void XTR_FindPrimesAndGenerator(RandomNumberGenerator &rng, Integer &p, Integer &q, GFP2Element &g, unsigned int pbits, unsigned int qbits)
{
CRYPTOPP_ASSERT(qbits > 9); // no primes exist for pbits = 10, qbits = 9
CRYPTOPP_ASSERT(pbits > qbits);
const Integer minQ = Integer::Power2(qbits - 1);
const Integer maxQ = Integer::Power2(qbits) - 1;
const Integer minP = Integer::Power2(pbits - 1);
const Integer maxP = Integer::Power2(pbits) - 1;
top:
Integer r1, r2;
do
{
(void)q.Randomize(rng, minQ, maxQ, Integer::PRIME, 7, 12);
// Solution always exists because q === 7 mod 12.
(void)SolveModularQuadraticEquation(r1, r2, 1, -1, 1, q);
// I believe k_i, r1 and r2 are being used slightly different than the
// paper's algorithm. I believe it is leading to the failed asserts.
// Just make the assert part of the condition.
if(!p.Randomize(rng, minP, maxP, Integer::PRIME, CRT(rng.GenerateBit() ?
r1 : r2, q, 2, 3, EuclideanMultiplicativeInverse(p, 3)), 3 * q)) { continue; }
} while (((p % 3U) != 2) || (((p.Squared() - p + 1) % q).NotZero()));
// CRYPTOPP_ASSERT((p % 3U) == 2);
// CRYPTOPP_ASSERT(((p.Squared() - p + 1) % q).IsZero());
GFP2_ONB<ModularArithmetic> gfp2(p);
GFP2Element three = gfp2.ConvertIn(3), t;
while (true)
{
g.c1.Randomize(rng, Integer::Zero(), p-1);
g.c2.Randomize(rng, Integer::Zero(), p-1);
t = XTR_Exponentiate(g, p+1, p);
if (t.c1 == t.c2)
continue;
g = XTR_Exponentiate(g, (p.Squared()-p+1)/q, p);
if (g != three)
break;
}
if (XTR_Exponentiate(g, q, p) != three)
goto top;
// CRYPTOPP_ASSERT(XTR_Exponentiate(g, q, p) == three);
}
Integer ModularSquareRoot(const Integer &a, const Integer &p)
{
if (p%4 == 3)
return a_exp_b_mod_c(a, (p+1)/4, p);
Integer q=p-1;
unsigned int r=0;
while (q.IsEven())
{
r++;
q >>= 1;
}
Integer n=2;
while (Jacobi(n, p) != -1)
++n;
Integer y = a_exp_b_mod_c(n, q, p);
Integer x = a_exp_b_mod_c(a, (q-1)/2, p);
Integer b = (x.Squared()%p)*a%p;
x = a*x%p;
Integer tempb, t;
while (b != 1)
{
unsigned m=0;
tempb = b;
do
{
m++;
b = b.Squared()%p;
if (m==r)
return Integer::Zero();
}
while (b != 1);
t = y;
for (unsigned i=0; i<r-m-1; i++)
t = t.Squared()%p;
y = t.Squared()%p;
r = m;
x = x*t%p;
b = tempb*y%p;
}
assert(x.Squared()%p == a);
return x;
}
bool IsStrongProbablePrime(const Integer &n, const Integer &b)
{
if (n <= 3)
return n==2 || n==3;
assert(n>3 && b>1 && b<n-1);
if ((n.IsEven() && n!=2) || GCD(b, n) != 1)
return false;
Integer nminus1 = (n-1);
unsigned int a;
// calculate a = largest power of 2 that divides (n-1)
for (a=0; ; a++)
if (nminus1.GetBit(a))
break;
Integer m = nminus1>>a;
Integer z = a_exp_b_mod_c(b, m, n);
if (z==1 || z==nminus1)
return true;
for (unsigned j=1; j<a; j++)
{
z = z.Squared()%n;
if (z==nminus1)
return true;
if (z==1)
return false;
}
return false;
}
Integer RabinFunction::ApplyFunction(const Integer &in) const
{
Integer out = in.Squared()%n;
if (in.IsOdd())
out = out*r%n;
if (Jacobi(in, n)==-1)
out = out*s%n;
return out;
