END_TEST
/* test vmi_translate_uv2p */
//TODO figure out how to test this
//START_TEST (test_libvmi_uv2p)
//{
// vmi_translate_uv2p(vmi, vaddr, pid)
//}
//END_TEST
/* test vmi_translate_ksym2v */
START_TEST (test_libvmi_ksym2v)
{
vmi_instance_t vmi = NULL;
vmi_init(&vmi, VMI_AUTO | VMI_INIT_COMPLETE, get_testvm());
addr_t va = 0;
if (VMI_OS_WINDOWS == vmi_get_ostype(vmi)){
va = vmi_translate_ksym2v(vmi, "PsInitialSystemProcess");
}
else if (VMI_OS_LINUX == vmi_get_ostype(vmi)){
va = vmi_translate_ksym2v(vmi, "init_task");
}
else{
fail_unless(0, "vmi set to invalid os type");
}
fail_unless(va != 0, "ksym2v translation failed");
vmi_destroy(vmi);
}
END_TEST
/* test vmi_translate_kv2p */
START_TEST (test_libvmi_kv2p)
{
vmi_instance_t vmi = NULL;
vmi_init(&vmi, VMI_AUTO | VMI_INIT_COMPLETE, get_testvm());
addr_t va = 0;
if (VMI_OS_WINDOWS == vmi_get_ostype(vmi)){
va = vmi_translate_ksym2v(vmi, "PsInitialSystemProcess");
}
else if (VMI_OS_LINUX == vmi_get_ostype(vmi)){
va = vmi_translate_ksym2v(vmi, "init_task");
}
else{
fail_unless(0, "vmi set to invalid os type");
}
addr_t pa = vmi_translate_kv2p(vmi, va);
fail_unless(pa != 0, "kv2p translation failed");
vmi_destroy(vmi);
}
status_t get_vm_offsets(vmi_instance_t vmi, image_offset *offset_struct)
{
/* TODO: (pwwp)
* Get offset through config file
* may use: libconfig
* Below is just a linux example
*/
offset_struct->state_offset = 0x0;
offset_struct->rt_priority_offset = 0x5c;
offset_struct->total_vm_offset=0xa8;
offset_struct->rss_stat_offset = 0x2a8;
offset_struct->element_offset = 0x8;
offset_struct->utime_offset = 0x388;
offset_struct->stime_offset = 0x410;
/* init the offset values */
if (VMI_OS_LINUX == vmi_get_ostype(vmi))
{
offset_struct->tasks_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "linux_tasks");
offset_struct->name_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "linux_name");
offset_struct->pid_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "linux_pid");
offset_struct->mm_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi,"linux_mm");
}
else if (VMI_OS_WINDOWS == vmi_get_ostype(vmi))
{
offset_struct->tasks_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "win_tasks");
offset_struct->name_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "win_pname");
offset_struct->pid_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "win_pid");
}
// An error happens when any of the offset is 0.
// When that happens, return S_ERROR
if (!(offset_struct->tasks_offset && offset_struct->pid_offset && offset_struct->name_offset))
return VMI_FAILURE;
else
return VMI_SUCCESS;
}
const char *
vmi_get_rekall_path(
vmi_instance_t vmi){
switch(vmi_get_ostype(vmi))
{
case VMI_OS_LINUX:
return (const char*)((linux_instance_t)vmi->os_data)->rekall_profile;
case VMI_OS_WINDOWS:
return (const char*)((windows_instance_t)vmi->os_data)->rekall_profile;
default:
return NULL;
}
}
unicode_string_t *
vmi_read_unicode_str_va(
vmi_instance_t vmi,
addr_t vaddr,
vmi_pid_t pid)
{
os_t os = vmi_get_ostype(vmi);
if (VMI_OS_LINUX == os) {
return vmi_read_linux_unicode_str_va(vmi, vaddr, pid);
}
else if (VMI_OS_WINDOWS == os) {
return vmi_read_win_unicode_struct_va(vmi, vaddr, pid);
}
else {
return 0;
}
}
int introspect_process_list (char *name) {
vmi_instance_t vmi;
addr_t list_head = 0, next_list_entry = 0, current_process = 0;
vmi_pid_t pid = 0;
char *procname = NULL;
if (vmi_init(&vmi, VMI_XEN | VMI_INIT_COMPLETE, name) == VMI_FAILURE) {
printf("Failed to init LibVMI library.\n");
return 1;
}
vmi_pause_vm(vmi);
/**
* get offsets of the kernel data structures
* get the head of the task_struct
*/
switch(vmi_get_ostype(vmi)) {
case VMI_OS_LINUX:
tasks_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "linux_tasks");
name_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "linux_name");
pid_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "linux_pid");
list_head = vmi_translate_ksym2v(vmi, "init_task") + tasks_offset;
break;
case VMI_OS_WINDOWS:
tasks_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "win_tasks");
name_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "win_pname");
pid_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "win_pid");
list_head = vmi_translate_ksym2v(vmi, "PsActiveProcessHead");
break;
default:
goto exit;
}
if (tasks_offset == 0 || pid_offset == 0 || name_offset == 0) {
printf("Failed to find offsets\n");
goto exit;
}
next_list_entry = list_head;
/**
* traverse the task lists and print out each process
*/
do {
current_process = next_list_entry - tasks_offset;
vmi_read_32_va(vmi, current_process + pid_offset, 0, (uint32_t*)&pid);
procname = vmi_read_str_va(vmi, current_process + name_offset, 0);
if (!procname) {
printf("Failed to find procname\n");
goto exit;
}
printf("[%5d] %s\n", pid, procname);
free(procname);
procname = NULL;
if (vmi_read_addr_va(vmi, next_list_entry, 0, &next_list_entry) == VMI_FAILURE) {
