static int32_t kdBinGetNodes(const kdTree &tree, const kdNode *node, u::vector<kdBinPlane> &planes,
u::vector<kdBinNode> &nodes, u::vector<kdBinLeaf> &leafs)
{
if (node->isLeaf())
return kdBinInsertLeaf(node, leafs);
// We only care about the distance and axis type for the plane.
kdBinPlane binPlane;
binPlane.d = node->m_splitPlane.d;
for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
if (m::abs(node->m_splitPlane.n[i]) > m::kEpsilon) {
binPlane.type = i;
break;
}
}
planes.push_back(binPlane);
const size_t planeIndex = planes.size() - 1;
const size_t nodeIndex = nodes.size();
kdBinNode binNode;
binNode.plane = planeIndex;
binNode.sphereRadius = node->m_sphereRadius;
binNode.sphereOrigin = node->m_sphereOrigin;
nodes.push_back(binNode);
nodes[nodeIndex].children[0] = kdBinGetNodes(tree, node->m_front, planes, nodes, leafs);
nodes[nodeIndex].children[1] = kdBinGetNodes(tree, node->m_back, planes, nodes, leafs);
return nodeIndex;
}
static uint32_t kdBinAddTexture(u::vector<kdBinTexture> &textures, const u::string &texturePath) {
uint32_t index = 0;
for (const auto &it : textures) {
if (it.name == texturePath)
return index;
index++;
}
kdBinTexture texture;
// Truncate the string if it doesn't fit
const size_t length = u::min(sizeof texture.name - 1, texturePath.size());
memcpy(texture.name, (const void *)texturePath.c_str(), length);
texture.name[length] = '\0';
textures.push_back(texture);
return textures.size() - 1;
}
static void kdBinCreateTangents(u::vector<kdBinVertex> &vertices, const u::vector<kdBinTriangle> &triangles) {
// Computing Tangent Space Basis Vectors for an Arbitrary Mesh (Lengyel’s Method)
// Section 7.8 (or in Section 6.8 of the second edition).
const size_t vertexCount = vertices.size();
const size_t triangleCount = triangles.size();
u::vector<m::vec3> normals(vertexCount);
u::vector<m::vec3> tangents(vertexCount);
u::vector<m::vec3> bitangents(vertexCount);
m::vec3 normal;
m::vec3 tangent;
m::vec3 bitangent;
for (size_t i = 0; i < triangleCount; i++) {
kdBinCalculateTangent(triangles, vertices, i, normal, tangent, bitangent);
const size_t x = triangles[i].v[0];
const size_t y = triangles[i].v[1];
const size_t z = triangles[i].v[2];
normals[x] += normal;
normals[y] += normal;
normals[z] += normal;
tangents[x] += tangent;
tangents[y] += tangent;
tangents[z] += tangent;
bitangents[x] += bitangent;
bitangents[y] += bitangent;
bitangents[z] += bitangent;
}
for (size_t i = 0; i < vertexCount; i++) {
// Gram-Schmidt orthogonalize
// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%E2%80%93Schmidt_process
vertices[i].normal = normals[i].normalized();
const m::vec3 &n = vertices[i].normal;
m::vec3 t = tangents[i];
m::vec3 tangent = (t - n * (n * t)).normalized();
if (!tangent.isNormalized()) {
// Couldn't calculate vertex tangent for vertex, so we fill it in along
// the x axis.
tangent = m::vec3::xAxis;
t = tangent;
}
// bitangents are only stored by handness in the W component (-1.0f or 1.0f).
vertices[i].tangent = m::vec4(tangent, (((n ^ t) * bitangents[i]) < 0.0f) ? -1.0f : 1.0f);
}
}
bool write(const u::vector<unsigned char> &data, const u::string &file, const char *mode) {
auto fp = u::fopen(file, mode);
if (!fp)
return false;
if (fwrite(&data[0], data.size(), 1, fp.get()) != 1)
return false;
return true;
}
void kdNode::split(const kdTree *tree, const u::vector<int> &tris, m::axis axis,
u::vector<int> &frontList, u::vector<int> &backList, u::vector<int> &splitList, m::plane &plane) const
{
const size_t triangleCount = tris.size();
plane = findSplittingPlane(tree, tris, axis);
for (size_t i = 0; i < triangleCount; i++) {
switch (tree->testTriangle(tris[i], plane)) {
case kPolyPlaneCoplanar:
case kPolyPlaneSplit:
splitList.push_back(tris[i]);
break;
case kPolyPlaneFront:
frontList.push_back(tris[i]);
break;
case kPolyPlaneBack:
backList.push_back(tris[i]);
break;
}
}
}
bool kdNode::calculateSphere(const kdTree *tree, const u::vector<int> &tris) {
const size_t triangleCount = tris.size();
m::vec3 min;
m::vec3 max;
for (size_t i = 0; i < triangleCount; i++) {
const int index = tris[i];
for (size_t j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
const size_t vertexIndex = tree->m_triangles[index].m_vertices[j];
const m::vec3 *v = &tree->m_vertices[vertexIndex];
if (v->x < min.x) min.x = v->x;
if (v->y < min.y) min.y = v->y;
if (v->z < min.z) min.z = v->z;
if (v->x > max.x) max.x = v->x;
if (v->y > max.y) max.y = v->y;
if (v->z > max.z) max.z = v->z;
}
}
const m::vec3 mid = (max - min) * 0.5f;
m_sphereOrigin = min + mid;
m_sphereRadius = mid.abs();
return m_sphereRadius <= kdTree::kMaxTraceDistance;
}
m::plane kdNode::findSplittingPlane(const kdTree *tree, const u::vector<int> &tris, m::axis axis) const {
const size_t triangleCount = tris.size();
// every vertex component is stored depending on `axis' axis in the following
// vector. The vector gets sorted and the median is chosen as the splitting
// plane.
