/*
* Set up the GDT and segment registers for -fstack-protector. Until
* we do this, we have to be careful not to call any stack-protected
* function, which is most of the kernel.
*/
static void __init xen_setup_stackprotector(void)
{
pv_cpu_ops.write_gdt_entry = xen_write_gdt_entry_boot;
pv_cpu_ops.load_gdt = xen_load_gdt_boot;
setup_stack_canary_segment(0);
switch_to_new_gdt(0);
pv_cpu_ops.write_gdt_entry = xen_write_gdt_entry;
pv_cpu_ops.load_gdt = xen_load_gdt;
}
void __init setup_per_cpu_areas(void)
{
unsigned int cpu;
unsigned long delta;
int rc;
pr_info("NR_CPUS:%d nr_cpumask_bits:%d nr_cpu_ids:%d nr_node_ids:%d\n",
NR_CPUS, nr_cpumask_bits, nr_cpu_ids, nr_node_ids);
/*
* Allocate percpu area. Embedding allocator is our favorite;
* however, on NUMA configurations, it can result in very
* sparse unit mapping and vmalloc area isn't spacious enough
* on 32bit. Use page in that case.
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
if (pcpu_chosen_fc == PCPU_FC_AUTO && pcpu_need_numa())
pcpu_chosen_fc = PCPU_FC_PAGE;
#endif
rc = -EINVAL;
if (pcpu_chosen_fc != PCPU_FC_PAGE) {
const size_t atom_size = cpu_has_pse ? PMD_SIZE : PAGE_SIZE;
const size_t dyn_size = PERCPU_MODULE_RESERVE +
PERCPU_DYNAMIC_RESERVE - PERCPU_FIRST_CHUNK_RESERVE;
rc = pcpu_embed_first_chunk(PERCPU_FIRST_CHUNK_RESERVE,
dyn_size, atom_size,
pcpu_cpu_distance,
pcpu_fc_alloc, pcpu_fc_free);
if (rc < 0)
pr_warning("%s allocator failed (%d), falling back to page size\n",
pcpu_fc_names[pcpu_chosen_fc], rc);
}
if (rc < 0)
rc = pcpu_page_first_chunk(PERCPU_FIRST_CHUNK_RESERVE,
pcpu_fc_alloc, pcpu_fc_free,
pcpup_populate_pte);
if (rc < 0)
panic("cannot initialize percpu area (err=%d)", rc);
/* alrighty, percpu areas up and running */
delta = (unsigned long)pcpu_base_addr - (unsigned long)__per_cpu_start;
for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
per_cpu_offset(cpu) = delta + pcpu_unit_offsets[cpu];
per_cpu(this_cpu_off, cpu) = per_cpu_offset(cpu);
per_cpu(cpu_number, cpu) = cpu;
setup_percpu_segment(cpu);
setup_stack_canary_segment(cpu);
/*
* Copy data used in early init routines from the
* initial arrays to the per cpu data areas. These
* arrays then become expendable and the *_early_ptr's
* are zeroed indicating that the static arrays are
* gone.
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
per_cpu(x86_cpu_to_apicid, cpu) =
early_per_cpu_map(x86_cpu_to_apicid, cpu);
per_cpu(x86_bios_cpu_apicid, cpu) =
early_per_cpu_map(x86_bios_cpu_apicid, cpu);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
per_cpu(x86_cpu_to_logical_apicid, cpu) =
early_per_cpu_map(x86_cpu_to_logical_apicid, cpu);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
per_cpu(irq_stack_ptr, cpu) =
per_cpu(irq_stack_union.irq_stack, cpu) +
IRQ_STACK_SIZE - 64;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
per_cpu(x86_cpu_to_node_map, cpu) =
early_per_cpu_map(x86_cpu_to_node_map, cpu);
/*
* Ensure that the boot cpu numa_node is correct when the boot
* cpu is on a node that doesn't have memory installed.
* Also cpu_up() will call cpu_to_node() for APs when
* MEMORY_HOTPLUG is defined, before per_cpu(numa_node) is set
* up later with c_init aka intel_init/amd_init.
* So set them all (boot cpu and all APs).
*/
set_cpu_numa_node(cpu, early_cpu_to_node(cpu));
#endif
/*
* Up to this point, the boot CPU has been using .init.data
* area. Reload any changed state for the boot CPU.