printf("Failed to read next pointer in loop at %"PRIx64"\n", next_list_entry);
goto exit;
}
} while(next_list_entry != list_head);
exit:
vmi_resume_vm(vmi);
vmi_destroy(vmi);
return 0;
}
int main (int argc, char **argv)
{
vmi_instance_t vmi;
unsigned char *memory = NULL;
uint32_t offset;
addr_t list_head = 0, next_list_entry = 0;
addr_t current_process = 0;
addr_t tmp_next = 0;
char *procname = NULL;
vmi_pid_t pid = 0;
unsigned long tasks_offset = 0, pid_offset = 0, name_offset = 0;
status_t status;
/* this is the VM or file that we are looking at */
if (argc != 2) {
printf("Usage: %s <vmname>\n", argv[0]);
return 1;
} // if
char *name = argv[1];
/* initialize the libvmi library */
if (vmi_init(&vmi, VMI_AUTO | VMI_INIT_COMPLETE, name) == VMI_FAILURE) {
printf("Failed to init LibVMI library.\n");
return 1;
}
/* init the offset values */
if (VMI_OS_LINUX == vmi_get_ostype(vmi)) {
tasks_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "linux_tasks");
name_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "linux_name");
pid_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "linux_pid");
}
else if (VMI_OS_WINDOWS == vmi_get_ostype(vmi)) {
tasks_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "win_tasks");
name_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "win_pname");
pid_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "win_pid");
}
if (0 == tasks_offset) {
printf("Failed to find win_tasks\n");
goto error_exit;
}
if (0 == pid_offset) {
printf("Failed to find win_pid\n");
goto error_exit;
}
if (0 == name_offset) {
printf("Failed to find win_pname\n");
goto error_exit;
}
/* pause the vm for consistent memory access */
if (vmi_pause_vm(vmi) != VMI_SUCCESS) {
printf("Failed to pause VM\n");
goto error_exit;
} // if
/* demonstrate name and id accessors */
char *name2 = vmi_get_name(vmi);
if (VMI_FILE != vmi_get_access_mode(vmi)) {
unsigned long id = vmi_get_vmid(vmi);
printf("Process listing for VM %s (id=%lu)\n", name2, id);
}
else {
printf("Process listing for file %s\n", name2);
}
free(name2);
/* get the head of the list */
if (VMI_OS_LINUX == vmi_get_ostype(vmi)) {
/* Begin at PID 0, the 'swapper' task. It's not typically shown by OS
* utilities, but it is indeed part of the task list and useful to
* display as such.
*/
list_head = vmi_translate_ksym2v(vmi, "init_task") + tasks_offset;
}
else if (VMI_OS_WINDOWS == vmi_get_ostype(vmi)) {
// find PEPROCESS PsInitialSystemProcess
if(VMI_FAILURE == vmi_read_addr_ksym(vmi, "PsActiveProcessHead", &list_head)) {
printf("Failed to find PsActiveProcessHead\n");
goto error_exit;
}
}
next_list_entry = list_head;
/* walk the task list */
do {
current_process = next_list_entry - tasks_offset;
/* Note: the task_struct that we are looking at has a lot of
* information. However, the process name and id are burried
* nice and deep. Instead of doing something sane like mapping
* this data to a task_struct, I'm just jumping to the location
* with the info that I want. This helps to make the example
* code cleaner, if not more fragile. In a real app, you'd
* want to do this a little more robust :-) See
* include/linux/sched.h for mode details */
/* NOTE: _EPROCESS.UniqueProcessId is a really VOID*, but is never > 32 bits,
* so this is safe enough for x64 Windows for example purposes */
vmi_read_32_va(vmi, current_process + pid_offset, 0, (uint32_t*)&pid);
procname = vmi_read_str_va(vmi, current_process + name_offset, 0);
if (!procname) {
printf("Failed to find procname\n");
goto error_exit;
}
/* print out the process name */
printf("[%5d] %s (struct addr:%"PRIx64")\n", pid, procname, current_process);
if (procname) {
free(procname);
procname = NULL;
}
/* follow the next pointer */
status = vmi_read_addr_va(vmi, next_list_entry, 0, &next_list_entry);
if (status == VMI_FAILURE) {
printf("Failed to read next pointer in loop at %"PRIx64"\n", next_list_entry);
goto error_exit;
}
} while(next_list_entry != list_head);
error_exit:
/* resume the vm */
vmi_resume_vm(vmi);
/* cleanup any memory associated with the LibVMI instance */
vmi_destroy(vmi);
return 0;
}
void list_processes(vmi_instance_t vmi, addr_t current_process,
addr_t list_head, unsigned long tasks_offset, addr_t current_list_entry,
addr_t next_list_entry, unsigned long pid_offset,
vmi_pid_t pid, char* procname, unsigned long name_offset) {
/* demonstrate name and id accessors */
char* name2 = vmi_get_name(vmi);
if (VMI_FILE != vmi_get_access_mode(vmi)) {
uint64_t id = vmi_get_vmid(vmi);
printf("Process listing for VM %s (id=%"PRIu64")\n", name2, id);
} else {
printf("Process listing for file %s\n", name2);
}
free(name2);
/* get the head of the list */
if (VMI_OS_LINUX == vmi_get_ostype(vmi)) {
/* Begin at PID 0, the 'swapper' task. It's not typically shown by OS
* utilities, but it is indeed part of the task list and useful to
* display as such.