u::vector<float> coords(triangleCount * 3); // 3 vertices for a triangle
size_t k = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i < triangleCount; i++) {
for (size_t j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
const int index = tree->m_triangles[tris[i]].m_vertices[j];
const m::vec3 &vec = tree->m_vertices[index];
coords[k++] = vec[axis];
}
}
// sort coordinates for a L1 median estimation, this keeps us rather
// robust against vertex outliers.
u::sort(coords.begin(), coords.end(), [](float a, float b) { return a < b; });
const float split = coords[coords.size() / 2]; // median like
const m::vec3 point(m::vec3::getAxis(axis) * split);
const m::vec3 normal(m::vec3::getAxis(axis));
return m::plane(point, normal);
}
static void kdSerialize(u::vector<unsigned char> &buffer, const T *data, size_t size) {
const unsigned char *const beg = (const unsigned char *const)data;
const unsigned char *const end = ((const unsigned char *const)data) + size;
buffer.insert(buffer.end(), beg, end);
}
static int32_t kdBinInsertLeaf(const kdNode *leaf, u::vector<kdBinLeaf> &leafs) {
kdBinLeaf binLeaf;
binLeaf.triangles.insert(binLeaf.triangles.begin(), leaf->m_triangles.begin(), leaf->m_triangles.end());
leafs.push_back(binLeaf);
return -(int32_t)leafs.size(); // leaf indices are stored with negative index
}
kdNode::kdNode(kdTree *tree, const u::vector<int> &tris, size_t recursionDepth)
: m_front(nullptr)
, m_back(nullptr)
, m_sphereRadius(0.0f)
{
const size_t triangleCount = tris.size();
if (recursionDepth > tree->m_depth)
tree->m_depth = recursionDepth;
if (recursionDepth > kdTree::kMaxRecursionDepth)
return;
tree->m_nodeCount++;
if (!calculateSphere(tree, tris)) {
u::Log::err("[world] => level geometry is too large: collision detection and rendering may not work");
return;
}
u::vector<int> fx, fy, fz; // front
u::vector<int> bx, by, bz; // back
u::vector<int> sx, sy, sz; // split
u::vector<int> *const frontList[3] = { &fx, &fy, &fz };
u::vector<int> *const backList[3] = { &bx, &by, &bz };
u::vector<int> *const splitList[3] = { &sx, &sy, &sz };
m::plane plane[3];
float ratio[3];
size_t best = recursionDepth % 3;
// find a plane which gives a good balanced node
for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
split(tree, tris, m::axis(i), *frontList[i], *backList[i], *splitList[i], plane[i]);
const size_t fsize = (*frontList[i]).size();
const size_t bsize = (*backList[i]).size();
if (fsize > bsize)
ratio[i] = (float)bsize / (float)fsize;
else
ratio[i] = (float)fsize / (float)bsize;
}
float bestRatio = 0.0f;
for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
if (ratio[i] > bestRatio) {
best = i;
bestRatio = ratio[i];
}
}
m_splitPlane = plane[best];
// when there isn't many triangles left, create a leaf. In doing so we can
// continue to create further subdivisions.
if (frontList[best]->size() == 0 || backList[best]->size() == 0 || triangleCount <= kdTree::kMaxTrianglesPerLeaf) {
// create subspace with `triangleCount` polygons
m_triangles.insert(m_triangles.begin(), tris.begin(), tris.end());
tree->m_leafCount++;
return;
}
// insert the split triangles on both sides of the plane.
frontList[best]->insert(frontList[best]->end(), splitList[best]->begin(), splitList[best]->end());
backList[best]->insert(backList[best]->end(), splitList[best]->begin(), splitList[best]->end());
// recurse
m_front = new kdNode(tree, *frontList[best], recursionDepth + 1);
m_back = new kdNode(tree, *backList[best], recursionDepth + 1);
}