void Dictionary::verify() {
  guarantee(number_of_entries() >= 0, "Verify of system dictionary failed");

  int element_count = 0;
  for (int index = 0; index < table_size(); index++) {
    for (DictionaryEntry* probe = bucket(index);
                          probe != NULL;
                          probe = probe->next()) {
      Klass* e = probe->klass();
      ClassLoaderData* loader_data = probe->loader_data();
      guarantee(e->oop_is_instance(),
                              "Verify of system dictionary failed");
      // class loader must be present;  a null class loader is the
      // boostrap loader
      guarantee(loader_data != NULL || DumpSharedSpaces ||
                loader_data->class_loader() == NULL ||
                loader_data->class_loader()->is_instance(),
                "checking type of class_loader");
      e->verify();
      probe->verify_protection_domain_set();
      element_count++;
    }
  }
  guarantee(number_of_entries() == element_count,
            "Verify of system dictionary failed");
  debug_only(verify_lookup_length((double)number_of_entries() / table_size()));

  _pd_cache_table->verify();
}
void Dictionary::reorder_dictionary() {

  // Copy all the dictionary entries into a single master list.

  DictionaryEntry* master_list = NULL;
  for (int i = 0; i < table_size(); ++i) {
    DictionaryEntry* p = bucket(i);
    while (p != NULL) {
      DictionaryEntry* tmp;
      tmp = p->next();
      p->set_next(master_list);
      master_list = p;
      p = tmp;
    }
    set_entry(i, NULL);
  }

  // Add the dictionary entries back to the list in the correct buckets.
  while (master_list != NULL) {
    DictionaryEntry* p = master_list;
    master_list = master_list->next();
    p->set_next(NULL);
    Symbol* class_name = InstanceKlass::cast((Klass*)(p->klass()))->name();
    // Since the null class loader data isn't copied to the CDS archive,
    // compute the hash with NULL for loader data.
    unsigned int hash = compute_hash(class_name, NULL);
    int index = hash_to_index(hash);
    p->set_hash(hash);
    p->set_loader_data(NULL);   // loader_data isn't copied to CDS
    p->set_next(bucket(index));
    set_entry(index, p);
  }
}
void Dictionary::print() {
  ResourceMark rm;
  HandleMark   hm;

  tty->print_cr("Java system dictionary (table_size=%d, classes=%d)",
                 table_size(), number_of_entries());
  tty->print_cr("^ indicates that initiating loader is different from "
                "defining loader");

  for (int index = 0; index < table_size(); index++) {
    for (DictionaryEntry* probe = bucket(index);
                          probe != NULL;
                          probe = probe->next()) {
      if (Verbose) tty->print("%4d: ", index);
      Klass* e = probe->klass();
      ClassLoaderData* loader_data =  probe->loader_data();
      bool is_defining_class =
         (loader_data == InstanceKlass::cast(e)->class_loader_data());
      tty->print("%s%s", is_defining_class ? " " : "^",
                   e->external_name());