*/
current_process = vmi_translate_ksym2v(vmi, "init_task");
} else if (VMI_OS_WINDOWS == vmi_get_ostype(vmi)) {
// find PEPROCESS PsInitialSystemProcess
vmi_read_addr_ksym(vmi, "PsInitialSystemProcess", ¤t_process);
}
/* walk the task list */
list_head = current_process + tasks_offset;
current_list_entry = list_head;
status_t status = vmi_read_addr_va(vmi, current_list_entry, 0, &next_list_entry);
if (status == VMI_FAILURE) {
printf("Failed to read next pointer at 0x%"PRIx64" before entering loop\n",
current_list_entry);
goto error_exit;
}
printf("Next list entry is at: %"PRIx64"\n", next_list_entry);
do {
/* Note: the task_struct that we are looking at has a lot of
* information. However, the process name and id are burried
* nice and deep. Instead of doing something sane like mapping
* this data to a task_struct, I'm just jumping to the location
* with the info that I want. This helps to make the example
* code cleaner, if not more fragile. In a real app, you'd
* want to do this a little more robust :-) See
* include/linux/sched.h for mode details */
/* NOTE: _EPROCESS.UniqueProcessId is a really VOID*, but is never > 32 bits,
* so this is safe enough for x64 Windows for example purposes */
vmi_read_32_va(vmi, current_process + pid_offset, 0, (uint32_t*)&pid);
procname = vmi_read_str_va(vmi, current_process + name_offset, 0);
if (!procname) {
printf("Failed to find procname\n");
goto error_exit;
}
/* print out the process name */
printf("[%5d] %s (struct addr:%"PRIx64")\n", pid, procname, current_process);
if (procname) {
free(procname);
procname = NULL;
}
current_list_entry = next_list_entry;
current_process = current_list_entry - tasks_offset;
/* follow the next pointer */
status = vmi_read_addr_va(vmi, current_list_entry, 0, &next_list_entry);
if (status == VMI_FAILURE) {
printf("Failed to read next pointer in loop at %"PRIx64"\n",
current_list_entry);
goto error_exit;
}
} while (next_list_entry != list_head);
error_exit: if (procname)
free(procname);
}
int main (int argc, char **argv)
{
/* this is the VM or file that we are looking at */
if (argc != 2) {
printf("Usage: %s <vmname>\n", argv[0]);
return 1;
}
#if ENABLE_SHM_SNAPSHOT == 1
vmi_instance_t vmi;
addr_t list_head = 0, current_list_entry = 0, next_list_entry = 0;
addr_t current_process = 0;
char *procname = NULL;
vmi_pid_t pid = 0;
unsigned long tasks_offset, pid_offset, name_offset;
char *name = argv[1];
/* initialize the libvmi library */
if (vmi_init(&vmi, VMI_AUTO | VMI_INIT_COMPLETE, name) == VMI_FAILURE) {
printf("Failed to init LibVMI library.\n");
return 1;
}
/* init the offset values */
if (VMI_OS_LINUX == vmi_get_ostype(vmi)) {
tasks_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "linux_tasks");
name_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "linux_name");
pid_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "linux_pid");
/* NOTE:
* name_offset is no longer hard-coded. Rather, it is now set
* via libvmi.conf.
*/
}
else if (VMI_OS_WINDOWS == vmi_get_ostype(vmi)) {
tasks_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "win_tasks");
if (0 == tasks_offset) {
printf("Failed to find win_tasks\n");
goto error_exit;
}
name_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "win_pname");
if (0 == name_offset) {
printf("Failed to find win_pname\n");
goto error_exit;
}
pid_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "win_pid");
if (0 == pid_offset) {
printf("Failed to find win_pid\n");
goto error_exit;
}
}
/* create a shm-snapshot */
if (vmi_shm_snapshot_create(vmi) != VMI_SUCCESS) {
printf("Failed to shm-snapshot VM\n");
goto error_exit;
}
/* demonstrate name and id accessors */
list_processes(vmi, current_process, list_head, tasks_offset,
current_list_entry, next_list_entry, pid_offset, pid,
procname, name_offset);
error_exit: if (procname)
free(procname);
/* destroy the shm-snapshot, and return live mode */
vmi_shm_snapshot_destroy(vmi);
/* cleanup any memory associated with the LibVMI instance */
vmi_destroy(vmi);
return 0;
#else
printf("Error : this example should only run after ./configure --enable-shm-snapshot.\n");
return 1; // error
#endif
}
extern proc_info *process_list (char *name, image_offset *img_offsets,
char *config_string)
{
vmi_instance_t vmi;
addr_t list_head = 0, next_list_entry = 0;
addr_t current_process_addr = 0;
char *procname = NULL;
status_t status;
int image_offsets_provided = 0;
printf("config_string: \n%s\n", config_string);
/* initialize the libvmi library */
if (vmi_init(&vmi, VMI_AUTO | VMI_INIT_PARTIAL, name) == VMI_FAILURE)
{
printf("Failed to init Libvmi Library on the first time.");
return NULL;
}
if(vmi_init_complete_custom(&vmi, VMI_CONFIG_STRING, config_string) == VMI_FAILURE)
{
printf("Failed to init LibVMI library on the second time.\n");
return NULL;
}
printf("1\n");
/* initialize the offsets */
if(img_offsets == NULL)
{
img_offsets = (image_offset*)malloc(sizeof(image_offset));
if (get_vm_offsets(vmi, img_offsets) == VMI_FAILURE)
{
printf("Failed to load offsets.\n");
vmi_destroy(vmi);
free(img_offsets);
return NULL;
}
}
else
{
image_offsets_provided = 1;
printf("Using provided image offsets\n");
}
printf("2\n");
/* pause the vm for consistent memory access */
if (vmi_pause_vm(vmi) != VMI_SUCCESS)
{
printf("Failed to pause VM\n");
resume_vm(&vmi);
if(!image_offsets_provided)
free(img_offsets);
return NULL;
}
/* demonstrate name and id accessors */
char *name2 = vmi_get_name(vmi);
if (VMI_FILE != vmi_get_access_mode(vmi))
{
uint64_t id = vmi_get_vmid(vmi);
printf("Process listing for VM %s (id=%"PRIu64")\n", name2, id);
}
else
{
printf("Process listing for file %s\n", name2);
}
free(name2);
/* get the head of the list */
if (VMI_OS_LINUX == vmi_get_ostype(vmi))
{
/* Begin at PID 0, the 'swapper' task. It's not typically shown by OS
* utilities, but it is indeed part of the task list and useful to
* display as such.