*/
if (!cpu)
switch_to_new_gdt(cpu);
}
/* indicate the early static arrays will soon be gone */
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
early_per_cpu_ptr(x86_cpu_to_apicid) = NULL;
early_per_cpu_ptr(x86_bios_cpu_apicid) = NULL;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
early_per_cpu_ptr(x86_cpu_to_logical_apicid) = NULL;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
early_per_cpu_ptr(x86_cpu_to_node_map) = NULL;
#endif
/* Setup node to cpumask map */
setup_node_to_cpumask_map();
/* Setup cpu initialized, callin, callout masks */
setup_cpu_local_masks();
}
/* x86은 이 함수를 타게 된다 */
void __init setup_per_cpu_areas(void)
{
unsigned int cpu;
unsigned long delta;
int rc;
pr_info("NR_CPUS:%d nr_cpumask_bits:%d nr_cpu_ids:%d nr_node_ids:%d\n",
NR_CPUS, nr_cpumask_bits, nr_cpu_ids, nr_node_ids);
/*
* Allocate percpu area. Embedding allocator is our favorite;
* however, on NUMA configurations, it can result in very
* sparse unit mapping and vmalloc area isn't spacious enough
* on 32bit. Use page in that case.
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
/* 32bit 한정 first chunk 가 auto인데 numa라면, page로 한다. 32bit에서
* embed(2mb단위) 방식은 메모리 할당면에서 ᅠᆼ 안좋기 때문 */
if (pcpu_chosen_fc == PCPU_FC_AUTO && pcpu_need_numa())
pcpu_chosen_fc = PCPU_FC_PAGE;
#endif
rc = -EINVAL;
/* first chunk 방식이 PAGE가 아니면 auto 또는 embed인데, auto 는
* embed, page 순으로 시도하게 된다(결국 PCPU_FC_EMBED == PCPU_FC_AUTO) */
if (pcpu_chosen_fc != PCPU_FC_PAGE) {
const size_t dyn_size = PERCPU_MODULE_RESERVE +
PERCPU_DYNAMIC_RESERVE - PERCPU_FIRST_CHUNK_RESERVE; // 8KB + 20KB - 8KB
size_t atom_size;
/*
* On 64bit, use PMD_SIZE for atom_size so that embedded
* percpu areas are aligned to PMD. This, in the future,
* can also allow using PMD mappings in vmalloc area. Use
* PAGE_SIZE on 32bit as vmalloc space is highly contended
* and large vmalloc area allocs can easily fail.
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
/* 64bit 일때, PS bit를 사용 PAGE 단위를 2MB로 할당하여,
* vmalloc의 PMD size align 된 연속적인 공간을 얻기 위해서
* 인 것으로 보인다. 32bit에서는 2MB 단위로 요청하면, 자꾸
* 실패해서 체념한 듯.. :) */
atom_size = PMD_SIZE; // 2MB
#else
atom_size = PAGE_SIZE;
#endif
/* embed 방식으로 첫번재 청크를 할당한다. */
rc = pcpu_embed_first_chunk(PERCPU_FIRST_CHUNK_RESERVE, // 8 << 10
dyn_size, atom_size, // 20KB, 2MB
pcpu_cpu_distance, // func
pcpu_fc_alloc, pcpu_fc_free); // func, func
if (rc < 0)
pr_warning("%s allocator failed (%d), falling back to page size\n",
pcpu_fc_names[pcpu_chosen_fc], rc);
}
if (rc < 0)
/* `embed`방식으로 첫번재 청크를 할당이 실패하면 `page`방식으로 할당 한다. */
rc = pcpu_page_first_chunk(PERCPU_FIRST_CHUNK_RESERVE,
pcpu_fc_alloc, pcpu_fc_free,
pcpup_populate_pte);
if (rc < 0)
panic("cannot initialize percpu area (err=%d)", rc);
/* alrighty, percpu areas up and running */
delta = (unsigned long)pcpu_base_addr - (unsigned long)__per_cpu_start;
for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
/*
* per_cpu_offset()은 percpu variable에 더해져야만 하는 offset이다.
* 목적은 certain processor 까지의 거리를 위하여 존재.
* 대부분의 아키텍쳐는 __per_cpu_offset array를 사용하지만 x86_64는 자신만의 방법이 존재
*/
/* fc를 초기화 할 때 얻었던, unit offset에 차이값을 더해, 각각 cpu 오프셋을 구해준다 */
per_cpu_offset(cpu) = delta + pcpu_unit_offsets[cpu];
/*this_cpu_off라는 포인터에다가 offset저장*/
per_cpu(this_cpu_off, cpu) = per_cpu_offset(cpu);
/*cpu number도 함께 저장해준다.*/
per_cpu(cpu_number, cpu) = cpu;
/*
* x86_64에서는 percpu_segment와 canary를 사용하지 않는다.