}
Integer RabinFunction::ApplyFunction(const Integer &in) const
{
DoQuickSanityCheck();
Integer out = in.Squared()%m_n;
if (in.IsOdd())
out = out*m_r%m_n;
if (Jacobi(in, m_n)==-1)
out = out*m_s%m_n;
return out;
}
void XTR_FindPrimesAndGenerator(RandomNumberGenerator &rng, Integer &p, Integer &q, GFP2Element &g, unsigned int pbits, unsigned int qbits)
{
assert(qbits > 9); // no primes exist for pbits = 10, qbits = 9
assert(pbits > qbits);
const Integer minQ = Integer::Power2(qbits - 1);
const Integer maxQ = Integer::Power2(qbits) - 1;
const Integer minP = Integer::Power2(pbits - 1);
const Integer maxP = Integer::Power2(pbits) - 1;
Integer r1, r2;
do
{
bool qFound = q.Randomize(rng, minQ, maxQ, Integer::PRIME, 7, 12);
CRYPTOPP_UNUSED(qFound); assert(qFound);
bool solutionsExist = SolveModularQuadraticEquation(r1, r2, 1, -1, 1, q);
CRYPTOPP_UNUSED(solutionsExist); assert(solutionsExist);
} while (!p.Randomize(rng, minP, maxP, Integer::PRIME, CRT(rng.GenerateBit()?r1:r2, q, 2, 3, EuclideanMultiplicativeInverse(p, 3)), 3*q));
assert(((p.Squared() - p + 1) % q).IsZero());
GFP2_ONB<ModularArithmetic> gfp2(p);
GFP2Element three = gfp2.ConvertIn(3), t;
while (true)
{
g.c1.Randomize(rng, Integer::Zero(), p-1);
g.c2.Randomize(rng, Integer::Zero(), p-1);
t = XTR_Exponentiate(g, p+1, p);
if (t.c1 == t.c2)
continue;
g = XTR_Exponentiate(g, (p.Squared()-p+1)/q, p);
if (g != three)
break;
}
assert(XTR_Exponentiate(g, q, p) == three);
}
bool SolveModularQuadraticEquation(Integer &r1, Integer &r2, const Integer &a, const Integer &b, const Integer &c, const Integer &p)
{
Integer D = (b.Squared() - 4*a*c) % p;
switch (Jacobi(D, p))
{
default:
assert(false); // not reached
return false;
case -1:
return false;
case 0:
r1 = r2 = (-b*(a+a).InverseMod(p)) % p;
assert(((r1.Squared()*a + r1*b + c) % p).IsZero());
return true;
case 1:
Integer s = ModularSquareRoot(D, p);
Integer t = (a+a).InverseMod(p);
r1 = (s-b)*t % p;
r2 = (-s-b)*t % p;
assert(((r1.Squared()*a + r1*b + c) % p).IsZero());
assert(((r2.Squared()*a + r2*b + c) % p).IsZero());
return true;
}
}
bool IsStrongLucasProbablePrime(const Integer &n)
{
if (n <= 1)
return false;
if (n.IsEven())
return n==2;
assert(n>2);
Integer b=3;
unsigned int i=0;
int j;
while ((j=Jacobi(b.Squared()-4, n)) == 1)
{
if (++i==64 && n.IsSquare()) // avoid infinite loop if n is a square
return false;
++b; ++b;
}
if (j==0)
return false;
Integer n1 = n+1;
unsigned int a;
// calculate a = largest power of 2 that divides n1
for (a=0; ; a++)
if (n1.GetBit(a))
break;
Integer m = n1>>a;
Integer z = Lucas(m, b, n);
if (z==2 || z==n-2)
return true;
for (i=1; i<a; i++)
{
z = (z.Squared()-2)%n;
if (z==n-2)
return true;
if (z==2)
return false;
}
return false;
}
/*
* function computeRabin : This function compute the Rabin function on the accepted element
* param tpPtr : The pointer to the Rabin object
* param element : The element for the computation
*/