*/
list_head = vmi_translate_ksym2v(vmi, "init_task") + img_offsets->tasks_offset;
}
else if (VMI_OS_WINDOWS == vmi_get_ostype(vmi))
{
/* find PEPROCESS PsInitialSystemProcess */
if(VMI_FAILURE == vmi_read_addr_ksym(vmi, "PsActiveProcessHead", &list_head))
{
printf("Failed to find PsActiveProcessHead\n");
resume_vm(&vmi);
if(!image_offsets_provided)
free(img_offsets);
return NULL;
}
}
next_list_entry = list_head;
/*
* Run process analyse for two rounds.
* The first round:
* - Collect basic process information: name, pid, etc;
* - Collect the initial s_time, u_time, mm for calculating
* cpu and memory usage;
* - Construct our own process-info struct (process-info linked list).
* The second round:
* - Read current s_time, u_time, mm, etc. and calculate
* cpu and memory usage;
* - Finalize process-info struct;
*/
/* The first round */
/* walk the task list and create */
printf("First round.\n");
proc_info *process_info_list_head = NULL, *previous_process_ptr = NULL, *current_process_ptr = NULL;
int is_head = 1;
time_t calculation_start_time, calculation_end_time;
vmi_read_64_va(vmi, vmi_translate_ksym2v(vmi, "jiffies"), 0, &calculation_start_time);
do {
current_process_ptr = (proc_info*)malloc(sizeof(proc_info));
current_process_addr = next_list_entry - img_offsets->tasks_offset;
/* NOTE: _EPROCESS.UniqueProcessId is a really VOID*, but is never > 32 bits,
* so this is safe enough for x64 Windows for example purposes */
vmi_read_32_va(vmi, current_process_addr + img_offsets->pid_offset, 0, (uint32_t*)&(current_process_ptr->pid));
current_process_ptr->name = vmi_read_str_va(vmi, current_process_addr + img_offsets->name_offset, 0);
vmi_read_64_va(vmi, current_process_addr + img_offsets->utime_offset, 0, &(current_process_ptr->r_utime));
vmi_read_64_va(vmi, current_process_addr + img_offsets->stime_offset, 0, &(current_process_ptr->r_stime));
/* current_process_ptr->name == NULL implies reading process info is not successful */
if (!current_process_ptr->name) {
printf("Failed to find process name\n");
resume_vm(&vmi);
if(!image_offsets_provided)
free(img_offsets);
return NULL;
}
/* follow the next pointer and load the entry of next process*/
status = vmi_read_addr_va(vmi, next_list_entry, 0, &next_list_entry);
if (status == VMI_FAILURE) {
printf("Failed to read next pointer in loop at %"PRIx64"\n", next_list_entry);
resume_vm(&vmi);
if(!image_offsets_provided)
free(img_offsets);
return NULL;
}
if(is_head){
is_head = 0;
process_info_list_head = current_process_ptr;
previous_process_ptr = current_process_ptr;
}else{
previous_process_ptr->next = current_process_ptr;
previous_process_ptr = current_process_ptr;
}
} while(next_list_entry != list_head);
current_process_ptr->next = NULL;
vmi_resume_vm(vmi);
sleep(3);
/* The second round */
printf("Second round.\n");
uint64_t total_memory_size = vmi_get_memsize(vmi) / 1024; // total_memory_size unit: KB
int dont_read_next_process = 0;
vmi_pause_vm(vmi);
is_head = 1;
int old_list_has_ended = 0;
proc_info* old_list_ptr = process_info_list_head;
current_process_ptr = process_info_list_head;
previous_process_ptr = process_info_list_head;
next_list_entry = list_head;
vmi_pid_t proc_pid;
uint64_t new_utime, new_stime, sum_process_time_before, sum_process_time_after;
/* walk the task list */
vmi_read_64_va(vmi, vmi_translate_ksym2v(vmi, "jiffies"), 0, &calculation_end_time);
do {
if (old_list_ptr == NULL)
{
old_list_has_ended = 1;
}
current_process_addr = next_list_entry - img_offsets->tasks_offset;
/* NOTE: _EPROCESS.UniqueProcessId is a really VOID*, but is never > 32 bits,
* so this is safe enough for x64 Windows for example purposes */
vmi_read_32_va(vmi, current_process_addr + img_offsets->pid_offset, 0, (uint32_t*)&proc_pid);
if(old_list_has_ended || proc_pid < old_list_ptr->pid)
{
/* new process was created between sleep time
* and pid is smaller than current process pid
*/
proc_info *new_process_ptr = (proc_info*)malloc(sizeof(proc_info));
new_process_ptr->name = vmi_read_str_va(vmi, current_process_addr + img_offsets->name_offset, 0);
new_process_ptr->type = P_NEW_PROCESS;
vmi_read_32_va(vmi, current_process_addr + img_offsets->pid_offset, 0, (uint32_t*)&(new_process_ptr->pid));
/* pointer related operations */
if(is_head)
{
process_info_list_head = new_process_ptr;
current_process_ptr = new_process_ptr;
previous_process_ptr = new_process_ptr;
is_head = 0;
}
else
{
current_process_ptr = new_process_ptr;
previous_process_ptr->next = current_process_ptr;
previous_process_ptr = current_process_ptr;