        tty->print(", loader ");
      loader_data->print_value();
      tty->cr();
    }
  }
  tty->cr();
  _pd_cache_table->print();
  tty->cr();
}
//   All classes, and their class loaders
// Don't iterate over placeholders
void Dictionary::classes_do(void f(Klass*, ClassLoaderData*)) {
  for (int index = 0; index < table_size(); index++) {
    for (DictionaryEntry* probe = bucket(index);
                          probe != NULL;
                          probe = probe->next()) {
      Klass* k = probe->klass();
      f(k, probe->loader_data());
    }
  }
}
// Added for initialize_itable_for_klass to handle exceptions
//   Just the classes from defining class loaders
void Dictionary::classes_do(void f(Klass*, TRAPS), TRAPS) {
  for (int index = 0; index < table_size(); index++) {
    for (DictionaryEntry* probe = bucket(index);
                          probe != NULL;
                          probe = probe->next()) {
      Klass* k = probe->klass();
      if (probe->loader_data() == InstanceKlass::cast(k)->class_loader_data()) {
        f(k, CHECK);
      }
    }
  }
}
void Dictionary::methods_do(void f(Method*)) {
  for (int index = 0; index < table_size(); index++) {
    for (DictionaryEntry* probe = bucket(index);
                          probe != NULL;
                          probe = probe->next()) {
      Klass* k = probe->klass();
      if (probe->loader_data() == InstanceKlass::cast(k)->class_loader_data()) {
        // only take klass is we have the entry with the defining class loader
        InstanceKlass::cast(k)->methods_do(f);
      }
    }
  }
}
// This routine does not lock the system dictionary.
//
// Since readers don't hold a lock, we must make sure that system
// dictionary entries are only removed at a safepoint (when only one
// thread is running), and are added to in a safe way (all links must
// be updated in an MT-safe manner).
//
// Callers should be aware that an entry could be added just after
// _buckets[index] is read here, so the caller will not see the new entry.
DictionaryEntry* Dictionary::get_entry(int index, unsigned int hash,
                                       Symbol* class_name,
                                       ClassLoaderData* loader_data) {
  debug_only(_lookup_count++);
  for (DictionaryEntry* entry = bucket(index);
                        entry != NULL;
                        entry = entry->next()) {
    if (entry->hash() == hash && entry->equals(class_name, loader_data)) {
      return entry;
    }
    debug_only(_lookup_length++);
  }
  return NULL;
}
void Dictionary::always_strong_classes_do(KlassClosure* closure) {
  // Follow all system classes and temporary placeholders in dictionary
  for (int index = 0; index < table_size(); index++) {
    for (DictionaryEntry* probe = bucket(index);
                          probe != NULL;
                          probe = probe->next()) {
      Klass* e = probe->klass();
      ClassLoaderData* loader_data = probe->loader_data();
      if (is_strongly_reachable(loader_data, e)) {
        closure->do_klass(e);
      }
    }
  }
}
void Dictionary::always_strong_oops_do(OopClosure* blk) {
  // Follow all system classes and temporary placeholders in dictionary; only
  // protection domain oops contain references into the heap. In a first
  // pass over the system dictionary determine which need to be treated as
  // strongly reachable and mark them as such.
  for (int index = 0; index < table_size(); index++) {
    for (DictionaryEntry *probe = bucket(index);
                          probe != NULL;
                          probe = probe->next()) {
      Klass* e = probe->klass();
      ClassLoaderData* loader_data = probe->loader_data();
      if (is_strongly_reachable(loader_data, e)) {
        probe->set_strongly_reachable();
      }
    }
  }
  // Then iterate over the protection domain cache to apply the closure on the
  // previously marked ones.
  _pd_cache_table->always_strong_oops_do(blk);
}
bool Dictionary::do_unloading() {
  assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "must be at safepoint");
  bool class_was_unloaded = false;
  int  index = 0; // Defined here for portability! Do not move

  // Remove unloadable entries and classes from system dictionary
  // The placeholder array has been handled in always_strong_oops_do.
  DictionaryEntry* probe = NULL;
  for (index = 0; index < table_size(); index++) {
    for (DictionaryEntry** p = bucket_addr(index); *p != NULL; ) {
      probe = *p;
      Klass* e = probe->klass();
      ClassLoaderData* loader_data = probe->loader_data();

      InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(e);

      // Non-unloadable classes were handled in always_strong_oops_do
      if (!is_strongly_reachable(loader_data, e)) {
        // Entry was not visited in phase1 (negated test from phase1)
        assert(!loader_data->is_the_null_class_loader_data(), "unloading entry with null class loader");
        ClassLoaderData* k_def_class_loader_data = ik->class_loader_data();

        // Do we need to delete this system dictionary entry?
        bool purge_entry = false;

        // Do we need to delete this system dictionary entry?
        if (loader_data->is_unloading()) {
          // If the loader is not live this entry should always be
          // removed (will never be looked up again). Note that this is
          // not the same as unloading the referred class.
          if (k_def_class_loader_data == loader_data) {
            // This is the defining entry, so the referred class is about
            // to be unloaded.
            class_was_unloaded = true;
          }
          // Also remove this system dictionary entry.
          purge_entry = true;

        } else {
          // The loader in this entry is alive. If the klass is dead,
          // (determined by checking the defining class loader)
          // the loader must be an initiating loader (rather than the
          // defining loader). Remove this entry.
          if (k_def_class_loader_data->is_unloading()) {
            // If we get here, the class_loader_data must not be the defining
            // loader, it must be an initiating one.
            assert(k_def_class_loader_data != loader_data,
                   "cannot have live defining loader and unreachable klass");
            // Loader is live, but class and its defining loader are dead.
            // Remove the entry. The class is going away.
            purge_entry = true;
          }
        }

        if (purge_entry) {
          *p = probe->next();
          if (probe == _current_class_entry) {
            _current_class_entry = NULL;
          }
          free_entry(probe);
          continue;
        }
      }
      p = probe->next_addr();
    }
  }
  return class_was_unloaded;
}