* canary에 대한 설명은 http://studyfoss.egloos.com/5279959
* 에서 찾아볼 수 있도록 한다.
*/
setup_percpu_segment(cpu);
setup_stack_canary_segment(cpu);
/*
* Copy data used in early init routines from the
* initial arrays to the per cpu data areas. These
* arrays then become expendable and the *_early_ptr's
* are zeroed indicating that the static arrays are
* gone.
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
/* 기존에 구했던(early) apicid를 pcpu로 이동. */
per_cpu(x86_cpu_to_apicid, cpu) =
early_per_cpu_map(x86_cpu_to_apicid, cpu);
per_cpu(x86_bios_cpu_apicid, cpu) =
early_per_cpu_map(x86_bios_cpu_apicid, cpu);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
per_cpu(x86_cpu_to_logical_apicid, cpu) =
early_per_cpu_map(x86_cpu_to_logical_apicid, cpu);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
/* 각각의 cpu에 irq stack pointer지정. gs+canary영역이 48
* byte인데, irq_stack을 보호하기 위해 18 byte만큼을 더 둔 것으로
* 보임(정확하지 않음) */
per_cpu(irq_stack_ptr, cpu) =
per_cpu(irq_stack_union.irq_stack, cpu) +
IRQ_STACK_SIZE - 64;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
/* 기존에 구했던(early) NUMA 정보 역시 pcpu로 이동. */
per_cpu(x86_cpu_to_node_map, cpu) =
early_per_cpu_map(x86_cpu_to_node_map, cpu);
/*
* Ensure that the boot cpu numa_node is correct when the boot
* cpu is on a node that doesn't have memory installed.
* Also cpu_up() will call cpu_to_node() for APs when
* MEMORY_HOTPLUG is defined, before per_cpu(numa_node) is set
* up later with c_init aka intel_init/amd_init.
* So set them all (boot cpu and all APs).
*/
set_cpu_numa_node(cpu, early_cpu_to_node(cpu));
#endif
/*
* Up to this point, the boot CPU has been using .init.data
* area. Reload any changed state for the boot CPU.
*/
if (!cpu)
switch_to_new_gdt(cpu);
}
/* indicate the early static arrays will soon be gone */
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
early_per_cpu_ptr(x86_cpu_to_apicid) = NULL;
early_per_cpu_ptr(x86_bios_cpu_apicid) = NULL;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
early_per_cpu_ptr(x86_cpu_to_logical_apicid) = NULL;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
early_per_cpu_ptr(x86_cpu_to_node_map) = NULL;
#endif
/* Setup node to cpumask map */
setup_node_to_cpumask_map();
/* Setup cpu initialized, callin, callout masks */
setup_cpu_local_masks();
}
void __init setup_per_cpu_areas(void)
{
unsigned int cpu;
unsigned long delta;
int rc;
pr_info("NR_CPUS:%d nr_cpumask_bits:%d nr_cpu_ids:%d nr_node_ids:%d\n",
NR_CPUS, nr_cpumask_bits, nr_cpu_ids, nr_node_ids);
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
if (pcpu_chosen_fc == PCPU_FC_AUTO && pcpu_need_numa())
pcpu_chosen_fc = PCPU_FC_PAGE;
#endif
rc = -EINVAL;
if (pcpu_chosen_fc != PCPU_FC_PAGE) {
const size_t dyn_size = PERCPU_MODULE_RESERVE +
PERCPU_DYNAMIC_RESERVE - PERCPU_FIRST_CHUNK_RESERVE;
size_t atom_size;
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
atom_size = PMD_SIZE;
#else
atom_size = PAGE_SIZE;
#endif
rc = pcpu_embed_first_chunk(PERCPU_FIRST_CHUNK_RESERVE,
dyn_size, atom_size,
pcpu_cpu_distance,
pcpu_fc_alloc, pcpu_fc_free);
if (rc < 0)
pr_warning("%s allocator failed (%d), falling back to page size\n",
pcpu_fc_names[pcpu_chosen_fc], rc);
}
if (rc < 0)
rc = pcpu_page_first_chunk(PERCPU_FIRST_CHUNK_RESERVE,
pcpu_fc_alloc, pcpu_fc_free,
pcpup_populate_pte);
if (rc < 0)
panic("cannot initialize percpu area (err=%d)", rc);
delta = (unsigned long)pcpu_base_addr - (unsigned long)__per_cpu_start;
for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
per_cpu_offset(cpu) = delta + pcpu_unit_offsets[cpu];
per_cpu(this_cpu_off, cpu) = per_cpu_offset(cpu);
per_cpu(cpu_number, cpu) = cpu;
setup_percpu_segment(cpu);
setup_stack_canary_segment(cpu);