}
}
else if (proc_pid > old_list_ptr->pid)
{
/* previous process has ended between sleep time */
old_list_ptr->type = P_ENDED_PROCESS;
dont_read_next_process = 1;
if(is_head)
{
is_head = 0;
old_list_ptr = old_list_ptr->next;
continue;
}
current_process_ptr = old_list_ptr;
previous_process_ptr->next = current_process_ptr;
previous_process_ptr = current_process_ptr;
old_list_ptr = old_list_ptr->next;
}
else
{
/* the process still exists. cpu% and mem% can be calculated*/
current_process_ptr = old_list_ptr;
current_process_ptr->type = P_EXIST_PROCESS;
/* get priority and state */
vmi_read_64_va(vmi, current_process_addr + img_offsets->state_offset, 0, (uint64_t*)&(current_process_ptr->state));
vmi_read_32_va(vmi, current_process_addr + img_offsets->rt_priority_offset, 0, (uint32_t*)&(current_process_ptr->priority));
/* read process cpu time */
vmi_read_64_va(vmi, current_process_addr + img_offsets->utime_offset, 0, &new_utime);
vmi_read_64_va(vmi, current_process_addr + img_offsets->stime_offset, 0, &new_stime);
/* calculate cpu usage */
sum_process_time_after = new_utime + new_stime;
sum_process_time_before = current_process_ptr->r_stime + current_process_ptr->r_utime;
current_process_ptr->cpu_percent = (double)(sum_process_time_after - sum_process_time_before) / (calculation_end_time - calculation_start_time) * 100.0;
/* get total vm pages for calculating virtual memory usage */
addr_t mm_addr = NULL;
uint32_t total_vm_pages = 0;
vmi_read_addr_va(vmi, current_process_addr + img_offsets->mm_offset, 0, &mm_addr);
vmi_read_32_va(vmi, mm_addr + img_offsets->total_vm_offset,0, &total_vm_pages);
current_process_ptr->virtual_memory_usage = total_vm_pages * PAGE_SIZE_KB;
/* get rss count for calculating physical memory usage*/
int i = 0;
uint64_t rss_count = 0, temp = 0;
for(i = 0; i < NR_MM_COUNTERS; i++)
{
vmi_read_64_va(vmi, mm_addr + img_offsets->rss_stat_offset + i * img_offsets->element_offset, 0, (uint64_t*)&temp);
rss_count += temp;
}
current_process_ptr->physical_memory_usage = rss_count * PAGE_SIZE_KB;
/* calculate memory usage (percent) */
current_process_ptr->memory_percent = (double)rss_count * PAGE_SIZE_KB / total_memory_size * 100.0;
/* deal with pointer */
if(is_head)
is_head = 0;
else
{
previous_process_ptr->next = current_process_ptr;
previous_process_ptr = current_process_ptr;
}
old_list_ptr = old_list_ptr->next;
}
if(!dont_read_next_process)
{
/* follow the next pointer and load the entry of next process*/
status = vmi_read_addr_va(vmi, next_list_entry, 0, &next_list_entry);
if (status == VMI_FAILURE)
{
printf("Failed to read next pointer in loop at %"PRIx64"\n", next_list_entry);
resume_vm(&vmi);
free(img_offsets);
return NULL;
}
}
else
dont_read_next_process = 0;
} while(next_list_entry != list_head);
if(!old_list_has_ended)
current_process_ptr->next = old_list_ptr;
else if(current_process_ptr != NULL)
current_process_ptr->next = NULL;
if(!image_offsets_provided)
free(img_offsets);
vmi_resume_vm(vmi);
vmi_destroy(vmi);
//current_process_ptr = process_info_list_head;
//while(current_process_ptr != NULL)
//{
//current_process_ptr = process_info_list_head;
//while(current_process_ptr != NULL)
//{
// printf("%d | %s | %04.2lf \n", current_process_ptr->pid, current_process_ptr->name, current_process_ptr->cpu_percent);
// current_process_ptr = current_process_ptr->next;
//}
return process_info_list_head;
}
int
main(
int argc,
char **argv)
{
vmi_instance_t vmi;
uint32_t offset;
addr_t next_module, list_head;
/* this is the VM or file that we are looking at */
char *name = argv[1];
/* initialize the libvmi library */
if (vmi_init(&vmi, VMI_AUTO | VMI_INIT_COMPLETE, name) ==
VMI_FAILURE) {
printf("Failed to init LibVMI library.\n");
return 1;
}
/* pause the vm for consistent memory access */
vmi_pause_vm(vmi);
/* get the head of the module list */
if (VMI_OS_LINUX == vmi_get_ostype(vmi)) {
vmi_read_addr_ksym(vmi, "modules", &next_module);
}
else if (VMI_OS_WINDOWS == vmi_get_ostype(vmi)) {
vmi_read_addr_ksym(vmi, "PsLoadedModuleList", &next_module);
}
list_head = next_module;
/* walk the module list */
while (1) {
/* follow the next pointer */
addr_t tmp_next = 0;
vmi_read_addr_va(vmi, next_module, 0, &tmp_next);
/* if we are back at the list head, we are done */
if (list_head == tmp_next) {
break;
}
/* print out the module name */
/* Note: the module struct that we are looking at has a string
* directly following the next / prev pointers. This is why you
* can just add the length of 2 address fields to get the name.