JNIEXPORT jlong JNICALL Java_edu_biu_scapi_primitives_trapdoorPermutation_cryptopp_CryptoPpRabinPermutation_computeRabin
(JNIEnv *env, jobject, jlong tpPtr, jlong element) {
Utils utils;
//get the Integer value for the computation
Integer x = *(Integer*) element;
Integer mod = ((RabinFunction *) tpPtr) -> GetModulus();
((RabinFunction *) tpPtr) -> DoQuickSanityCheck();
//compute
Integer result = x.Squared()%mod;
//return the result as jbyteArray
return (jlong) utils.getPointerToInteger(result);
}
Integer RWFunction::ApplyFunction(const Integer &in) const
{
DoQuickSanityCheck();
Integer out = in.Squared()%m_n;
const word r = 12;
// this code was written to handle both r = 6 and r = 12,
// but now only r = 12 is used in P1363
const word r2 = r/2;
const word r3a = (16 + 5 - r) % 16; // n%16 could be 5 or 13
const word r3b = (16 + 13 - r) % 16;
const word r4 = (8 + 5 - r/2) % 8; // n%8 == 5
switch (out % 16)
{
case r:
break;
case r2:
case r2+8:
out <<= 1;
break;
case r3a:
case r3b:
out.Negate();
out += m_n;
break;
case r4:
case r4+8:
out.Negate();
out += m_n;
out <<= 1;
break;
default:
out = Integer::Zero();
}
return out;
}
// DJB's "RSA signatures and Rabin-Williams signatures..." (http://cr.yp.to/sigs/rwsota-20080131.pdf).
Integer InvertibleRWFunction::CalculateInverse(RandomNumberGenerator &rng, const Integer &x) const
{
DoQuickSanityCheck();
if(!m_precompute)
Precompute();
ModularArithmetic modn(m_n), modp(m_p), modq(m_q);
Integer r, rInv;
do
{
// Do this in a loop for people using small numbers for testing
r.Randomize(rng, Integer::One(), m_n - Integer::One());
// Fix for CVE-2015-2141. Thanks to Evgeny Sidorov for reporting.
// Squaring to satisfy Jacobi requirements suggested by Jean-Pierre Muench.
r = modn.Square(r);
rInv = modn.MultiplicativeInverse(r);
} while (rInv.IsZero());
Integer re = modn.Square(r);
re = modn.Multiply(re, x); // blind
const Integer &h = re, &p = m_p, &q = m_q;
Integer e, f;
const Integer U = modq.Exponentiate(h, (q+1)/8);
if(((modq.Exponentiate(U, 4) - h) % q).IsZero())
e = Integer::One();
else
e = -1;
const Integer eh = e*h, V = modp.Exponentiate(eh, (p-3)/8);
if(((modp.Multiply(modp.Exponentiate(V, 4), modp.Exponentiate(eh, 2)) - eh) % p).IsZero())
f = Integer::One();
else
f = 2;
Integer W, X;
#pragma omp parallel sections if(CRYPTOPP_RW_USE_OMP)
{
#pragma omp section
{
W = (f.IsUnit() ? U : modq.Multiply(m_pre_2_3q, U));
}
#pragma omp section
{
const Integer t = modp.Multiply(modp.Exponentiate(V, 3), eh);
X = (f.IsUnit() ? t : modp.Multiply(m_pre_2_9p, t));
}
}
const Integer Y = W + q * modp.Multiply(m_pre_q_p, (X - W));
// Signature
Integer s = modn.Multiply(modn.Square(Y), rInv);
CRYPTOPP_ASSERT((e * f * s.Squared()) % m_n == x);
// IEEE P1363, Section 8.2.8 IFSP-RW, p.44
s = STDMIN(s, m_n - s);
if (ApplyFunction(s) != x) // check
throw Exception(Exception::OTHER_ERROR, "InvertibleRWFunction: computational error during private key operation");
return s;
}