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
per_cpu(x86_cpu_to_apicid, cpu) =
early_per_cpu_map(x86_cpu_to_apicid, cpu);
per_cpu(x86_bios_cpu_apicid, cpu) =
early_per_cpu_map(x86_bios_cpu_apicid, cpu);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
per_cpu(x86_cpu_to_logical_apicid, cpu) =
early_per_cpu_map(x86_cpu_to_logical_apicid, cpu);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
per_cpu(irq_stack_ptr, cpu) =
per_cpu(irq_stack_union.irq_stack, cpu) +
IRQ_STACK_SIZE - 64;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
per_cpu(x86_cpu_to_node_map, cpu) =
early_per_cpu_map(x86_cpu_to_node_map, cpu);
set_cpu_numa_node(cpu, early_cpu_to_node(cpu));
#endif
if (!cpu)
switch_to_new_gdt(cpu);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
early_per_cpu_ptr(x86_cpu_to_apicid) = NULL;
early_per_cpu_ptr(x86_bios_cpu_apicid) = NULL;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
early_per_cpu_ptr(x86_cpu_to_logical_apicid) = NULL;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
early_per_cpu_ptr(x86_cpu_to_node_map) = NULL;
#endif
setup_node_to_cpumask_map();
setup_cpu_local_masks();
}
/*
* Great future plan:
* Declare PDA itself and support (irqstack,tss,pgd) as per cpu data.
* Always point %gs to its beginning
*/
void __init setup_per_cpu_areas(void)
{
size_t static_size = __per_cpu_end - __per_cpu_start;
unsigned int cpu;
unsigned long delta;
size_t pcpu_unit_size;
ssize_t ret;
pr_info("NR_CPUS:%d nr_cpumask_bits:%d nr_cpu_ids:%d nr_node_ids:%d\n",
NR_CPUS, nr_cpumask_bits, nr_cpu_ids, nr_node_ids);
/*
* Allocate percpu area. If PSE is supported, try to make use
* of large page mappings. Please read comments on top of
* each allocator for details.
*/
ret = setup_pcpu_remap(static_size);
if (ret < 0)
ret = setup_pcpu_embed(static_size);
if (ret < 0)
ret = setup_pcpu_4k(static_size);
if (ret < 0)
panic("cannot allocate static percpu area (%zu bytes, err=%zd)",
static_size, ret);
pcpu_unit_size = ret;
/* alrighty, percpu areas up and running */
delta = (unsigned long)pcpu_base_addr - (unsigned long)__per_cpu_start;
for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
per_cpu_offset(cpu) = delta + cpu * pcpu_unit_size;
per_cpu(this_cpu_off, cpu) = per_cpu_offset(cpu);
per_cpu(cpu_number, cpu) = cpu;
setup_percpu_segment(cpu);
setup_stack_canary_segment(cpu);
/*
* Copy data used in early init routines from the
* initial arrays to the per cpu data areas. These
* arrays then become expendable and the *_early_ptr's
* are zeroed indicating that the static arrays are
* gone.
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
per_cpu(x86_cpu_to_apicid, cpu) =
early_per_cpu_map(x86_cpu_to_apicid, cpu);
per_cpu(x86_bios_cpu_apicid, cpu) =
early_per_cpu_map(x86_bios_cpu_apicid, cpu);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
per_cpu(irq_stack_ptr, cpu) =
per_cpu(irq_stack_union.irq_stack, cpu) +
IRQ_STACK_SIZE - 64;
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
per_cpu(x86_cpu_to_node_map, cpu) =
early_per_cpu_map(x86_cpu_to_node_map, cpu);
#endif
#endif
/*
* Up to this point, the boot CPU has been using .data.init
* area. Reload any changed state for the boot CPU.
*/
if (cpu == boot_cpu_id)
switch_to_new_gdt(cpu);
}
/* indicate the early static arrays will soon be gone */
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
early_per_cpu_ptr(x86_cpu_to_apicid) = NULL;
early_per_cpu_ptr(x86_bios_cpu_apicid) = NULL;
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_X86_64) && defined(CONFIG_NUMA)
early_per_cpu_ptr(x86_cpu_to_node_map) = NULL;
#endif
/* Setup node to cpumask map */
setup_node_to_cpumask_map();
/* Setup cpu initialized, callin, callout masks */
setup_cpu_local_masks();
}