* See include/linux/module.h for mode details */
if (VMI_OS_LINUX == vmi_get_ostype(vmi)) {
char *modname = NULL;
if (VMI_PM_IA32E == vmi_get_page_mode(vmi)) { // 64-bit paging
modname = vmi_read_str_va(vmi, next_module + 16, 0);
}
else {
modname = vmi_read_str_va(vmi, next_module + 8, 0);
}
printf("%s\n", modname);
free(modname);
}
else if (VMI_OS_WINDOWS == vmi_get_ostype(vmi)) {
/*TODO don't use a hard-coded offsets here */
/* this offset works with WinXP SP2 */
unicode_string_t *us =
vmi_read_unicode_str_va(vmi, next_module + 0x2c, 0);
unicode_string_t out = { 0 };
// both of these work
if (us &&
VMI_SUCCESS == vmi_convert_str_encoding(us, &out,
"UTF-8")) {
printf("%s\n", out.contents);
// if (us &&
// VMI_SUCCESS == vmi_convert_string_encoding (us, &out, "WCHAR_T")) {
// printf ("%ls\n", out.contents);
free(out.contents);
} // if
if (us)
vmi_free_unicode_str(us);
}
next_module = tmp_next;
}
error_exit:
/* resume the vm */
vmi_resume_vm(vmi);
/* cleanup any memory associated with the libvmi instance */
vmi_destroy(vmi);
return 0;
}
int main (int argc, char **argv)
{
// local variables
vmi_instance_t vmi;
int ret_val = 0; // return code for after goto
struct sigaction signal_action;
// process list vars
vmi_pid_t pid = 0;
char *procname = NULL;
addr_t list_head = 0;
addr_t next_list_entry = 0;
addr_t current_process = 0;
addr_t tmp_next = 0;
status_t status;
// breakpoint vars
char* *sym;
uint16_t *off;
vmi_pid_t *bpid;
addr_t *add;
uint8_t *byt;
addr_t lib_map_addr = 0;
addr_t BN_rand_addr = 0;
int bnrand_jump_offset = 0;
addr_t bnrand_addr = 0;
// this is the VM or file that we are looking at
if (argc < 2) {
printf("Usage: %s <vmname>\n", argv[0]);
return 1;
}
char *name = argv[1];
////////////////////
// Initialization //
////////////////////
// initialize the libvmi library
printf("Initializing libvmi for VM \"%s\"\n", name);
if (vmi_init(&vmi, VMI_XEN|VMI_INIT_COMPLETE|VMI_INIT_EVENTS, name) == VMI_FAILURE) {
printf("Failed to init LibVMI library.\n");
ret_val = 2;
goto error_exit;
}
// verify OS is Linux
printf("Verifying the VM is running Linux...");
// TODO: verify that the VM is running a *supported* Linux kernel
// if kernel is not one we recognize, don't run because we'll be mucking around in memory we don't understand
if (VMI_OS_LINUX != vmi_get_ostype(vmi)) { // this only checks if /etc/libvmi.conf says it's "Linux"
printf("\nVM is running %s, exiting...\n", vmi_get_ostype(vmi));
ret_val = 3;
goto error_exit;
}
printf(" Yup. Good to go.\n");
// pause the vm for consistent memory access
printf("Pausing the VM\n");
if (vmi_pause_vm(vmi) != VMI_SUCCESS) {
printf("Failed to pause VM\n");
ret_val = 4;
goto error_exit; // don't return directly, do cleanup first
}
tasks_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "linux_tasks");
name_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "linux_name");
pid_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "linux_pid");
mm_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "linux_mm");
// hardcoded because config_parser doesn't support dynamic config vars
mmap_offset = 0x0;
vm_area_file_offset = 0xa0;
vm_area_next_offset = 0x10;
vm_area_start_offset = 0x0;
file_path_offset = 0x10;
dentry_offset = 0x8;
iname_offset = 0x38;
//mmap_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "linux_mmap");
//vm_area_file_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "linux_vm_file");
//vm_area_next_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "linux_vm_next");
//vm_area_start_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "linux_vm_start");
//file_path_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "linux_f_path");
//dentry_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "linux_dentry");
//iname_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "linux_d_iname");
if (0 == tasks_offset) {
printf("Failed to find tasks_offset\n");
goto error_exit;
}
if (0 == pid_offset) {
printf("Failed to find pid_offset\n");
goto error_exit;
}
if (0 == name_offset) {
printf("Failed to find name_offset\n");
goto error_exit;
}
if (0 == mm_offset) {
printf("Failed to find mm_offset\n");
goto error_exit;
}
//if (0 == mmap_offset) {
// printf("Failed to find mmap_offset\n");
// goto error_exit;
//}
//if (0 == vm_area_file_offset) {
// printf("Failed to find vm_area_file_offset\n");
// goto error_exit;
//}
//if (0 == vm_area_next_offset) {
// printf("Failed to find vm_area_next_offset\n");
// goto error_exit;
//}
//if (0 == vm_area_start_offset) {
// printf("Failed to find vm_area_start_offset\n");
// goto error_exit;
//}
//if (0 == file_path_offset) {
// printf("Failed to find file_path_offset\n");
// goto error_exit;
//}
//if (0 == dentry_offset) {
// printf("Failed to find dentry_offset\n");
// goto error_exit;
//}
//if (0 == iname_offset) {
// printf("Failed to find iname_offset\n");
// goto error_exit;
//}
// Set up breakpoints
breakpoints = (breakpoint_t*)calloc(MAX_BREAKPOINTS, sizeof(breakpoint_t)); // allocate space for each breakpoint, zero memory
//add_breakpoint("extract_entropy_user", 155, 0, 0xe8, before_extract_buf);
//add_breakpoint("extract_entropy_user", 160, 0, 0x83, after_extract_buf);
// new breakpoints created below
//////////////////////////
// Find apache2 process //
//////////////////////////
// find pid of apache2 processes
// for each process, read symbol table and find BN_rand function
// at offset +13 bytes from BN_rand, we find an offset from the instruction at BN_rand+17 (probably around -700 bytes)
// +570 bytes from the offset above, we find the instruction at which we want a breakpoint
// so, breakpoint at BN_rand+17+[BN_rand+13]+570
// then, at callback, read r13 for address of buffer, overwrite with TODO bytes
// find pid of apache2 processes
list_head = vmi_translate_ksym2v(vmi, "init_task") + tasks_offset; // find init_task struct and move to first linked list entry
