app->game.board, &node.ml, &node.ml);
/* reset score */
score = -MATE;
/* try to match our hash hit move */
if (cutoff != 0) {
for (i = 0; i < node.ml.count; i++) {
if (node.ml.moves[i] == cutoff) {
node.ml.scores[i] = 20000;
break;
}
}
}
/* search negamax */
for (i = 0; i < node.ml.count; i++) {
/* get the next move ordered */
next_move(i, &node.ml);
if (!(do_move(app->game.board, &app->game.undo, node.ml.moves[i])))
continue;
score = -alpha_beta(app, &node, -beta, -alpha, depth - 1);
node.made++;
undo_move(app->game.board, &app->game.undo);
/* score whatever is best so far */
if (score > highest) {
node.best = node.ml.moves[i];
highest = score;
/* update alpha */
if (score > alpha) {
if (score >= beta) {
/* non-captures causing beta cutoffs (killers) */
if (!is_capture(node.ml.moves[i])) {
app->game.board->killers[1][app->game.board->ply] =
app->game.board->killers[0][app->game.board->ply];
app->game.board->killers[0][app->game.board->ply] = node.ml.moves[i];
}
/* store this beta in our transposition table */
store_hash(&app->hash, app->game.board, node.best, beta, HASH_BETA, depth);
return beta;
}
/* update alpha */
alpha = score;
/* update our history */
if (!is_capture(node.best)) {
p = app->game.board->pos.squares[move_from(node.best)];
app->game.board->history[piece_color(p)][piece_type(p)][move_to(node.best)] += depth;
}
}
}
}
/* check for checkmate or stalemate */
if (!node.made) {
if (node.flags & NODE_CHECK) {
return -MATE + app->game.board->ply;
} else {
return 0;
}
}
if (alpha != palpha) {
/* store this as an exact, since we beat alpha */
store_hash(&app->hash, app->game.board, node.best, highest, HASH_EXACT, depth);
} else {
/* store the current alpha */
store_hash(&app->hash, app->game.board, node.best, alpha, HASH_ALPHA, depth);
}
return alpha;
}
/*
* Generate pseudo-legal moves which are neither captures nor promotions.
*/
int generate_pseudo_quiet_moves(const position_t* pos, move_t* moves)
{
move_t* moves_head = moves;
color_t side = pos->side_to_move;
piece_t piece;
square_t from;
// Castling. Castles are considered pseudo-legal if we have appropriate
// castling rights, the squares between king and rook are unoccupied,
// and the intermediate square is unattacked. Therefore checking for
// legality just requires seeing if we're in check afterwards.
// This is messy for Chess960, so it's separated into separate cases.
square_t my_king_home = king_home + side*A8;
if (!options.chess960) {
if (has_oo_rights(pos, side) &&
pos->board[my_king_home+1] == EMPTY &&
pos->board[my_king_home+2] == EMPTY &&
!is_square_attacked((position_t*)pos,my_king_home+1,side^1)) {
assert(pos->board[my_king_home] ==
create_piece(pos->side_to_move, KING));
moves = add_move(pos,
create_move_castle(my_king_home, my_king_home+2,
create_piece(side, KING)),
moves);
}
if (has_ooo_rights(pos, side) &&
pos->board[my_king_home-1] == EMPTY &&
pos->board[my_king_home-2] == EMPTY &&
pos->board[my_king_home-3] == EMPTY &&
!is_square_attacked((position_t*)pos,my_king_home-1,side^1)) {
assert(pos->board[my_king_home] ==
create_piece(pos->side_to_move, KING));
moves = add_move(pos,
create_move_castle(my_king_home, my_king_home-2,
create_piece(side, KING)),
moves);
}
} else {
if (has_oo_rights(pos, side)) {
square_t my_f1 = F1 + side*A8;
square_t my_g1 = G1 + side*A8;
square_t my_kr = king_rook_home + side*A8;
bool castle_ok = true;
// Check that rook is unimpeded.
for (square_t sq = MIN(my_kr, my_f1);
sq <= MAX(my_kr, my_f1); ++sq) {
if (sq != my_kr && sq != my_king_home &&
pos->board[sq] != EMPTY) {
castle_ok = false;
break;
}
}
// Check that the king is unimpeded and unattacked
if (castle_ok) {
for (square_t sq = MIN(my_king_home, my_g1);
sq <= my_g1; ++sq) {
if (sq != my_king_home && sq != my_kr &&
pos->board[sq] != EMPTY) {
castle_ok = false;
break;
}
if (sq != my_g1 &&
is_square_attacked((position_t*)pos, sq, side^1)) {
castle_ok = false;
break;
}
}
}
if (castle_ok) moves = add_move(pos,
create_move_castle(my_king_home, my_g1,
create_piece(side, KING)), moves);
}
if (has_ooo_rights(pos, side)) {
square_t my_d1 = D1 + side*A8;
square_t my_c1 = C1 + side*A8;
square_t my_qr = queen_rook_home + side*A8;
bool castle_ok = true;
// Check that rook is unimpeded.
for (square_t sq = MIN(my_qr, my_d1);
sq <= MAX(my_qr, my_d1); ++sq) {
if (sq != my_qr && sq != my_king_home &&
pos->board[sq] != EMPTY) {
castle_ok = false;
break;
}
}
// Check that the king is unimpeded and unattacked
if (castle_ok) {
for (square_t sq = MIN(my_king_home, my_c1);
sq <= MAX(my_king_home, my_c1); ++sq) {
if (sq != my_king_home && sq != my_qr &&
pos->board[sq] != EMPTY) {
castle_ok = false;
break;
}
if (sq != my_c1 &&
is_square_attacked((position_t*)pos, sq, side^1)) {
castle_ok = false;
break;
}
}
}
if (castle_ok) moves = add_move(pos,
create_move_castle(my_king_home, my_c1,
create_piece(side, KING)),
moves);
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < pos->num_pieces[side]; ++i) {
from = pos->pieces[side][i];
piece = pos->board[from];
assert(piece_color(piece) == side && piece_type(piece) != PAWN);
generate_piece_noncaptures(pos, from, piece, &moves);
}
piece = create_piece(side, PAWN);
for (int i=0; i<pos->num_pawns[side]; ++i) {
from = pos->pawns[side][i];
assert(pos->board[from] == piece);
generate_pawn_quiet_moves(pos, from, piece, &moves);
}
*moves = 0;
return (moves-moves_head);
}