next_list_entry = list_head; // iterator
do {
current_process = next_list_entry - tasks_offset; // subtract tasks_offset back off to get to head of struct
vmi_read_32_va(vmi, current_process + pid_offset, 0, (uint32_t*)&pid); // get pid of this process
procname = vmi_read_str_va(vmi, current_process + name_offset, 0); // get process name of this process
if (strncmp(procname,"apache2",sizeof("apache2")) == 0) {
printf("Finding library address in %s [pid %d]\n",procname,pid);
lib_map_addr = walk_vmmap_for_lib(vmi, current_process, "libcrypto.so.1.0.2");
if (lib_map_addr == 0) { // if failed to find lib
printf("Failed to find library in %s\n",procname);
ret_val = 9;
goto error_exit;
}
printf("Found library address: 0x%llx\n", lib_map_addr);
// for each process, read symbol table and find BN_rand function
BN_rand_addr = lib_map_addr + 0xd5a50; // static offset for BN_rand function
// at offset +13 bytes from BN_rand, we find an offset from the instruction at BN_rand+17 (probably around -700 bytes)
vmi_read_32_va(vmi, BN_rand_addr+13, pid, &bnrand_jump_offset); // get jump offset to bnrand function
//printf("jump offset: %d\n",bnrand_jump_offset);
bnrand_addr = BN_rand_addr+17+bnrand_jump_offset; // get address of bnrand function
//printf("bnrand: 0x%llx\n", bnrand_addr);
// +570 bytes from the offset above, we find the instruction at which we want a breakpoint
add_breakpoint_addr(bnrand_addr + 570, pid, 0x31, bnrand_callback);
//printf("Added breakpoint at 0x%llx\n",bnrand_addr+570);
}
status = vmi_read_addr_va(vmi, next_list_entry, 0, &next_list_entry); // follow linked-list->next to next element
if (status == VMI_FAILURE) {
printf("Failed to read next pointer in loop at %"PRIx64"\n", next_list_entry);
goto error_exit;
}
} while(next_list_entry != list_head);
for (int i = 0; i < num_breakpoints; i++) { // iterate over breakpoints and find the right addresses for them
////////////////////////////////////////////
// Find memory location to put breakpoint //
////////////////////////////////////////////
// assign short names (note: modifying these modifies the breakpoint struct)
sym = &breakpoints[i].symbol;
off = &breakpoints[i].offset;
bpid = &breakpoints[i].pid;
add = &breakpoints[i].addr;
byt = &breakpoints[i].inst_byte; // remember that if this is not set above, it should be zeroed from calloc
if (breakpoints[i].addr == 0) { // if don't have address, find symbol
// find address to break on
printf("Accessing System Map for %s symbol\n", *sym);
*add = vmi_translate_ksym2v(vmi, *sym) + *off;
printf("%s + %u is at 0x%llx\n", *sym, *off, *add);
}
// either verify the byte there is correct, or record which byte is there for later replacing
if (*byt == 0) { // if this byte was not set, we need to get it
vmi_read_8_va(vmi, *add, *bpid, byt); // read it directly into byt
printf("[pid %d] Saving byte at address 0x%llx: %x\n", *bpid, *add, *byt);
} else { // if the byte was set, verify that it's currently set to that value
uint8_t temp_byte = 0;
vmi_read_8_va(vmi, *add, *bpid, &temp_byte); // read it temporarily
printf("[pid %d] Checking byte at address 0x%llx is set to %x: %x\n", *bpid, *add, *byt, temp_byte);
if (*byt != temp_byte) { // uh oh, we have an error
ret_val = 8;
goto error_exit;
}
}
} // end first for loop after breakpoints are constructed properly
///////////////////
// Main gameplan //
// //
// https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/vmitools/jNGxM0LBEDM
// Based on the google groups discussion above (which I wish I found earlier, meh), it looks like the way people trap on instructions is to:
// 1) actually *modify* the memory to have the 0xcc (interrupt 3, aka breakpoint) instruction in place of the instruction it would have executed
// 2) register an event on receiving the INT3 signal and receive the callback
// 3) at the end of the callback, fix the memory to its original instruction,
// 4) single-step one instruction forward, executing the one instruction, then getting another callback
// 5) replace the previous instruction with to 0xcc, "resetting" the breakpoint, then clearing the event and continuing
// //
///////////////////
for (int i = 0; i < num_breakpoints; i++) { // iterate over breakpoints and insert them all
// assign short names (note: modifying these modifies the breakpoint struct)
add = &breakpoints[i].addr;
bpid = &breakpoints[i].pid;
byt = &breakpoints[i].inst_byte;
// Step 1: modify memory in the VM with an INT3 instruction (0xcc)
printf("[pid %d] Setting breakpoint at address 0x%llx.\n", *bpid, *add);
uint8_t int3 = INT3_INST; // create temporary variable because we can't use an address to a static #defined int
if (VMI_SUCCESS != vmi_write_8_va(vmi, *add, *bpid, &int3)) {
printf("[pid %d] Couldn't write INT3 instruction to memory... exiting.\n", *bpid);
ret_val = 5;
goto error_exit;
}
// debug: check memory is now an INT3 instruction
uint8_t temp_byte = 0;
vmi_read_8_va(vmi, *add, 0, &temp_byte);
printf("[pid %d] This should be an INT3 instruction (0xcc): 0x%x\n", *bpid, temp_byte);
} // end second for loop after breakpoints are all inserted and callback is registered
// Step 2: register an event on receiving INT3 signal
printf("Creating event for callback when breakpoint is reached.\n");
memset(&rng_event, 0, sizeof(vmi_event_t)); // clear rng_event so we can set everything fresh
rng_event.type = VMI_EVENT_INTERRUPT; // interrupt event -- trigger when interrupt occurs
rng_event.interrupt_event.intr = INT3; // trigger on INT3 instruction
rng_event.interrupt_event.reinject = 0; // swallow interrupt silently without passing it on to guest
rng_event.callback = rng_int3_event_callback; // reference to our callback function
printf("Registering event...\n");
if (VMI_SUCCESS == vmi_register_event(vmi, &rng_event)) {; // register the event!
printf("Event Registered!\n");
} else { // uh oh, event failed
printf("Problem registering event... exiting.\n");
ret_val = 6;
goto error_exit; // don't return directly, do cleanup first
}
// resume the VM
printf("Resuming the VM\n");
vmi_resume_vm(vmi);
//////////////////////////////////////
// Spin and wait for event callback //
//////////////////////////////////////
// for a clean exit, catch signals (from host, not VM), set "interrupted" to non-zero, exit while loop at end of main()
signal_action.sa_handler = close_handler;
signal_action.sa_flags = 0;
sigemptyset(&signal_action.sa_mask);
sigaction(SIGHUP, &signal_action, NULL);
sigaction(SIGTERM, &signal_action, NULL);
sigaction(SIGINT, &signal_action, NULL);
sigaction(SIGALRM, &signal_action, NULL);
while(!interrupted) { // until an interrupt happens
printf("Waiting for events...\n");
if (VMI_SUCCESS != vmi_events_listen(vmi, 500)) { // listen for events for 500ms (no event = VMI_SUCCESS)
printf("Error waiting for events... exiting.\n");
interrupted = -1;
}
}
printf("Finished with test.\n");
//////////////////
// Exit cleanly //
//////////////////
error_exit:
// attempt to remove breakpoints
for (int i = 0; i < num_breakpoints; i++) { // iterate over breakpoints and insert them all
// assign short names (note: modifying these modifies the breakpoint struct)
add = &breakpoints[i].addr;
bpid = &breakpoints[i].pid;
byt = &breakpoints[i].inst_byte;
printf("[pid %d] Removing breakpoint %d at 0x%llx.\n", *bpid, i, *add);
if (VMI_SUCCESS != vmi_write_8_va(vmi, *add, *bpid, byt)) {
printf("Couldn't write to memory... exiting.\n");
ret_val = 7;
}
}
// resume the vm
printf("Resuming the VM\n");
vmi_resume_vm(vmi);
// cleanup any memory associated with the LibVMI instance
printf("Cleaning up\n");
vmi_destroy(vmi);
return ret_val;
}
int main (int argc, char **argv)
{
vmi_instance_t vmi;
unsigned char *memory = NULL;
uint32_t offset;
addr_t next_process, list_head;
char *procname = NULL;
int pid = 0;
int tasks_offset, pid_offset, name_offset;
status_t status;
/* this is the VM or file that we are looking at */
if (argc != 2) {
printf ("Usage: %s <vmname>\n", argv[0]);
return 1;
} // if
char *name = argv[1];
/* initialize the libvmi library */
if (vmi_init(&vmi, VMI_AUTO | VMI_INIT_COMPLETE, name) == VMI_FAILURE){
printf("Failed to init LibVMI library.\n");
goto error_exit;
}
/* init the offset values */
if (VMI_OS_LINUX == vmi_get_ostype(vmi)){
tasks_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "linux_tasks");
name_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "linux_name");
pid_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "linux_pid");
/* NOTE:
* name_offset is no longer hard-coded. Rather, it is now set
* via libvmi.conf.
*/
}
else if (VMI_OS_WINDOWS == vmi_get_ostype(vmi)){
tasks_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "win_tasks");
if (0 == tasks_offset) {
printf("Failed to find win_tasks\n");
goto error_exit;
}
name_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "win_pname");
if (0 == tasks_offset) {
printf("Failed to find win_pname\n");
goto error_exit;
}
pid_offset = vmi_get_offset(vmi, "win_pid");
if (0 == tasks_offset) {
printf("Failed to find win_pid\n");
goto error_exit;
}
}
/* pause the vm for consistent memory access */
if (vmi_pause_vm(vmi) != VMI_SUCCESS) {
printf("Failed to pause VM\n");
goto error_exit;
} // if
/* demonstrate name and id accessors */
char *name2 = vmi_get_name(vmi);
if (VMI_FILE != vmi_get_access_mode(vmi)){
unsigned long id = vmi_get_vmid(vmi);
printf("Process listing for VM %s (id=%lu)\n", name2, id);
}
else{
printf("Process listing for file %s\n", name2);
}
free(name2);
/* get the head of the list */
if (VMI_OS_LINUX == vmi_get_ostype(vmi)){
addr_t init_task_va = vmi_translate_ksym2v(vmi, "init_task");
vmi_read_addr_va(vmi, init_task_va + tasks_offset, 0, &next_process);
}
else if (VMI_OS_WINDOWS == vmi_get_ostype(vmi)){
uint32_t pdbase = 0;
// find PEPROCESS PsInitialSystemProcess
vmi_read_addr_ksym(vmi, "PsInitialSystemProcess", &list_head);
vmi_read_addr_va(vmi, list_head + tasks_offset, 0, &next_process);
vmi_read_32_va(vmi, list_head + pid_offset, 0, &pid);
vmi_read_32_va(vmi, list_head + pid_offset, 0, &pid);
procname = vmi_read_str_va(vmi, list_head + name_offset, 0);
if (!procname) {
printf ("Failed to find first procname\n");
goto error_exit;
}
printf("[%5d] %s\n", pid, procname);
if (procname){
free(procname);
procname = NULL;
}
}
list_head = next_process;
/* walk the task list */
while (1){
/* follow the next pointer */
addr_t tmp_next = 0;
vmi_read_addr_va(vmi, next_process, 0, &tmp_next);
/* if we are back at the list head, we are done */
if (list_head == tmp_next){
break;
}
/* print out the process name */
/* Note: the task_struct that we are looking at has a lot of
information. However, the process name and id are burried
nice and deep. Instead of doing something sane like mapping
this data to a task_struct, I'm just jumping to the location
with the info that I want. This helps to make the example
code cleaner, if not more fragile. In a real app, you'd
want to do this a little more robust :-) See
include/linux/sched.h for mode details */
procname = vmi_read_str_va(vmi, next_process + name_offset - tasks_offset, 0);
if (!procname) {
printf ("Failed to find procname\n");
} // if
vmi_read_32_va(vmi, next_process + pid_offset - tasks_offset, 0, &pid);
/* trivial sanity check on data */
if (pid >= 0 && procname){
printf("cr3: %lx [%5d] %s\n", vmi_pid_to_dtb(vmi, pid), pid, procname);
}
if (procname){
free(procname);
procname = NULL;
}
next_process = tmp_next;
}
error_exit:
if (procname) free(procname);
/* resume the vm */
vmi_resume_vm(vmi);
/* cleanup any memory associated with the LibVMI instance */
vmi_destroy(vmi);
return 0;
}
